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Q.6 Show card - 1
Cultivation practice
1. Ploughing2. Tilling3. Leveling4. Puddling5. Preparing ridges and furrow6. Nursery bed preparation7. Transplantation
8. Seeding9. Pre emergence weeding10. Fertilizer application11. Intercultural operations12. Post emergence weeding13. Insect & Pest management14. Disease management15. Late Post emergence weeding16. Harvesting17. Threshing18. Transportation
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Q.7 Show card - 2
Cultivation practice
1 Ploughing2 Tilling
3 Leveling
4 Puddling
5 Preparing ridges and furrow
6 Transplantation
7 Pre emergence weeding
8 Seeding
9 Fertilizer application
10 Intercultural operations
11 Post emergence weeding
12 Insect / Pest management
13 Disease management
14 Late Post emergence weeding
15 Harvesting
16 Threshing17 Transportation
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Q.8 Show card 3
Implements
1. Wooden Plough
2. Mould board plough3. Disc Plough
4. Rotavator
5. Disc harrow
6. Spike tooth harrow
7. Spring harrow
8. Blade harrow
9. Triangular tine harrow
10. Diamond harrow11. Five-tine cultivator
12. Seven-tine Cultivator
13. Three-tine Cultivator
14. Wooden Leveler
15. Bund former
16. Broad Bed Formers
17. Puddlers
18. Cage Wheels19. Harrow cum Puddler
20. Seed drill
21. Planter
22. Seed-cum-Fertilizer Drill
23. Weeder
24. Hand sprayer
25. Engine operated power sprayer
26. Self propelled walking type reaper 27. Reaper binder
28. Tractor front and rear mounted reapers
29. Combine harvesters
30. Blade sickle
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Q.9 Show card 4
Implements
1. Wooden Plough2. Mould board plough
3. Disc Plough
4. Rotavator
5. Three-tine Cultivator
6. Five-tine cultivator
7. Seven-tine Cultivator
8. Power tiller
Q.10 Show card 5
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Needs at Ploughing / Tilling stage
1. To achieve Inversion of soil
2. Need to achieve deep tillage for sugarcane field for first crop3. Need greater depth of displacement of soil
4. To Remove unwanted roots of last crop grown
5. To break compacted soil
6. Ensure that roots have better grip of the soil
7. to facilitate proper mixing of organic manure from previous cropand ensure better microbial activity
8. Need to achieve required depth of tillage
9. To ensure that weeds and surface trash are buried
10. Maximize the moisture retention
11. Need to attain require depth for seeding
12. Open the soil for aeration
13. To let soil expose to weathering agents
14. Need to plow soil in the corners
15. Cost effective
16. Time saving17. Cover more area at a given point of time
Q.11 Show card 6
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Implements
1. Disc harrow2. Spike tooth harrow
3. Spring harrow
4. Blade harrow
5. Triangular tine harrow
6. Diamond harrow
Q.12 Show card 7
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Needs at Leveling stage
1. To ensure uniform flow of water to the field
2.Ensure that vegetable plant gets grip of the hard soil so asto increase stand-ability
3. Ensure that roots have better grip of the soil
4. Need to prevent water runoff
5. Need to level the ground
6. To achieve loosened soil
7. Ensure uniform granularity of soil
8
. Breaks clods, stirs the soil
9. uproots the early weeds and breaks soil crust
10.soil smoothening
11. To achieve early root penetration and proliferation
12.Need for finer soil particles and greater firmness in thevicinity of the seeds
1soil mulching after the rains
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14.Land shaping to provide the required gradient for drainingexcess water during rainy season
Q.13 Show card 8
Implements
1. Wooden Leveler
2. Bund former
3. Scraper
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Q.15 Show card 10
Needs
1. Smooth surface of seed bed to retain moisture2.
Need to loosen the soil to prepare seed bed in a smallcompact area
3.Transplanting method of rice cultivation ensures bettergrowth so prepare nursery bed
4.Ability to plough and till the corners of the field plot
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Q.16 Show card 11
Implements
1. Puddlers2. Cage Wheels
3. Harrow cum Puddler
4. Cultivator cum puddller
Q.17 Show card 12
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Needs at Puddling stage
1. Make the soil clayey and compact
2. Need to decrease percolation of water and increase waterholding capacity
3. homogenized puddled - break the clods
4. Sufrace soil should get buried
5. to kill weeds by decomposing them
6.facilitate transplanting of paddy seedlings by making the soilsofter
Q.18 Show card 13
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Implements
1. Transplanter
2. Seed Drill3. Dibbler
4. Seed cum fertilizer drill
Q.19 Show card 14
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Needs
Transplanta
tion
1. penetrate harder soil
2. bury weeds and trashes3. need to achive softer soil for paddy seedlings
4. to maintain row to row distance
Seeding/Sowing
1. Need to sow at adequate depth and adequate spacing
2.Ensure that there is no competition between the plantsfor nutrients, space and sunlight
3. Need to maintain row spacing
4. maintain seed to seed spacing
5. To achieve require depth of seed placement
6. gap filling for unseeded area
7.Better row spacing to avoid lodging and achieve plantgrowth
8. Manually cut the sugarcane seed sets
Q.20 Show card 15
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Implements
1. Weeder
2. Push-pull weeder
3. Three-tine Cultivator 4. Five-tine cultivator
Q.21 Show card 16
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Needs for weeding practice
Preemergenceweedin
g
1. Ensure minimum impact of the herbicide on the croptherefore pre emergence chemical weeding done
2. Minimize the possibility of re growth therefore preemergence weeding done
3. Due to broadcasted seeds manual weeding is more timetaking while spraying weedicide is more convenient inWheat
4. Time saving and cost efficient method to control weeds
5. destroyed Deep rooted and difficult weeds in preemergence stage
Postem
ergenceweeding
1. Chemical weedicides cost effective and convenient
2. Post emergence weeding also loosens the soil whichprovides better aeration
3. optimize the yield through weeding4. Use proper chemicals according to the type of weeds
5. Time saving and cost efficient method to control weeds
6. Make multiple benefits through mechanical postemergence weeding
7. To restrict the competition for nutrition and sunlightfor the crop
8. Minimize cost by mixing weedicide with sand andbroadcast it on ground
Q.22 Show card 17
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Implements1. Weeder
2. Wheel Hoe
3. Three-tine Cultivator
4. Five-tine cultivator
5. Seven-tine cultivator
Q.23 Show card 18
Needs
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Intercu
ltural
operation
1. Avoiding the use of tractor and perform the interculturaloperation exactly between the rows
2. Need to displace the ridges and cover the furrows
3. To loosen the soil and help proliferation of roots4. Helps better aeration of soil
5. To remove weeds
6. Ensure proper channelizing of water
7. Earthing up ridges
Irrigation
1. Need for timely and adequate water
2. Need to maintain the temperature of soil
3. Achieve temperature regulation of soil by irrigating in nightin summers and daytime during winters
Q.24 Show card 19
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Implements1. Hand sprayer
2. Foot sprayer
3. Engine operated power sprayer
4. Lever operated sprayers (Rocker Sprayer)
5. Tractor-mount Sprayer
Q.25 Show card 20
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Needs
CropProtection
1. Cost efficient and convenient
2. To ensure that flowers are not blown offwhile spraying pesticides
3. Convenient to spray for heighted crops
4. Regulate the amount of application
5. To avoid excessive application that might proveharmful or wasteful
6. Constant output of the machine
7. Discharge at greater length
8. Spraying at the time of pest attack
9. Effective spraying /Quality spraying10. Require less time for spraying
11. Better coverage
FertilizerApplication
1. Uniform spray of chemicals fungicides / weedicides
2.Regulate the amount of application to avoid excessiveapplication that might prove harmful or wasteful
3. constant output of the machine
4. Timely availability5. Higher tank capacity to accommodate large
volume liquid
6. improve the chances of better growth
7. Effective spraying /Quality spraying
8. Require less time for spraying
9. Better coverage
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Q.26 Show card 21
Implements
Harvesting
equipments 1. Reaper
2. Combine harvesters
3. Blade sickle
4. Diggers
5. Chopper harvester
Threshing
equ
ipment
1. Pedal operated thresher
2. Decorticator
3. Mechanical Thresher
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Q.28 Show card 22
Needs
Harvesting 1.
For sugarcane, cut from the bottom of the canewhich further prevents the unwanted growth ofthe crop which would compete with the ratoon
2.Reduce turn around time for planting at next crop
3.Harvesting at proper stage of maturity and hencefaster turnaround
4.Cut at the ground level to minimize crop stubble andfacilitate drudgery in ploughing
5.Achieve prevention of weight loss of ripe cropdue to over maturing
6.Stacking of the crop
7.To reduce harvesting duration to avoid crop damages
8.Collection of crop for making bundles
9.Loading and transportation of bundles
10. Minimize the grain loss
11.
Minimize the fodder loss
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12. Collect crop stubbles for paddy
13. Low damages in digging
Thr
eshing
1. Need to ensure minimum breakage of grains
2. Optimally utilize the crop potential and maximizethe returns
3. To Get better rate in market
4. Separating grain from kernel / cob5. Cleaning of grain
6. One pass threshing
7. Increasing utility
Q.29 Show card 23
Needs
PostHarvesting1. Storage facility
2. Availability of transport on time
3. Cheap transport in required
4. Labour availability for loading / unloading
5. Least damage to the produce while loading / unloading
/transport
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Q.30 Show card 24
Needs
Marketing
1. Market to be available nearby
2. Immediate payment of produce
3. Least formalities (filling forms / chalans etc.)
4. Least commission to be charged from middlemen
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Q.32 Show card 25
Needs
Trans
portation
1.Should be able to carry farmload to the Mandis
2.Should be able to carry load in gradient/uphill areas
3. Ability to carry full trailers sugarcane load tofactories
4.Ability to carry fodder load
5.Should transfer farm produce from field
6. Should have enough tilt to facilitate degree ofloading and avoid additional labor cost
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Q.37 Show card 26
Needs1. Already owning animals for farming purpose2. Insufficient availability of funds3. Barriers in getting loans from banks4. Very high interest rates charges by banks5. Very high interest rates charges by money lenders
6. High maintenance costs of tractors7. Apprehensions regarding the use of mechanized
equipment / tractors during off seasons8. Tractors does not suit the needs of small sized farms9. Land preparation needs are fulfilled using domestic
animals10. Easy availability of labor
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11. Cheap labor available12. Hiring tractors and mechanical equip suffices our need
Q.38 Show card 27
Needs
1. Need for faster on time operation
2. Increased labor cost / wages of agriculture labor
3. Low yield and time taken in manual/animal drawn process
4. One pass convenient operation for sprayers
5. Unavailability of low cost affordable machine6. Multipurpose machine to perform standardized process
7.Low annual usage and hence high costnot profitable of smallfamers
8. Unavailability of animated power/draught animals
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9. Increased labor cost / wages of agriculture labor
10. Availability of irrigation facilities
11. Increase in agriculture yield
12. Usage of high yielding varieties
13. Double cropping / cropping intensity
14. Labour productivity as compared to equipments
15. Other agricultural inputs and rate realization
16. Availability/ Unavailability of finance
17. Farmers overall affordability to buy a tractor ( farm income)
18. Very high interest rates charges by banks19. Very high interest rates charges by money lenders
20. High maintenance costs of tractors
21. Apprehensions tractors usage during off seasons
22. Tractors does not suit the needs of small sized farms
23. Land preparation needs are fulfilled using domestic animals
Q.39 Show card 28
Statements
1.Farming is just a way of life..no other source of income andhence the only option ( cannot sustain its livelihood withoutfarming)
2. It seems that there is always so much to do that I have littletime for myself or any leisure activities3. Success on my farm is driven by my own abilities
4. Success on my farm is driven by resorting to use ofmechanized & effective operation
5.Grow higher %age of horticulture crop and need mechanizedoperation for on time operation to realize better yield andcommitment
6. I am confident in my ability to deal with the changes that aretaking place in agriculture
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7. I dont know enough about various implements that areavailable for better farm operation
8. I am not aware of government programmers and financeoption available to me
9. Not confident of taking loan and feel that farm yield is highlyuncertain10. I am sure of my farm yield due which is possible through
mechanized operation11. I always keep my self abreast with the latest development in
agriculture12. I always try to improve my agriculture practices and make it
more cost effective13. I always take initiative to gather more and more information on
new developments in agriculture
14. I take up training from agri institutes for better farming15. Ready to change farm practices..adaptive to change
16. Planning to increase farm operation
17. Do not see it a point investing in farming
18. Farming is not the main source of income
19. Non farm employment by other family members
20. Wish to getting established in the farming process by supportfrom government & other agencies
21. I always like to experiment with new crop in my field
22. My fellow farmers follow me / take my guidance in farmingactivities
23. I grow crop only for commercial purpose
24. I grow crop mostly for self consumption purpose
25. Farming is my secondary occupation
26. I grow multiple crops at a time
27. I prefer growing crops which yield quick returns
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28. I prefer growing crops which yield big returns
29. I sell my produce only to the factory / mill
30. I sell maximum of my produce soon after harvesting
31. I always wait and watch for the rates to increase in the market
32. I keep a watch on the market rate of crop to decide the crop tobe grown
33. I grow a crop which is best suitable to the local condition
34. I want my children to continue farming
35. I want my children to discontinue farming and take up someother job
Q.47 Show card 29
1. 2 Wheelers
2. 4 wheelers
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3. Air Conditioner
4. Cell phone / Mobile
5. Black and White television
6. Colored television7. Plasma TV
8. LCD TV
9. Digital camera
10.Regular Refrigerator
11.Frost free Refrigerator
12.Radio/ FM
13.Hi-Fi or music centre/system
14.Home theatre system
15.Microwave oven
16.PC/Home computer
17.Vacuum cleaner
18.Video camera/camcorder
19.Video recorder/player
20.Washing machine
21.None of these