Slavery in the Slavery in the United StatesUnited States

Carqueville

Slavery becomes a Southern NecessitySlave- Def. A person who is considered the property of

another.In the beginning…

Replaced “Indentured Servitude”Remember the Definition?

• Men (mostly whites) who traded a life of prison or debt for a limited time of servitude.

Native Americans difficult to enslave • Runaways, unwilling to learn labor techniques

Numbers diminish- Need new options

Transatlantic Slave Trade: 3 Legs of a Triangle

The Outward Passage from Europe to Africa carrying manufactured goods.

The Middle Passage from Africa to the Americas or the Caribbean carrying African captives and other 'commodities’.

The Homeward Passage carrying sugar, tobacco, rum, rice, cotton and other

goods back to Europe.

““Triangle Trade”Triangle Trade”Transatlantic Trading Network’s 3 Way process

carried “goods” all around the world…Middle PassageMiddle Passage by far the most lucrative and most

sickening cruelty… Excerpts from T. Smith & O. Equiano

“All the males were forcibly branded with a hot iron and loaded down with heavy shackles. Completely naked, they were chained together in tens by the neck,

hands and feet: bound down with irons, and crushed almost unto death, and all for the purpose of maintaining due subordination, as it is called, and preserving

the peace and safety of everyone onboard.”

“The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, which had now become insupportable; and the filth of the necessary tubs,

into which the children fell, and were almost suffocated.”

Make-Up of a Slave BoatMake-Up of a Slave Boat

Slavery Begins: 5 StagesSlavery Begins: 5 StagesStage 1: Enslavement Slavery already existed in Africa

(Criminals, Witches, Capture of other Tribes, protection, dowry)

Took Anyone –M,W and Children

Stage 2: Transportation to the Coast

Higher mortality rate than Middle Passage (Water Supply, Malaria/Disease, No shelter/clothing)

Merchants waited on the coast to buy and sell to captains

5 Stages of the Slave Experience5 Stages of the Slave Experience

Stage 3: Embarkation (Amistad) Moving from factories/holding spots onto the ship (ships made JUST

for slave trade)

Stage 4: Middle Passage (Amistad) Slaves shackled together so not able to jump ship, tight packing-

mortality rater 10-15%

Stage 5: Disembarkation Slaves held in quarantine for 2 more weeks in the new world VIDEO

Mortality and Losses in the Angolan Slave Trade

Of 100 people seized in Africa…

75 reached the

Marketplaces in the interior of

Africa64

would reach the Coast

57Would board the Ships

51Would have stepped onto

Brazilian soil

48 would live to meet

their SlaveMaster

2828Of the original 100

Were still alive by their 3rd of 4th year in the New World.

6 Characteristics of Slavery:6 Characteristics of Slavery:1) Slaves are property2) They were outsiders (Aliens by origin / denied heritage)

Ethnically different makes it easier to exploit

3) Coercion could be used against them4) Their Labor Power was at complete

disposal of their Master5) Did not have the right to own sexuality (or

own reproductive capacities)6) Slave status was inherited (unless

provisions made otherwise)

Slaves Begin to Resist!

Many ways to show their ResistanceMask of Subordination (fake respect=safety)Labor ResistanceBuilding of Slave Culture (Community v Master)Running AwayPhysical Attacks / Property destruction

Nat Turner’s Rebellion – 1831DEADLY Assault on the Slave System

Who is Nat Turner?Who is Nat Turner?Slave born- VirginiaConnection with God/ Slave

Preacher Believed God chose him to lead the

blacks to freedom.

He & 70 recruits= Rampage! Killed nearly 60 men, women

and children- including his Master

Turner becomes a Fugitive…

He was caught and killed

**His intention was to fight the anti-slavery cause, but went down in history as a killer…

IS HE AN ABOLITIONIST?????

Frederick Douglass: Educated Slave

Born into slavery- Maryland (North)

Taught to read (alphabet) by Master’s wife He then taught others

Beaten severely- but stayed strong/ fought back

Ran away– never looked backBecomes a anti-slavery

lecturer Helps in Womens Movement,

rights of Black Soldiers and suffrage of freedmen

Abolitionists- Slave Father + Free Mother

Freedman Published: “An Appeal to the

Coloured Citizens” Called for black unity and self help Challenged the whites- Give us

EQUALITY… Constitution!!! Used the Bible against them! William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

David David

WalkerWalker

Started The Liberator Sent out Antislavery message all

around the world

Founded the American Antislavery Society (also in Europe) Show how immoral Slavery was-

and people will want to end it!