Sino-German Technical Cooperation ProgramSino-German Technical Cooperation Program

Environmental Strategies of Intensive Agriculture Environmental Strategies of Intensive Agriculture

in the North of China (ESIA)in the North of China (ESIA)

Structure of the PresentationStructure of the Presentation

General Background Existing Problems Negative Consequences Impacts Analysis of Possible Causes Justifications of ESIA program Pilot Regions Program Goal and Purposes Program Components Program Strategies Organization of Program Management Program Duration and Funds

General BackgroundGeneral Background

Increasing demands for food caused by fast population growth and the decrease of arable land (per person) in the past decades

About 1.2 billion people in China, less than 0.08 hectare arable land per person

General BackgroundGeneral Background

Intensified crop production

General BackgroundGeneral Background

Increasing use of various material inputs in intensive crop production

General BackgroundGeneral Background

Intensified livestock

production leads to

increasing amount

of animal wastes

Existing ProblemsExisting Problems

Irrational use of chemical fertilizers in crop production

High consumptionIn 1961 - 1997, total nitrogenous fertilizer consumption in Germany increased by 103%, but 4,175% for China

Imbalanced fertilization

Inappropriate application

Comparison of nitrogen consumption in P.R. China Comparison of nitrogen consumption in P.R. China and Germanyand Germany

19

61

/62

19

64

/65

19

67

/68

19

70

/71

19

73

/74

19

76

/77

19

79

/80

19

82

/83

19

85

/86

19

88

/89

19

91

/92

19

94

/95

19

97

/98 0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

10

00

t

year

Germany China

Existing ProblemsExisting Problems

Excessive and inappropriate use of agro-chemicals (excessive use, abuse, misuse and inappropriate application)

187 active ingredients, 800 products, 395,000 tons agro-chemicals are used national widely every year (1999)

Around 2.4 – 4.5 kg agro-chemicals (ingredients) are used in per hectare arable land

Organophosphate pesticides are still popularly used

Existing ProblemsExisting Problems

Pesticides production in P.R. China (active ingredient)

176

206226

253 261

230

263284

351 352382

395

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Quantity (1,000 tons)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Year

Existing ProblemsExisting Problems

Inappropriate management of animal wastes

Huge amount of animal wastes are produced. In total, 1.7 billion tons of animal wastes are produced in China in 1997

Discharge of animal wastes without appropriate treatment.

Negative ConsequencesNegative Consequences

Pollution of agro-environment (namely soil, surface water and underground water)

In Europe, the nitrate in drinking water must be lower than 50 ml/L, this threshold in China is 89 mg/L; 46% of intensive agriculture production regions in the north of China, nitrate contents in surface and underground water are more than 50 mg/L, it even reaches 500 mg/L in some areas.

Contamination of various agro-products, such as vegetables, fruits …

Increased cost in agriculture production

ImpactsImpacts

Threatening to the sustainability of agro-environment

Threatening to food safety, namely human health

Every year, around 100,000 people are poisoned acutely and more than 1,000 people are poisoned to death by

agro-chemicals

Impacts on the marketing of agro-products on domestic and international markets

Reduction of farmers’ income

Analysis of Possible CausesAnalysis of Possible Causes

Low awareness of environment and food safety aspects

among public

Weaknesses in national legal frameworks

Unavailability of relevant technologies

Weaknesses in government extension service

Limited access of farmers to knowledge and information

Justifications of ESIA ProgramJustifications of ESIA Program

Environment protection

Sustainable development of agriculture

Safe food for consumers

Competitiveness of agriculture products on international

markets after China’s entry to WTO

Livelihood and well-being of rural population

Rich experiences and advanced technology of Germany

Pilot RegionsPilot Regions

Hebei Province Gaocheng County

Taocheng CountyXushui County

Shandong ProvinceGuangrao CountyHuimin CountyQingzhou County

Tianjin MunicipalityNinghe Swine Farm

Program Goal and PurposesProgram Goal and Purposes

Goal: Protection and management of natural

resources in P. R. China is improved

Purposes: The pollution of vegetables, fruits and soil

with nitrate and/or chemical pesticides, and

water pollution with animal wastes is reduced in

pilot regions while keeping up high productivity

Program ComponentsProgram Components

Program Components

Component 1: Relevant decrees, regulations and standards are enacted, proposed or updated

Component 2: Producers of selected crops follow recommended Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach

Component 3: Improvement of animal waste management in intensive livestock farms

Program StrategiesProgram Strategies

Strengthening of national agricultural policy legal framework

Public awareness raising

Capacity building for government extension agency

Transfer of technologies to producers

Organization of Program ManagementOrganization of Program Management

Executing agencies

Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), on behalf of Government of P. R. China

German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), on behalf of German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

Implementing institutions

Agro-Environment Monitoring Center (AEMC) of MOA

Center for Energy and Environment Protection Technology Development (CEEPTD) of MOA

Plant Protection Institute (PPI) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS)

Soil and Fertilizer Institute (SFI) of CAAS

Program Duration and FundsProgram Duration and Funds

Program duration

started from 1st February 2002

to be ended on 31st January 2008

Program funds

German contribution: up to 5.12 Million Euro (around 42.2 Million RMB) Chinese contribution: up to 80 Million RMB