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UCRL-JRNL-207203 Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model comparison with experiment J. J. Yoh, M. A. McClelland, J. L. Maienschein, J. F. Wardell, C. M. Tarver October 13, 2004 Journal of Applied Physics

Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

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Page 1: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

UCRL-JRNL-207203

Simulating thermal explosion ofRDX-based explosives: Modelcomparison with experiment

J. J. Yoh, M. A. McClelland, J. L. Maienschein, J.F. Wardell, C. M. Tarver

October 13, 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

Page 2: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Disclaimer

This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.

Page 3: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

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(a) (b)

Burn front

f4�4,]-�¹A±�ª]¬N¼%V�¶¯+���43����¦­��¦´��W³&#x¬®¶�¬Y³P­1¯C¶&�4eC¯�°KµD����¦´b� ­�#�¯C¶&��´��{³&#�¯��'� ³C¬�� °�¯�³P´���� ´����¦­��¦´��%´�$"Q@F�--ª[µ ¼%Vg´��1­r��43����¦­��¦´��K������ ��1­1¶�¬®­1¯�°W�"�¦­�#�¶�¬��,� °=µ, �¶&�K�x¶´��£¬�3 ¬®­��¦´��7°� �¯d­1´�¯+*)�£¬��x°���� 3�#�´Y­0�x¶´,°� x³P­P3 ¬��1¯��.-

�PN

Page 28: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Inverse Temperature (oK-1 x 103)

Tim

eto

Exp

losi

on(s

econ

ds)

1.9 2 2.1 2.2

101

102

103

104

ALE3D Model

ExperimentalRecords (2002)

f4�4,]-�IA±\Fc*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­¬��A¬��x°�³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�° ²V«J?0U�­�����¯���­1´d­�#�¯C¶&��¬��A¯+*)�,�¦´����¦´��](Y¯C¶&�� ��c����(Y¯C¶&�1¯ ­1¯���� ¯C¶�¬®­� �¶¯$[´Y¶J/7� » -

��R

Page 29: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Inverse Temperature (oK-1 x 103)

Tim

eto

Exp

losi

on(s

econ

ds)

1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2100

101

102

103

104ALE3D Model

ExperimentalRecords (1987)

ExperimentalRecords (2000)

f4�4,]-Y»�±\Fc*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­¬��A¬��x°�³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�° ²V«J?0U�­�����¯���­1´d­�#�¯C¶&��¬��A¯+*)�,�¦´����¦´��](Y¯C¶&�� ��c����(Y¯C¶&�1¯ ­1¯���� ¯C¶�¬®­� �¶¯$[´Y¶"V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z-

���

Page 30: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Pressure (MPa)

Bu

rnR

ate

(mm

/s)

101 102

101

102

103

C-4

PBXN-109

f4�4,]-�aA±P/P �¶�(Y¯!1x­��-´�$g­�#�¯5��¯�¬��� �¶¯�°�¶�¬®­1¯4´�$�°�¯.A£¬�3Y¶�¬®­��¦´��2$[´Y¶�µ ´Y­�#^Q@F�` �.-

f4�4,]-�*A± ²J��¯+�{°�����¯������¦´��x¬���ªG�O�,#�¯C¶&� ³C¬��>�OD)�'��¯C­1¶�Dx¼<��¯���#2 ��1¯�°2��� ­�#�¯�²V«J?0U �����] �� ¬®­��¦´����.-

��8

Page 31: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

1D STEX Mesh

(a)

2D STEX Mesh

(b)

STEELAIR GAP

HE

21 [2]HE

STEELAIR GAP

f4�4,]-ZTN±`�7¯���#�¯��% ��1¯�° ����­�#�¯F�)?�F�U �����] �� ¬®­��¦´��>-]?�#�¯^6C« ��¯���# ���J3Y¯���¯C¶�¬®­1¯�° $[¶´���¬^����� ³P¯�¬��¦´�� 3�­�#�¯³P¯��N­1¯C¶�¶�¬Y°�� ¬��<������¯ ´�$�­�#�¯�¹®« ��¯���#L´��K­�#�¯=¶&�43�#N­.- ?�#�¯^�1­1¯C¯��<� ¬�����­�#�� ³43)��¯����B����º)-�6�³.� $[´Y¶W/7� »�ªG��´Y­��#�´b�"�.¼�¸�¬��x°Lº)- »%³.� $[´Y¶�V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z- �r�Wµ ´Y­�# ¸�­�#�¯C¶¯ ¯+* ���1­���¬1*�� 3 ¬�� ª[µD (Y´��� ���¯\¼%���;/7� »R�OD)�1­1¯���"#����¦¯V¬=a�� 3 ¬��[���0�x¶¯��1¯��N­���� ­�#�¯5V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z'�OD)�1­1¯��^-

��E

Page 32: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

10-10

10-5

100

105

1010

10-8

10-6

10-4

10-2

100

102

104

106

108

T ime (µs )

∆t(µs)

- - - - -

R e m o v i n g M a s s

s h r i n k i n g ∆ t

F i x e d ∆ t

I g n i t i o n

o c c u r s

f4�4,]-�·A±%Q@���1­1´Y¶�D�´�$�­�#�¯�­�����¯+���1­1¯.�����4eC¯�°� �¶&��� 3=­�#�¯B1,�x¬��c#�´� �¶&�!´�$�­�#�¯C¶&��¬��g¯+*)�,�¦´����¦´��>- �)#�´b�"�R$[¶´�� I

#�´� �¶&�P�x¶&�¦´Y¶-­1´=�43����¦­��¦´�� ¬®­�­�����¯���� 6Cº ��� �d�.-

&P0

Page 33: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Str

ain

(%)

0 20 40 600

1

2

3

Analytical Expansionof 4130 Steel

Calculated(∆x/2, ∆x/4)

f4�4,]-ZA±5�)���] �� ¬®­1¯�°B��¯�³&#x¬���� ³C¬���¶¯.�,�1´����1¯-´�$ ³P´�� 1,��¯�°=/7� »5����¬�6C« �)?�F�U ��´,°�¯���-\?�#�¯P� ¬�����#�´A´��'�1­1¶�¬�������V¬®­!�¦´,³C¬®­��¦´��R��´ -�¹W���_f\�43 -0T,ª]¬N¼&-B?�#�¯B�1­1¶�¬���� ³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­��¦´���¬�3Y¶¯C¯��!�"�¦­�#�­�#�¯�¯����x­�D[(Y¯����1¯��g¶¯��� ��¦­J ��N­����¬®µ ´� �­-» º'#�´� �¶&��¬���³&#�¯��'� ³C¬���°�¯�³P´���� ´����¦­��¦´�� ´�$cQ@F�µ ¯�³P´���¯����x¶´���´� ��x³P¯�°^��� ­�#�¯`³P´�� 1,��¯�°^�OD)�1­1¯��^-

&.½

Page 34: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Str

ain

(%)

0 20 40 600

1

2

3

Calculated(∆x, ∆x/8)

Analytical Expansionof 4130 Steel

f4�4,]-�6Cº,±=�)���] �� ¬®­1¯�°R��¯�³&#x¬���� ³C¬���¶¯.�,�1´����1¯�´�$ ³P´�� 1,��¯�° V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z^��� ¬ 6C« �)?�F�U ��´,°�¯���-B?�#�¯B� ¬����#�´A´��R�1­1¶�¬����_���!¬®­!�¦´,³C¬®­��¦´��R��´ -d¹=���_f\�43 -�T,ª]¬N¼&-%?�#�¯B�1­1¶�¬�����³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­��¦´���¬�3Y¶¯C¯��J�"�¦­�#�­�#�¯�¯����x­�D2(Y¯����1¯��¶¯��� ��¦­0 ��N­���� ¬®µ ´� �­-» º'#�´� �¶&�-¬���³&#�¯��'� ³C¬���°�¯�³P´���� ´����¦­��¦´�� ´�$cQ@F�µ ¯�³P´���¯��0�x¶´���´� ��x³P¯�°2��� ­�#�¯4³P´�� 1,��¯�°�OD)�1­1¯��^-

& �

Page 35: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Tem

pera

ture

(oC

)

0 20 40 60

50

100

150

200

Experimental RecordInner TC

Calculated (∆x)Inner TC

Control TC

f4�4,]-06�6®±[/ ¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�°L­�#�¯C¶&��¬��5¶¯��O� ´����1¯=´�$!³P´�� 1,��¯�° /7� » ���L¬%¹®« �)?�F�U ¯+*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­.- ?�#�¯ ³P´��N­1¶´��¬��x° ���N­1¯C¶&�x¬���­�#�¯C¶&��´,³P´� �,�¦¯��d¬®¶¯'�¦´,³C¬®­1¯�°%¬®­%� ´����¦­��¦´����J��´��.-^6�¬��x° *K��� f\�43 -�6 ª[µ ¼�¸�¶¯��O� ¯�³P­��4(Y¯��4D�-�?�#�¯�x¶¯�°�� ³P­1¯�°R�43����¦­��¦´���­1¯���� ¯C¶�¬®­� �¶¯B���V¬����x¶´�* ����¬®­1¯��4DS6�°�¯.3Y¶¯C¯'�¦´b��¯C¶d­�#x¬�� ­�#�¯ �)?�F�U ¶¯��� ��¦­.-�������¯���#���0 ��1¯�°>-

&P&

Page 36: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Tem

pera

ture

(oC

)

0 20 40 60

50

100

150

200Experimental RecordInner TC

Calculated (∆x)Inner TC

Control TC

f4�4,]-"6�¹A± / ¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�°K­�#�¯C¶&��¬��-¶¯��O� ´����1¯ ´�$d³P´�� 1,��¯�°;V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z����¡¬%¹®« �)?�F�U ¯+*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­.- ?�#�¯³P´��N­1¶´�� ¬��x°^���N­1¯C¶&�x¬��£­�#�¯C¶&��´,³P´� �,�¦¯�� ¬®¶¯!�¦´,³C¬®­1¯�°�¬®­0� ´����¦­��¦´����<��´��.-�6V¬��x°_*B���Wf\�43 ->6 ª[µ ¼�¸�¶¯��O� ¯�³P­��4(Y¯��4D�-?�#�¯!�x¶¯�°�� ³P­1¯�°^�43����¦­��¦´��=­1¯���� ¯C¶�¬®­� �¶¯5����·�°�¯.3Y¶¯C¯��"#��43�#�¯C¶-­�#x¬���­�#�¯ �)?�F�Uj¶¯��� ��¦­.- ���_��¯���#^���� ��1¯�°>-

& /

Page 37: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Str

ain

(%)

0 20 40 60

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Analytic

Calculated

(∆x/4)

(∆x)

(∆x/2)

Experimental

f4�4,]-76�IA±5Fc*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­¬���¬��x°%³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�° #�´A´�� �1­1¶�¬���� ¶¯�³P´Y¶�°��!$[¶´�� ­�#�¯'���¦´b� #�¯�¬®­���� 3�­1´7­�#�¯�­�#�¯C¶&��¬��¶& ��x¬�� ¬�DK�,#x¬��1¯!$[´Y¶J/7� » -

&�N

Page 38: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Str

ain

(%)

0 20 40 60

0

1

2

3

Experimental

Analytic

(∆X) (∆x/2) (∆x/4)

Calculated

f4�4,]-76P»�±5Fc*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­¬���¬��x°%³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�° #�´A´�� �1­1¶�¬���� ¶¯�³P´Y¶�°��!$[¶´�� ­�#�¯'���¦´b� #�¯�¬®­���� 3�­1´7­�#�¯�­�#�¯C¶&��¬��¶& ��x¬�� ¬�DK�,#x¬��1¯!$[´Y¶"V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z-

&PR

Page 39: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (hour)

Str

ain

(%)

0 20 40

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Experimental

(∆t, ∆x)

(∆t/2, ∆x)

Calculated

f4�4,]-H6�aA±<?�#�¯V¯+N ¯�³P­�´�$c��¬������³C¬������ 3�¶¯.1,��¯���¯��N­���#�´b�"�2��� ­�#����)� � ¬����¦¯�°W(Y¯����1¯�� ­1¯��1­"$[´Y¶J/7� » -

&��

Page 40: Simulating thermal explosion of RDX-based explosives: Model

Time (µs)

Str

ain

(%)

0 100 200 300 4000

1

2

3

4

5

ExperimentalRecord

Calculated (∆x/4)

f4�4,]-06�*A±WFc*)� ¯C¶&����¯��N­¬���¬��x°K³C¬�� ³. �� ¬®­1¯�° #�´A´�� �1­1¶�¬����L¶¯�³P´Y¶�°���°� �¶&��� 37­�#�¯=¶�¬��,� °W¯+*)�,�¦´����4(Y¯W�,#x¬��1¯W$[´Y¶V7X<UJY��&6Cº�Z-

&P8