SIX - London Borough of Sutton 2... · 2015. 5. 22. · UNDERSTANDING SUTTON’S LOCAL DISTINCTIVENESS: CHARACTERISATION REPORT OF STUDIES PAGE 28 railway line Movement Introduction

UNDERSTANDING SUTTON’S LOCAL DISTINCTIVENESS: CHARACTERISATION REPORT OF STUDIES PAGE 26

Local material colour palette Introduction 6.1 The underlying principle of good urban design is how

new development will respond to and reflect an area’s local distinctiveness, and where none exists, creates a distinct character of its own. This may be achieved by considering how modern design and materials respond to the local vernacular, while incorporating the principles of sustainable construction and materials.

6.2 This section sets out a local palette of materials and

colour schemes from the various building periods. This should be taken into account in any local context appraisal.

Pre-18th century buildings 6.3 These have mostly survived in the village centres of

Carshalton and Cheam, although there are several examples elsewhere. They have often been modified by weather board or tiles rendering.

• Materials: timber frame, wattle and daub, peg tile roofs and occasionally brick

• Colour patterns: Timber often painted black and white (although there is no historical justification for this); red tile roofs, soft orange red bricks; and weather boarding often added S

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• Examples in Sutton: the Old Cottage (the Broadway, Cheam) and Whitehall (Cheam).

18th century buildings 6.4 Predominantly brick buildings.

• Materials: Soft red sandy brick, coarse red or yellowish bricks (which are easily confused with London stock bricks), peg / pan tiles, the soft red bricks are sometimes cut and rubbed to decorate windows or doors, wooden sash windows or lead casement windows in less prominent locations.

• Colour patterns: Red or yellowish bricks, red roof tiles.

• Examples in Sutton: The Old Rectory (Festival Walk, Carshalton), Cottages (Wrights Row, Wallington) and Sutton Lodge (Brighton Road, Sutton)

Weatherboarding 6.5 Many timber framed weather board houses were built

in the area between the 18th and early 19th century, with several built before this time. Examples of weatherboard houses can be found in the old village centres of Cheam and Carshalton, and dispersed elsewhere in the borough.


• Materials: Horizontal lapped boarding over timber frame, pan / peg tile roofs, sash or casement windows, with slate roofs as probable later replacements.

• Colour patterns: generally painted white with red roof tiles

• Examples in Sutton: Aulton Lodge (West Street, Carshalton) and Park Lane (Cheam).

Mid Victorian 6.6 Predominantly brick gothic-style buildings from the high

Victorian period. • Materials: Yellow stock brick often with red

decorative details, stone windows, stale roofs and prominent gables with decorated barge boards.

• Colour patterns: Yellow brick walls with red detail, pale brown stone and grey or purple slate roofs

• Examples in Sutton: North side of Westcroft Road (Carshalton)

Late Victorian and Edwardian (1890 – 1914)

• Materials: Soft red, occasionally yellow brick, peg tiles on the roof and sometimes hung on the wall. Wooden mock Tudor doors and windows often with leading and some stained glass. Iron finials and decoration.

• Colour patterns: Red walls and roofs • Examples in Sutton: Russettings (Worcester

Road, Sutton)

Cottage Garden Style (Arts and Crafts style) • Materials: yellow and red stock brick, red tiled and

slate roofs, decorative chimneys and casement windows;

• Colour patterns: yellow, red and red / black roofs • Examples in Sutton: St Helier estate, Sutton

Garden Suburb, Culvers Way, Bute Road, Alberta Avenue and Federick Road

Recent Housing (1970 to present)

• Materials: new London Stock, yellow and red brick, glass, timber, aluminium, good quality cladding, sustainable building materials, modern materials and colour render (New England style)

• Colour patterns: opportunities for varied colour schemes

• Examples in Sutton: the Hamptons, Apeldoorn Estate, Mill Lane, Henderson Hospital Site, Mullard Factory Site, Cotswold Way and Oakdene Mews


Movement Introduction 7.1 Three principal radial routes from London, the A24, the

A217 and the A237, cross through the Borough and provide access to the M25.The A232 and A2022 provide east-west routes across the Borough and provide direct access to the A23 and from there down to Gatwick Airport and the south coast.

7.2 The London Borough of Sutton is served by a number

of suburban rail services with London termini at Victoria, London Bridge and Waterloo as well as Thameslink which provides cross London service to Kings Cross and Luton. Tramlink connects Croydon and Wimbledon with two stops in the north east corner of the Borough.

7.3 Figure 7.1 highlights the road and rail network and the

Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTALs) in the Borough. Not surprisingly the highest PTAL levels are found in and around Sutton Town Centre followed by

Wallington District Centre. Some parts of the Borough are particularly poorly served by public transport including large areas south of the Sutton-Wallington railway line. Much of the low density housing areas of South Cheam, Carshalton Beeches, South Wallington and Beddington South have PTAL levels of 1a/1b and some areas have no access to public transport at all, including at the Green Belt, Little Woodcote and Cuddington/South Cheam.

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7.4 Industrial and commercial development is concentrated

in three strategic industrial locations at Beddington, Kimpton and Imperial Way/Purley Way South. Each of these areas is located close to key radial routes in London and on to the M25.

Figure 7.1: Sutton’s Road and Rail Network and Public Transport Accessibility Levels

UNDERSTANDING SUTTON’S LOCAL DISTINCTIVENESS: CHARACTERISATION REPORT OF STUDIES

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Townscape and Landscape Character and Quality Introduction 8.1 The Townscape/Landscape Appraisal (1998) set out

results of an appraisal of the open and built environments in Sutton and identified certain character areas within the Borough. However this original work has been refined on the basis of the following detailed appraisals: • Conservation Area character appraisals undertaken

of Sutton Garden Suburb, Wallington Green and Carshalton Village during 2005-07;

• The appraisal of a number of potential Areas of Special Local Character (ASLCs) undertaken between 2003 and 2008. The potential areas included the Belmont Area; the Mayfield Estate in South Sutton; the Hinton Estate in South Wallington, Anne Boleyn’s Walk area, Cheam; and

the Downs Road area and Chiltern Road area in South Sutton; and

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• The appraisal of 28 characteristic areas of inter-war suburban housing during 2007, including the Ruskin Road/Grandison Road area in Worcester Park; the Kingsmead Avenue, Oaks Avenue, Tudor Avenue Area; all of South Cheam; and the Pine Walk area in Carshalton Beeches. The areas reviewed are identified on the Map in Figure 8.1 below.

Figure 8.1: Interwar Housing Areas Reviewed


8.2 Additional townscape character appraisal work has specifically been undertaken on Sutton Town Centre: the North Sutton (Angel’s End) Study by Atkins and CB Hillier Parker in 2003 and the Sutton Town Centre Urban Design Analysis by Urban Practitioners (2007). This information has also been used to update the 1998 characterisation appraisal of the Borough.

extraction and waste disposal site; and the development of Prologis Park to the east of Beddington Lane).

8.5 The key features from each townscape character area

are outlined in this section and are shown on Figure 8.2. Figure 8.2 illustrates that the character of the Borough is predominantly defined by inter-war suburban housing interspersed with large public open spaces that give the Borough its suburban and “green” qualities.

8.3 The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) advises that the approach recommended by English Heritage towards the assessment of character of historic areas can be applied to the analysis of any area1. Accordingly, the character appraisal of both potential ASLCs and the inter-war suburban areas used the same criteria established in the Unitary Development Plan (2003). The criteria are: quality of the overall character of an area; the townscape value of individual and groups of buildings; the architectural quality of buildings; the historic importance of the area; landscape characteristics; quality of open spaces; and the contribution of incidental features such as walls, fences and hedges.

8.6 The key features of landscape character are illustrated on Figure 8.4.

8.7 Furthermore, the Townscape/Landscape Appraisal

identified the quality of the townscape and landscape and this is illustrated on Figure 8.3 and 8.5 respectively. These figures have been updated to reflect the appraisal work undertaken on potential ASLCs and the inter-war suburban housing areas and to take into account major enhancement schemes implemented since the original survey work (i.e. at Kimpton Industrial Estate and the redevelopment of the Roundshaw Housing Estate). 8.4 The original 1998 appraisal work has also been

updated to reflect significant changes of land use (i.e. the redevelopment of the former Worcester Park Sewage Treatment Works; the change of the predominant use of Beddington Farmlands from a sewage treatment works to an active minerals

1 Protecting Design Quality in Planning, 2003 UNDERSTANDING SUTTON’S LOCAL DISTINCTIVENESS: CHARACTERISATION REPORT OF STUDIES

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Figure 8.2: Townscape Character


Figure 8.3: Townscape Quality



Figure 8.4: Landscape Character


Figure 8.5: Landscape Quality


Pre-1915 housing 8.8 This housing character is located predominantly in and

around the commercial centres of the Borough, and many of these areas are already designated as Conservation Areas or Areas of Special Local Character.

8.9 There is a range of property sizes and styles originating

from this period that were mostly dependent on the market for which the housing was intended.

8.10 There are examples of small two-story artisan terraces

with minimal front gardens normally enclosed by a low wall. These areas are usually intensively developed with no off street parking and have an urban feel. The areas usually have a strong architectural cohesion. An example of pre-1913 artisan housing is Highland Cottages, as shown below.

Typical example of pre-1915 artisan housing, from

Highland Cottages, Wallington

Pre-1913 artisan housing at Highland Cottages with

minimal front gardens and strong architectural cohesion

8.11 Elsewhere, such as Clyde Road Wallington there are

larger late Victorian or Edwardian properties, which are typically developed to a lower density and have a less regimented building layout. Sometimes there is a mixture of detached/semi-detached properties and a mix of architectural styles. However, all these properties usually have the rich architectural detailing of the era.

8.12 Furthermore, these areas have larger building plots

and consequently larger front gardens with significant landscape features. More recently, many of these front gardens have been converted to provide off-street parking.

© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. London Borough of Sutton 100008655X. 2006.


Typical example of pre-1915 Victorian / Edwardian housing, from Clyde Road, Wallington

Larger properties of the typical Victorian / Edwardian housing on Clyde Road, Wallington

8.13 Current issues: • Some infill development is discordant as it is not

sympathetic to the context. Such development has

led to varying building lines and the use of different materials;

• The conversion of older large houses to nursing homes or flats has increased densities and led to unsympathetic alterations such as obtrusive fire escapes; loss of front gardens to parking; and intrusive refuse storage areas;

• Extensive on-street and forecourt parking impacts on the street character leading to loss of hedges and landscaping that is part of the original vernacular; and © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved.

London Borough of Sutton 100008655X. 2006. • Backland development has occurred on the large

garden blocks, characteristic of this era. Inter-War housing 1918-1939 8.14 This housing type is the most prevalent throughout the

borough, often in long straight streets. During this period individual builders were able to buy tracts of land and lay areas out as discrete estates. The layout and character of some of these estates is still apparent from the street patterns and the style of houses.

8.15 Examples from this period include the Brocks Estate

(between Gander Green Lane and St Dunstans Hill); the Poets Estate in Carshalton; the Paynes Estate (north of the Wallington/Sutton railway line and east of Plough Lane); and the Queenswood Estate in Wallington (south of Croydon Road).


Typical example of Inter-War Housing, 1918 - 1939, from the Poets Estate

Example of 1930s housing from the Poets Estate, Sutton

8.16 This housing character generally comprises of short

terraces or semi-detached two storey houses. The streets are typically wide and have grass verges and street trees. Front gardens are small and have low

boundary walls generally of brick or ‘cinder’ rubble set between timber posts.

8.17 Although the architectural style appears to be uniform

there are sometimes differences. The properties are usually clay tiled with brick or rendered finish. There are tile hung or half-timbered gable ends and front elevations at first floor level. Some front doors are enhanced by porches or brick arched openings with decorative keystones.

Example of clay tiled front, first floor elevation


8.18 Current issues: • Whilst the architectural style is often uniform, it

sometimes lacks distinctive character; • Some interwar estates are large, impersonal and

lack identity, which has an impact on legibility; • Front gardens are being used to accommodate off-

street parking, which destroys the pattern of the street frontage and leaves house fronts open to the streets when cars are removed;


• Too many side extensions can be insensitive and create a terracing effect between properties; and

• In some areas the loss of characteristic boundary treatments has had a detrimental impact on the street scene.

Cottage garden style estates 8.19 The cottage garden style estates were originally

planned to include open spaces as an integral part of the layout and would comprise of two storey semi-detached and terraced properties. The earliest example is Sutton Garden Suburb, planned and work begun before the First World War. The houses that were built reflect the arts and crafts style detailing of the time with steeply pitched, tiled roofs, decorated chimneys and casement windows.

Sutton Garden Suburb, typical street and layout from the cottage garden style estate.

Example of typical cottage style housing found in Sutton Garden Suburb, showing extensive open space, tiled roofs and decorated chimneys

8.20 On a larger scale the St Helier Estate was designed by

London County Council architects to meet London’s mass housing needs. One of its main features is the integral network of open spaces. Another feature is the soft enclosure of the privet hedges and trees on each corner, originally a part of the estates ‘corner greens’.

8.21 Current issues:

• Permitted Development Rights have resulted in unsympathetic alterations to houses, such as pebbledashing, construction of front porches and changes to fenestration using different design and materials, including uPVC; and

• Loss of the original landscape design of estates due to cost of maintenance (such as rose beds on corner plots being transferred into private


ownership) and increase in car ownership (such as parking on verges).

Post War housing up to 1970 8.22 Private houses built during this period are few and

scattered throughout the Borough often on small infill sites. These properties are generally two storey semi detached or terraced houses with small private gardens. Architecturally the houses are usually unadorned brick built rectangles.

The post war rectangular terraced houses with small private gardens and larger communal open space, from Langcroft Close, Carshalton

8.23 Furthermore, during this period there were significant

developments in social housing notably the Roundshaw Estate on the western edge of the former Croydon airport site. The Roundshaw area has since been significantly redeveloped as part of a regeneration programme and the estate now has the nationally recognised Phoenix Centre development.

Example of large regeneration scheme involving many new post War terrace houses on the Roundshaw Estate

Roundshaw, where the site area is large enough to create its own character


8.24 Current issues: • The earlier estates suffer from homogenous

development and lack of a positive identity; • Large estates that do not contribute to creating


mixed communities and mix of uses, for example Durand Close;

• Poor quality and maintenance of the public space and often a lack of distinction between public and private realm;

• Infill development is often unsympathetic to the local character; and

• Architectural design is often of limited quality.

Recent housing 1970 to present 8.25 Development during this period falls into three different

categories: 1. New flats that replace large detached houses and

villas in the Victorian / Edwardian residential areas of Sutton and Wallington;

2. Small infill development; and 3. Part of a large redevelopment usually of a brown

field site. 8.26 Many of the flats built during the 1970s and 1980s are

characterised by three and four storey blocks set in grounds that are usually well landscaped or set in grassland. The earlier developments from this period are often not responsive to their context and therefore result in a contrast that is discordant with the area. More recently, modern flatted development is generally being built to a higher standard with a greater understanding of the existing design context and often with an innovative design concept.

Lavender Court, a typical example of recent flat development on Cavendish Road, near Sutton town centre

Lavender Court, recent flat development near Sutton town centre


8.27 Small infill schemes are often designed on constrained sites that dictate their layout. This includes typically short or branching streets and often houses that are grouped together around shared parking areas. An example of this is Oakdene Mews, off Ash Road.


Typical example of small infill development, from Oakdene Mews off Ash Road

New infill development at Oakdene Mews, of short branched streets and houses grouped around shared spaces

8.28 On certain larger sites, which are divorced from the surrounding character by the existing layout or areas with little character, have benefited from the opportunity to create new places with its own distinctive character.

An example of this is the Hamptons at the former Worcester Park Sewage Treatment Works site. Furthermore, these large-scale redevelopment sites have allowed the opportunity for innovative and environmentally sustainable development schemes, such as BEDZED in Hackbridge.

Large scale new development at BEDZED

Style, layout and materials of BEDZED create interesting and distinctive character




8.29 Current issues: • The layouts are dominated by over engineered

roads with little character; • Cul-de-sacs are characteristic of this era of

development resulting in limited permeability and greater dependency on the car;

• Comprise of blocks of flats not responsive in scale or architecture to the local vernacular;

• Garage blocks separate development reducing natural surveillance and disrupt continuous street frontages, with little integration into the overall urban grain; and

• Infill development is often unsympathetic to the local character (plots of 70’s town houses next to Victorian detached house).

Low-density housing 8.30 Development of this character type is concentrated in

the southern half of the borough and was mainly built during the interwar period. The houses are usually detached with large plot sizes. Several of the areas are adjacent to the Green Belt, for example the Drive in South Cheam and Pine Walk in Carshalton Beeches. Others enclose large open spaces such as Carshalton Park or Great Woodcote Park.

Pine Walk comprising of large detached houses on large plots located close to the Metropolitan Green Belt

8.31 These lower density areas are generally loosely structured with a less regimented arrangement of buildings. However, the variation in individual properties makes less of an impact, than for example other character types, as the low density results in the architectural form being less significant on the street scene and the extensive landscaping of the boundaries. It should also be noted that housing density in this area is well below the government’s prescribed density ranges set out in Planning Policy Statement 3. Furthermore, the character of these areas is predominantly defined by the significant and mature landscaping within the gardens, the verge planting and associated open spaces.


Typical example of low density housing, from the Drive

The Drive with elaborate detached houses on large plots with extensive landscaping

8.32 Current issues:

• Intensification of plots leading to the loss of visual gaps and dominant landscaping between buildings;

• Whilst architectural style is often not cohesive the palette of materials is. Often new development

imposes a style such as Neo-Georgian Architectural porches which introduces a different palette of materials and is therefore discordant with the existing character of the area; and

• Dominance of building to plot ratio in new development changes the character of the area.

Town Centres 8.33 The borough’s retail centres all have differing

characters reflecting the periods of their predominant growth, including older village centres (Carshalton/Cheam), Victorian centres (Wallington/Belmont), 1930’s retail centres (North Cheam/Stonecot/Rosehill) and centres which have experienced considerable modern development (Sutton). The following section considers, in greater detail, the key elements that define the character of several retail centres. Further townscape character information for Sutton Town Centre is available in:


• The Development Framework for Sutton Station and Adjacent Land, produced by London Borough of Sutton (2005); • The North Sutton (Angels End) Study by Atkins and CB Hillier Parker 2004; and • The Sutton Town Centre Urban Design Analysis by Urban Practitioners (2007).

8.34 The Carshalton Village Conservation Area Character

Appraisal (2007) undertaken by the Council sets out an analysis for this District Centre.

8.35 Additional information is reflected in the descriptions


below.

Sutton metropolitan centre 8.36 Sutton High Street, which is two thirds pedestrianised,

forms the backbone to Sutton Town Centre, the borough’s only metropolitan retail centre. This pedestrianised area, interspersed with various squares, contributes to civic spaces, which is in parts, attractive and active.

Sutton High Street with vibrant pedestrian areas and entrances to the Time Square and St Nicholas shopping centres off the High Street

8.37 The Sutton Town Centre Urban Design Analysis

identifies three broad character areas: North; Central; and South – each of which has distinct contextual issues and constraints.

8.38 The linear layout of the centre makes accessibility

difficult, especially with the main train station located towards the southern end of the centre. This opportunity to public transport has also resulted in the

majority of redevelopment occurring near the southern portion. East-west connections between the town centre and its residential hinterland are not always welcoming and clear.

Linear layout of Sutton Town Centre


8.39 Sutton Town Centre does not have a clear urban character, however there are several good examples of Victorian and Edwardian retail frontages. However some recent architecture is of poor quality and has not taken opportunities for integration within the wider townscape or to make improvements to character.


Unattractive pedestrian environment caused by treatment of the changes in level and amount of hard landscaping

8.40 Much of the recent re-development in the town centre has seen the introduction of shopping malls located off the high Street, with entrance pavilions onto the High Street. An example of this is Times Square with its imposing red brick and stone finish.

The entrance to Times Square shopping centre

8.41 The South Sutton Character Area is in an elevated position and is characterised both north and south of the station by a number of existing tall office buildings

of relatively poor quality. In contrast to this there is a small-scale parade of shops opposite the station entrance.

Carshalton village centre8.42 Carshalton Town Centre is a village retail centre wholly

within the Carshalton Conservation Area that is characterised by extensive open space. However, the A232 dominates the High Street and heavy traffic detracts from its character.

Carshalton High Street with very dominant vehicle usage detracting from the character of the conservation area

8.43 There are several decorative Victorian shopfronts remaining along the High Street. However, the majority of the remaining retail units, from around the 1930’s, comprise of shopfronts with various finishes or signage that alter heights and depths detracting from the original façade.


Decorative shopfront in Carshalton High Street

8.44 The historical village ‘feel’ of Carshalton, discussed in previous sections, is successfully protected from new development. However, certain aspects of 1960’s development, such as the introduction of concrete walkways, have negatively impacted the character of the area, such as Breacon Grove.

Breacon Grove with hard paving and blank frontages

does little to reflect the conservation area designation of Carshalton

Cheam village centre8.45 Cheam village originates at the intersection of Maldon

Road and Ewell Road, in the Cheam Village Conservation Area. The main shopping areas comprise of a historic village character and the majority of the shops are decorated with Tudor and mock Tudor timber detailing and leaded-light windows. However, the parade at the Broadway from Whitehall onwards comprises of earlier white weatherboard.

Mock Tudor retail units in Cheam Village


White weatherboard property in Cheam Village, in close proximity to Whitehall

8.46 Further techniques and materials of the Cheam village

retail area include white rendering, black timber detailing with black leaded light windows, where the shopfronts are set back from the road on raised pavements with grass verges and mature trees.

8.47 Several three storey neo-Georgian retail units still exist,

however a more recent development along Ewell Road east, protrudes from the existing building line and is finished in red-brick that is not in keeping with character of the area.

Wallington district centre8.48 Wallington district centre predominantly comprises of

Victorian terraces with nondescript retail on the ground floors. Woodcote Road is a busy road that runs through the distinct centre and therefore acts as a barrier between both sides of the street.

Wallington town centre comprising of Victorian buildings with nondescript shops below, and the busy Woodcote Road dominating the centre and segregating pedestrian movement

8.49 The Sainsbury’s development, including the pedestrian

square (Wallington Square), does very little to improve the character of the area, with various negative aspects, such as lack of active frontages, buildings not in keeping with the Victorian character, dark covered areas, car parking located to the front of the site, changes in levels, planting / street furniture and poor pedestrian and cycle environment, especially at night.


Wallington Square with buildings above cause dark and unwelcoming urban environments

The blank frontages of the Sainsbury’s building and parking located to the front of the site does not make the most of the opportunities available for improving that strategic site in the town centre

The new development in the foreground does very little to respect the Victorian properties in the background, along Woodcote Road, Wallington

North Cheam 1930’s retail centre8.50 The focus of North Cheam retail centre is Queen

Victoria junction with solid red brick two and three storey apartments above shop frontages on three corners. The other corner, a landmark feature, consists of a newer 1960’s concrete building that detracts from this character.


The character of Queen Victoria junction, in North Cheam, is solid red brick two and three storey apartments above shops, on three corners

This landmark development on the remaining corner of Queen Victoria junction, North Cheam, does little to respect the character of the area

8.51 Several properties along London Road are of an

intimate scale of mostly single storey frontages above shops. These consist of tiled pitched roofs and half timbered effect fronts with bay windows, together with

gabled fronts, setting a pattern along the line of frontages jutting out form the main roof line.

Hackbridge retail centre8.52 The Hackbridge retail centre comprises of a mixture of

uses, including some retail, industrial and offices. The area suffers from a lack of clear identify, mostly attributed to the quality and quantity of metal sheds, industrial uses, vacant sites and a plethora of advertising boards.

Hackbridge suffers from a lack of clear identity with vacant sites and vast amounts of advertising boards

8.53 The quality of buildings and frontages in the area

makes various contributions to the character, such as Hexagon House with a positive impact on the character and the Bath Store. However, the now demolished Kimpton House did little to create an identity for Hackbridge. The area has large amounts of concrete paving, few trees and lacks maintenance.


8.54 Generally, the current issues with all the Town Centres include: • Large unsympathetic post Second World War

development conflicting with scale, form and grain of Victorian terraces;

• Character eroded by poorly designed shop fronts and fascia boards;

• Dominance of traffic and car parking, such as is visible in Wallington town centre;

• Development with inappropriate blank façades reducing vibrancy, natural surveillance and opportunities to expand the retail offer;

• Use of poorly designed security grills; • Insufficient creative use and poor maintenance of

public realm; • Unattractive pedestrian environment; and • Lack of respect to natural landscaping features,

such as the Wandle and other open space that may become a visual focus or improved pedestrian movement.

Planting beds in North Cheam do little to create an attractive public realm space, with considerable clutter, lack of useable space and vehicle dominance


Documents

SIX - London Borough of Sutton 2... · 2015. 5. 22. · UNDERSTANDING SUTTON’S LOCAL DISTINCTIVENESS: CHARACTERISATION REPORT OF STUDIES PAGE 28 railway line Movement Introduction