Situational Analysis of in Takhar and Badakhshan … Analysis of ... To meet this huge demand, ... (like in market yards, damaged houses etc.) in these seven villages of Takhar and

Families using different mechanism (cardboards) to protect the tents From extreme weather conditions in Khaja Khairab Photo:

Children are engaged in fletching drinking water from far away springs and streams (Photo: Vijay Raghavan)

Report developed by

Concern Worldwide with the support Irish Aid funded Humanitarian Response Project in Afghanistan

Situational Analysis of vulnerable conditions in emergency shelters in Takhar and Badakhshan Provinces

Pre-winter reassessmentReport

August 2014

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Household Vulnerability conditions in Emergency Shelters in Takhar and Badakhshan Provinces

1. CONTEXT

Concern Worldwide along with International Organization for Migration, UNHCR and Shelter Cluster has undertaken a joint assessment of the situation of shelters in the severely affected communities due to landslides and floods. This assessment report was part of the shelter cluster’s presentation to the Honorable Deputy Minister for Rehabilitation and Rural Development on 6th April 2014. The meeting outcomes was that, it recognizes about more than 8,000 families who are severely affected by floods and landslides and their houses are completely destroyed (considered as Category A) and there is about more than 7,000 families need shelter support before this winter. The existing approach of the MRRD and the Shelter cluster envisaged in its Shelter Strategy have limitations includes, availability of funding, very little time and huge demand for shelters.

To meet this huge demand, there is need for exploring other shelter options for these communities. The study report of Concern which has come out with different shelter options can be further explored with the affected communities across the flood affected areas by Shelter Cluster partners and IOM to get exact case load for different shelter options. The meeting also endorsed the need for transitory shelter options with minimum standards and basic foundations. It has concluded with request to have a detailed reassessment of the situation in the flood and landslide affected villages in North and North-east Afghanistan.

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Assessed villages in Takhar and Badakhshan Provinces

Concern Worldwide did carried out this re-assessment but decided to do an in-depth analysis of the families living in camp like situations and with host families in the relocated sites and in their original villages. Thus, the re-assessment to understand the vulnerability situations in these emergency shelters in relocated sites and various shelter options were explored. The assessment was carried out with all the affected families in six severely affected communities, where Concern Worldwide has been engaging since their displacement due to landslides and flash floods. Concern Worldwide is closely monitoring the internally displaced persons in 8 villages in Takhar and Badakhshan provinces since mid-April 2014. This assessment didn’t cover the worst affected landslide village, Abb-e-Bareek in Argo district of Badakhshan due to the Government is coming up with a separate response plan to the village. Thus, out of 857 totally displaced and severely affected families in 8 villages, the assessment was carried out with 483 families of six villages, covering all the affected families in these relocated places.

S. No.

Name of the villages Name of the camp site No. of Families

1 Darai Show, Eshkamesh district, Takhar

Aq Para area of Eshkamesh, but many have relocated in Awraw/Kandak ; Chaman-e-Mula Wazir and Nawabad e shir localities of Eshkamesh town

126

2 Dahane Shera, Eshkamesh district, Takhar

86

3 Khaja Khairab, Rushtaq district, Takhar

Kocha Bridge in Dashteqala dist. and Khaja Khairab village

118

4 Kuzur, Argu District, Badakhshan

In the farm fields and open areas nearer to Kuzur village

46

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5 Nawabad Kakan, Argu District, Badakhshan

Living with host families and tents installed nearer to their destroyed houses

11

6 Eshkeshan (Argu District, Badakhshan)

7 Aijil, Yawan district, Badakhshan

Outside of Aijil village and Jangal area 37 have moved out of the village and about 86 families are living in outskirts of the village

With that in mind, this assessment aims to address the issue of winterization by providing optimum deliverable solutions to the majority camp population, i.e. refugees spending their winter in the current tents. The solutions proposed are an outcome of the analysis of:

The climate pattern in NE Afghanistan (where ever possible secondary data was obtained and in other cases, used the Kabul weather details for this report)

A rapid site analysis of the services provided, and The current situation of the IDPs, their shelter conditions, their belongings and the aid they

have received 2. METHODOLOGY

The assessment covered all the families living in emergency shelters, living with host families and other locations (like in market yards, damaged houses etc.) in these seven villages of Takhar and Badakhshan. During the assessment findings, the 11 families living Nawabad Kakan village are living with host families and beside their damaged houses are not considered for the assessment as they are falling under Category B for shelter response. Thus, the analysis for the assessment covers 483 families who are severely affected in six villages in Takhar and Badakhshan provinces. Household Questionnaire was used for understand their risks, vulnerabilities and living conditions in the current shelters and identification of shelter needs. Focus Group Discussions at community level were held on WASH, Health and Food Security situation in all the villages assessed. Focus Group Discussion and observation was made by the technical team visited in relocated camp sites/identified land site for relocation/building shelters. The later was done by technical engineers using a check list. Whereas, for other assessments, both at the community level and household level a designed questionnaire was used. All the formats used for the assessment are enclosed in Annexure 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.

The assessment teams were oriented by the Monitoring and Evaluation Coordinator, Senior Programme Coordinator and Head of Technical /Engineering Department. Location wise assessment team list are.

S. No. Name of the villages

Name of the camp site Date(s) of Assessment

Team Members involved

1 Darai Show (Eshkamesh)

Aqpara area of Eshkamesh, but many have relocated in

10.08.2014 11.08.2014 12.08.2014

1. Asia Jan 2. Alia Jan 3. Lina Jan

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2 Dahane Shera (Eshkamesh)

Awraw/Kandak ; Chaman-e-Mula Wazir and Nawabad e shir localities of Eshkamesh town

17.08.2014 18.08.2014

4. Bahrullehsan 5. Jaj Shah Mohammad 6. En. Suhrab 7. Arif Salangi 8. En. Wais

3 Khaja Khairab (Rustaq)

Kocha Bridge in Dashteqala dist. and Khaja Khairab village

6th – 7th August 10th August 2014

WALI JAN, AHMAD JAN, SAYEED JAWEED, HOWAIDA JAN, JAMILA JAN, LAMIA JAN,AB RAOF

4 Eshkeshan (Argu)

Living near by the village and in farms

9th -10th August Monib, Eng Fridoon, Laila , Arefa and Bsimillah

5 Kuzur (Argu) 6 Nawabad-

Kakan (Argu) 7 Aijil (Yawan) Outside of Aijil village and

Jangal area 09.08.2014 10.08.214

Waris, Eng Murad , Eng Najeeb, Massoda and Masomullah

3. Demographic Profile

A reliable estimate of the total population size including age and gender distribution is important for planning the response. This information helps,

To be aware of the true population at risk including that of host population. To be aware of the estimated amount of basic needs required (food, water, shelter, health

resources etc). To be able to have a consensus for supporting response plans by the host families,

government agencies and donors. To have this information which can act as baseline information for programme monitoring

and evaluations To plan long-term solutions including contingencies and future mitigations.

The overall population in these sites is 3,380 from 483 families, with an approximately 7 persons per family

Sl.No.

Name of the village

Total number of families assessed

No. of women headed families assessed

No. of Family Members

Any new born (one month old)

Infants (less than 1 year)

Pregnant Woman in the family

B G B G

1 Khaja Khairab 118 1 791 5 4 28 11 19 2 Eshkamesh

IDP camp 212 0 1491 27 11 115 2 60

3 Eshkeshan 29 0 220 3 3 5 0 15 4 Nawabad 13 0 82 1 0 3 2 4 5 Kuzur 42 2 306 2 0 9 9 16 6 Aijil 69 12 490 3 3 18 7 16 Total 483 15 3380 41 21 178 31 130

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The demographic features of these camps are as follows:

28 % are children < 5 Yrs. (with about 271 < 1 year) 29% are children < 18 yrs. 41% are adults < 60 yrs. 2% are elderly > 60 yrs. and about 1.5% are persons with disability (including war-related

disabilities) 8.02% of the population is Infants (271 in real number) out of which 62 are less than one

month old (at the time of assessment). About 55% of the families have reported to have infants living in their shelters. About 16% of the families assessed have new born children at the time of the assessment (less than 4 weeks).

34% of the families assessed have pregnant women (130 pregnant women, with highest in Eshkamesh camp of 46%).

With the onset of winter just couple of months away, there is need for safeguard the lives of these vulnerable families with high infants and pregnant families living in these temporary shelters.

4. Type of Shelter Though, temporary shelters constitute a crucial step of recovery and reconstruction in the post-disaster aftermath. The plans for executing reconstruction and rehabilitation phases to incubate the affected population from the onset of the disaster until permanent housing solutions are available. This area of study likes to know how the affected communities have chosen their shelter options at the time of the assessment. In April and May, Concern, ANDMA, UNHCR and other NGOs have provided temporary shelter solutions to these affected communities. However, due to extreme weather conditions, poor service provisions and neglect of aid agencies to respond to the needs of these communities, forced them to adapt different shelter options. They have their livelihood activity (mostly related to harvest, but still live in make shift /tents).

The highest number of families living in tents is from Khaja Khairab, Rushtaq are living in tents, i.e. 111 out of 118 families and in Eshkeshem camp location, and about 140 out of 212 are living in tents in the identified relocation sites. The assessment discussed the options people followed immediately after the disaster for shelters are based on the following priorities.

To remain as close as possible to their damaged or ruined homes and their means of livelihoods

To move temporarily into the homes of families or friends (host families) To improvise temporary shelters as close as possible to the site of their ruined homes (These

shelters frequently evolve into rebuilt houses) To occupy buildings which have been temporarily requisitioned To occupy tents erected in, or next to, their ruined homes To occupy emergency shelters provided by external agencies To occupy tents on camp sites To be evacuated to distant locations (compulsory evacuation).

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The study instrument found out that still 75% of the affected families stay in the tents. They go to their village or neighborhood villages for livelihood work and return back to the shelter in the nights. About 14% of the families shared that they are living with host families. About 7% have other options like staying in tents attached to a damaged building or in their villages where Sl.No.

Name of the village


Type of Shelter (write the option)

a. Living in rental private house

believing with host families (rental) in a room

Calving with host families/relatives (no rent

delving in unfinished building

e. Living collectively with other families in centres (shops etc)

f. Living in Animal barn / sheds

g. Tent h. Others (please specify)

1 Khaja Khairab

118 1 1 111 5

2 Eshkamesh IDP camp

212 1 3 49 3 0 1 140 14

3 Eshkeshan 29 0 2 9 0 0 0 13 4 4 Nawabad 13 4 1 8 5 Kuzur 42 1 1 6 2 23 9 6 Aijil 69 1 68 Total 483 2 6 70 6 0 2 363 32 Payment made for those who rented their houses,

- 84% of the people living in rental houses have shared that they paid rental in form of cash. The cash is paid from their earnings from their daily wage labour work in the district centres.

- 5% have informed that they pay rental from their crops or exchange of animal/livestock - 11% have informed that they paid cash from the humanitarian aid they have received (either

in cash or kind) - The average rental paid is 4,000 Afs per month i.e. approximately 72 USD.

0%

1%

14%

1%

0%

0%

75%

7%

Rental Private House

Rental with host families

With host families (no Rent)

In unfinished building

collectively in building

Animal barn / sheds

Tent

Others

Type of shelter (in %)

Series1

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Temporary shelters provided Yawan for Aijil landslide threat evacuated families Photo:

5. Conditions of living in the shelters

The communities have mentioned that the shelters are meant for the following key functions.

Protection against cold, heat, wind and rain Storage of belongings and protection of property, food and other essential items Provides an opportunity to recoup from the shocks and restore their lost livelihoods Emotional security and also need for privacy Location to access relief and services

1- Khaja Khairab, 2- Eshkamesh IDP camp, 3- Eshkeshan, 4- Nawabad, 5 – Kuzur and 6- Aijil

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

% of responses on the current living conditions

Living space conditions Living in crowded space

Living space conditions Live with animals and stocks together

Living space conditions Feel the space don't protect from weather

Living space conditions Insecure for women and girls

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Sl. No.

Name of the village


Living space conditions (no) Living in adequate space

Living in crowded space

Live with animals and stocks together

Feel the space don't protect from weather

Insecure for women and girls

1 Khaja Khairab 118 89 80 33 103 78 2 Eshkamesh IDP

camp 212 165 25 44 70 70

3 Eshkeshan 29 19 4 1 9 1 4 Nawabad 13 11 3 1 5 0 5 Kuzur 42 31 10 2 10 1 6 Aijil 69 67 57 36 2 20 483 382 179 117 199 170

Overall, 39% of the responders have mentioned that the living camp sites of overcrowded. However, 79% responders mentioned that the space provided in the camp sites is adequate. 39% informed that the space don’t protect from extreme weather conditions. 24% mentioned of the place is not safe for girls and women. The IDP camp sites of Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh have more issues concerning the safety of women and girls in the camp site.

6. Density of Population living in a tent & make shift tent

The more number of people living in a tent can cause more harm especially in spread of contiguous diseases in the camp sites. The humanitarian response of Concern, UNHCR and ANDMA has taken care in most of the cases to provide adequate space and tents to suite the families and the needs. However, about 36% of the families still have inadequate space and more than 7 persons are living in the tents.

Sl.No. Name of the village Population density in one room/tent in %

a. Less than 5 b. 5-7 c. More than 7

1 Khaja Khairab 39 30 31 2 Eshkamesh IDP camp 37 40 24 3 Eshkeshan 28 17 55 4 Nawabad 23 54 23 5 Kuzur 24 31 45 6 Aijil 32 32 36

Overall % 30 34 36

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In Eshkamesh camp site, Bibi, widow of Taja Khan mentioned, in agony that,” why the government took me away from Dahane Shera to this place. I have no tent, no spare clothes, no food and no water. How can I am expected live here longer?” Bibi’s two sons have migrated to Iran and are not supporting her. She thus lived with her daughter and son-in-law. Her daughter, Hawa Gul and Abdul Qaliq, son-in-law have 10 children. They were provided with a tent which is livable for about 5 only.

7. Risk Factors

In Eshkamesh camp site, the fear of eviction from Aq Para camp site exists from the day one of their movement to the location. The flood victims of Dahane Shera and Darai Show were relocated to the same location about three years back, but they were evicted by the military personnel as the land belongs to the defense forces. This constant fear of eviction, the inadequate supply of water, poor sanitation facilities, high incidence of diseases and extreme weather made them to abandon the camp site and moved to dispersed to Abraw/Kandak, Shera Che and Quslaq Sabiq Shari Kona with host families, few in rented accommodation, few others shifted their tents in the open spaces provided by the local merchants/traders and few others moved back to the village to live in the tents.

In Aijil and Khaja Khairab, the fear of landslides made them not to return to their village and continued to stay in the camp site and live in tents. Households were asked what was stopping him from returning to their homes. 75% of them have mentioned that their houses are damaged fully; livelihood assets like land, gardens and animals/livestock have lost. With exception to Dahane

30%

34%

36%

Persons living in one single tent (in %)

Population density in oneroom/tent in % a. Less than 5

Population density in oneroom/tent in % b. 5-7

Population density in oneroom/tent in % c. More than 7

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Shera and Dahane Show, rest of the camp sites, men and women in the day time return back to their lands which are located nearby for harvesting and continue their livelihood interventions. Whereas the Eshkamesh camp site, most of the men work as wage labour in the district centre and nearby agriculture fields for harvest related works.

Sl.No.

Name of the village


Risk factors (%) Weather conditions

Soil conditions

Drainage contamination

Infrastructure condition

Disposal from the house

Others (please specify)

1 Khaja Khairab

118 99 76 7 14 2 30


212 87 58 61 75 45 25

3 Eshkeshan 29 83 93 55 38 21 0 4 Nawabad 13 77 69 38 38 0 0 5 Kuzur 42 79 62 48 26 0 14 6 Aijil 69 67 74 28 70 19 10

In the camp sites, the extreme weather conditions were cited as the risk factor for the inhabitants. The July-August period is summer period in North-East Afghanistan. Along with extreme heat, dust and heat waves create problem for people living in open spaces. The poor waste disposal and poor sanitation conditions were reported by Eshkamesh and other camp sites in comparison to Khaja Khairab. In the later case, there were adequate number of latrines and bath facilities provided by the NGOs, whereas in other sites, there is no such facilities exist.

The other risk factors which were reported by exclusively by Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh camp sites are,

Poisonous creatures, creepers, snakes, scorpions theft of tent

82

72

39

44

14

13

0 20 40 60 80 100

Weather conditions

Soil conditions

Drainage contamination

Infrastructure condition

Disposal from the house

Others (please specify)

Series1

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loss of tent (holes) very small and inadequate tents High incidence of diahorea, mosquito bites, insect bites, cold, high fever

8. Reasons for staying outside the tents or leaving the camp sites

Except Aijil, where the government and ANDMA have shifted them from their village to different locations near Jangal area of Yawan district in threat of landslides, the other communities were living in the camp sites since they were relocated either by the government or by self since the disaster.

Villages Date Moved to By Current Location

Khaja Khairab 14th April 2014

Kokcha Bridge, Dashteqala district Government

Continue to stay in the same location

Dahane Show and Darai Shera 3rd May 2014

Aq Para Camp site, near Eshkamesh District Centre Government

Moved to different villages around Eshkamesh district centre and about 12 returning back to village but have purchased land near Eshkamesh (will return back)

Eshkeshan 2nd May 2014 Road side/in their farm fields Self

Staying near road side and open spaces near to the village

Nawabad 2nd May 2014 Road side/in their farm fields Self

Returned back to their village and living in tents adjacent to their damaged houses/ with host families

Kuzur 2nd May 2014 Road side/in their farm fields Self

Staying near road side and open spaces near to the village

Aijil 6th August 2014

Jangal Area/ outskirts of Aijil Government/Self

22 families have rebuilt their houses near the market place, about 69 are living in tents of the relocated sites

People have adapted different coping mechanisms in the camp sites. During the day time, they live out in the shade or created small makeshift tents using local materials and kept all their household essentials in the tents. Only during night, women and children are sleep inside the tents and men sleep out in open. The extreme heat and winds makes the tents inhabitable during day time. Poor services from the government especially in provision of drinking water, running health camps and food aid were identified as factors for leaving the camp.

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In percentages Reasons for staying Outside the camp Sl. No.

Name of the village


Bad conditions in the camp

No basic services provisioned

In secure due to weather, location

Security threats/ Unsafe

Abuse by authorities and others

Gender based violence

Others (specify)

1 Khaja Khairab

118 54 65 61 59 6 47


212 77 99 91 42 7 35 9

3 Eshkeshan 29 48 45 7 3 0 4 Nawabad 13 38 54 15 5 Kuzur 42 40 57 52 12 2 10 6 Aijil 69 81 7 71 16 3 3

In Eshkamesh camp site, the poor services provisioning (91%), extreme weather conditions (99%), poor conditions (99%), unsafe and threats (42%) and about 35% reporting violence against women are the reasons for shifting down to different locations in Eshkamesh and abandoning the Aq Para camp on 17th July 2014. The Khaja Khairab communities living in Kokcha bridge site, mentioned that, the unsafe tents without access to basic services including food, water, proper shelter and sanitation facilities adds up to the mental trauma of the people.

Women find it very difficult in day time and only defecate at nights. Both in Aq Para and Kokcha bridge sites, women and girls have mentioned that, they are in fear of scorpions and snake bites in the night while they go out for defecation. The environmental hygiene and sanitation is very poor in the emergency shelter sites. Increased domestic workload to secure food, increased number of women headed households and increased pressure on women to collect dry wood and fuel. Even in such traditional society and restrictive norms, still women are often seen to take on new roles and responsibilities in the post-disaster. About 47% and 35% of the responders of Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh camp site have mentioned the gender related protection issues as risk factor of staying in these temporary shelters.

9. Access to Land and shelter construction

86% of the families are willing to shift to transitory or durable permanent shelters in the new locations which enables them to access their livelihood options and nearer to their old village. 54% of Eshkamesh camp site have mentioned that they don’t have adequate money for contributing to shelter construction as they have spent most of their incomes, relief provided by philanthropic individuals and even sold their assets for purchase of land. The government’s failure to provision lands to these families is the major hurdle in shelter construction. At the time of survey closure, the land related issue was one of the major concern, with 75% have mentioned of no land availability. However, the communities themselves or with the support of the government, the either purchased or are under verification in Takhar province and Aijil village of Badakhshan province.

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Sl.No. Name of the village Land for building permanent/transitory shelter Families assessed

Land is purchased and have legal document

Land is purchased but no legal document but community assurance exists

Land is identified but not allocated/cannot afford to buy it.

Land is not available

1 Khaja Khairab 83 4 46 51 2 Eshkamesh IDP camp 145 59 5 10 28 3 Eshkeshan 29 3 3 93 4 Nawabad 13 8 92 5 Kuzur 42 5 0 9 86 6 Aijil 69 3 97 381 68 8 78 447

It was only on 19th August, the Provincial Government of Badakhshan has announced to allocate land for 126 assessed families in the new Abb-e-Bareek relocation site. Badakhshan officials are negotiating with different land owners in Yawan and Faizabad to provision land for 69 families living in the tents of Aijil as well. In Takhar, the three locations chosen by the District Governor but documentation process have not been finalized. However, the village elders have mentioned that, in case the government does not provide land, the 212 families are willing/ in the process of buying land nearer

Eshkamesh in Abraw and Shera Che areas. At any cost they would not be back in Darai Show/Dahane Shera and sought assistance needed to build shelters. Takhar Governor offered land at LAS site in Baharak (which had proved unsuitable for returnee 5 years ago) and near to Taloqan town 50 km from their village. The distance from land and other livelihood assets, and no livelihood plan made this unacceptable. The allocation plan of government land in Dashti Qala was considered but “powerful locals did not accept to allocate land near to their current (Kocha Bridge) location”. The community elders are negotiating with local land owners to sell land for shelter construction near to the existing camp site. Currently, Concern and the provincial government officials, including RRD and town planning department are reviewing the land documents produced by Eshkamesh and Khaja Khairab communities.

10. Shelter Options and Winterisation priorities

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The majority of 84% have mentioned of permanent shelter as a solution for their safety and security. However, the land purchase is emerging as major option for the affected communities across the six shelter locations (7 villages). People also prefer to stay in Tents but need weather (extreme winter) proof transitory shelters rather than living in the current tents. Few of the households have suggested staying with relatives or friends on rental basis.

Name of the village

The shelter /non-shelter options people suggest Those having land

Those who are purchasing Land

Those who are expecting govt. to allocate land

Living with host families (relatives) for free

Living in rental houses

Living in rooms (for partial rent of host families)

Living in community land/ property

Living in unfinished houses

Living in tents

Khaja Khairab

40 8 16 0 10 4 30

Eshkamesh IDP camp

5 1 27 2 4 3 2 4 17

Eshkeshan 0 7 55 0 14 0 10 0 21 Nawabad 0 8 46 15 15 0 46 Kuzur 2 7 48 10 19 0 12 5 36 Aijil 10 3 57 4 9 6 4 9 36 Since the April/May landslides and floods in May 2014, housing solution to help families leave camps have fallen broadly speaking into four categories

3 4 45

7

1316

4

31

01020304050

Those having land

Those who arepurchasing Land

Those who areexpecting govt. to…

Living with hostfamilies (relatives)…

Living in rentalhouses

Living in rooms (forpartial rent of host…

Living in communityland/ property

Living in unfinishedhouses

Living in tents

Shelter options (%)

Series1

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- Transitional Shelters: Keeping in view of the seasonality and pro-long winters and the short duration left, this was by far the most common housing solution provided.

- Repairs to existing damaged houses: Repairing to the damaged houses provided technically complex, as the affected families fear of reoccurrence of floods /landslides would place them at high risk. Necessary protective measures are to be taken while repairing existing damaged houses and retrofitting them. This option is not accepted by the affected families. The option of having additional room construction in host families was also not acceptable to the affected families.

- Permanent Housing Construction: In Argu district, the houses are so badly damaged that they were in need of demolition. Again construction in situ was not encouraged by the communities in fear of the reoccurrence of landslides and flash floods. The allocation of land either by the government or by the families themselves is taking longer period. The displaced families in the case of Khaja Khairab, Dahane Shera and Darai Show in Takhar province and Aijil in Yawan district of Badakhshan are living in a camp like situation. Permanent solutions for these internally displaced persons are getting delayed due to unclear land allocation and poor services delivered either by NGOs or Government.

- Rental support through cash transfers: Supporting families by offering them the chance to rent a safe house of their choice in the neighbourhood of their choice. This approach can take several forms which fall into one of the three categories.

o Families who entered into a formal rental agreement with a house owners.(majority of cases)

o Families who moved in with a host family (relative/friend). The financial assistance has been broadly termed rent. The assistance will be re-assessed and informal agreement can be explored in the case of the family has moved to their parents’ home

o The families who moved out of the camps to live in different towns and surrounding villages will receive the funds to rent or moved in with a host family at their chosen destination.

The support of cash for rental option for Badakhshan has emerged due to the following reasons: - The reconstruction support for these affected families would be longer process. The options

for transitory and permanent shelters are difficult at the moment as there are no clear land titles and allocations made. In addition, the construction of transitory and permanent shelters will take longer duration and is not feasible with the shortage of time and the winter fast approaching. Primarily the rental option provides an opportunity for the affected families to choose where to stay and continue their livelihood options rather than get displaced and engulf into negative coping strategies due to loss of livelihoods.

Transitory Shelter Options for Takhar Province - 194 families out of 212 families have already purchased land and the land titles and transfers

are confirmed by the Provincial Government authorities. The single room and double room shelters based on the size of the family will be worked out. The rest of 18 families are in process of identification of land and find ways to purchase them. This will be taking couple of weeks but will be feasible within the project implementation period.

- 118 families of Khaja Khairab living in Dashteqala (near Kokcha Bridge) area are yet to access land. They are exploring two options, one is the current land purchase by the community

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and the government is in its final stages and it is expected that the land allocation will be made in couple of weeks’ time, before the implementation of the project. In case of failure to get the deal on land, the current location belongs to the government and it can be lobbied with the government to allow tenure rights for one to two years for the communities to stay in the same location and built transitory shelters or till some permanent solutions are met.

While discussing the shelter options, the communities were consulted to understand their traditional customs and practices in building their shelters/homes. Traditional construction standards have one room for the parents and another room for the children. If some of the people have more resources, they build one extra room for young girls of the family, so that they will provide separate rooms for boys and girls. The bathroom and latrine are not priority for them in their traditional homes and they have used to defecate in the open area and taken bath in animal stables or even open space. However, in the interviews undertaken in the camp sites, the latrines have emerged as the major need, especially for women and girls. The fear of insect bites, snakes and scorpions in the dark and lack of privacy during day, women and girls have shown their concern. Though the communities desire to have permanent and durable shelters with two rooms with a kitchen, latrine and bathroom, but due to constrains in resources, they have agreed for one room shelter. People have mentioned that they would construct kitchen and bath facilities on their own after the construction of one room shelter. The traditional construction model has no deep foundations. They don’t have a foundation of stone masonry and most of the houses have soil mud foundations and the super structure is from sundried bricks. The roofing is straw mud roofing. The height of the buildings doesn’t exceed 2.5m, and the width of the rooms is not more than 3 m. They normally put less opening and small windows due to cold weather, but for Eshkamesh they have stone masonry with mould mortar because the area which they want to build shelter has saline and loamy soils.

There are very little NFIs with the IDPs for their winterisation and thus there is greater demand of provisioning

of winterisation kits in Khaja Khairab Ab. Photo: Waliullah

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Families who had lost everything when their house was washed away or lost in the landslides stated a need for all items. The land related and shelter related are dealt in the earlier analysis, as new land for rebuilding their shelters/homes is an underlying request for the entire group. Based on the responses to the questions, the families have sought NFIs for winterisation. They supplies provided by the relief agencies are inadequate to meet the severe winters of the locality, where at times, it will go much lower than -15° Celsius. Kitchen utensils, clothing, cooking fuel, Mats and blankets, and WASH materials have emerged as essential NFI needs (as per the above diagram). The other NFI needs includes, shoes, shovels, Bukaris (heating materials) etc.

11. Market Assessment of Shelter Materials

The market assessment was carried out in four locations of the study areas and found out that the quality of construction materials are better quality in comparison to Badakhshan. The major construction materials costs in different locations vary from one another. In Eshkamesh, the prices are higher in comparison to Rushtaq. However, in all the locations there is fairly availability of shelter materials in the local markets ranging from 150-200 shelter homes. There is no major price fluctuations noticed at this point of time. However, there is greater demand of new shelter constructions by NGOs and the government, it was anticipated by the merchants and traders that there may be slight increase in prices.

The quality of materials in Eshkamesh, Rushtaq and Taloqan were mentioned good by the assessment teams. In both Faizabad and Yawan markets the materials quality was mentioned as fair and acceptable.

87%

78%

77%

94%

84%

31%

Clothing

Mats, Blankets

WASH NFI

Kitchen Utensils

cooking and heating fuel

other NFI needs (Specify)

NFI needs for winterisation (%)

Series1

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SN Items Quantities Specifications Eshkamesh Rushtaq Faizabad Yawan Price at different locations

Price at different locations



1 Wooden poles from local safidar wood

21 per shelter L = 4m, dia=13cm

600 Afs 350 Afs 600 450

2 Wooden planks 30 per shelter From khar wood, L=6m, thick=2cm, d=20cm

600-Afs 560 Afs 520 600

3 Bamboo Mat(borya) 13 per shelter L=4m, b=60cm 130Af 200 Afs 200 200

4 Door(0.8*2m) 1 per shelter From khar wood with hard wares the boards are 8.5*6.5cm

2800-Af 3500 Afs 4000 4200

5 Window(1.2*1.5m) 1 per shelter From wood with hard wares, the boards are 8.5*6.5cm

2000-Af 3500 Afs 3000 3500

6 Window(1.5*1.5m) 1 per shelter From khar wood with hard wares, the boards will be 8.5*6.5cm

2500 4000 Afs 3300 4400

7 Nail 7kg per shelter Chines 80-Af 70 Afs 75 120

8 Glass 2.25 per shelter

4mm thick 185-Af 300 Afs 1600 1800

9 Wooden pole for lintle(L=2m, dia=13cm)

3 per shelter Local 350-Af 350 Afs 350 200

10 Wooden pole for lintle(L=2.5m, dia=13cm)

6 per shelter local 400-AF 250 Afs 500 280

11 Oil paint 1kg per shelter Cover up 130-Af 130 Afs 175 160

12 Shovel with handles 1 per shelter Chinese with local handle

230-AF 180 Afs 190 220

13 Pickax with handles 1 per shelter Chinese with local handle

230-AF 200 Afs 230 220

14 Sludge Hummer with handle

1 per shelter 7kg with local handle

600-AF 100 Afs 850 870

15 Wheel barrow 1 per shelter Mazari with Iranian tire and tubes and russian profile

2200-AF 2000 Afs 2400 1800

16 String, thread 1 roll per shelter

Iranian 100m 50-AF 50 Afs 50 50

17 Brick form (khosht Kham)

1 per shelter Local 2 set 700-AF 1200 Afs 1.2 3

18 Bucket (normal size) 1 per shelter Local 150 Afs 150 150

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12. Food Security and Livelihoods

Using the primary and secondary information available at this early stage, the current situation in the affected areas is broadly estimated as IPC (Integrated Phase classification) mentioned in the following page, using the indicators mentioned in the format shown to estimate based on the observations, Food security assessment and WFP’s VAM report. This report and its recommendations are based on the data collected using the rapid Food Security Assessment Tool (adapted from 48 Hr tool). This assessment report provides programming information for the next 6 to 8 weeks of food security & livelihood response activities.

No. requiring food assistance (in-kind or cash) - 330 families/ 2045 ind Gap in food needs (based on disruptions to household food sources) - 45% No. requiring immediate support in protecting livelihood assets - families / ind No. requiring immediate support in restarting livelihood activities - 170 families/1190 ind This indicates that dietary diversity has remained deteriorated since the shock with consumption

of pulses, vegetables , meat and poultry ,eggs ,milk and milk products , fats , sugar having been most affected. One of the cereals also affected in their food consumption is rice. Rice is one of the essential items people have mentioned in the other food needs. The following diagram mentions of the food needs for this forthcoming winter months.

The livelihood assets that are in danger of being lost due to sale or death are: goats and sheep (livestock)

Livelihood activities that cannot start due to shock / loss of assets are: o Crop cultivations

The livelihood activities that need to be restarted in the next two months are: Agriculture restoration Livestock destocking Wage labour creation through either food for work or cash for work initiatives in

infrastructure development in the shelter rehabilitation programmes. Direct cash transfers /food aid to the vulnerable households

There was swift response in provision of food items from WFP and utensils from NGOs to all the affected families. There were some individual donors and merchants voluntarily provided food

Flour Sugar Fuel Salt Pulses DryFood Oil

Series1 67 78 78 78 45 44 56

0102030405060708090

Axis

Titl

e

Essential Food needs for winter

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items as well. However, there is a huge short-fall in supplying cooking fuel, either wood or gas. The gas cylinders provided under NFI kits were empty and there was no mechanism to fill these gas stoves. The IPC phase classification is enclosed in Annexure 1 of the report.

Food Dietary Diversity Score To calculate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), the assessment used 16 food types which are locally consumed and categorised them into various sections. Of the 16 food diversity types, the affected people had a HDDS score of 0.625 before the disaster. The situation is worsened with HDDS of 0.437 after the shock. This indicates that dietary diversity has drastically come down despite of having food aid. The food aid provided mostly had flour, oil and pulses. However, there is great shortfall in vegetables, meat, fruits, even in pulses, sugar, poultry/egg, milk and milk products. Food Sources and Food Gaps (Access and Availability) According to the data collected, most households are facing a gap of 45% food gap despite of

having food aid access in the initial phase of relocation in the sites. This is in comparison to access to food in the pre-shock period.

There is significant impact of floods and landslides on the different food sources, e.g. floods in Dahane Shera and Darai Show has destroyed stand crops, garden and in many cases the land itself was washed away in the floods. This has resulted in significant reduction in food consumed from own production. There is reduction in purchase as well in post shock period in comparison to pre-disaster. The purchase power has come down as in the new locations, no one is giving any credit and the wage labour was much lower than usual as there is greater supply of labour in the towns and thus people have worked at much lower wages. About 81% of the families interviewed have mentioned of working at low wages. The purchase power is also impacted as there is no space for storing food items. Few families informed that there was some complaints of food items were stolen in their tents. Livestock production was low as many lost their livestock. Few sold livestock in exchange of food stocks. In adequate space to store fodder and this year the fodder shortage is highly expected and people are ready to sell their animals at distress rates despite of having better market prices of livestock. In Khaja Khairab and few families in Eshkamesh camp site have informed that the wage labour is also reduced due to men can’t go out of the camp because they don’t like their women to be alone in the tents and fear of any abuse. The food aid support from aid agencies is the major source of food in post disaster.

The reasons for such huge gap are due to: Large extent of land is damaged due to floods and the water streams and irrigation canals were

damaged by the floods. The rainfed wheat sown in March/April is entirely damaged will result to significant reduction in food consumed from own production.

The loss of productive livelihood assets, valuable goods and money due to landslides and currently don’t have any purchasing power. There are few merchants provide food on credit basis but are very expensive and many merchants are not ready to lead to these resettled families especially in case of Khaja Khairab. The dependency on purchase of food likely to increase but with is unsustainable as there is shortage of income and limited income sources. - The majority of the households depend on wage labour for livelihoods. The labour demand exists at the time of harvest in and neighbouring provinces; and in non-agriculture period work as daily wage labour in nearby district centres or towns.

There is no food for work initiated in the village currently, but people expect some food for work programme in this year to meet food shortages. Food Aid for next few months is emerging as major needs of the community.

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The current cost of purchasing a week’s worth of food (three meals a day) and cooking fuel for the average household in the local market is estimated at 1600 Afs (local currency) or 30 USD (Approx.)

Livelihood Asset Ownership and Potential loss 56% of the affected families own large and/or small livestock and is 80% in Dahane Shera and

Darai Show villages of Eshkamesh. Lack of space for animals, which have started arriving from Shewa (the pasture lands in North of

Badakhshan). There is no space for storing fodder. Spread of diseases among animals is major concern and more important is the shelter for animals, where there is greater fear of losing them in this winter. In adequate water supply is also affecting animal health care.

Agriculture lands are damaged especially in Kuzur and Eshkeshan in Argu districts and Dahane Shera and Darai Show in Eshkamesh districts. There is great short fall of agriculture seeds (the stored seeds were sold for food).

In Eshkamesh, land loss is identified as a major damage and loss due to floods. Livelihood Activities now and next two months The most critical livelihood assets used by the majority of the families at risk of loss are livestock

and agriculture. More of livestock in Eshkamesh where as it is high on agriculture in Argu district and Khaja Khairab. In all the villages, agriculture, agriculture tools and small shops in the village were lost.

Livelihoods activities that can feasibly be re-started or continued (provided required support and assets are made available) in the next 2 months are: Agriculture (due to the sowing season is in mid-October), small business (promotes local markets as we have observed in Abb-e-Bareek), swing and embroidery , skilled work in shelter sites (can be initiated with adolescent girls and women under various skill based trainings) and wages earning opportunities (cash for work and food for work for infrastructure restoration in the resettlement villages).

Key assets required to re-start livelihoods activities in the next 2 months are: Seeds, fertilizers, tool kit, , sewing machine/needle, threads and cloths

Destocking in autumn and restocking in Spring with veterinary and fodder support will be ideal for Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh resettled families

Markets and Price Monitoring

There are markets and shops for essential food and non-food items within an acceptable distance from the affected communities.

There are functional and accessible local markets in the affected areas that provide most essential household food items.

There are functional and accessible local markets in the affected areas that provide most essential household livelihood items.

Local markets are physically accessible and are safely accessible to the men in the affected population. Local markets are physically accessible and are safely accessible to the women in the affected population.

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The prices of the essential commodities assessed in mid-August is same to that of the end of July 2014 rates in Faizabad (Taloqan has more or less have the similar price of that of Faizabad), but in Eshkamesh the price of oil and rice is higher at 114 Afs and 70 Afs per kg respectively.

Sl.No. Name of the Items Current Price per Kg

Kabul Mazar Faizabad 1 Wheat 25.0 20.3 23.0 2 Wheat Flour 29.0 29.0 34.8 3 Rice High Quality 96.5 84.3 95.0 4 Rice Low Quality 50.0 40.5 50.0 5 Cooking Oil 80.9 78.0 100.0

6 Sheep (less than 1 yr., Female) 5500.0 6200.0 5300.0

7 Terms of trade (casual Labour vs Wheat) Kgs 14.0 13.3 13.0

8 Terms of trade (Sheep vs Wheat) 220.0 306.3 230.4

9 Terms of trade (casual Labour vs Wheat Flour) 12.1 9.3 8.6

10 Terms of trade (Sheep vs Wheat flour) 189.7 213.8 152.5

Source: WFP/VAM market data from Afghanistan main cities (Kabul, Mazar, Faizabad) Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) – World Food Programme (WFP), Afghanistan (End of July - reported in August 2014) The prices of Faizabad are relatives higher than that of the general trend in North and Central part of Afghanistan. The prices of the essential commodities are higher in the remote markets of Yawan, Eshkamesh and Rushtaq. The terms of trade between casual labours to wheat is lowest in Badakhshan due to low wage labour rates and increased price rates of wheat flour. The terms of trade for livestock is also lowest in Faizabad market in comparison to all major markets of Northern Afghanistan. Though, there is a generally higher price for sale of livestock but not in the case of Badakhshan. The average work days in July in Badakhshan is reported to be less than 12 days. Coping Mechanisms Assessment respondents were asked what they would able to contribute to any future shelter activities. The majority of them from Eshkamesh IDP camp site and Khaja Khairab communities have mentioned that they have already exhausted their savings, aid resources and sold their assets to purchase land. In the initial phases of relief, they expected the government to respond and provide them land but as the winter is fast approaching and no indication of any support, they have purchased land near Eshkamesh district centre and Dashteqala areas respectively. Thus, the affected families have mentioned that they can contribute in form of labour and need assistance in form cash/kind and shelter materials. In Argo district, they were expecting to get land from the government either allocating it in Abb-e-Bareek or near Begum Bridge enrooted to Rushtaq. A number of coping mechanisms were observed in these communities.

- Sale of Livestock (female livestock) at lower rate than market price - Sale of assets including agriculture tools - Reduced consumption of food

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- Among women and girls, the consumption of food is reduced during day time due to cultural taboo of not to be seen defecating out in open

- Marrying off young girls (many below 15 years) in return for bride money - Keeping the livestock with relatives in exchange of kids and calves

There is high stress levels observed by the assessment teams in these families and most of men have expressed of uncertainty of how to cope with the forthcoming winters and restoring their livelihoods. Women have expressed more stress as the result of loss of property and assets, having to live in very small space and living in open with so many which they never experienced before. They are concerned about safety of their daughters and themselves. All these can impact on children’s psych-social wellbeing. Children have expressed post-trauma stress disorders. 13. WASH

Water and Sanitation related questions are included in the assessment and is considered as an important part of the shelter response. The bathroom and latrine are not priority for them in their traditional homes and they have used to defecate in the open area and taken bath in animal stables or even open space. However, in the interviews undertaken in the camp sites, the latrines have emerged as the major need, especially for women and girls. The fear of insect bites, snakes and scorpions in the dark and lack of privacy during day, women and girls have shown their concern.

13.1 Sanitation

There are no sanitary latrines with these families before the disaster; however they had dry pit latrines for children, women and aged to use in their villages. Most of the men defecate in open in nearby gullies which are earmarked for them. In all the camp and relocated sites, 89% of the respondents mentioned of open defecation are still in rampant. In Khaja Khairab it is little less due to construction of emergency latrines in their camp site. All children defecate out in open. 78% mentioned of poor drainage, 89% waste piling around the tents and thus causing poor hygiene and health related issues. As they tie up their animals (mostly donkeys) near to their tents and the animal excreta is another major issue of concern. People in these relocated tents also collect animal dung for their fuel and keep them near their tents. Both personal and environment hygiene education is the dire need in these camps.

OpenDefecatio

n

Childrenopen

defecation

Wastewater/

drainage

Lack ofwaste

collection

AnimalExcreta

Others(specify)garbagenear the

tentsSeries1 89 100 78 89 22 78

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Axis

Titl

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Concerns related to sanitation

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13.2 Vectors

The discussion with the families reveled that there are various vectors which contribute in spread of diseases in these relocated sites. Being in open and adjacent to agriculture lands create huge problems for their food stocks. The families are exposed to the risk of rodents eating away their food stocks, cooked food (some time leads to contamination), mosquitos and flies are seen in abandon. The following diagram shows that 44% have mentioned of mosquitos as the major cause of illness in these camp site.

13.3 Waste Disposal Mechanism

In communities have moved out the camp site in Eshkamesh and started relocated themselves nearer to the Eshkamesh district centre and are living in the open compounds of the host families and in market yards. In these locations, the town municipality (locally called as Mayor) provides drains and thus waste disposal is monitored by the local authorities. However, for solid wastes are thrown openly or bury them in the ground (33% respondents mentioned this as a mechanism). The majority of 55% have mentioned that they just throw waste in open.

44

33

33

22

Mosquitos

Houseflies

Rodents

Others

Disease spreading vectors

Series1

12%

33%55%

Waste disposal mechanism

Sewage system by theauthorities

Septic tank

Drilling and burying

Others

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13.4 Source of Drinking Water

Both in Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh IPD camp sites, the government initially supplied water through tankers. After a month, this supply was stopped to Eshkamesh IPD camp sites owning to non-payment of the tanker charges to the owner of the truck by the authorities. Concern did facilitate a meeting with RRD and UNICEF in Taloqan to address this issue but remained unresolved. These communities left high and dry that too during Ramadan fasting month, forced them to abandon the camp in Aq Para and move to Eshkamesh district centre where access to drinking water is much better. But in Khaja Khairab, the local administration is continuing the water supply through tinkering. Thus, 44% of the respondents mentioned of tinkering as source of water supply. Majority of the families collect water from open sources (about 45% from canals and 11% from nearby streams). There was a complaint from Khaja Khairab families that the tanker suppliers also collects water from the nearby river (Kokcha River) and supply the same to the families without any treatment.

13.5 Quantity of water Though the access to water exists but it is insufficient to the affected families. The focused group discussions carried out with the communities mentioned that 78% of them have reported that the water is insufficient for drinking and domestic use. They mentioned that the water collected is sufficient for drinking purpose but not for other domestic uses like bathing, washing clothes and utensils, feeding to animals etc.

44%

11%

45%

Sources of drinking water supply

Distribution fromTanker

Well Water

Canal

River stream

11%11%

78%

Quantity of water

Sufficient

Partly

Insufficient

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13.6 Diseases and complaints

Living in open air for last three to four months, with inadequate access to water, poor sanitation, inadequate health care and exposed to high weather extremes are risks along with increase of communicable diseases, especially ARI and diarrhea. Diarrheal symptoms are mentioned by the respondents in the focused group discussions as the major cause of concern. 97% have mentioned that at one stage or other at least one of their family members was affected by diarrhea in past one month. That was cited as one of the major reason for abandoning the Aq Para camp site by the communities in Eshkamesh. Skin infections (about 27% families), due to exposure to severe heat and sun and inadequate bathing is another major complaint expressed by the families assessed. Eye infection which is on spread is mentioned of a cause of concern now.

13.7 Hand wash practices Though many of the families do recognize the importance of hand wash but only 11% have mentioned of hand washing at critical times and about 56% mentioned of it partly and that too most of them don’t use soap for hand washing. 33% mentioned they never did hand washing at critical times. There is need to educate on hand washing in critical times using soaps.

Diarrheal, 97

Skin, 27 Eye, 28

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Axis

Titl

e

Axis Title

Diseases and complaints

Series1

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14. Recommendations 14.1 Shelter 14.1.1 Land Allocation: The government’s decision to provision of land to the IDPs, to some extent

from the highest office of the country is to be done at the earliest. The land allocation made for Argu district landslide and flood affected families is not yet transferred legally to the selected beneficiaries. The beneficiary selection itself is not clearly defined by the government. In case of Takhar, the government identified lands are not suitable for living and is far away from their livelihood resources. Thus, the communities have rejected the proposal of the government. Ever since, the government tried to find alternative solutions but finally the communities themselves have purchased land. Government need to extend its support in town planning in the relocated sites and provisioning of basis facilities and provide them recognition of the newly established villages. Provisioning of ID cards based on their relocation and recognising the land belongs to the individuals. Also identify some common land for infrastructure development like schools, mosques and health facilities under their mainstream programmes

14.1.2 Shelter design approved by the Shelter cluster to be adapted with feasibility, environment and DRR studies by the concerned NGO implementing the shelter programme.

14.1.3 Based on earlier developed Shelter Response Plan by Concern, which recommended for temporary/transitory shelters keeping in view of the funding constrains and emerging needs of the affected families during long winters in north-eastern regions of Afghanistan, the following options can be worked out.

o To improve the living conditions and people in need at IDP camp sites (relief Camps) or support to host families to have adequate space for the families or transitory shelter support in situ or sites either purchased or distributed by the government/ voluntarily purchase. Minimum transitional / long term standards introduced by the Government – to ensure build back better approach to housing. The transitory shelter design should be based on minimum standards either to follow the shelter cluster design or Sphere Minimum Standards

o To improve the service provision by Shelter/NFI cluster partners through enhanced coordination at clusters and responses to the NFI needs for winterisation.

11

56

33

Yes Partly No

Handwash practices

Series1

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o Ensure support and capacity building of authorities and NGOs to facilitate coordinated and effective service delivery (with equality) in transit shelter/camps

o The risk of secondary hazards like fire and diseases is reduced through mitigation measures and regular monitoring.

o Integrate DRR measures especially earthquake resistance and above high flood level measures to be considered in shelter designs.

o The demands of security and safety (protection issues for women and girls), latrines to be considered along with transitory shelters.

14.2 Food Security and Livelihoods 14.2.1 Winter provision of food aid by WFP to the affected families living in the camps to access

food in the lean winters. 14.2.2 Based on the current assessment, we recommend for destocking in autumn/winters and

provision for restocking with veterinary aid and fodder support in spring season. 14.2.3 The agriculture season starts in late September onwards in these villages. Thus, agriculture

inputs support for livelihood recovery especially seeds, fertilisers and agriculture tools should be planned

14.2.4 There are many reconstruction activities take place in these relocated and newly constructed shelters. There is greater scope to support livelihoods of the vulnerable families in these locations like supporting to establishment of shops, tin sheet Bukaris (heaters) making units, mat weaving units etc. Thus, economic recovery can be initiated at the earliest.

14.2.5 Cash for work or food for work activities with some DRR initiatives can be started for infrastructure development like pavements, internal roads, drains and water harvesting models, ponds for water storage for animals etc can provided in these new settlements.

14.2.6 Provisioning of fuel wood and charcoal for heating. In many families who lost their household items, can be supported with Bukaris and wooden stoves for heating.

14.3 Drinking water: 14.3.1 Drinking water provisioning through dug out wells, gravity water flow systems and bore

well/hand pumps based on the topography and availability of water. Use Sphere Minimum Standards to provide access to drinking water sources. Access to water will also speed up the construction of shelter works, as it helps in making bricks needed for the shelter construction and also for roofing and plastering.

14.3.2 Additional provisioning of drinking water storage facilities in all affected houses. 14.3.3 Provision for drinking water tubs for animals/livestock. 14.4 Sanitation: Construction of all-weather proof latrines and bath facilities. Have hot water

facilities in the bath locations to provision hot water for bathing, washing and ablution. Provisioning of warming facilities in the bath facilities is another basic need during long winters. Construction of drains and solid waste management processes to be initiated in these resettled locations.

14.5 Health Services: Regular health camps to be conducted in the resettled camp sites/shelter sites. Need to pre-position emergency transportation facility for emergency health care to the nearest health centre to be planned. Pre-stocking of essential drugs for minor ailments, ART, cough and cold with CHWs and women Shura members. Even family health kits can be provided with basic first aid and sale on counter drugs/medicines for minor ailments.

14.6 Hygiene Education: NGOs and the government staff need to carry out hygiene education on personnel hygiene and environmental hygiene. Awareness and follow up sessions on hand wash practices, use of latrines, bathing and proper preparation of food are to be provided to families in these relocated sites.

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14.7 Coordination: The biggest challenge is coordination aspect between the NGOs, UN Clusters and the government. The leanings for past three months is that though there is will and intent among these players to respond to the emerging needs to these affected families exist but the intent rarely transferred into actions. There were many failed instances where the needs are left unmet. Thus, led to the affected families indulging in negative coping mechanisms. There are cramped resources to meet the needs of these communities. The initial phase of relief was done an integrated approach but later on the sectors were left to deal with their responses. Except for shelter, which has emerged as major need, the donors tried to provide funds but there is more than 50% gap still exists if all the commitments by donors realise by the end of autumn. So far, despite of the approval of the funds, less than 100 shelters were actually built (as per the Shelter Cluster Meeting dated 24th August 2014). There is need for other sector response plans to reach out and with the current funding situation, there will be many gaps in meetings the needs in other sectors.

IPC classification1 based on the assessment in Khaja Khairab and Eshkamesh IDP camp sites (Annexure 1)

Use the following tables to classify the context against the Based on FS Assessment Questionnaire IPC PHASE Livelihoods Assets Diet Diversity Water Availability / Access Generally Food Secure

Generally sustainable utilisation Consistent quality/diversity Usually adequate (>15 ltr ppp day)

Moderately Food Insecure

Stress/ unsustainable utilisation Chronic deficit Borderline adequate (15 ltr ppp day), unstable

Acute Food Security and Livelihood Crisis

Accelerated/critical depletion, loss of access

Acute deficit

7.5-15 ltr ppp day, through asset stripping

Humanitarian Emergency

Near complete/irreversible depletion, loss of access

Regularly 3 or fewer groups consumed <7.5 ltr ppp day (human usage only

Famine / Humanitarian Catastrophe

Effectively complete loss, collapse <4 ltr ppp day (human usage only)

Based on Observation during FS Assessment IPC PHASE Civil Security Destitution / Displacement Diseases Generally Food Secure

Prevailing and structural peace N/A Usual / stable


Unstable, tensions


Limited, low intensity conflict

Emerging, diffuse Epidemic, increasing


Widespread, high intensity conflict Concentrated, increasing

Pandemic


Large scale, concentrated

Based on Recent Secondary Data (if available/relevant) IPC PHASE Crude Mortality Acute Malnutrition (NRVA 2011/12) Food Access / Availability Coping Generally Food Secure

<0.5/10,000/day NA <3% Usually adequate (>2100 kcal ppp day), stable

N/A


<0.5/10,000/day U5MR<1/10,000/day

NA >3% but <10% (usual range/stable)

Borderline adequate (2100 kcal ppp day), unstable

Insurance strategies


0.5-1/10,000/day U5MR 1-2/10,000/day

NA 10-15%, > usual, increasing 2100 kcal ppp day via asset stripping

Crisis strategies; CSI significantly > than reference


1-2/10,000/day U5MR>2/10,000/day

NA >15%, > usual, increasing

Severe gap, unable to meet 2100 kcal ppp day

Distress strategies; CSI significantly > reference


>2/10,000/day NA >30% Extreme gap, much below 2100 kcal ppp day

N/A

1 http://www.ipcinfo.org/

Page 0 of 44

Annexure 1.a : Household Questionnaire for Shelter and Winterization Options

زمستانیی سرپناه و گزینھ ھای نامھ پرسش

Basic Demographic Information معلومات اساسی آمار نفوس Name of the Household Interviewed: نام مصاحبھ شونده Whether the household is women headed or male headed family: بھ سرپرستی زن یا مرد؟ No. of family members : (use the data we have of each family) شمار اعضای خانواده Any new born babies (less than one month)(کمتر از یک ماه) کودک تازه تولد Any infants (less than 1 year) babies کودک کمتر از یک سال Any pregnant women in the family (yes or no)(بلی/نھ) خانم ھای باردار

SHELTER سرپناه

1. Type of Shelter نوعیت سرپناه a. Living in rental private house (if yes ask them what’s the rent paid, in cash or kind, if so what’s

the amount of cash or how much in kind) ل، زنده گی در خانھ شخصی کرایی (اگر بلی، از ایشان بپرسید چھ مقدار پول می پردازند؟ پول نقد یا اموا

اگر پول یا اموال مقدار چقدر است؟) b. Living with host families (rental) in a room زنده گی با خانواده میزبان (در خانھ کرایی) در یک اتاق c. Living with host families/relatives (no rent)(غیر کرایی) زنده گی با خانواده میزبان/خویشاوندان d. Living in unfinished building زنده گی در یک خانھ زیر کار e. Living collectively with other families in centres (shops etc.)

زنده گی گروھی با خانواده ھای دیگر در مراکز جمعی (مانند دکان ھا و غیره)f. Living in Animal barn / sheds زنده گی در طویلھ یا برنده ھای ھای برای حیوانانت g. Tent خیمھ h. Others (please specify)(|لطفن مشخص نمایید) دیگر

2. Average cost of rental (if they are paying in kind or in cash)(.اگر آن ھا بھ پول یا اموال می پردازند) اوسط قیمت کرا 3. How are they paying rent? چگونھ می پردازند؟

a. Payment from earning (work) روزانھ)پرداخت از درامد (کار b. Payment from sharing of crop/livestock پرداخت از زراعت شراکتی یا مواشی c. Borrowing پرداخت از قرض d. Direct and indirect support from humanitarian Aid پرداخت از کمک ھای مستقیم و غیر مستقیم بشری

4. Living Space conditions وضعیت فضای زنده گی a. Families living in an inadequate space .خانواده ھا در یک فضای نا کافی زند گی می کنند b. Live in a crowded space زنده گی در یک فضای شلوغ و ازدحام c. Live with animals and stock together زنده گی یک جایی با مواشی و مواد d. Feel the space does not protect from the weather ضای زنده گی از ھوا محافظت نشده. احساس این کھ ف e. Feel insecure (for women and girls)(برای خانم ھا و دخترھا) احساس نا امنی

5. Population density in one room in the shelter? Family Members # in one room (average)

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تراکم نفوس در یک اتاق در سرپناه؟ اوسط اعضای خانواده در یک اتاق a. Less than 5 نفر 5کمتر از b. Between 5-7 نفر 7-5بین c. 8 and more than that (specify the number) و بیشتر از آن (تعداد را مشخص نمایید.) 8

6. Identify risk factors regarding shelters? شناسایی عوامل خطر در پیوند بھ سرپناه (If available, more than one option may be marked) اگر میسر است، بیشتر از یک گزینھ نشانی شود.)(

Weather conditions وضعیت ھوا

Soil conditions وضعیت خاک

Drainage contamination آلوده گی فاضالب

Infrastructure condition وضعیت ساختمان ھا

Disposal from the house رسیده گی از خانھ

Others (please specify) دیگر (مشخص نمایید)

7. Need for Shelter materials and NFIs نیاز بھ مواد سرپناه و مواد غیر غذایی

Please specify need for each NFI below .لطفن نیاز بھ ھر مواد غیر غذایی را مشخص نمایید Need of NFIs Prioritized (1-5 )

5- 1غذایی اولویت از نیاز بھ مواد غیر Clothing (reflect on the prevailing climatic conditions) لباس (با در نظر داشت تغیرات آب و ھوای معمول)

Mats, Blankets فرش/کمپل WASH NFIs (shampoo, soap, cleaning materials) مواد غیر غذایی آب و صحت (شامپو، صابون، مواد پاک کننده)

Kitchen utensils (pots, pans, etc. اسباب آشپزخانھ (دیک، قاب...)

Cooking and heating fuel (which type of fuel?) مواد سوخت پخت و پز و گرم کننده (کدام نوع مواد سوخت)

Other NFI needs (please specify as an item)?

نمایید.)مواد غیر غذایی دیگر (لطفن مواد دیگر را مشخص

8. What are the reasons do you prefer to stay outside the Camp? (if available, tick more than one option) دالیل کھ شما ترجیح دادید بیرون از کمپ زنده گی کنید کدام ھا اند؟ (اگر میسر است، بیشتر از یک گزینھ را نشانی کنید.)Bad Infrastructure conditions in the camp شرایط بد ساختمان ھا در کمپ

No basic services provisioned (water, sanitation, health)

In secure due to weather, location شرایط نا امن آب و ھوا

Security threats/ Unsafe تھدیدات امنیتی/نا

بودن مصوون

Abuse by authorities and others سوی استفاده از سوی مقامات و دیگران

Gender based violence خشونت ھای مبتنی بر جندر

Others (specify) دیگر(مشخص نمایید.)

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خدمات اساسی تھیھ نشد (آب، بھداشت و صحت)

9. Do you want to build the shelter? (1). Yes, (2). No – If the answer is no, why? ، (اگر نھ، چرا؟)2-، نھ1آیا می خواھید سرپناه بسازید؟ بلی=

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Are you available to be shifted into new place after the disaster happened? Yes , No

آیا شما برای انتقال بھ یک محل نو پس از اتفاق آفت ھستید؟ بلی/نھ11. If the answer is yes then how will he/she manage livelihoods means that you has into

their existing village? اگر بلی، پس چگونھ گزینھ ھای معیشتی تان را در روستای کھ ھستید مدیریت می کنید؟

12. Do you have land for building permanent/transitory shelter آیا شما زمین برای ساختن سرپناه دایمی/انتقالی دارید؟ Land is purchased and have legal document

ونی زمین خریده شده و سند قان دارد.

Land is purchased but no legal document but community assurance exists زمین خریده شده مگر سند قانونی ندارد. مگر مردم از وجود زمین اطمنان می دھند.

Land is identified but not allocated/cannot afford to buy it. زمین مشخص شده است مگر

ده، توانایی اخصاص داده نش خریدش وجود ندارد.

Land is not available زمین وجود ندارد.

13. What are the shelter /non-shelter options people suggest?

گزینھ ھای سرپناه/غیر سرپناه کھ مردم پیشنھاد می کنند کدام ھا اند؟ Those having land کسانیکھ زمین دارند.

Those who are purchasing Land کسانیکھ در حال خریدن زمین اند.

Those who are expecting govt. to allocate land کسانیکھ توقع دارند دولت برایشان زمین اخصاص می دھد.

Living with host families (relatives) for free زنده گی با خانواده ھای میزبان (با خویشاوندان) رایگان

Living in rental houses زنده گی در خانھ ھای کرایی

Living in rooms (for partial rent of host families) زنده در اتاق ھای (نیمھ کرایی با خانواده ی میزبان)

Living in community land/property زنده گی در زمین/دارایی ھای عامھ

Living in unfinished houses

در زنده گیخانھ ھای زیرکار

Living in tents زنده گی در خیمھ ھا

Tentative list of options (Please have their ideas and options, that giving them these options)

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باشید.)فھرست آزمایشی گزینھ ھا (لطفن دیدگاه و گزینھ ھای آن ھا را برای دادن گزینھ ھای پایین داشتھ - Transitory shelters (single room) with beneficiary contribution and shelter

material support سرپناه انتقالی (یک اتاق) با سھم استفاده کننده و کمک مواد از سوی موسسھ

- Transitory shelter (single room), the community use materials of their damaged houses (estimate the materials) سرپناه انتقالی (یک اتاق) مردم مواد کھ از خانھ ھای تخریب شده شان دارند استفاده کنند. (مواد را تخمین کنید.)

- Repairs to existing house and building an additional room ترمیم خانھ ھای موجود و اتاق اضافی

- Supporting in construction of addition room with the support of host families (the host family need to contribute) with clear terms of tenancy period کمک برای اعمار اتاق اضافی با حمایت خانواده ھای میزبان (خانواده ھای میزبان باید سھم بگیرند) با یک مدت مشخص اجاره

- Completion of unfinished homes (with contribution from the owners) and tenancy/property rights تکمیل خانھ ھای زیرکار (با سھم گیری صاحبان آن) و حقوق اجازه و ملکیت

- Cash for rental پول نقد برای کرا - Improved tents (with special design tents to suite winter) and protection from

winter. خیمھ ھای پیشرفتھ (با دیزاین ویژه ی کھ مناسب زمستان باشد) کھ از زمستان خانواده را محافظت کند.

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Annexure 2.b : (Focused Group Discussion) FOOD SECURITY مصوونیت غذایی

Food Consumption مصرف غذا

1. Now, after the disaster, what different types of food are most households eating in 1 day (i.e. the last 24 hours)? Tick () the box in Table 1 below and add them up.

ساعت گذشتھ)؟ جدول 24حاال، پس از آفت، کدام نوع غذا ھا را اکثریت خانواده ھا در یک روز مصرف می کنند؟ (مثلن: زیر را نشانی کنید و بھ آن بیافزایید.

Table 1 (Questions 2 to 4): Dietary Diversity Food type

نوعیت غذا

Q2. IF food type consumed in 1 day (24 hours) tick the box () Pre-Disaster Typical day

24اگر غذا مصرف شده در ساعت بکس را تیک کنید.

روز نمونھ ی پیش از آفت

Q3. Typical type of food eaten (Specify)

نوعیت غذایی نمونھ ی مصرف شده (مشخص نمایید.

Q4. IF food type consumed in 1 day (24 hours) tick the box () Post-Shock (NOW)

24اگر غذایی مصرف شده در ساعت بکس را تیک کنید.

پس از آفت ( حاال)

CEREALS حبوبات

ROOTS AND TUBERS

ھا گیاه و ھا ریشھ

PULSES, LEGUMES, NUTS

مغزھا جات، غلھ جات، تخمینھ

VEGETABLES سبزیجاتFRUITS میوهMEAT / POULTRY, OFFAL

پاچھ و مرغ/کلھ گوشت/گوشت شکمبھ و

EGGS تخمFISH, SEAFOOD ماھی/غذای بحری

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS آن تولیدات و شیر

OIL / FAT روغنSUGAR / HONEY شکر/عسلOTHER(specify) دیگر (مشخص نمایید.)

TOTAL NUMBER OF ھا مارک تیک مجموعھ

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GUIDE TO THE ENUMERATOR FOR THE NEXT TABLE رھنمایی بھ مصاحبھ کننده گان برای جدول بعدی

2. Guide for the enumerators (Normally, at this time of year, what percentage of food for household use comes from the food sources listed in the table below?

رھنمود بھ مصاحبھ کننده گان (معمولن، درین وقت از سال، چند درصد غذا برای مصرف خانواده ھا از سوی منابع غذایی کھ در پایین یاد شده می آید؟

Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 2 below. e.g.: 20% of food is purchased. This should add up to 100%. You can use proportional pilling to help households answer this question.

% افزوده شود. برای 100% از غذای خریده شده. این باید تا 20پایین بگذارید. مثلن: 2یک پاسخ تقریبی بھ فیصدی در جدول استفاده کنید. کمک خانواده ھا کھ بھ این پرسش پاسخ دھند از گزینھ ھای نسبی

3. Now, after the disaster, what percentage of food can households get from the same food sources they used before the shock compared to the overall quantity they were getting before the shock?

حاال، پس از آفت، چند درصد از غذا خانواده می تواند از عین منابع کھ پیش از آفت می گرفت بگیرد در مقایسھ با مقدار غذای کھ پیش از آفت دریافت می نمود. Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 2 below. You can use proportional pilling to asset the approximate percentages. e.g.: pre-disaster own production in agriculture = 60%, now = 10%. This does not have to add up to 100% as households may have A GAP in their food needs that requires assistance.

وانید از گزینھ ھای نسبی برای فیصدی تقریبی استفاده کنید. پایین بگذارید. شما می ت 2یک پاسخ تقریبی بھ فیصدی در جدول % افزوده شود چون خانواده ممکن 100%. این نیاز نیست بھ 10%، حاال=60مثلن: پیش از آفت، تولیدات شخصی زراعتی=

خالی در نیاز بھ غذا داشتھ باشد کھ مستلزم کمک باشد. Add up the percentages and calculate the “Gap” percentage to make sure the post shock food sources add up to 100%. Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 2 below. e.g.: Gap = 70%)

% افزوده شده 100درصدی ھا را اضافھ کنید و درصد (خال) را محاسبھ کنید. اطمنان حاصل کنید کھ منابع غذا پس از آفت بھ است.

Table 2 (Questions 2 to 3): Food Sources and Food Gap ) منبع غذا و خالی غذایی 3- 2(پرسش 2جدول Sources منابع Q5. Pre-Shock

(Approx. %) از آفت (درصدی پیش

تقریبی)

Q6. Post-Shock (NOW) (Approx. %) پس از آفت (حاال) (درصدی تقریبی)

Q7. Impact of shock on food source تاثیرات آفت بھ منبع غذا

PURCHASE (including cafes / fast food, etc.)

ھای غذا کافی، ھوتل، (از خریداریھا) جاده از آماده

OWN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION زراعتی شخصی تولید

OWN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

(milk / meat) تولید شخصی مواشی (شیر/گوشت)

LABOUR PAID WITH FOOD IN-KIND

(not Food for Work)

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مزد کھ بھ غذا یا مواد پرداختھ شده (غیر غذا در بدل کار)GIFTS / LOANS / CHARITY

(including begging) تحفھ/قرض، خیرات (شامل گدایی)

RELIEF (Food Aid / Food for Work, etc.)

بدل در غذا غذایی/ ھای (کمک امدادغیره) و کار

OTHER (specify – e.g.: existing stocks, fishing, wild food)

مثلن: انبارھای -دیگر (مشخص نماییدذا ھای جنگلی)موجود، ماھی گیری، غ

GAP خالTOTAL PERCENTAGE مجموعھ درصدی

100% 100%

Table 3 (Questions 18 to 21): Livelihood Asset Ownership and Potential Loss

): ملکیت سرمایھ ھای معیشتی و امکان از دست دادن آن 21- 18(پرسش 3جدول

4. Now, after the disaster, what are the key livelihood assets that are owned by most of the affected households? Put answers in Table 4 below.

پایین 4حاال، پس از آفت، سرمایھ ھای معیشتی اساسی کھ اکثریت خانواده ھای آسیب دیده دارند کدام ھا اند؟پاسخ را در جدول بگذارید. 5. Normally, what percentage of affected households owns these assets?

Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 4 below. معمولن، چند درصد خانواده ھای آسیب دیده این سرمایھ ھا را دارند؟ 6. Now, after the disaster, what percentage of affected households owns these assets?

Put an approximate answer in percentages in Table 4 below. 4حاال، پس از آفت، چند درصد از خانواده ھای آسیب دیده این سرمایھ ھا را دارند؟ یک پاسخ تقریبی بھ درصدی در جدول

پایین بگذارید. 7. Now, after the disaster, are households likely to lose any of these key livelihood assets in the

next 2 months? Put Yes / No in Table 4 below. e.g.: death of animals not having enough fodder or drinking water; sale of livestock, tools, land, and machinery to raise money to buy food or other essential items.

ماه آینده از دست می دھند؟ بلی/نھ در جدول 2حاال، پس از آفت، آیا احتمالن خانواده ھا این سرمایھ ھای کلیدی معیشتی را در پایین بگذارید. مثلن: مردن مواشی در اثر نداشتن علوفھ ی کافی و آب آشامیدنی، فروش مواشی، ابزار، زمین و ماشین آالت 4

برای خرید غذا و مواد ضروری دیگر.

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DRAFT VERSON 2

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Q18. Asset (type of livestock, of machinery, of tools, of seeds, etc.) owned by most of the affected households

سرمایھ(نوعیت مواشی، ماشین ھا، ابزار، تخمینھ جات) کھ اکثریت خانواده ھای آسیب دیده دارند.

% of HH that own these assets?

درصد خانواده ھا کھ این سرمایھ ھا را دارند.

Q21. In danger of losing in the next 2 months? Yes / No

در خطر از دست دادن این ماه آینده 2سرمایھ ھا در

بلی/نھ

Q21. If YES, WHY?

اگر بلی، چرا؟

Q19. Pre-Shock

پیش از آفت

Q20. Post-Shock (NOW)

پس از آفت (حاال)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Annexure 2.c: Focused Group Discussion and observation (one per each locality)

بحث متمرکز گروھی و مشاھده WASH Environmental health conditions – please look for signs first, if necessary get information From the key person in the neighbourhood, headman, etc., fill in below items.

لطفن ابتدا بھ نشانھ ھا توجھ نمایید، در صورت ضرورت معلومات را از افراد کلیدی، بزرگان و دیگران در ھمسایھ –شرایط محیط زیستی گی بپرسید. در خانھ ھای خالی زیر بنویسید.

1. Unsafe hygiene and weak/absence of sanitation infrastructure practices? ؟ تمرینات زیربنایی ضعیف بھداشتو حفظ الصحھ ی نامصئون

Open Defecation تشناب در فضای آزاد

Children open defecation قضای حاجت کودکان در فضای باز

Waste water/ drainage آب گندیده و فاضل آب

Lack of waste collection عدم جمع آوری سالم مدفوع حیوانی و انسانی

Animal Excreta مدفوع حیوانات

Medical/ industrial waste بقایای تجھیزات درمانی و صنعتی

Others (specify) دیگر( مشخص نمایید)

1 – Yes بلی 2 – No خیر

1 – Yes بلی 2 – No خیر

1 – Yesبلی 2 – Noخیر

1 – Yes بلی2 – No خیر



1 – Yesبلی 2 – No خیر

2. Disease transmitting vectors (specifically in summer)

حشرات ناقل بیماری ( بھ ویژه در تابستان) a. Mosquitos پشھ b. Houseflies مگس c. Rodents جونده ھا یا موش ھا d. Others (please specify) (لطفن مشخص نمایید ) دیگران

3. The existing system for the waste disposal? سیستم موجود برای اداره ی بقایای حیاتی؟

Sewage system by the authorities

دولت سیستم فاضل آب از سوی

Septic tank تانکر ھای سیپتیک

Drilling and burying استفاده از حفره ھا و خندق ھا برای رفع حاجت

Others (please specify) دیگر( لطفن مشخص نمایید)

4. Is the continuous water supply is available آیا سیستم مداوم آب رسانی موجود است؟

a. Yes (if yes, go to Q No. 6) مراجعھ نمایید) 6بلی ( اگر بلی، بھ پرسش نمبر b. No (if No, go to Q no 5) مراجعھ نمایید) 5نھ خیر ( اگر نھ، بھ پرسش شماره

5. If No, please specify, what is the water supply اگر خیر، لطفن مشخص نمایید، چھ سیستم آب رسانی موجود است؟

Distribution from Tanker توزیع از طریق تانکرھا

Well Water آب چاه

Canal کانال یا کاریز

River stream جریان آب دریا

6. Is the quantity of water enough for using and drinking for each family member? آیا مقدار آب برای استفاده و نوشیدن ھر یک از اعضای فامیل کافی است؟

a. Yes بلی b. Partly تا حدی

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c. Insufficient کافی نیست 7. If partly and insufficient of quantity as them the specific description (write what

they say اگر بر اساس شرح آن ھا آب تا حدی کافی است و یا کافی نیست ( آن چھ را می گویند بنویسید)

For drinking برای نوشیدن For using for domestic purpose

بھ منظور استفاده ی فامیلی

8. Is the drinking water clear? آیا آب آشامیدنی پاک است؟

a. Yes بلی b. No نھ خیر

9. İs there any diarrheal, skin infection, eye infection (frequently occurred cases)? دیده می شود ( یا مشکل صحی کھ مرتبآ تکرار شود)اسھال، التھاب جلدی، التھاب چشم آی در ساحھ مواردی چون

a. Yes بلی b. No خیر

10. If yes, please specify the number of children in HH with diarrhoea and/or skin and Eye infection in the past 7-8 days?

روز گذشتھ در خانواده ھا مصاب بھ اسھال و یا التھاب چشم و جلد شده اند؟ 8-7اگر بلی، لطفن مشخص نمایید کھ چھ تعداد از اطفال در a. Diarrhoea_# اسھال b. Skin infection_# التھاب جلدی c. Eye infection_# التھاب چشم

11. Is soap readily available آیا صابون بھ راحتی در دسترس است

a. Yes بلی b. Partly تا حدودی c. No نھ خیر

12. Please check the hygiene practices: Evidence of hand washing practice and use of soap? (Evidences e.g.: appearance of nails, general appearance from top to the head, smell of his/her, etc.)

را وارسی نمایید: شواھد شستن دست و استفاده از صابون؟ ( شواھد مثلن: بلندشدن ناخن، شواھد ظاھری لطفن تمرینات بھداشتی

از سر تا پا، بوی بدن آن ھا و غیره)a. Yes بلی b. Partly تا حدودی c. No نھ خیر

1. What items required for preparing meals? چھ چیزھایی برای آماده سازی غذا ضروری است؟

a. Not required/ No need ھیچ در خواستی/ ضرورتی b. Stove دیگدان c. Fuel مواد سوخت d. Cooking آشپزی e. other (please specify)_____ (لطفن مشخص نمایید ) دیگر

2. What items required for preparing food? چھ چیزھایی برای آماده سازی غذا ضروری است؟ a. Not required/ No need ھیچ درخواستی/ ضرورتی b. Flour آرد c. sugar شکر d. salt, cooking نمک، آشپزی e. dry food غذای خشک

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f. (please specify)_____ (لطفن مشخص نمایید ) دیگر 3. What items required for food storage? ___ درخواست می شود؟ برای ذخیره سازی غذاچھ چیز ھایی

Annexure 2. D.4 : Technical Survey (for shelter design and materials survey)

(A mix of focused group discussions and observations by the technical team)

Checklist for assessment

For purposes of construction: Social grouping/household unit National/cultural standards for shelter Type of shelter adopted by the displaced population Traditional building skills and construction methods Traditional means of support Traditional household lifestyle in terms of public/private use of space, cooking and food

storage, child care, hygiene practices, and other activities of daily living Assets people have brought with them] Is it possible to utilize existing structures to house people? Will the infrastructure be adequate to support a number of families? How will the adjacent communities be affected by the new settlement? Which services or

institutions (e.g. transportation, sanitation, and schools) could be challenged or overburdened?

How can this be redressed? Is it possible that populations will eventually be resettled to their communities of origin? If

so, what housing strategies might help them return? When considering repairs to existing structures, will it be cost or time-effective to rebuild on

the site? What repairs to infrastructure will need to be performed simultaneously?

Geography

Clarification of land ownership/lease Respect for local and traditional land rights Proximity to communities with cultural resources (health care, schools, markets) Proximity to communities with economic resources (labour, markets)

Infrastructure Network of roads for supplies Accessibility for trucks and construction equipment Transportation to adjacent communities Sufficient space for IDP population (3.5 m² covered space per person not including external

space) Existing or potential water supply Any issues related to power and communication Existing sanitation and drainage system Sustainable local materials for construction, fuel, and heating Existing adaptable structures or foundations Existing construction equipment Any social/security barrier for construction of houses or against the IDPs

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Topography Ground water table: minimum 3m below surface Reasonable microclimate (seasonal temperature, rain, snow, wind) Slope of 2% to 4% for drainage Slope maximum 10% for erosion Outside of flood plain and wetlands Altitude, distance above sea level (GPS for the village) Soil strength suitable for foundations and construction Soil for pit latrines to provide good infiltration which will remain above ground water table Potential for agricultural growth, access to outlying grazing and agricultural lands Seismic assessment (need to get map and information from UNOCHA) Clear of endemic disease, vectors, and pest Clear of exposure to radiation and Pollution

Environment

Select an open site to minimize the bulldozing and clearing required Preserve existing vegetation, forest cover and topsoil to prevent erosion Respect existing contours and natural views Take advantage of natural environmental protection such as hills that offer shelter from

winds or trees that provide shade from sun. Preserve adjacent natural resources like range land, open water courses, and other fragile

areas Identify areas for agriculture and animal husbandry Locate site downstream from drinking water collection points and upstream from washing,

bathing, and defecation areas.

Shelter design Can the shelter be easily maintained? Will it need to be refinished or repaired regularly? How might the shelter be adapted for an expanding family? How might the shelter service a physically disabled occupant? How long will the shelters last without supplementary construction? Will the structure need

insulation or waterproofing seasonally? Will parts of the structure (e.g., roofing) need to be replaced periodically?

Will funding be available for these requirements? Is simple, safe dismantling possible with reuse of material?

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Tasks Provisions Observation of

availability and access

Tentative cost

Site clearance, foundation fabrication

Shovels, wheel barrow, Level, string, concrete, Stones, wooden beams

Walls and superstructure

Framing materials, local mud/straw bricks,

Exterior construction

Roofing Interior construction

False ceiling and insulation etc., partitions, finishes and pictures

Flooring Technical skills available with the communities

- Carpentry - Masons - Skilled labour - Etc.

Shelter Kits • Shovel • Trowel • Wheelbarrow • Brick form • Water container • Timbers for roof framing • Hammer • Nails • Concrete • Mud • Sand • Plastic sheeting (if needed) • Lime • Window material • Door(s) and jamb(s

District Centre/ Town Mayor Availability of houses for rental basis Unfinished houses available Do they support the government in hosting the families in make shift temporary houses? Do they provide water and sanitation needs of the IDPs?

Documents

Situational Analysis of in Takhar and Badakhshan … Analysis of ... To meet this huge demand, ... (like in market yards, damaged houses etc.) in these seven villages of Takhar and