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Slave Trade Began• In 15th Century Portugal
explored West Coast of Africa & purchased slaves.
• By 1500 10% of Population of Lisbon were African slaves.
• After 1492, other European nations joined in slave trade.
Middle Passage
• Historian Philip Curtin est. 9,566,000 Africans brought to Western Hemisphere
• no one knows how many died being captured & transported--60 million?
BritishCaribbean
FrenchCaribbean
SpanishAmerica
Dutch &Danish WestIndies
United States
Brazil
33%
5%7% 12%
20%
22%
Where were the slaves brought to?
In Caribbean
• Sugar Plantations
• Europe’s craving for sugar was the # 1 reason for the transatlantic slave trade
• British Jamaica imported 748,000 > half of them died from the harsh life on sugar plantations
The United States• Tobacco
• rice
• Indigo
• Cotton (after 1800)
• in North --dock workers
Virginia• 1st Africans
brought to Virginia in 1619
• Sold as indentured servants
• Gradual institutionalization of slavery in 17th century
• By 1760 20% of colonial population were slaves.
• 1st Africans brought to Virginia in 1619
• Sold as indentured servants
• Gradual institutionalization of slavery in 17th century
• By 1760 20% of colonial population were slaves.
South Carolina
• Largest percentage of slaves in U.S.
• Charleston main port between colonies & Caribbean
• work Rice Plantations– Rice exported to
Caribbean to feed slaves
Slave revolts in colonies
• 250 recorded incidents of slave rebellions in the Americas
• New York slave revolt of 1712
• Stono Rebellion in South Carolina, 1739
Olaudah Equiano
• His biography started the opposition to slavery in the colonies [1745-1797]
How Was Slavery in Americas Unique
• 1st Africans were indentured servants> institution of slavery evolved during 17th century
• Slavery by Race
• Hereditary>1 slave parent led to slavery for the child
• Slaves property with no rights