PENDAHULUANThe Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) is the most widely used standardized instrument for cognitive impairment in the worldIt was called the Mini-Mental because it does not assess for MoodThought disorders

MMSEItems could be administered without additional equipment at patients bedsideWatch PaperPencilQuick to administer 10 minutes or less

MMSE - 30 point screening toolThe score should be the raw number of correct answers (out of a total of 30 points)The MMSE was NOT meant to be used for establishing a diagnosis of dementiaThe MMSE are screening tools NOT diagnostic tools

Limitations of the MMSE

There is also a ceiling effect in those who are very well educated you may get a score in the cognitively intact range even though you feel clinically that the patient meets criteria for dementia MMSEs relative loading on verbal skills (versus visual spatial/ constructional or executive functions) limits its utility in individuals withFocal lesions to the right hemispherePrimarily frontal deficits (executive functioning)The MMSE is not diagnostic, and abnormal scores simply indicate the need for further evaluation