Signature Verification

Presented By:Arpit Jain04226g-CSE

Under the guidance of Dr.Vipin Tyagi

Content:

1. About Pattern Recognition and its application2. About Signature Verification.3. Difference from Character Recognition4. Introduction of Signature Verification5. Categories of Signature Verification 6. Approaches7. Neural Network8. Application9. Tools used10. References

About:

Basically, Signature verification is subtopic of Character Recognition and Character Recognition is subtopic of Pattern Recognition.

So, first of all question rises in our mind is WHAT IS PATTERN RECOGNITION?

What is pattern recognition?

A pattern is an object, process or event that can be given a name.

A pattern class (or category) is a set of patterns sharing common attributes and usually originating from the same source.

During recognition (or classification) given objects are assigned to prescribed classes.

A classifier is a machine which performs classification.

“The assignment of a physical object or event to one of several prespecified categeries” -- Duda & Hart

Examples of applications

• Optical Character

Recognition (OCR)

• Biometrics

• Diagnostic systems

• Military applications

• Handwritten: sorting letters by postal code, input device for PDA‘s.

• Printed texts: reading machines for blind people, digitalization of text documents.

• Face recognition, verification, retrieval. • Finger prints recognition.• Speech recognition.

• Medical diagnosis: X-Ray, EKG analysis.• Machine diagnostics, waster detection.

• Automated Target Recognition (ATR).

• Image segmentation and analysis (recognition from aerial or satelite photographs).

About Signature Verification

Signature is an identification of a person through his/her hand writing. The recognition of human hand writing is a very important research area concerning with the improvement of the interface between the human beings and the computers. If the computer is intelligent enough to understand human hand writing it will provide a more attractive and more economic man computer interface with proper person authentication and attestation.

Difference from Character recognition

Signature verification is so different with the character recognition, because signature is often unreadable and it looks like an image with particular curves that represents the writing style of a person and not as a collection of letters and words. Signature is just a symbol and a special case of handwriting

Introduction:

Signature verification is a popular research area in the field of pattern recognition and document processing. It also plays an important role in many applications concerned with security, access control or financial and contractual matters.

In signature verification techniques comparison of signatures with variation in length and height is done, which occurs even for the repetition of the signature of one single person.

Types of Forgeries:

There are three types of forgeries taken into account.

Random Forgeries: Written by those person who don’t know the shape of original signature.

Simple Forgeries: Written by a person who knows the shape of original signature without much practice.

Skilled Forgeries: Written by a person who knows the shape with much practice of the signature.

Contd…

(Original) (Random)

(Simple) Skilled

Categories of Verification Technique:

Online Verification Approach: Also called as dynamic approach where signature is captured during the writing process. e.g. Building entrance, credit card processing etc.

Offline Verification Approach: Known as static approach where signature is captured once the writing process is over and only static image is available. E.g. Bank cheque clearing etc

Approaches

Statistical PR: based on underlying statistical model of patterns and pattern classes.

Structural (or syntactic) PR: pattern classes represented by means of formal structures as grammars, automata, strings, etc.

Neural networks: classifier is represented as a network of cells modeling neurons of the human brain (connectionist approach).

Neural Network

Neural Networks provide an emerging paradigm for image recognition implementation that involves large interconnected networks of relatively simple and typically nonlinear units.

There are three entities that characterize Neural Network These are - 1. Network topology 2. characteristics of individual units 3. strategy for pattern learning

Contd:

It include some more approaches also -

1. Simple Pattern Associators

2. Feedforward-with-backpropagation learning structure.

3. Hopfield method

Contd:

Key Neural Network Concepts :

1. Overall Computational model consist of variable interconnection of simple elements.

2. Objective is for the network in the training process to develop an internal structure that enables it to correctly identify or classify new similar patterns.

3. Neural Networks are dynamic systems, whose state changes over time, in response to external inputs or an initial state.

Applications:

{1} Banks (Mostly Uses){2} Performing Financial

Transaction{3} Boarding an Aircraft{4} crossing international Borders

TOOLS USED:

For making a system the tool which I am using is MATLAB.

It is more user friendly then any other language and very vast too.

Most important reason for using this tool is because MATLAB provides Pattern Recognition tool which helps me a lot while doing my project.

MAKING GUI FOR RESULT

By using MATLAB, I am creating a GUI which helps in reading the Signature and then checking for characters and curves of Signature.

I am making this interface for just to reduce the complexity of the system for the user.

Model:

The model that we are going to use here is Prototype Model.

References

www.wikipedia.com

Y Santhosh Reddy, D Prasanna Babu “Novel Features for Off-line Signature Verification”

"An off-line signature verification usingHMMfor Random,Simple and Skilled Forgeries", Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp.