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0. Basic voacbulary 1 - answers 1. length 2. height 3. width 4. depth 5. diameter 6. thickness 7. area 8. volume
0. Basic vocabulary 2 – answers length – long width – wide height – high depth – deep thickness - thick
1. General – Units of measurement In engineering 3 types of METRIC UNITS are used: 1. BASIC METRIC UNITS refer to LINEAR
DIMENSIONS, i.e. those which can be measured in a straight line and are:
a) LENGTHb) HEIGHTc) WIDTH or BREADTHd) THICKNESSe) DEPTH
Other basic units as KILOGRAMME, SECOND, RADIAN
are used to describe physical quantities as MASS, TIME, ANGLE
1. General – Units of measurement2. DERIVED METRIC UNITS DERIVED METRIC UNITS are the products of the
BASIC units and are:
AREAVOLUMECAPACITY AREA is obtained by multiplying the basic units of
LENGHT and BREADTH (WIDTH) and is measured in SQUARE METRES
1. General – Units of measurementVOLUME and CAPACITY are measured in CUBED LINEAR UNITS
as CUBIC METRES
The volume & capacity of liquids can be measured in LITRES.
VOLUME is the “ space occupied by an object or substance “
CAPACITY is the “ ability of a container or tank to hold something”.
1. General – Units of measurement3. COMPOUND METRIC UNITS COMPOUND UNITS are made up of BASIC and
DERIVED UNITS OF MEASUREMENT such as :
STRESSPOWERENERGYACCELERATIONWORK
1.1 Basic metric units- exercises The bar is three metres ( GB ) / meters ( US ) long. The bar is three meters in lenght. The bar has a lenght of three meters. The lenght of the bar is three meters.
The driving belt is sixty millimeters broad / wide. The driving belt is sixty millimeters in breadth / width. The driving belt has a breadth / width of sixty millimeters. The breadth / width of the driving belt is sixty millimeters.
The support tower is one / a hundred meters high. The support tower is one hundred meters in height. The support tower has a height of one hundred meters. The height of the support tower is one hundred meters.
1.1 Basic metric units- exercises The sheet is three millimeters thick. The sheet has a thickness of three millimeters. The thickness of the sheet is three millimeters.
The trench is two meters deep. The trench is two meters in depth. The trench has a depth of two meters. The depth of the trench is two meters.
The block has a mass of 50 kilogrammes ( GB ) / kilograms ( US ).
The block is of 50 kg. mass. The mass of the block is fifty kilogrammes.
1.2 Derived metric units - exercises The plate has an area of six square meters. The plate is six square meters in area. The area of the plate is six square meters.
The brick has a volume of one thousand six hundred cubic centimeters.
The brick is one thousand six hundred cubic centimeters in volume.
The volume of the brick is one thousand six hundred cubic centimeters.
The tank has a capacity of twenty - four cubic meters. The tank is twenty - four cubic meters in capacity. The capacity of the tank is twenty - four cubic meters.
2. Shapes - exercise
It is shaped like a circle. – It’s circular in shape.
It is shaped like a cylinder. – ...
It is shaped like a sphere. – ...
3. Tonnage
= a measure of the size or cargo carrying capacity of a ship = the amount of cargo the vessel is capable of carrying
Gross Register Tonnage
Net Tonnage
Deadweight Tonnage
3.1 Gross Register Tonnage
the entire volume of the enclosed spaces of the vessel that can be used for cargo, stores and accommodation
3.2 Net tonnage
volume that can be used to carry cargo
it is calculated by deducing the spaces that are not used for cargo from the gross tonnage
often used to calculate harbour dues
3.3 Deadweight tonnage
the weight of all the contents a vessel is capable of carrying when loaded to summer mark
4.4 Ullage
empty space on top of the liquid level that will prevent a tank from overflowing when oil expands due to heat
5. Displacement
the amount of water that the ship displaces while floating
the weight of the displaced fluid is directly proportional to the volume of the displaced fluid (if the surrounding fluid is of uniform density).
5. Displacement
Archimedes’ principls (Archimede’s principle) states that the buoyant force on an object is going to be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravitational constant, e.g. among completely submerged objects with equal masses, objects with greater volume have greater buoyancy.
6. Dimensions
Length Over All (L.O.A.)
Length between Perpendiculars
Breadth / Width
Moulded breadth
Moulded depth
Beam
6.1 Length Over All (L.O.A.)
the length from the extreme point ofstern to the extreme point of stem (bow)
6.3 Moulded breadth
the horizontal distance between the insides of the moulds
breadth at the widest point measured to the outside surface of the frames
6.4 Moulded depth
vertical distance between the insides of the moulds (including the double bottom)
the vertical distance amidships from the top of keel to the top of deck beam at the underside of the deck plating at ship's side
6.5 Beam
the extreme breadth of the vessel
important for obtaining clearance to proceed in restricted, narrow fairways
6.8 Draught (draft)
the vertical distance from the surface of the water (waterline) to the vessel's bottom
loaded draft, light draft, salt-water draft, fresh-water draft
6.9 Freeboard
the vertical distance from the water to the weather deck edge at any point in the lenght of the ship
distance between the deckline and waterline
6.10 Height or Air draught
distance from the waterline to the highest point of the vessel
vertical clearance