SESSION 1.5 Plan of Action for ScourRequirement for Plan of Action Technical Advisory T 5140.23 (October 1991) – New bridges designed for scour – Existing bridges evaluated for

Cynthia Nurmi, P.E. Michael P. Sullivan, P.E. FHWA Resource Center – Atlanta NYSDOT, Structures Division Phone: (404) 562-3908 Bridge Safety Assurance Unit [email protected] 50 Wolf Road, POD 4-3 Albany, NY 12232 Phone: (518) 457-3094 Fax: (518) 485-8549

[email protected] Synopsis:

An updated rule of the National Bridge Inspection Standard (NBIS) was enacted on January 13, 2005. A requirement of the updated NBIS rule is the development of a Plan of Action (POA) for each bridge that is classified as scour critical according to National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Item 113. Ms. Cynthia Nurmi will share strategies used by some DOTs for developing and implementing POAs. Mr. Mike Sullivan will discuss Item 113 definitions and the scour assessment procedure used by NYSDOT.

About the Presenters:

Cynthia Nurmi graduated from Georgia Tech with a Bachelors Degree in Civil Engineering in 1984. She went on to complete her Masters in Civil Engineering in 1985 also at Georgia Tech. Cynthia began her career in the mid -1980’s working for various site development firms before joining MARTA in the Conceptual Engineering and Design Unit from 1987 to 1992. She spent the next seven years with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in Dam Safety before becoming a Hydraulic Engineer in FHWA’s Atlanta office in 1999. Cynthia has worked as Task Manager for the development of the POA Module and Workshop and has assisted over ten divisions with Plans of Action. She is a licensed professional engineer in the State of Georgia.

Mike Sullivan is a New York State licensed Professional Engineer in the Main Office Structures Design and Construction Division, NYSDOT. He graduated from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1990 with a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. Mike has been with the Department for fifteen years and has been assigned to the Bridge Safety Assurance Unit for the past seven. Prior to his work in the BSA Unit, he spent eight years in Bridge Design. He is currently responsible for maintenance and end user support for the Department’s Hydraulic, Overload, and Seismic Vulnerability programs. He is also responsible for compiling Federal NBIS (scour critical) codes for all bridges in New York State and preparing the NBIS Annual Bridge Scour Report for the FHWA. Mike is currently serving on a National Cooperative Highway Research Program panel (NCHRP Synthesis Topic 36-02 - Practices for Monitoring Scour Critical Bridges). Mike can be contacted at the address above if you have any questions or comments concerning the FHWA Plan of Action Requirements for Scour Critical Bridges.

SESSION 1.5

Plan of Action for Scour Critical Bridges

Plans of Action for Plans of Action for Scour Critical BridgesScour Critical Bridges

Mike Sullivan and Cynthia Mike Sullivan and Cynthia NurmiNurmiNYSDOT FHWA NYSDOT FHWA

Floods Occur Floods Occur ……

Floods Occur Floods Occur ……

Roads Are Damaged Roads Are Damaged ……

Roads Are Damaged Roads Are Damaged ……

Bridges Fail!Bridges Fail!

Requirement for Plan of ActionRequirement for Plan of Action

Technical Advisory T 5140.23 Technical Advisory T 5140.23 (October 1991)(October 1991)

–– New bridges designed for scourNew bridges designed for scour

–– Existing bridges evaluated for scourExisting bridges evaluated for scourIf Scour Critical,If Scour Critical,

––Plan of Action (POA) to make Bridge Plan of Action (POA) to make Bridge SafeSafe

Requirement for Plan of ActionRequirement for Plan of Action

National Bridge Inspection Standards National Bridge Inspection Standards Regulation (January 2005)Regulation (January 2005)–– 23 CFR 650.313e23 CFR 650.313e

Identify Bridges that are Scour CriticalIdentify Bridges that are Scour CriticalDevelop Plan Develop Plan

––1. Monitor Known and 1. Monitor Known and PotentialPotentialDeficienciesDeficiencies

––2. Address Critical Findings2. Address Critical Findings

–– Target Date for Completion Target Date for Completion –– January 13, 2006January 13, 2006

Components of Plan of ActionComponents of Plan of Action

Plan to Monitor Known and Potential Plan to Monitor Known and Potential DeficienciesDeficiencies–– Who, What, When, and Where?Who, What, When, and Where?

Plan to Address Critical FindingsPlan to Address Critical Findings–– Replace BridgeReplace Bridge–– Countermeasures (HEC 23)Countermeasures (HEC 23)

Plan to Monitor Known and Plan to Monitor Known and Potential DeficienciesPotential Deficiencies

Who will inspect bridgeWho will inspect bridge

–– During FloodDuring Flood–– After FloodAfter Flood–– Who NotifyWho Notify–– Authority to ActAuthority to Act


What Look For?What Look For?

–– ScourScourLimitsLimits

–– Bridge MovementBridge MovementVibration of BridgeVibration of BridgeRotation of membersRotation of membersDip in RoadwayDip in Roadway

–– Countermeasure InCountermeasure In--PlacePlace–– Instrumentation FunctioningInstrumentation Functioning



925.7925.7894.0894.0925.7925.7950.8950.8SthSth AbutAbut

918.0918.0906.0906.0951.0951.0Pier 2 Pier 2 910.0910.0905.5905.5951.1951.1Pier 1 Pier 1 924.0924.0898.8898.8924.0924.0951.2951.2Nth AbutNth Abut

CriticalCriticalScour Scour ElevElev

Bottom Bottom Piling Piling ElevElev

Bottom Bottom FootingFooting

ElevElev

Top ofTop ofRailing Railing ElevElevbb




When Inspect?When Inspect?

–– Water LevelWater Level–– FlowFlow–– During/AfterDuring/After–– Periodically/Periodically/

ContinuouslyContinuously


Where Inspect?Where Inspect?

–– Bridge Location InformationBridge Location Information

–– Scour Critical Bridges IdentifiedScour Critical Bridges IdentifiedMapsMapsGISGIS


Action: Closure ProceduresAction: Closure Procedures

–– When CloseWhen Close–– Who has AuthorityWho has Authority–– NotificationNotification

InternallyInternallyLocal OfficialsLocal OfficialsMediaMedia

–– Documentation of ClosureDocumentation of Closure–– DetourDetour


Detour MapDetour Map


Action: Reopening ProceduresAction: Reopening Procedures

–– When ReopenWhen Reopen–– Who has AuthorityWho has Authority–– NotificationNotification

InternallyInternallyLocal OfficialsLocal OfficialsMediaMedia

–– Documentation of ReopeningDocumentation of Reopening

Plan to Address Critical FindingsPlan to Address Critical Findings

Replace BridgeReplace Bridge

–– TimeframeTimeframeTemporary CountermeasuresTemporary CountermeasuresMonitoringMonitoring

Plan to Address Critical FindingsPlan to Address Critical Findings

Countermeasures Countermeasures (HEC 23)(HEC 23)

–– River TrainingRiver Training–– ArmoringArmoring–– StructuralStructural–– MonitoringMonitoring

NYSDOT Plan of Action TemplateNYSDOT Plan of Action TemplateNew York State Department of TransportationNew York State Department of TransportationPlan of Action for Scour Critical BridgesPlan of Action for Scour Critical BridgesRegion: __ County: _____________ Bridge Identification NumbeRegion: __ County: _____________ Bridge Identification Number (B.I.N.): ________ Owner: r (B.I.N.): ________ Owner:

_________________________ Year Built: _____ AADT: _______________________________ Year Built: _____ AADT: __________Feature Carried: ______________________ Feature Crossed: _____Feature Carried: ______________________ Feature Crossed: ___________________________________Location: ______________________________ Over Tidal Waters? (Location: ______________________________ Over Tidal Waters? (Y/NY/N): ___): ___Abutment Foundation Type (piles, spread footing, unknown): _____Abutment Foundation Type (piles, spread footing, unknown): _______________________________________Pier(s) Foundation Type (piles, spread footing, unknown): ______Pier(s) Foundation Type (piles, spread footing, unknown): __________________________________________Streambed Material (Rock, Boulders, Cobbles, Glacial Till, AlluvStreambed Material (Rock, Boulders, Cobbles, Glacial Till, Alluvium): _____________ium): _____________Number of Spans: ___ Continuous over Pier (Number of Spans: ___ Continuous over Pier (YY, , NN, , N/AN/A): ___ Redundant (): ___ Redundant (Y/NY/N): ___ ): ___ Critical Structure (on Evacuation Route or near Emergency FaciliCritical Structure (on Evacuation Route or near Emergency Facilities, ties, YY//NN): ___): ___NYSDOT Hydraulic Vulnerability Assessment Program ClassificationNYSDOT Hydraulic Vulnerability Assessment Program Classification Score: _____Score: _____FHWA Item 113 Code (FHWA Item 113 Code (00, , 11, , 22, , 33, , 77, or , or UU): __): __Source of Item 113 Code (Source of Item 113 Code (AA = Analysis, = Analysis, BB = Observation, = Observation, CC = HVA Assessment, = HVA Assessment, RR = assigned by Region): = assigned by Region):

______Type(s) of Inspection and Monitoring performed Type(s) of Inspection and Monitoring performed (Check all that apply)(Check all that apply)__ Biennial Inspection__ Biennial Inspection __ Interim Inspection__ Interim Inspection __ Special Inspection__ Special Inspection__ Diving Inspection__ Diving Inspection __ Fathometer Survey__ Fathometer Survey __ Post Flood __ Post Flood

InspectionInspection__ Monitoring during Flood Event (Continuous or Intermittent)__ Monitoring during Flood Event (Continuous or Intermittent)__ Scour Monitors at structure, list type of monitor______________ Scour Monitors at structure, list type of monitor__________________________________________________Criteria for Monitoring: _______________________________________Criteria for Monitoring: _________________________________________________________________Closure InstructionsClosure InstructionsCriteria for Closure: Criteria for Closure:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aut_____________________________________________________________Authorization for horization for Closure: __________________________________________________Closure: __________________________________________________

Detour Route: __________________________________________________Detour Route: ______________________________________________________________________Criteria for Reopening Structure: Criteria for Reopening Structure:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CountermeasuresCountermeasuresCountermeasures Considered: 1) _____________________________ CCountermeasures Considered: 1) _____________________________ Cost: __________ost: __________

2) ____________2) _____________________________ Cost: ___________________________ Cost: __________3) ____________3) _____________________________ Cost: ___________________________ Cost: __________

Countermeasure Recommended: ____________________________ StatuCountermeasure Recommended: ____________________________ Status: _________s: _________Countermeasure Installed: ___________________________ Countermeasure Installed: ___________________________ Date: __________Date: __________Bridge Scheduled for Replacement (Bridge Scheduled for Replacement (Y/NY/N): ___ Estimated Letting Date: ___________): ___ Estimated Letting Date: ___________Author(s) of POA: ______________________________________ Date:Author(s) of POA: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________

NYSDOT Plan of Action TemplateNYSDOT Plan of Action Template

Region: __ County: __ Region: __ County: __ Bridge Identification Number (B.I.N.): ____ Bridge Identification Number (B.I.N.): ____ Owner: _____ Year Built: _____ AADT:________Owner: _____ Year Built: _____ AADT:________Feature Carried: ____ Feature Crossed: ______Feature Carried: ____ Feature Crossed: ______Location: ___ Over Tidal Waters? (Location: ___ Over Tidal Waters? (Y/NY/N): ______): ______

Bridge InformationBridge Information


Abutment Foundation Type(piles, spread footing, unknown): _____________Pier(s) Foundation Type(piles, spread footing, unknown): _____________Streambed Material(Rock, Boulders, Cobbles, Glacial Till, Alluvium): __Number Spans: __ Continuous over Pier (Y, N, N/A): __Redundant (Y/N): ___

Bridge Information Bridge Information -- TypeType


Critical Structure(on Evacuation Route or near Emergency Facilities,Y/N): ___NYSDOT Hydraulic VulnerabilityAssessment Program Classification Score: ______FHWA Item 113 Code (0, 1, 2, 3, 7, or U): _____Source of Item 113 Code(A = Analysis, B = Observation,C = HVA Assessment, R = assigned by Region): __

Bridge Information Bridge Information -- ScourScour


Type(s) of Inspectionand Monitoring performed (Check all that apply)__ Biennial Inspection __ Interim Inspection__ Special Inspection __ Diving Inspection__ Fathometer Survey __ Post Flood Inspection__ Monitoring during Flood Event(Continuous or Intermittent) __ Scour Monitors at structure,

List type of monitor____________________Criteria for Monitoring: ____________________

Inspection Information Inspection Information -- CriteriaCriteria


Closure InstructionsCriteria for Closure: _______________________Authorization for Closure: __________________Detour Route: ____________________________Criteria for Reopening Structure: _____________

Closure Information Closure Information -- CriteriaCriteria


CountermeasuresCountermeasures Considered: 1) _____ Cost: ___

2) _____ Cost: ___3) _____ Cost: ___

Countermeasure Recommended: ___ Status: ___Countermeasure Installed: __________________ Bridge Scheduled for Replacement (Y/N): ___ Estimated Letting Date: ______

Countermeasure InformationCountermeasure Information


Author(s) of POA: _____________ Date: ______

BuyBuy--In In -- SignaturesSignatures

ImplementationImplementation

Periodic ReviewPeriodic Review–– Check Names and Phone NumbersCheck Names and Phone Numbers–– Actions Taken after EmergencyActions Taken after Emergency–– Status of Countermeasures/InstrumentationStatus of Countermeasures/Instrumentation

TrainingTraining–– Emergency ExercisesEmergency Exercises

CompleteComplete–– Change CodingChange Coding

Plans of Action for Scour Critical Plans of Action for Scour Critical BridgesBridges

Mike Sullivan and Cynthia Mike Sullivan and Cynthia NurmiNurmiNYSDOT FHWANYSDOT FHWA

Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions

What is a Scour Critical Bridge?What is a Scour Critical Bridge?

How are they coded?How are they coded?

How many are there?How many are there?

What needs to be done?What needs to be done?

Scour Critical BridgesScour Critical Bridges

A scour critical bridge is one with an abutment A scour critical bridge is one with an abutment or pier foundation rated as unstable due to or pier foundation rated as unstable due to observed, calculated, or assessed scour.observed, calculated, or assessed scour.


‘‘33’’ = Bridge is scour critical; bridge foundations = Bridge is scour critical; bridge foundations determined to be unstable for assessed or determined to be unstable for assessed or calculated scour conditions.calculated scour conditions.

‘‘22’’ = Bridge is scour critical; field review = Bridge is scour critical; field review indicates that extensive scour has occurred indicates that extensive scour has occurred at bridge foundations.at bridge foundations.


‘‘11’’ = Bridge is scour critical; field review = Bridge is scour critical; field review indicates that failure of piers and/or indicates that failure of piers and/or abutments is imminent. Bridge is abutments is imminent. Bridge is closed to traffic. closed to traffic.


‘‘00’’ = Bridge is scour critical. Bridge has failed = Bridge is scour critical. Bridge has failed and is closed to traffic.and is closed to traffic.

Additional Plan of Action BridgesAdditional Plan of Action Bridges

In addition to requiring that Plans of In addition to requiring that Plans of Action be developed for Scour Critical Action be developed for Scour Critical Bridges, the FHWA also recommends that Bridges, the FHWA also recommends that there are there are POAsPOAs for bridges coded for bridges coded ‘‘77’’ ––““Countermeasures InstalledCountermeasures Installed”” and and ‘‘UU’’ ––““Unknown FoundationsUnknown Foundations””. .

Additional Plan of Action BridgesAdditional Plan of Action Bridges

‘‘77’’ = Countermeasures have been installed to = Countermeasures have been installed to mitigatemitigate an existing problem with scour and an existing problem with scour and to reduce the risk of bridge failure during a to reduce the risk of bridge failure during a flood event. flood event.

‘‘UU’’ = Bridge with "unknown" foundation = Bridge with "unknown" foundation that has not been evaluated for scour. that has not been evaluated for scour.

Item 113 Coding ProcedureItem 113 Coding Procedure

Analyzed for Scour by Hydraulic Engineer. Analyzed for Scour by Hydraulic Engineer. -- ““newnew”” bridges built after 1991bridges built after 1991-- scour countermeasure projects scour countermeasure projects Assessed for Scour Potential using NYSDOT Assessed for Scour Potential using NYSDOT Hydraulic Vulnerability Program.Hydraulic Vulnerability Program.Assigned based on observed scour noted in Assigned based on observed scour noted in Bridge Inspection Report.Bridge Inspection Report.Assigned based on a review of the contract Assigned based on a review of the contract plans.plans.

Total Number of Bridges Requiring Total Number of Bridges Requiring a Plan of Actiona Plan of Action

State (NYSDOT) = 258State (NYSDOT) = 258

Local (City, County, Town) = 705Local (City, County, Town) = 705

Other (Bridge Authorities) = Other (Bridge Authorities) = 9292

TOTAL = 1,055TOTAL = 1,055

Number of Local Bridges Requiring Number of Local Bridges Requiring a Plan of Actiona Plan of Action

Scour Critical (Scour Critical (‘‘00’’, , ‘‘11’’, , ‘‘22’’, or , or ‘‘33’’) = 654) = 654

Countermeasures Installed ( Countermeasures Installed ( ‘‘77’’ ) = 8) = 8

Unknown Foundation ( Unknown Foundation ( ‘‘UU’’ ) = ) = 4343

TOTAL = 705TOTAL = 705

NYSDOT Plan of Action FormNYSDOT Plan of Action Form

Electronic version Electronic version (MS Access(MS Access--based) based) of the POA form of the POA form has been developed.has been developed.

NYSDOT Plan of Action FormNYSDOT Plan of Action Form

Automatically populate fields on the form with Automatically populate fields on the form with BDMS dataBDMS data

Region, County, BINRegion, County, BINOwner, Year Built, AADTOwner, Year Built, AADTFeature Carried, Feature CrossedFeature Carried, Feature CrossedLocation, Number of Spans Location, Number of Spans

Distribute POA forms to bridge owners for Distribute POA forms to bridge owners for completion.completion.

Work to be DoneWork to be Done

Inspection and MonitoringInspection and Monitoring

Closure InstructionsClosure Instructions

CountermeasuresCountermeasures

Monitor During Flood EventMonitor During Flood Event

Monitoring During Flood EventMonitoring During Flood Event

Post Flood InspectionsPost Flood Inspections

Post Flood InspectionsPost Flood Inspections

Closure InstructionsClosure Instructions

Criteria for ClosureCriteria for Closure

Authorization for ClosureAuthorization for Closure

Detour RouteDetour Route

Criteria for Reopening StructureCriteria for Reopening Structure

CountermeasuresCountermeasures

Countermeasures ConsideredCountermeasures ConsideredCountermeasure RecommendedCountermeasure RecommendedCountermeasure InstalledCountermeasure InstalledBridge Scheduled for ReplacementBridge Scheduled for Replacement

Plan of Action FormPlan of Action Form

To be completed for each bridge which is To be completed for each bridge which is coded 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, or U for Item 113coded 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, or U for Item 113Form to be signed by author of Plan of Form to be signed by author of Plan of Action (Regional Hydraulic Engineer, Action (Regional Hydraulic Engineer, County Bridge Engineer, etcCounty Bridge Engineer, etc……))Copy of completed POA form to be kept in Copy of completed POA form to be kept in BIN folder.BIN folder.Status of POA bridges will be tracked by Status of POA bridges will be tracked by NYSDOT and FHWA in the future.NYSDOT and FHWA in the future.

Contact InformationContact Information

Michael P. Sullivan, P.E.Michael P. Sullivan, P.E.NYSDOT Structures Division NYSDOT Structures Division –– BSA UnitBSA Unit50 Wolf Road50 Wolf RoadAlbany, NY 12232Albany, NY 12232Phone: (518) 457Phone: (518) 457--30943094Fax: (518) 485Fax: (518) 485--85498549EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@dot.state.ny.us

Contact InformationContact Information

Cynthia Cynthia NurmiNurmi, P.E., P.E.FHWA Resource CenterFHWA Resource Center61 Forsyth Street, SW61 Forsyth Street, SWSuite 17T26Suite 17T26Atlanta, Atlanta, GaGa 3030330303Phone: (404) 562Phone: (404) 562--39083908EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@fhwa.dot.govhttp://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/index.cfm

Documents

SESSION 1.5 Plan of Action for ScourRequirement for Plan of Action Technical Advisory T 5140.23 (October 1991) – New bridges designed for scour – Existing bridges evaluated for