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setec
First Sino-French ConferenceOn Sustainable Urban Transport Systems
November 11-14, 2008Shanghaï, China
A Methodology for Sustainable Mobility and Transport Planning Studies
Alain BLOCH / Setec International
setec Independent Engineering Group
www.setec.fr
design…设计 master 控制
setecLe groupe SETEC
Table of Contents目录
A Brief presentation of the Setec Group Why a transport planning study? First phase: data collection and diagnosis Second phase: objectives and general scheme Third phase: tools, planning, programming, phasing Remarks about:
Consultation Modelling Communication
Feasibility Study for a Public Transport Line: a practical example (City of Caen)
3
A Methodology for Sustainable Mobility and Transport Planning Studies
setecLe groupe SETEC
A Brief Presentation of the Setec Group
founded in 1957, the setec group is now one of France’s largest engineering firms; it is completely independent
Setec 集团创建于 1957年,是法国重要的工程集团之一。
in 2008, setec has a staff of almost 1,500 in France and abroad, among them
1,000 engineers
在 2008年,在法国及国外拥有 1500多个合作伙伴。
subsidiaries and branches abroad: Hungary, Iran, Japan, Luxemburg, Marocco, Russia, Tunisia 分别在匈牙利,伊朗,日本,卢森堡,摩洛哥,俄罗斯设立常驻机构。
• annual sales in 2007 (only French subsidiaries): 143 M€
• 2007年营业额为(仅法国分公司): 1.43 亿欧元
4
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Consulting 评估
Design 设计
Supervision of Works
工程指挥
Assistance to the Owner
协助程承包人
transport economy & mobility 经济与交通
transport systems 运输系统
infrastructures 基础设施
buildings 建筑物
industry 工业
water and waste 水处理和垃圾处理
environement 环境保护
project management 项目管理
strategy, organisation 城市的战略,结构安排
urban and transport planning 规划,发展
telecommunications & Ict 远距离通讯及Ntic
intelligent transport systems 远程交通运输
for
Ranges of Services 业务领域
5
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Major projects 大型项目
Transport and infrastructures交通运输与基础设施Environement 环境Urban planning 规划Building 建筑Industry 工业Telecom 电讯
Economie des transports 交通经济Ligne à Grande Vitesse Rhin-Rhône 高速线路莱茵河至罗纳
Systèmes et équipements 系统及设备Déplacement et transport routier en Ile de France 大巴黎区的交通
Transports en commun urbains 城市公共交通Tramway de l’Agglomération Orléanaise 奥尔良城市及郊区轻轨
Infrastructures fluviales, maritimes et aéroportuaires 江河 , 沿海及航空港的基础设施Extension du port de la Condamine à Monaco 摩那哥的孔达米纳的密集型港口
Infrastructures ferroviaires 铁路基础设施Ligne ferroviaire Lyon-Turin 里昂至都灵的铁路线
Tunnels 隧道Autoroutes (A43, A87, A89,...)高速公路(A43,A87,A89…)
Ponts et routes 桥梁与公路Viaduc de Millau Millau 高架桥
Tunnel sous la Manche 英法海底隧道
6
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Major projects大型项目
Déplacements urbains 城市交通Déplacement et transport routier en Ile de France 大巴黎的交通和公路交通
Aménagement urbain 城市规划Ville nouvelle de NORTH BAHRAIN 北 BAHRAIN 新城
Déplacements urbains 城市交通Plan de déplacements urbains de l’ile-de-France (Paris)大巴黎区的城市移动图
Déplacements urbains 城市交通Révision du PDU de l’agglomération toulousaine 修正后的图卢兹城市及郊区的 PDU
7
Transport and infrastructures交通运输与基础设施Environement 环境Urban planning 规划Building 建筑Industry 工业Telecom 电讯
setecLe groupe SETEC
8
Transport Economics交通经济
Design / Building of infrastructures工程设计 / 基础设施建筑
Rolling Stock / Equipments 车辆设备
Systems系统
Tramway des Maréchaux (Paris) 巴黎轻轨Tramway in Orléans 奥尔良轻轨 Tramways in Paris area 巴黎郊区轻轨
Urban Public Transport 城市公共交通
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Urban Public Transport 城市公共交通
9
Traditional metros: Marseille, Lyon, Paris (Eole, Meteor) 传统地铁:马赛,里昂, 巴黎( Eole, Meteor)
Automatic metros: Val de Lille, Toulouse, Rennes, SAT de Roissy 自动化地铁: Val de Lille, 图卢兹 , Rennes, SAT de Roissy
Light Metro Systems (Tramway): Paris City and Paris Suburb, Caen, Nantes, Nancy, Nice, Orléans, Rouen, Strasbourg, Toulon, Valenciennes
轻轨:巴黎及巴黎区,卡昂,南特,南锡,尼斯,奥尔良,BRT: Val de Marne, Rouen, Douai, Lyon, Cannes…专用道巴士:
Urban transportation Plans and Sustainable Mobility Policies: Ile-de-France (Paris), Monaco, Toulouse, Le Mans, Tours, Pau…城市交通规划:大巴黎,摩纳哥,图卢兹,图尔...
Intermodal nodes: Nantes, Cannes, Vannes, Ile-de-France交通中转枢纽:南特,冈市,大巴黎...
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Région parisienn
e
Région parisienn
e
Valenciennes
Rouen
NancyCaen
Toulon
Nice
Orléans
Nantes
Études préalables / Expertises
项目预科研 / 评估
Maîtrise d’œuvre
项目设计总承包
Assistance à Maîtrise d’Ouvrage
甲方技术协助顾问ToulouseToulouse
Projets TCSP réalisés en France 在法国的快速公交项目
setecLe groupe SETEC
Études préalables / Expertises
项目预科研 / 评估 Tram Maréchaux Est Tram Maréchaux Ouest Bus en site propre RN 305 Tram Noisy-le-Sec / Val-de-Fontenay
Maîtrise d’œuvre
项目设计总承包 Tramway des Maréchaux Est Tramway T2 Prolongement à Bezons Tramway sur pneu CVV Tramway Villejuif / Athis-Mons Tramway SDEV (Tram Y) TVM Prolongement Ouest
~ 45 km de ligne
Projets TCSP réalisés - IDF 在大巴黎的快速公交项目
大巴黎
setecLe groupe SETEC
Modelling 交通模型
12
Model “City of Paris” 巴黎公路交通模型 Model “France” 法国公路交通模型
Model “Caen LV” 卡昂市公路交通模型Model “Caen PT” 卡昂市公交模型
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Transport Modelling
13
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Tools and methodologyA Practical Guidebook for Urban Modelling for CERTUNew software for the French Road Administration
Urban and regional modelsCaen, Marseille, Reims, Toulon ,Toulouse area (multimodal models)Paris, Lyon, Bordeaux (road models)Tokyo, Varsovie, Dakar (road models)
Intercity modelsPassenger traffic: National Multimodal Model for the French Railways (RFF), numerous High-Speed Lines in France (multimodal), Gibraltar tunnel between Spain and Marocco (multimodal), numerous road traffic models for motorways in France and abroadGoods traffic (multilodal): Lyons-Torino, Canal Seine-Nord Europe
setecLe groupe SETEC
Setec in China setec 在中国的项目
Opéra de Pékin (calcul des structures) 国家歌剧院 (结构计算 )
14
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
setecLe groupe SETEC
Why analyzing mobility?
15
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology: Why a transport planning study?
Chinese Cities: an exponential growthVery important infrastructure works in a very short timeHow to define a consistent transport system?How to build an harmonious urban development and a sustainable
transport system?
Analyzing mobility enables to answer various questions and problems:Strategy, PlanningProgrammingEstimate of economical and financial profitabilityDesign of networksEnvironmental impact (noise, air pollution, greenhouse effect)
setecLe groupe SETEC
16
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology: 3 phases
Phase 1: Data Collection and Diagnosis
Phase 2: Definition of Objectives and General Concept
Phase 3: Tools and Plan of Action / Programming
Then Special Studies about the various proposed actions.For instance, a Public Transport Project
setecLe groupe SETEC
Aims
17
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis
Getting an overall photo, and if possible, a dynamic analysis of the transport situation in a city in order to understand:
the socio-economic dynamic (population and employment growth, location of urban extensions, car ownership…)
how each mode works and their relation with urban developmentthe volume and the structure of the tripsthe dynamic of traffic: modal split, growth for each mode
Identifying the dysfunctions and the inconsistencies of the transport system
Data to be collected (documentation, statistics, surveys)Maps, aerial photos,
Physical (including ITS) and service characteristics of all transport networks
Urban planning existing documentation and projectsLocation and characteristics of specific traffic generatorsSocio-economic data (population, employment, car ownership…)Transport surveys (household surveys – see special training by CERTU -,
counts, origin-destination, car parking, travel times, location of congestion…)Safety data (accidents)Environmental problems…
setecLe groupe SETEC
Examples 1:socio-economics
18
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis
Strong population growth / suburban sprawl²
Car ownership increases with the distance to the
centre
setecLe groupe SETEC
Examples 2:structure of trips
19
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis
The household survey makes appear the main problems to be solved
A more accurate analysis of the household survey shows that inside four areas in the suburb half of the trips stay inside each of these areas
setecLe groupe SETEC
Examples 3:use of metro
20
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis
Modal Split 2004 2007 2004 2007
All modes Mechanical modes
Walk 23.0% 23.1%
Bikes 4.9% 5.6% 6.4% 7.3%
Car passenger 13,1% 12.0% 17.0% 15.6%
Car driver 49,6% 47.0% 64.4% 61.1%
Public transport
9,4% 12.4% 12.2% 16.1%
TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
The opening of a second metro line has got a huge impact upon modal split…
However, only 35-40% of the population is served by metro
setecLe groupe SETEC
Example 4: transport costs
21
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 1: Data Collection & Diagnosis
Because of suburban sprawl and intensive car use, the biggest part of transport costs is paid by households
households
companies
public authorities
private carpublic transportation
actors
TCVP
fi. publics
entreprises
ménages
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
Md€
mode
acteurs
contributionsau financement desmodes de transport
mécanisés
Distribution of financing
mechanical modes in Paris area
households
companies
public authorities
private carpublic transportation
actors
setecLe groupe SETEC
Type of questions to be answered by local leaders
22
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 2: Objectives and general cpncept
What urban development within 20 years? Volume and location of population and employment?Type of town planning (dense, spread, one or several centres,
mixed or specialized – population, employment - areas…) ?
What place for each mode (car, public transport, walk, bike…) in the various areas of the City?
What role for car in the centre?
What use for the various rings (if any)?
What objectives in terms of emission of greenhouse effect gas?
Who has to pay for transport?
setecLe groupe SETEC
Constraints to be taken into account
23
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 2: Objectives and general cpncept
Functional: some measures may produce bad effects
Time: concrete actions must be decided quickly why some measures need long time
Money: of course!
People: the transport policy must be acceptable
setecLe groupe SETEC
Type of possible schemes (for the various modes separately and combined)
24
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Radial?
Radio-concentric?
Networking?
Methodology / Phase 2: Objectives and general concept
1 change, long trips
1 or 2 changes, short trips
1 change, short trips
setecLe groupe SETEC
4 main types of complementary tools
25
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
1. Long-term actionsConsistent transport & town planning policies
2. Orientating the transport demandTransport masterplan (city, firms)E-ways of lifeTolls (infrastructures, areas…)Car parkingMultimodal ticketPublic transport fareAction for walk and bikeCarless spacesControl and punishment
3. Improving transport services– Intermodal nodes– Improving PT services– Ticketting/Information– Dynamic management of road– Carpooling, carsharing…– Taxis…
4. Developing transport supply– Metro, tramway, BRT, bus– Roads– Using railways for urban trips
setecLe groupe SETEC
Some tools: Town Planning
26
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
Town Planning is the first lever to be used in order to master or reduce car using :
Consistence between transport masterplan and town planning At the scale of local area developments
The town planners have to consider Density vs urban sprowl Mixed areas (housing and activities) vs specialized areas One center or several hierarchized centers
setecLe groupe SETEC
27
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
setecLe groupe SETEC
Some tools: Use the modes complementarity
28
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
RER
Voitureparticulière
Vélo
de
ns
ité
distance
Transport à la demande
Autopartage
Marche à pied
CovoiturageTrain
Véhicule de location
Taxis
Bus
Vélo en Libre
service
Pédibus
Métro
Tramway
Modes individuels Modes individuels publics Modes collectifs
setecLe groupe SETEC
Some tools: Developing Public Transport
29
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
At City scale Developing complementary networks Organizing intermodal nodes Finding financing sources
At area scale Sharing space Multimodal information
At individual scale Fighting poor image Comfort, safety, price...
setecLe groupe SETEC
Some tools: Levers to master road traffic
30
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
Developing a car parking policy Easy and efficient ☺ Discrimination by time ☺ But sometimes unpopular ☹ Difficulty to master private car parking ☹
Urban toll Flexible ☺ A financing source ☺ Discrimination by money ☹ Difficult and expensive to operate ☹
setecLe groupe SETEC
Some tools: Developing « light » modes (Walk, Bike)
31
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
At City scale Developing long-distance routes (continuity) Reducing urban breaks, defining a network
At area scale Thinking of pedestrians and bikers (cyclists) Sharing public space Creating short ways for pedestrians and bikers
At individual scale Fighting poor image Health
setecLe groupe SETEC
32
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Phase 3: Tools, planning, programming…
Planning Long-term scheme General orientation
Programming Medium-term programme Pluri-annual financing
Phasing Adaptation to transport needs Adaptation to financial capabilities
setecLe groupe SETEC
33
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Remarks
Consultation Various authorities must find a concensus Public consultation: compulsory in France (PDU)
Modelling A support decision toolEnables evaluation (carbon assessment)
Communication Necessity to explain policies Acting upon individual behaviours
setecLe groupe SETEC
34
Presentation
Range of Services
Our references
Methodology
Methodology / Remarks
Why modelling traffic and mobility?
Choices are made by politic leaders who need a decision support toolComplex phenomena, now and in the futureImportant impact of investments upon people life and public financesA model enables to know the sensitivity to various parameters
A model is necessarely schematic but it must not be a caricatureMust be based on reality (importance of field surveys) Must be transparent (data, assumptions)Must be considered as a tool used with critical thinking
A model is not a simple software but a complex process, including:Data basesMathematic formula Computer toolsUrban and socio-economic analysis and assumptionsCritical analysis of results, risk analysis