VOL. XL NO. 42 PAGES 56 NEW DELHI 16 - 22 JANUARY 2016 ` 8.00

REAL ESTATE & CONSTRUCTION SECTORSET TO CREATE MAXIMUM JOBS

Dr. Ranjeet Mehta

Demand for real estate has been one of thedrivers of growth in construction sector over

the last 10 years. Improvement in economic con-ditions has also created demand for real estate, ashousing continues to be a favoured investmentasset among Indian households. Real estate is,therefore, a critical sector for India’s economy dueto its large potential for employment generation,capital attraction and revenue generation. It is oneof the fastest growing sectors contributing about11 percent of India’s GDP. According to NationalSkill Development Corporation (NSDC), realestate and construction sector is set to becomethe prime employment generator in India, register-ing the maximum rise in human resource require-ment during 2013-2022.

The Indian real estate sector has backward andforward linkages to approximately 265 ancillaryindustries. The sector continues its metamorpho-sis from being largely fragmented and unorgan-ized to becoming structured and organized as itspeers in developed economies across the globe.The growing prominence of India in the global sce-nario has had a positive impact leading toincreased expectations and responsibilities on thissector.

The Central government has identified 305cities and towns under the Housing for All Mission,also called the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. It hastargeted to build 2 crore homes for urban poor bythe year 2022. Of the cities and towns identified,

74 are in Madhya Pradesh, 42 in Odisha, 40 inRajasthan, 36 in Chhattisgarh, 30 in Gujarat, 34 inTelangana, 19 in Jammu & Kashmir and 15 eachin Kerala and Jharkhand. The other states thathave signed the Memorandum of Association

(MoA) include Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur,Mizoram, Nagaland and Uttarakhand. ThisMission is expected to need 38 million workforceby 2030 from 29 million at present and is predict-ed to be the key job creator.

After the initial boom and euphoria in real estate

development and investment activities, the sectorwitnessed a lull in business activities in recentyears owing to global factors and policy logjam inthe country. With 31 out of every 100 people in thecountry living in cities or towns, India has a highernumber of people living in urban areas (377 mil-lion) than the entire population in the US (around314 million). It is estimated that this number willincrease to 590 million people, who will live inaround 60 cities (from 42 currently), by 2030.

India has the largest rural population (857 mil-lion) in the world, followed by China (635 million).However, with growing urbanization, our citiesneed to gear up to the shift as the rural populationdecreases and moves to them. The urban sectorcurrently contributes around 60 percent of India’sGDP. The link between the economic performanceof cities and the national economy is only likely toget stronger as the rate of urbanization increases.India’s growth rate will, therefore, largely dependon that of its cities. The need for efficient cities thatoffer a good quality of life is even more relevant inthis age of digital connectivity due to increasinginterlinking of urban centers around the world thatare now competing to attract talent.

The construction sector is one of the largest sea-sonal employment providers in India next only toagriculture, creating more than 45 million jobseither directly or indirectly. The sector is highlyunorganised, and is the principle industry employ-

Continued on page 55

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CAREER IN ELDERLY CARE

In India the size of the elderly popu-lation, i.e. persons above the age of

60 years is fast growing. The elderlywho accounted for 6.7 percent of totalpopulation are expected to grow over10 percent by 2021. For a developingcountry like India, this may posemounting pressures on various socioeconomic fronts including pensionoutlays, health care expenditures, fis-cal discipline, savings levels etc.Again this segment of populationfaces multiple medical and psychological problems. Thereis, therefore, an emerging need to pay greater attention toageing-related issues .

Although elderly Care is inbuilt in the value system ofIndian culture, taking care of the elderly in terms of social,economical, medical and psychological aspects has becomea challenge. This is despite improved health care systemand supports for unprecedented longevity. In order to cre-ate a supportive environment for the well-being of elderly,Government of India is fully committed and is playing a vitalrole in formulating and implementing policies in order to cre-ate an enabling environment for the older persons to lead anactive and productive life. The Ministry of Social Justice andEmpowerment, as the nodal Ministry with regard to ageingissues, provides basic policy guidelines and the roadmap fortheir implementation. It also coordinates with stakeholderssuch as the other Ministries of the Central and the StateGovernments, NGOs, civil society institutions etc.Magnitude of the problem

Currently, Asia has the largest number of world's elderly.This pressure of increasing number of elderly is expected tointensify in the next 50 years. In India as per 2011 Census,

the population of Senior Citizens is104 million constituting 8.6% of thetotal population. By 2026, the popu-lation of Senior Citizens is expectedto reach 173 million constituting 12.4per cent of the total population.

The share of people aged 60 yearsand above in the total population asper Census 2011, works out to 10.38crore out of 121.05 crore constitut-ing 8.57per centof the total popula-tion. Out of 62.31 crore male popu-

lation, elderly males are 5.10 crore constituting 8.20per centwhile out 58.74 crore female population, 5.28 crore arefemales elderly constituting 8.99per centof total female pop-ulation of the country.

Continued on page 56

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Continuous increase in lifeexpectancy means that more peopleare now living longer. Generalimprovement in the health carefacilities over the years is one of themain reasons for continousgincrease in proportion of populationof senior citizens. Ensuring that theydo not merely live longer, but lead asecure, dignified and productive lifeis a major challenge.Constitutional and LegislativeProvisions

Article 41 of the Constitution pro-vides that the State shall, within thelimits of its economic capacity anddevelopment, make effective provi-sion for securing the right to work, toeducation and to public assistance incases of unemployment, old age,sickness and disablement, and inother cases of underserved want.

The Maintenanceand Welfare of Parentsand Senior CitizensAct, 2007 was enactedin December 2007 toensure need basedmaintenance for par-ents and senior citizensand their welfare. TheAct provides for : (a)Maintenance ofParents/ senior citizens by children/relatives made obligatory and justifi-able through Tribunals,(b)Revocation of transfer of propertyby senior citizens in case of negli-gence by relatives, (c)Penal pro-vision for abandonment of senior cit-izens, (d) Establishment of Old AgeHomes for Indigent Senior Citizensand (e) Adequate medical facilitiesand security for Senior Citizens.National Policy on Older Person.

Government of India announcedthe National Policy on OlderPersons (NPOP) in 1999 to reaffirmits commitment to ensure the well-being of the older persons. ThePolicy envisages State support toensure financial and food security,health care, shelter and other needsof older persons, equitable share indevelopment, protection againstabuse and exploitation, and avail-ability of services to improve thequality of their lives.National Council for Older per-son

A National Council for OlderPersons1999 (NCOP) was constitut-ed under the Chairmanship of theUnion Minister of Social justice andEmpowerment to oversee the imple-mentation of the Policy.Integrated Program for OlderPersons

The Nodal Ministry implements theCentral Sector Scheme ofIntegrated Programme for OlderPersons (IPOP) under the Scheme,financial assistance up to 90% andin case of state 95per centof theproject cost is provided toGovernment/ Non-GovernmentalOrganizations/ Panchayati RajInstitutions/ local bodies etc. forestablishing and maintaining old agehomes, day care centres and mobileMedicare units. Several innovativeprojects have been added as beingeligible for assistance under theScheme, some of these areMaintenance of Respite Care Homesand Continuous Care Homes,Running of Day Care Centres for

Alzheimer's Disease/ DementiaPatients, Physiotherapy Clinics forolder persons, Help-lines andCounselling Centres for older per-sons, Sensitizing programmes forchildren particularly in Schools andColleges, Regional Resource andTraining Centres, Training ofCaregivers to the older persons,Awareness Generation Programmesfor Older Persons and Care Givers,Formation of Senior CitizensAssociations etc.,Programs of Other Ministries

The Rural Ministry is implementingthe Indira Gandhi National Old AgePension Scheme (IGNOAPS) underwhich Central assistance is giventowards pension @ Rs. 200/- permonth to persons above 60 yearsand @ Rs. 500/- per month to per-sons above 80 years belonging to ahousehold below poverty line andmatching contribution/ equal contri-

bution is given by StateGovts. The Ministry alsoadministers theAnnapurna Schemeunder which free foodgrains (wheat or rice)upto 10 kg. per month areprovided to destituteolder persons of 65 yearsor above who are other-wise eligible for old age

pension but are not receiving it.Ministry of Health and FamilyWelfare provides the facilities forsenior citizens such as Separatequeues for older persons inGovernment hospitals and Geriatricclinic in several government hospi-tals. The Ministry is implementing theNational Programme for the HealthCare for the Elderly (NPHCE).Ministry of Finance provides Taxbenefits for senior citizens. Ministryof Home Affairs in its advisories hasadvised the States/UTs to takeimmediate measures to ensure safe-ty and security and for elimination ofall forms of neglect, abuse and vio-lence against older Person. Ministryof Railways extends the facilities tosenior citizens such as Separateticket counters for senior citizens ofage 60 years and above, 40per cen-tand 50per centconcession in railfare for male (60 years) and female(58 years) senior citizen respectivelyand Wheel chairs at stations for oldage passengers. Air Indiaunder the Ministry of Civil Aviationprovides air fare concession up to50per centfor senior citizens. TheDepartment of Pension has set up aPension Portal to enable senior citi-zens to get information regarding thestatus of their application, theamount of pension, documentsrequired, if any, etc.. The Ministryof Law and Justice has directed theHigh Courts in the country accordpriority to cases involving older per-sons and ensures their expeditiousdisposal.Professional service to Elderly

Elderly Care profession is moresuitable to students of social Sciencefaculty, particularly, Social WorkEducation. Social work is a pro-fessional service that seeks toimprove the quality of life andenhance well being of individualsincluding elderly people.Considerable percentage of elderssuffer from life style disease likediabetes, hypertension, heart andlung diseases. They need profes-sional support/care for their for

doing daily activities..Elderly Care is, therefore, oneof the upcoming professionfor providing professionalassistance for every day livingof elders and this requiresmore attention, dedication andcommitment in addition totechnical knowledge andexperience.

Elderly care givers has more jobpotential in metropolitan Cities.Earlier, the elderly care used to bethe responsibility of their family. Thispractice is still intact in the ruralareas. However, in urban areas,especially, in states like Kerala,Punjab, Tamil Nadu and AndhraPradesh there have been a largenumber of senior citizens living with-out their children to look after them.Given the fact that 70per centof suchelders live with one or other or multi-ple ailments require assisted livingsupport for performing their Activitiesof Daily Living-(ADL). Elders affectedwith terminal illness, People livingwith all forms of Dementia,Parkinson’s disease etc., requirespecialized person centric care.These conditions have thrown a vastopportunity for short term and longterm care givers, bedside assistants,semi-qualified nursing assistants,day time carers and 24 X7 carersetc.Keeping in view of risingdemand, National Institute of SocialDefence(NISD), Ministry of SocialJustice and Empowerment isengaged in training the eligible per-son on elderly/Geriatric Care togenerate pool of geriatric Care giversin order to assist the elders who arein need. NISD has been trainingeligible persons on elderly /GeriatricCare and also through its RegionalResources Training Centres(RRTCs) located at Delhi, Kolkata,Mumbai, Imphal, Bangalore,Hyderabad and Coimbatore.

There are very few institutionswhich offer such needs based train-ing focusing elderly care. The OldAge care Division of NationalInstitute of Social Defence is aunique Institution which offers cus-tomized courses on followingstreams with a view to cater to theabove emerging needs.1. Three Month Certificate Course

on Geriatric Care is offered forthose with minimum 10 pass qual-ification. People particularly mar-ried women, widows, person whohave inclination to work for the eld-ers, transgender may also applyfor above course and work as indi-vidual Home Care giver/taker ofelderly. There is job opportunity inOld Age Homes which are mush-rooming in the country. Further,they can be absorbed in theHospitals also as helpers andNGOs working in the field of elder-ly care.

2. Six Month Certificate Course onGeriatric Care is offered for thosewith +2 qualification. It has jobpotential in Old Age Homes/DayCare Centres including palliativecare units to work as GeriatricCare givers/palliative helper andsupervisors in related NGOs.

3. One year Post Graduate Diplomain Integrated Geriatric Care(PGDIGC) is offered for thosewho have completed under gradu-ation. PGDIGC will help themwork in Old Age Homes as geri-atric care managers and offer spe-cialised services such asConducting care-planning assess-ments to identify needs, problemsand eligibility for assistance,research on ageing, screening,arranging, and monitoring in-home help and other services. Italso provides for reviewing finan-cial, legal or medical issues, offer-ing referrals to specialists to avoidfuture problems and to conserveassets, providing crisis interven-tion, making sure things are goingwell and alerting families of prob-lems. Assisting with moving theirclients to or from a retirementcomplex, assisted living facility,rehabilitation facility or nursinghome, providing client and familyeducation and advocacy andoffering counselling and support.They also have job opportunity inleading NGOs working on elderlyissues as programmeassistants/coordinators.Each course above has its own

criteria defined based on the durationand course curriculum. Youngsterswith basic minimum qualification canopt for appropriate course and aftercompletion they are absorbed intothis emerging market of care of eld-erly. The Institute is also exploringmore options to cater to the specialemerging needs of the elderly.The Author is Dy. Director (OldAge Care), National Institute ofSocial Defence, Ministry of SocialJustice & Empowerment, NewDelhi

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