CHELSEA JADE MANIPON 3X1 BS ARCHITECTURE

PLATE TITLE: "TWO (2) STOREY SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT CENTER" AR 321 – ARCH’L DESIGN 6

PROJECT STUDY AND ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

A.1 PROJECT STUDY

1. Project studies on commercial shopping and entertainment center planning

Site planning that disregards the retail tenants’ needs will probably not succeed in today’s environment no matter how expeditious such a strategy may appear.

Unlike an office park or a residential development, shopping centers require that end-users be active participants in the site planning process. That interaction results from a professional marketing program which usually follows a market feasibility study to identify the nature of the center to be built. Once this has been determined, a preliminary conceptual site plan must be drawn and perform as prepared so the developer can negotiate.

Malls and large stores, such as supermarkets, are essential to the vitality of many activity centres, but their large expanse and blank rear and side walls can create visual and functional voids within an activity centre and its surrounding area. Poor integration of large stores can also adversely affect an activity centre’s economic and social performance. However, a well-designed mall or large store can enhance the viability of other businesses, promote a high level of street activity and provide a variety of services to the community. The key is to sensitively integrate the development into the context of surrounding uses.

INTEGRATING MALLS / LARGE STORES INTO ACTIVITY CENTRES

OBJECTIVE 6.1

To improve pedestrian and cycling access and amenity between malls/large stores and the rest of the activity centre and surrounding neighbourhood.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.1.1 – DESIGN MALLS/LARGE STORES TO FOCUS CONVENIENT AND DIRECT

PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT ON TRANSIT STOPS AND PROVIDE INTERCHANGE FACILITIES.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.1.2 – DEVELOP A PUBLIC DOMAIN OF NEW STREETS SERVING NECESSARY VEHICLE, WALKING AND CYCLING TRAFFIC THAT CONNECT THE MALL/LARGE STORE TO THE REST OF THE CENTRE.

Refocus mall developments to address these streets to ensure high quality pedestrian connectivity between all uses in the activity centre. Ensure these routes are overlooked and are lined with active frontages, and integrate into the activity centre’s layout and structure.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.1.3 – MAKE USE OF NATURAL LIGHT IN INTERNAL PUBLIC SPACES IN MALLS TO

CREATE PEDESTRIAN ‘STREETS’ THAT INTEGRATE MORE EASILY WITH SURROUNDING EXTERNAL STREETS.

For example, use arcade-style glazed roofs.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.1.4 – RECONNECT SURROUNDING RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOODS TO THE MALL/LARGE STORE BY MAKING CAR PARKING AREAS MORE COMPACT OR BY PUTTING THEM UNDERGROUND.

For example, introduce new uses such as higher density housing or other activity centre uses over the car parks where possible.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.1.5 – LOCATE CAR PARKS IN A WAY THAT MAINTAINS HIGH QUALITY PEDESTRIAN CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE MALL/LARGE STORE AND THE REST OF THE ACTIVITY CENTRE.

For example, limit extensive ground level car parks which separate the mall / large store from the rest of the centre.

OBJECTIVE 6.2

To ensure malls and large stores address streets with active frontages.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.2.1 – DESIGN MALLS/LARGE STORES TO ADDRESS SURROUNDING STREETS BY BRINGING VISUAL ACTIVITY TO STREET EDGES.

For example, provide openings in large store facades to bring activity to the street.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.2.2 – ‘WRAP’ THE EDGES OF LARGE STORES WITH SMALLER SCALE USES THAT HAVE ACTIVE FRONTAGES (SUCH AS SPECIALTY SHOPS, OR SMALL OFFICES WITH FRONTAGES TO THE SURROUNDING STREETS).

Limit blank walls, car parks or service bays from facing streets and public spaces.

MALLS AND LARGE STORES ADDRESS STREETS WITH ACTIVE FRONTAGES.‘WRAP’ LARGE STORES WITH SMALLER USES TO ACTIVATE STREET FRONTAGES.

OBJECTIVE 6.3

To ensure that malls / large stores maximise the opportunity for an increased mix of use.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.3.1 – INTRODUCE A FULL RANGE OF COMPATIBLE ACTIVITY CENTRE USES THAT ARE INTERMIXED AND WELL CONNECTED, AND LIMIT SINGLE-USE DEVELOPMENTS.

Consider office, community, educational, residential and recreational uses.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.3.2 – UTILISE THE ROOF SPACE OF LARGE STORES FOR OTHER SMALLER SCALE USES.

Realise these development opportunities for residential and commercial development. Locate the entries and exits of these uses to address street edges.

OBJECTIVE 6.4

To integrate the built form of malls and large stores into activity centres and their surrounding neighbourhoods.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.4.1 – INTEGRATE LARGER STORE FRONTAGES WITH THE PREVAILING RHYTHM AND SCALE OF EXISTING FRONTAGES ALONG ASSOCIATED STREETS.

Articulate large buildings, both in volume and surface treatments, to reflect the existing scale in the street, particularly if adjacent to existing residential areas.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.4.2 – PROVIDE A SCALE TRANSITION BETWEEN LARGE CENTRE BUILDINGS AND THEIR SURROUNDING STREETS AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.4.3 – USE HIGHER DENSITY HOUSING AS A TRANSITION TO ADJACENT EXISTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS TO REDUCE THE APPARENT SCALE AND IMPACT OF LARGE STORE BUILDINGS.

DESIGN SUGGESTION 6.4.4 – LOCATE LOADING BAYS AND SITE STORAGE AND ACCESS POINTS FOR WASTE COLLECTION AWAY FROM PUBLIC SPACES, STREETS AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS TO MINIMISE AMENITY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH COOKING EXHAUSTS, WASTE, PLANT ROOMS AND SERVICE VEHICLES.

Centres are varying concentrations of retail, commercial, civic, cultural and residential uses, often focused around public transport facilities, and supported by a walking catchment. They vary in size and type to provide a wide range of activities for people to go about their day-to-day activities. Well planned and developed centres are vibrant places where people enjoy spending time. Centres will play an increasingly important role in community living and in catering for future growth.

“concentrating a greater range of activities near one another in centres... helps to create lively functional places in which to live, work, socialise and invest”

(METROPOLITAN PLAN FOR SYDNEY 2036)

Accommodating more people and activity in centres, with access to public transport connections where possible, is a more sustainable approach for urban growth and population management. The benefits of concentrating population and activities within centres include:

• Improving access to retail, employment, health, education, leisure and

entertainment facilities, and community and personal services

• Increasing opportunities for housing choice and more diverse communities

• Encouraging collaboration, healthy competition and innovation among businesses through clustering

• Making better use of public transport improvements and existing infrastructure

• Promoting sustainable and accessible transport and healthier communities by increasing walking, cycling and public transport options for more people by making more activities available in accessible locations

• Slowing the growth of greenhouse gas emissions by reducing the number of car trips needed to access services

• Reducing pressure for development to occur in less accessible locations

• Creating lively places which operate as a focus forcommunity activity and events, and which help to build social inclusion.

Research shows that more people prefer to live closer to or within centres to access a range of goods, services and entertainment. Existing centres will need to be more compact and dense to meet the needs of a growing and changing population. New centres will need to be designed to provide a balanced mix of uses at appropriate densities to achieve sustainable growth outcomes.

Role of centres

Centres are the focus of community life. They are places where people can easily go about their daily activities. Well-designed centres are safe and vibrant places where

people live, work and gather. Centres can vary widely in size, function and character.

It is this variation across a region that makes centres interesting places and gives each its own uniqueness and importance to the local community.

How are centres structured?

Centres of all scales are characterised by a central core area, often in more urban areas they are focused around or close to a public transport node such as a railway station or bus stop. They are supported by a catchment from which local residents can easily walk or travel to the centre to access services, retail, employment and other transport services.

Depending on the role of a centre, its size and character can vary from a small collection of shops, to a dense commercial area with office towers and significant retail space. Similarly, the size of the walking catchment will vary according to local conditions and the size and function of the centre.

What makes a good centre?

Successful centres are places with a lively atmosphere, where people feel comfortable

and enjoy spending time. There are a number of key features which are common

to good centres:

• opportunities for people to work, shop, be entertained and access essential services

• offer an interesting mix of these activities

• good public transport service which is well linked to other centres and nearby residential areas

• easy to move around, especially on foot, but also to cycle or drive around.

Good centres also have a range of housing options so that a diverse community can live within and around the centre. This includes a variety of housing types and dwelling sizes to cater for a range of households and a mix of private, public and affordable housing options. Residents living in the centre and its walking catchment are crucial to making it a vibrant place; with activity not just during the working week, but also on weekends and in the evenings. Local residents also provide a solid support base for restaurants, cafes, entertainment and cultural activities, making them more viable.

Successful centres are also attractive places which offer an interesting streetscape with good architectural design, retain important natural features and heritage elements, good parks and urban spaces and feature a high quality public domain. These centres offer opportunities for the community to interact and gather in attractive and well-designed public spaces.

2. Commercial shopping and entertainment center characteristics.

Shopping Center

In contrast to the various characteristic forms of shopping and business precincts which have grown up in cities and suburban districts, the term “shopping center” is taken to denote a deliberately planned and developed “artificial” concentration of retail outlets and service company premises – managed and operated as a unified entity. Shopping centers thus involve a cooperative system within the retail trade.

The generally accepted definition of this specialized form of commerce is that applied by the Urban Land Institute, Washington, which has also been used for many years by the International Council of Shopping Centers, New York:

“A group of retail or other commercial establishments that is planned, developed, owned and managed as a single property. On-site parking is provided. The center’s size and orientation are generally determined by the market characteristics of the trade area served by the center. The two main configurations of shopping centers are malls and open-air strip centers.”

E ntertainment center

- is an establishment marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, and often entirely indoors or associated with a larger operation such as a theme park and play zones. It that offers different ways to have fun.

- Urban entertainment centers involve a combination of entertainment, adventure, shopping and communication, seeking to exploit their synergistic effect. The most appropriate locations are inner-city sites capable of attracting tourists as well as regular local visitors with the necessary purchasing potential. The components of an urban entertainment center include recreation-oriented retail outlets (merchandising), as well as various forms of entertainment and recreation (multiplex cinemas, family entertainment centers, musical theaters and theme-based restaurant concepts).

3. Existing and future trends.

After centuries, the enclosed shopping mall separated urbanity and shopping activity from each other. These fully-enclosed and environmentally controlled consumption spaces reinterpreted the urban fabric to simulate a city image and a street-like atmosphere indoors. Inside the walls a new city was created, where people shop, eat, entertain, and even sleep, get married or have

college education as in the example of the Mall of America. Today, urban fabric and shopping mall integration is becoming more important. Open space and sustainable design for shopping malls are the

rising trends in the world. So, the existing shopping malls are opening,integrating with urban fabric and continually updating themselves to competewith the emerging shopping places. This recent regeneration trend is called‘De-malling’ in the world.Every shopping mall has different reasons in need of regeneration, which can be functional, managerial or structural, so, different regeneration strategies would be necessary for each shopping mall. Examining ‘main principles and criteria for shopping mall regeneration’ would help to put forward the specific strategies for different shopping malls. Finally, unprofitable or out-of-date or degenerated shopping malls could be recovered by these regeneration strategies.

Of course, many people view going to a shopping mall as a leisure activity in itself, particularly if the mix of retail is skewed towards speciality and leisure retail. In the early years of mall development entertainment may have only stretched to the inclusion of music, an area for infrequent events or shows, or seasonal greetings. Commercial entertainment, such as bowling centres or multi screen cinemas have since become the staple entertainment offer at many centres. Ice skating rinks, children’s soft play areas and free attractions, such as fountains, are other established forms of entertainment.  This first generation of commercial entertainment has now become a standard in most retail centres and no longer a point of differentiation.

Commercial entertainment, including cinemas and bowling, has long been a popular entertainment anchor for shopping centres. This type of entertainment, which has a relatively short length of stay can work very well with in-mall dining. However, these are not new concepts and therefore it has become increasingly difficult to find gaps in the market.  As stated earlier, with ever improving in-home entertainment and gaming, such as live movie streaming and interactive games consoles, there is need to provide more ‘hands on’ entertainment. 

Ride-based FECs are still a popular genre and again, the Middle East that has the highest number of these types of attraction per head of population anywhere in the world. But there are a wide variety of other attraction genres which work well within a mall environment. Concepts which target young adults (such as Dave and Busters in the US which has been around for over 30 years) which mixes eating, drinking and entertainment have been successful. The ‘edutainment’ products such as KidZania, which is a hugely successful and innovative product, and Lego Discovery still feels fresh and interesting. 

Ski domes and other adventure sports also work well in shopping centres. Ski domes, such Ski Dubai, make can be good anchors for the mall as they can draw a large number of visitors and if well planned provide an interesting environment.

Other adventure sports, such as indoor surfing, are typically low capacity and therefore throughput but are interesting to watch for visitors not participating.  

We see further integration of entertainment in retail as inevitable in increasingly competitive markets. Shopping centres are competing with each other and on line shopping. Entertainment can be a key anchor broth in terms of driving footfall and spend, but also enhancing the image of the centre. 

As Nathalie DePetro, Director of MAPIC states, ‘The customer will still visit shopping centres with the goal of purchasing, but he will also come to spend a day of fun, fellowship and leisure with his family and friends.’

4. Sustainable design and energy efficiency of the project.

Passive Cooling Techniques

1. BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE LAYOUT and SITE PLANNING

Example : A building can be protected from direct sunlight by placing it on a location within the site that utilizes existing features such as trees, terrain etc.

2. BUILDING ORIENTATION

Example : In tropical countries such as the Philippines, it is best to place service areas in the west and east facing sides of the building because these sides are exposed to direct sunlight.

3. FACADE DESIGN

Use of Double-layered façade Use Low-emissivity glass (Low-E glass) Use of Insulation

4. CROSS VENTILATION

The circulation of fresh air through open windows, doors or other openings on opposite sides of a room

STACK EFFECT / CHIMNEY EFFECT

The tendency of air or gas in a shaft or other vertical space to rise when heated, creating a draft that draws in cooler air or gas from below

5. SUNSHADING DEVICES

VERTICAL TYPES

Vertical Sun Shades are generally used on the East-Facing and West- Facing Sides of a building

EGGCRATE TYPES - Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Shades

WIND ANALYSIS

Wind direction: Desirable and undesirable winds in each of the climatic zones depend largely on local conditions. Any breeze in the lower latitude (tropical and arid climates) is beneficial for most of the year.

Cross ventilation: Cross ventilation is far more important in the tropics than in temperate zones. The theoretical strategy for blocking or inducing wind flow into a building is based on local prevailing wind conditions. Generally, for the tropical zones as much ventilation as possible is desired.

Influences on Built Form

1. Zoning for transitional spaces -the traditional spaces used for lobbies, stairs, utility spaces, circulation, balconies and any other areas where movement take place. These areas do not require total climatic control and natural ventilation is sufficient. For the tropical and arid zones, the transitional spaces are located on the north and south sides of the building where the sun's penetration is not as great. An atrium can also be used a transitional space.

2. Use of atrium

In the tropical zone the atrium should be located so as to provide ventilation within the built form. In the arid zone the atrium should be located at the centre of the building for cooling and shading purposes.

Influences on Built Form

1. Form: Optimum building form for each climatic zone. Research has shown that the preferred length of the sides of the building, where the sides are of length x:y, are: tropical zone - 1:3

Analysis of these ratios shows that an elongated form to minimize east and west exposure is needed at the lower latitudes.

2. Orientation: Orientation as well as directional emphasis changes with latitude in response to solar angle. Building's main orientation for tropical countries would have a directional emphasis on an axis 5deg north of east

3. Vertical cores and structure The arrangement of primary mass can be used as a factor in climatic design as its position can help to shade or retain heat within the building form. For the tropical zone, the cores are located on the east and west sides of the building form, so as to help shade the building from the low angles of the sun during the major part of the day.

5. Site selection; situational analysis and visual survey of the site.

Location: J. P. Laurel Avenue corner Carmelite Street, Davao City

Zoning: The area near the road is on the Major Commercial Zone (C-2) while the lot in its back portion in on the Low density residential zone (R-1)

VICINITY MAP:

-It's the perfect location for the project for its accessibility and appropriate surrounding. The lot size is also wide enough.

THESE ARE THE STRUCTURES NEAR BY.

(The photos on top are the buildings in front of the lot. the photos on the bottom are the lot view from HB1; you can see its signage, Carmelite St.)

(Actual photos of the Site)

- It is filled with different plants. Most are banana trees.

6. Other studies to complement design approach.

Design Principles

1. Activity.

Good building and site design is integral to a thriving and animated pedestrian oriented, mixed-use district. By facilitating an active street interface in new and existing buildings, design guidelines play an essential role in encouraging pedestrian activity, invigorating commercial uses and creating a safe and pleasant environment. Inviting storefronts, paseos, arcades, plazas, sidewalk dining, and attractive pedestrian-oriented signage promote sidewalk activity. Encouraging new and viable uses for the district’s underused theaters and other historic buildings will help transform the area into a vibrant, 24-hour cultural and entertainment hub.

2. Context.

Design guidelines and standards provide regulatory flexibility to allow project applicants to take cues from the environment, historical precedent and physical site data of the surrounding district. Successful district projects help positively reinforce the identity of the Broadway Corridor by considering its context. Projects should contribute to the aesthetic and physical character of Broadway. Infill developments fit into the existing context by continuing the prevailing street wall and paying particular attention to massing, façade articulation and site planning. Guidelines and standards, along with discretionary review, will ensure compatibility with the designated National Register Historic District while permitting creativity for new infill development.

3.) Compatibility.

Projects should promote compatibility with its surroundings, both with respect to design and use. Additionally, when feasible and consistent with preservation goals, projects should incorporate design features that improve compatibility amongst a wide range of uses. Project applicants should consider rehabilitation techniques that help diminish noise, improve energy efficiency and mitigate other potential impacts. For example, the use of storm windows when rehabilitating a historic structure can serve both to attenuate sound and improve energy efficiency.

4.) Interest.

Architectural and landscape detailing that can is attractive to pedestrians can help improve the appeal and identity of the Broadway Corridor. This detailing includes storefront ornamentation, reduction of blank walls, and the appropriate variation of scale, color and texture. Guidelines and standards based upon this principle address wall surfaces, awnings, signage, architectural treatments, the provision of consistent setbacks and ground floor transparency.

5.) Quality.

As new development occurs within the district, it must positively contribute to the overall visual identity of the Broadway Corridor. Broadway’s visual appearance can be enhanced by the use of quality building materials, attention to design details, limitations on signs (size, location, number), and increased landscaping and maintenance.

6.) Maintenance.

The proper maintenance of historic structures is an overarching principle promoted within this Design Guide and will contribute to the overall attractiveness and vibrancy of the area. Building materials such as terra cotta, masonry, wood, metal, tile and terrazzo should be properly cleaned and maintained as a primary means of preserving important historic features and preventing further building

deterioration. Proper drainage should be provided to prevent water from damaging surfaces. Appropriate methods prescribed in recognized preservation guidelines should be employed. The application of protective coatings to preserve restoration work is encouraged.

7.) Sustainability.

The combination of old and new buildings on Broadway will add interest and richness to the urban fabric of Downtown. Rehabilitation of existing structures as well as new building construction present opportunities to integrate sustainable or “Green Building” concepts that reduce resource consumption and encourage natural systems for cooling, lighting and shading. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System is a benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of high performance green buildings. New construction projects are encouraged to meet LEED certification requirements and to comply with the City’s Green Building Program, as applicable. Rehabilitation projects are also encouraged to incorporate as many green building standards as possible into their Moreover, adaptive reuse reduces the amount of demolition and construction waste deposited in landfills and, lessens unnecessary demand for energy and consumption of natural resources required to build new buildings. Reinvestment into the historic core is highly encouraged because it maximizes the energy embedded in buildings and infrastructure (i.e. roads, sewer lines, etc.)

A.2 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

1. Statement of Goals and Objectives

To build a building with a sense of place To create a plan that suites its environment and its users. To design it to be beautiful and eco-friendly To plan it accordingly based on its site, climate and condition. To achieve an efficient and sustainable community To give accessibility, comfort and relaxation to its users and to maximize its advantages

2. Design Considerations

1. Architectural relationships with environment and ecology

2. Modern design for communities in public design with an understanding of site development and planning.

3. The social construction of communities.

4. Various human behaviours (socio-cultural factors) related to the project.

5. Energy efficiency in the buildings.

6. The efficient use of materials and the nature of site for energy conservation and a sustainable built environment.

3. Design Concept and Philosophy

The Design Concept of this project is Modern design with accents of local Davao designs based on its known products or symbols. Its concept is to contribute to the community by inspiring them to appreciate architecture and the beauty of nature through aesthetic landscaping and planning. To create an urban design with a "sense of place" where people can enjoy, unwind, relax, live, work and play, that on the other hand, it is also sustainable, efficient and eco-friendly. To design a place that can make everyone feel good. Its design philosophy is "Keeping in touch with Nature and Modern design is the foundation Beauty and Life."

4. Project Requirements

Rentable spaces that will house the following establishments, but not limited to: - Restaurants - Retail Stores - Coffee Shops - Entertainment areas for Billiards, Bowling, Arcades and KTV rooms - Others

Administration, Service Facilities (toilet, solid waste mgt. (MRF), security, etc) Ample parking spaces Flora and fauna/ Landscaping/ Promenade (Park Area) Common Community Area (Activity Ground) Others deemed necessary

5. Site Analysis Plan/s (Lot details/ Bearings, Utilities, Topography, and Climate)

Location: J. P. Laurel Avenue corner Carmelite Street, Davao City

Zoning: The area near the road is on the Major Commercial Zone (C-2) while the lot in its back portion in on the Low density residential zone (R-1)

VICINITY MAP:

CLIMATE: Davao City enjoys a mild tropical climate. It enjoys the privilege of a climate where the days are always sunshiny and mild followed by nights of rain. The city is outside the typhoon belt and lacks major seasonal variations. The predominant wind direction is northward from the Davao Gulf where the cooler air of the sea replaces the warm air mass over the city. Surrounding mountain chains protect the city effectively from strong winds.

TYPOGRAPHY: A substantial part of Davao City is mountainous characterized by extensive mountain ranges with uneven distribution of plateaus and lowlands. The mountain range that delimits the western boundary of the city extends as far down to South Cotabato. These mountain ranges nurses the highest

peak in the Philippines, which is Mt. Apo located at the boundaries of North Cotabato, Davao del Sur and Davao City. Mt. Apo has an elevation of about 10.311 feet (3,144 meters) above sea level. It has been considered as semi-active volcano.

The large, contiguous lowland areas of Davao City are coastal plains and valleys extending inland as greatly-rising valleys. These areas are found in the eastern part of the city in Paquibato district, which is an extension of vast lowland at the head of Davao Gulf. The other substantial lowland located in the southeastern part of the city along the western coast of the Gulf, and are in the districts of Bunawan, Buhangin, Agdao, Poblacion, Talomo and Toril. These lowland areas are level to nearly land with slopes ranging from 0 to 3 percent. These are generally composed of recent alluvium consisting of clay, silt and some sand and gravel.

Topographically, along the southeast quarter is plain and slightly hilly along the entire coast and uplands north and westward to Calinan, with slopes generally below four to five degrees. The plains and valleys merged gradually into the uplands, and the uplands in turn into the mountains. Although the eastern part of the city is a broad lowland belt, its surface is interspersed by low hill and knobs.

The entire land area of Davao is drained towards the Gulf Davao River and its numerous tributaries are the main drainage system of the city. Davao River originates from Davao Province, flows towards the south meandering along the central part and finally flows eastward emptying into the gulf at the southern periphery of the City Proper. The secondary drainage outlet of the city is the Talomo River which is the drainage outlets of the eastern slopes of Mt. Apo. There are other small rivers and streams that drain the area, but Davao and Talomo Rivers are the important river basins.

6. Site Use Development Plan (Matrices & Bubble Diagrams)

7. Must provide sketches, drawing, pictures, and diagrams to complement project study

(The Shops can be both accessible from the outside or inside. Its facade is made mostly of glass and concrete surrounded by walkways and landscaping.)

(promenade and landscaping that looks like that)

- The walkways are wide enough and there are alfresco restaurants

- An atrium that can showcase nature's beauty and at the same time using natural lighting.

SOURCES:

http://rjbrunelli.com/in-the-news/for-first-time-developers-shopping-center-pre-leasing-and-site-planning-guidelines/

http://www.dtpli.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/231282/Activity_Centre_Design_Guidelines.pdf

http://planning.lacity.org/complan/othrplan/pdf/broadway.pdf

http://www.shoppingcenters.de/en/glossar/

http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Portals/0/StrategicPlanning/draft%20Centres%20Design%20Guidelines%20March%202011_LO%20RES.pdf

http://www.academia.edu/299926/EVOLUTION_OF_SHOPPING_MALLS_RECENT_TRENDS_AND_THE_QUESTION_OF_REGENERATION

http://www.blooloop.com/features/retailtainment-history-trends-and-the-future/30670

http://www.davaocity.gov.ph/davao/profile.aspx?id=location

Disclaimer: All of the pictures are from the Google Images