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Session 1b. Overview. Spreadsheet Conventions Copying, Pasting, Reporting Introduction to Solver. Spreadsheet Conventions. Basic Idea: Customer-friendly Easy to Read Easy to Audit Easy to Adapt “Parameterization” “Dragability”. Spreadsheet Conventions. Clear, logical layout - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Session 1b
Decision Models -- Prof. Juran
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Overview• Spreadsheet Conventions• QAT and Ribbon• Copying, Pasting, Reporting• Introduction to Solver
Decision Models -- Prof. Juran
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Spreadsheet Conventions• Basic Idea: Customer-friendly• Easy to Read• Easy to Audit• Easy to Adapt
– “Parameterization”– “Dragability”
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Spreadsheet Conventions• Clear, logical layout• Separation across multiple sections
and/or worksheets• Clear headings for inputs, decision
variables, and outputs• Formatting for user clarity• Text boxes and cell comments
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Written Reports0. Conclusions and Recommendations
– Done last, appears first1. Managerial Problem Definition2. Formulation3. Solution Methodology4. Discussion? Appendices?
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Written Reports• Minimal Raw Spreadsheet Elements
– i. e. none• Graphical Communication
– Equation Editor– Charts, Graphs– Spreadsheet Captures
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Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)– What is it?– How to modify the QAT
The Ribbon– Tabs, Groups, Commands– How to modify the QAT
Spreadsheet Productivity
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Located at the very top left of Excel.Always visible; good place for commonly used commands.Print, formatting, zoom, etc.Advice:
– Add commands from tabs besides Home.– Or add more commands, and minimize the entire
ribbon.Many useful commands are not on the ribbon at all. The only way to access them is by adding them to the QAT. Examples:
– Open Recent File– Quick Print– Insert Chart– Camera
The Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)
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Other useful commands may be located on ribbon tabs that you wouldn’t otherwise use.
• Save As (File Tab)• Change Shape (Drawing Tools | Format
Tab)• Crop (Picture Tools | Format Tab)
To customize:• File | Options | Quick Access Toolbar, OR• Drop-down menu on the QAT
You could move the QAT below the ribbon, but that would just take up an extra line.
Modifying the QAT
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Choose the command at the left, and click Add >> to add it to the QAT.Or choose a command on the right, and click << Remove to remove it.
Modifying the QAT
To group similar commands
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Use the dropdown box to focus in on the particular category of commands you’re interested in.
Modifying the QAT
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Can add or delete groups of commands from the existing tabs in the ribbon, or add new tabs. Nomenclature:
Customizing the Ribbon
Tabs (the File tab acts differently)
Groups within the Insert tab
Commands within the Sparklines group
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• Add new customized tabs.• Resequence, rename, delete, or hide any tabs.• Add new customized groups to any tab.• Copy existing groups from one tab to another.• Resequence, rename or delete groups within a tab.• Add any command to any customized group.• Unavailable Options:
– Add or delete commands from any existing group.– Construct stacked commands
Ribbon Customization Options
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File | Options | Customize Ribbon
How to Customize the Ribbon
Show or hide tabs
Resequence tabs or groups
Current tab, or everything
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Add a new tab, or add a new group within an existing tab.Choose “Popular Commands” or “Commands Not in the Ribbon” from the “Choose command from” dropdown box at the left.Select the command you want to add to the new group, and click on the Add >> button in the middle.
Adding Commands to a Custom Group
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Choose “Main Tabs” in the left dropdown box, and choose a main tab on the right dropdown box.Select the group you want to transfer, and click the Add >> button.To remove tabs, groups, or commands from new customized groups, just select it on the right and click the << Remove button.
Adding a Group to Another Tab
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Optimization Example:Malcolm’s Glass Shop
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Managerial Problem Definition
Malcolm owns a glass-molding machine capable of producing two products: six-ounce juice glasses and ten-ounce cocktail glasses. He needs to decide how many of each product he ought to make each week in order to make the greatest profit. He is limited by the production rate of the machine, demand for one of the products, and storage space.
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FormulationDecision variables: How many to produce of two products.
Objective: Maximize Profit.
Constraints:The molding machine can only produce so many glasses in a week. There is a market limit for 6-oz glasses.There is a limit on storage space.Malcolm can’t make negative amounts of either product.
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FormulationMaximize Profit from 6-oz glasses + Profit from 10-oz
glasses
Subject to: Molding Machine capacity used for 6-oz + Molding Machine capacity used for 10-oz
<= Total Molding capacity
6-oz glasses produced <= Total Demand for 6-oz glasses
Storage Space used for 6-oz + Storage Space used for 10-oz
<= Total Storage Space
6-oz glasses produced >= 0 10-oz glasses produced >= 0
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Formulation
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FormulationMaximize:
Z = 500X1 + 450X2
Subject to: 6 X1 + 5 X2 60 1 X1 + 0 X2 8 10 X1 + 20 X2 150 1 X1 + 0 X2 0 0 X1 + 1 X2 0
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Solution Methodology
1234
56789
A B C D E F G H IDecision Variables 6-oz 10-oz
1 1
Objective Function 500 450 950
ConstraintsMolding Capacity 6 5 11 <= 60Demand for 6-oz 1 0 1 <= 8Storage Space 10 20 30 <= 150
=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B9:C9)
=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B4:C4)
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Solver Dialog Box
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1234
56789
A B C D E F G H IDecision Variables 6-oz 10-oz
6.4 4.29
Objective Function 500 450 5142.86
ConstraintsMolding Capacity 6 5 60 <= 60Demand for 6-oz 1 0 6.42857 <= 8Storage Space 10 20 150 <= 150
=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B4:C4)
=SUMPRODUCT($B$2:$C$2,B9:C9)
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Solver Answer Report1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829
A B C D E F G HMicrosoft Excel 15.0 Answer ReportWorksheet: [01b-01-malc.xlsx]OptimizedReport Created: 9/3/2014 8:20:58 AMResult: Solver found a solution. All Constraints and optimality conditions are satisfied.Solver Engine
Engine: Simplex LPSolution Time: 0 Seconds.Iterations: 3 Subproblems: 0
Solver OptionsMax Time 100 sec, Iterations 100, Precision 0.000001Max Subproblems 5000, Max Integer Sols 5000, Integer Tolerance 5%, Assume NonNegative
Objective Cell (Max)Cell Name Original Value Final Value
$E$4 Objective Function 5142.857143 5142.857143
Variable CellsCell Name Original Value Final Value Integer
$B$2 6-oz 6.428571429 6.428571429 Contin$C$2 10-oz 4.285714286 4.285714286 Contin
ConstraintsCell Name Cell Value Formula Status Slack
$E$7 Molding Capacity 60 $E$7<=$G$7 Binding 0$E$8 Demand for 6-oz 6.428571429 $E$8<=$G$8 Not Binding 1.571428571$E$9 Storage Space 150 $E$9<=$G$9 Binding 0
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Communicating GraphicallyMalcolm's Glass Problem
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
6-oz Glasses (100 cases)
10-o
z. G
lass
es (1
00 c
ases
)
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Enhancing ChartsMalcolm's Glass Problem
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
6-oz Glasses (100 cases)
10-o
z. G
lass
es (1
00 c
ases
)
Optimal Solution
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Enhancing Charts
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Conclusions and Recommendations
• Make 642 cases of 6-oz glasses and 428 cases of 10-oz glasses.
• Earn $5,143 profit.
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Summary• Spreadsheet Conventions• QAT and Ribbon• Copying, Pasting, Reporting• Introduction to Solver