8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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Non-motorized transport andclimate change

Bob Noland

 Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center 

Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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US GHG emissions by sector (2006)

33%

28%

19%

8%

6%

5% 1%

Electricity Generation

Transportation

Industry

AgricultureCommercial

Residential

Other 

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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GHG emissions from transport sector 

35%

28%

20%

7%

3%

1%0%

2%1%

2% 1%

Passenger Cars

Light-Duty Trucks

Medium- and Heavy-Duty Trucks

Buses

M torcycles

Commercial Aircraft - Domestic

Other Aircraft ± Domestic

Ships and Boats ± Domestic

Rail

PipelinesLubricants

About 17% of total from ground passenger transport

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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Transport & Climate policy

� US must reduce GHG emissions by 98% by2100

 ± Current target in some states

� 80% reduction by 2050 (from 1990 levels)

� 20% reduction by 2020 (from 1990 levels)

� Small amounts matter 

 ± A 10% shift of all travel to non-motorized gives a

1.7% reduction in total GHG emissions

 ± Life cycle effects of reducing car production and

petroleum refining lead to further decreases

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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Policies that work

� Provision of non-motorized facilities

 ± Sidewalks, bike lanes, etc.� Integration of land uses

 ± Mixed use, urban design, less sprawl

� Making cars more costly ± Road and parking charges, fuel taxes

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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Developing countries

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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Developing countries

� Most large cities are developing without

considering non-motorized options

� Funding is typically biased towards large

infrastructure projects

� Cars are seen as symbol of development

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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GHG emissions growth in China

� Recent estimates (from 2004-2010) are

about 11% per annum

� Car growth in last 5 years, about 20% per 

year ± dropped to 14% in 2008

 ± SUV¶s have 42% growth rate

8/6/2019 Session 9- "Nonmotorized Transport and Climate Change" by Bob Noland

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Conclusions

� To shift to non-motorized travel we

generally know what policies to implement

� However, equally important to prevent

those policies and plans that work against

non-motorized travel