She has aShe has a

heart of gold.heart of gold.

Those words wereThose words were

musicmusic

to my ears.to my ears.

Metaphors use the comparison or Metaphors use the comparison or contrast of two unlike objects to contrast of two unlike objects to create one image or feeling.create one image or feeling.

Metaphors are used in all forms of Metaphors are used in all forms of writing and are common in ordinary writing and are common in ordinary speech.speech.

Metaphors are sometimes clichés.Metaphors are sometimes clichés. Metaphors are different from similes. Metaphors are different from similes.

HOW?HOW?

I wandered lonely as a cloud.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

Similes use Similes use likelike, , asas, , thanthan, and , and resembles resembles to to make comparisons. make comparisons. This simile uses This simile uses asas..

Can you make this into Can you make this into a metaphor?a metaphor?

I was a lonely, wandering cloud.

ExtendedExtended Metaphors Metaphors

An An extendedextended metaphor is a metaphor is a metaphor that is developed over metaphor that is developed over several lines of writing or even several lines of writing or even through an entire work.through an entire work.

Example: “O Captain! My Captain!” Example: “O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman.by Walt Whitman.

O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! by Walt Whitman O CAPTAIN! my captain! our fearful trip is done; The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring.

But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red! Where on the deck my captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.

O captain! my captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills For you bouquets and wreaths for you the shores a-crowding; For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.

O Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head; It is some dream that on the deck You’ve fallen cold and dead.

My captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still

My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will.

The ship is safe and sound, its voyage closed and done:

From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won!

Exult, O shores! and ring, O bells! But I, with silent tread, Walk the spot my captain lies Fallen cold and dead.

 

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EXTENDED METAPHORS

for “O Captain! My Captain!”

FOGby: Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)

The fog comes on little cat feet.   It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then moves on.

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#40 ~ Emily Dickinson 

She sweeps with many-colored brooms,And leaves the shreds behind;

Oh, housewife in the evening west,Come back, and dust the pond!

 You dropped a purple raveling in,

You dropped an amber thread;And now you’ve littered all the East

With duds of emerald! 

And still she plies her spotted brooms,And still the aprons fly,

Till brooms fade softly into stars—And then I come away.

  

Extended metaphors can appeal to Extended metaphors can appeal to the senses, like imagery.the senses, like imagery.

a spicy personality (taste)a spicy personality (taste) the sweet rain (smell or taste)the sweet rain (smell or taste) a velvet whisper (sound or touch)a velvet whisper (sound or touch) face full of sunshine (sight)face full of sunshine (sight) blanket of snow (sight or touch)blanket of snow (sight or touch)

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EXTENDED METAPHOR

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rocky, cold, broad, distant

To write an extended metaphor…

TO WHAT SENSES DO THESE WORDS APPEAL?

+ =He was a rocky cliff. His shoulders were a straight, broad ridge, snow-cold and distant.

To write an extended metaphor…