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SINGULAR
PLURAL
MASC.
FEM.
SINGULAR
PLURAL
MASC.
FEM.
DEFINITE ARTICLES
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
Choose the correct definite article.
el / la el / la el / lael / lael / lael / lael / lael / lael / lael / la
unaunaununaununununaunauna
bolafiestadocumentoventanalápizvasomundoizquierdaselvaavenida
ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES
Nouns (un repaso)Nouns (un repaso)
We can learn 3 important pieces of information from a NOUN:
Examples:
1. DEFINITION
2. GENDER (male, female)
3. NUMBER (singular, plural)
Conejo
1. Rabbit
2. Male
3. Singular
THE DEFINITION AND THE GENDER OF A NOUN WILL NEVER, EVER, EVER, EVER CHANGE!!!
How can you tell…How can you tell…The NUMBER of a noun? EXAMPLES
•If it ends in “s”, its probably PLURAL
•If it does not end with “s”, its probably SINGULAR
•Libros, mujeres, computadoras
•Pelo, familia, papel
How can you tell…How can you tell…The GENDER of a noun? EXAMPLES
•O= Masculine
•A=Feminie
•E= maybe MASCULINE and FEMININE
*If you’re not sure, you should look up the word (when in doubt, the dictionary is your friend!!!)
*There are some irregulars that break the rules…they must be memorized.
•Chico, hombro, libro
•Chica, nota, blusa
•Estudiante, paciente, cliente
*suéter, ratón, jersey
*el agua, el mapa, el problema, el artista, el aguila
ADJECTIVES…ADJECTIVES…
We can learn 3 important pieces of information from an ADJECTIVE:
Examples:
1. DEFINITION
2. GENDER (male, female)
3. NUMBER (singular, plural)
amarillo
1. yellow
2. male
3. singularTHE GENDER AND THE NUMBER OF AN ADJECTIVE WILL ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS CHANGE!!!
Adjectives must match the NUMBER Adjectives must match the NUMBER and the GENDER of the noun they and the GENDER of the noun they describe!!!!describe!!!!
HOW?!?!?!HOW?!?!?!
Every adjective can have up to 4 Every adjective can have up to 4 forms…forms…
ADJECTIVES…ADJECTIVES…
TallTall•AltoAlto•AltaAlta•AltosAltos•AltasAltas
4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…
•Masculine, singularMasculine, singular•Feminine, singularFeminine, singular•Masculine, pluralMasculine, plural•Feminine, pluralFeminine, plural
GENDER / NUMBER
***If an ADJECTIVE ends with an “o”, you can change it to “a” to make it FEMININE (and vice versa to make it masculine).
***If an ADJECTIVE ends with a vowel, add “s” to make it plural.
EstupidoEstupido•EstupidoEstupido•EstupidaEstupida•EstupidosEstupidos•EstupidasEstupidas
4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…
•Masculine, singularMasculine, singular•Feminine, singularFeminine, singular•Masculine, pluralMasculine, plural•Feminine, pluralFeminine, plural
GENDER / NUMBER
***If an ADJECTIVE ends with an “o”, you can change it to “a” to make it FEMININE (and vice versa to make it masculine).
***If an ADJECTIVE ends with a vowel, add “s” to make it plural.
StrongStrong•FuerteFuerte•FuerteFuerte•FuertesFuertes•FuertesFuertes
4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…
•Neutral, singularNeutral, singular•Neutral, singularNeutral, singular•Neutral, pluralNeutral, plural•Neutral, pluralNeutral, plural
GENDER / NUMBER
***If an ADJECTIVE ends with an “e”, it is NEUTRAL (both male and female). There is no need to change its gender
***If an ADJECTIVE ends with a vowel, add “s” to make it plural.
Hard WorkingHard Working
•trabajadortrabajador•trabajadoratrabajadora•trabajadorestrabajadores•trabajadorastrabajadoras
4 forms of an 4 forms of an ADJECTIVE…ADJECTIVE…
•Masculine, singularMasculine, singular•Feminine, singularFeminine, singular•Masculine, pluralMasculine, plural•Feminine, pluralFeminine, plural
GENDER / NUMBER
***If an adjective ends with a CONSONANT, you can add “a” (to make it feminine (by default, it is considered masculine).
***If an adjective ends with a CONSONANT, add “es” to make it plural.
How do you match the How do you match the ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?
1. First know the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. (remember this never changes)
2. Know how you will describe it (let’s say “white rabbit”)
3. Add the adjective AFTER the noun
1. El CONEJO = rabbit
MASCULINE and SINGULAR
2. BLANCO = white
MASCULINE and SINGULAR
3. El CONEJO BLANCO (white rabbit)
How do you match the How do you match the ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?
1. First know the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. (remember this never changes)
2. Know how you will describe it (let’s say “pretty woman”)
3. Change the adjective to match the noun (if it ends in “o”, change it to “a”.)
4. Write the adjective after the noun
1. La Mujer = woman
FEMININE and SINGULAR
2. BONITO = pretty
MASCULINE and SINGULAR
3. BONITO => BONITA
4. LA MUJER BONITA
How do you match the How do you match the ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?ADJECTIVE to the NOUN?
1. First know the GENDER and NUMBER of the noun. (remember this never changes)
2. Know how you will describe it (let’s say “large bags / purses”)
3. Change the adjective to match the noun (if it’s neutral, we don’t worry about gender, add “s” to make it plural).
4. Write the adjective after the noun
1. Las Bolsas = purses / bags
FEMININE and PLURAL
2. Grande = large
NEUTRAL and SINGULAR
3. GRANDE => GRANDES
4. LAS BOLSAS GRANDES
Práctica – How do you Práctica – How do you say…say…
Short boyShort boy
Short girlShort girl
Short boysShort boys
Short girlsShort girls
Strong manStrong man
Strong womanStrong woman
Strong menStrong men
Strong womenStrong women
Green shirtGreen shirt
Green shoeGreen shoe
Green shirtsGreen shirts
Green shoesGreen shoes
Lazy male catLazy male cat
Lazy female catLazy female cat
Lazy male catsLazy male cats
Lazy female catsLazy female cats
Chico bajoChico bajo
Chica bajaChica baja
Chicos bajosChicos bajos
Chicas bajasChicas bajas
Hombre fuerteHombre fuerte
Mujer fuerteMujer fuerte
Hombres fuertesHombres fuertes
Mujeres fuertesMujeres fuertes
Camisa verdeCamisa verde
Zapato verdeZapato verde
Camisas verdesCamisas verdes
Zapatos verdesZapatos verdes
Gato perezosoGato perezoso
Gata perezosaGata perezosa
Gatos perezososGatos perezosos
Gatas perezosasGatas perezosas
1.1. The Tall girlsThe Tall girls
2.2. The Long pantsThe Long pants
3.3. The White shoesThe White shoes
4.4. The Green blouseThe Green blouse
5.5. The Boring teacherThe Boring teacher
6.6. The Blue eyesThe Blue eyes
7.7. The Red hairThe Red hair
8.8. The Black sweaterThe Black sweater
PRACTiCE…PRACTiCE…Write the following phrases in Spanish…
1.1. Las chicas altasLas chicas altas
2.2. Los pantalones largosLos pantalones largos
3.3. Los zapatos blancosLos zapatos blancos
4.4. La blusa verdeLa blusa verde
5.5. ¿ ?¿ ?
6.6. Los ojos azulesLos ojos azules
7.7. El pelo rojoEl pelo rojo
8.8. El suéter negroEl suéter negro