Skills: noneConcepts: data, information, code, code standardization, encoding text, information and variety

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Data + code → information

Where does this topic fit?

• Internet concepts– Applications– Technology– Implications

• Internet skills– Application development– Content creation– User skills

010101011100101010101010101010111010101010101010101010101010100101010101000010110101010101010010101101101010101010110010110010101010100101110101001010010101010101010001001010101011010011010010101010100101101001011100101010101001010101000101010101010101010010101001010101001001001001010101001000101010101110100101001010101010010101010101001010100100101010010101001001010101001010100101010100101010101001010101011110101011100001111011

All data is binary

40 bits of data

0100110001100001011100100111001001111001

What data type is this – image? Video? Audio? Text? These bits are not random – do you see a pattern or clue to a code?

01001100 01100001 01110010 01110010 01111001

0100110001100001011100100111001001111001

5 bytes of data

Do you see any pattern or regularity now?

01001100 01100001 01110010 01110010 01111001

0100110001100001011100100111001001111001

5 bytes of data

What can you conclude from these two codes being the same?

A code for text data

L 01001100

a 01100001

r 01110010

r 01110010

y 01111001

L a r r y

0100110001100001011100100111001001111001

Data + a code → information

010101011100101010101010101010111010101010101010101010101010100101010101000010110101010101010010101101101010101010110010110010101010100101110101001010010101010101010001001010101011010011010010101010100101101001011100101010101001010101000101010101010101010010101001010101001001001001010101001000101010101110100101001010101010010101010101001010100100101010010101001001010101001010100101010100101010101001010101011110101011100001111011

Many bits, no information

One bit can convey information

0 = male

1 = female

0 = male1 = female

1 = male0 = female

Standardization

Fail

International Organization for Standardization ISO-8859-1

Any camera and viewing program

JPEGBMPPNGGIFEtc.

MY NAME IS LARRY PRESS.

My name is Larry Press.

Which sentence conveys the most information – one made up of only upper case characters or one made up of upper and lower case characters?

Codes before computersPaul Revere’s one-bit message

= By land (0)

= By sea (1)

Encoding text

Data type Decade

Numeric 1950s

Alphanumeric 1960s

Text 1970s

Image 1990s

Speech 2000s

Music 2000s

Video 2000s

HD video 2010s

Could you devise a code of 1s and 0s to represent this image?

Summary

Data + a code → information

International Organization for Standardization:http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html

ISO 8859-1 character standard:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1

Paul Revere’s 1-bit message:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere#The_Midnight_Ride_of_Paul_Revere

Resources

1. What would happen if a program tried to display a page of text that was created by a program using a different code than expected?

2. If you took a picture of your car, could you store that using the ISO 8859-1 character standard? Explain your answer.

3. Write the word Hello using the ISO 8859-1 character standard.a. How many bits did it take?b. How many bytes did it take?c. Would it take more bytes in memory than in storage?

4. At 10 bits per second, how long would it take to transmit Hello from one computer to another?

5. How long would it take at 10 megabits per second?6. Would the word Hello be encoded the same as the word hello?7. Would it take longer to transfer the word hello from storage to

memory than the word Larry?8. How many bits long was Paul Revere’s message? Explain your answer.9. Which contains more information 100 random bits or 1,000 random

bits? Explain your answer.

Self-study questions

Height (inches) 70

Weight (pounds) 170

Social security number 544678793

9. The symbols 0…9 may be used in numeric and text data. Which of these is numeric and which is text?