Session 1&2 Mis

8/9/2019 Session 1&2 Mis

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Subject:- MISSemester II

Prof.Kratika Pradhan

Session Iand II



D ata and Information,

D ata vs. Information ± D ata:- R aw facts such as an employee¶s name, number of hours worked in

a week or sales orders.A given figure, number , fact, a number, a statement or a picture

Represents something in the real worldThe raw materials in the production Process.

± Information :- T he manipulated & pr ocessed fo rm of data is Information.D ata With a Meaning, which is converted by proper arrangement of D ata.D ata in relationshipsD ata after manipulation



G ene r al Info rm ation S p ecific Data

Technical and P hysical

1.Soil Characteristics2.Weather

3.Land Characteristics4.Production

5.Production Technology6.Labour Inputs

Economic

1 .Prices2.Buyers3.Supply and D emand.

4.Sources of credit and condition

1 .Customs and traditions2.Community organization3.Facilities and Services

Social



Data:- D ata refers quantities, volumes, things, etc.Info rm ation:- It is processed data, which can be veryuseful for decision-making.Fo r exa mp le:- A Farmers need information on technical,

physical, biological, socio-cultural, institutional, economicand even political aspects .

Processing

Information

D ecision

Making

D ata



D ata Information

D ata is the raw facts. Information is the processed data.

D ata is input. Information is output.D ata is unorganized. Information is organized.D ata can not add anything toknowledge.

Information enhances theKnowledge.

D ata does not contain an elementof surprise.

Information contain an element of surprise.

D ata is unrelated, un interpreted.Information is related and can beinterpreted.

D ata is the base of starting anactivity.

Information is the end product of an activity.

D ata cannot lead to an action. Information leads to an action.



Characteristics of useful Information

6

Figure:-Characteristics of useful information



y Accessible: easily accessible to the authorized users inright format at right time.

y Flexible : used on variety of purposes like Inventory inhand info need in sales in production in finance fordifferent purposes.

y Reliable: based on reliable data collection.y Secure : secure from unauthorized users.y Simple : not complex, simple and imp info.y Timely : on time info is imp not outdated.y Verifiable : it should be verifiable, like we check it for

correction.y Unambiguous : clear in meaning.

Characteristics of useful information



Methods of data and informationcollection

Old filesObservation

Mass media of communication and publicationsLibrary researchGovernment agenciesMeetings, seminars, workshops and conferences

InterviewsSurvey InternetPurchased from outside



Knowledge

y The process of defining relationships among data tocreate useful information requires knowledge.

y K nowledge is the awareness and understanding of aset of information and the ways that information canbe made useful to support a specific task or reach adecision.

y K nowledge workers are those who transform data in

to meaningful information.E mployers seek computer-literate professionals who knowhow to use information technology.



10

D ata, Information and Systems

Generating Information ± Computer-based IS take data as raw material,

process it, and produce information as output.

Figure Input-process-output



Define : It is derived from Greek word systemawhich means an organized relationship among functioning units.Syst em : A set of components that worktogether to achieve a common goalSubsyst em : One part of a system where theproducts of more than one system arecombined to reach an ultimate goal.

A system is a collection of people, machines,and methods organized to accomplish a set ofspecific tasks.





´A set of in terac ting and in terrela ted elemen t jo ined toge th er to ach ieve a comm on g oalµ

Syst em s are a set of in terrela ted par ts th at tu rn in puts in toout puts th roug h process ing.Subsyst em s do th e process ing.Ever y syst em has cer tain ob jective s to be ach ieved.

Ever y syst em is engaged according to cer tain ru le s, reg u la tion s, princi p le s and po licie s.Any syst em have th ese elemen ts:

INPUT PROC ESS OUTPUT

Feed back and Con trol

Envir onmen t



P roce ss iIn u t O u tp u t

Fee bac



ElementsControl Processors

Output and Input

Feedback

EnvironmentBoundaries

Interface



Interface.A boundary across which two independent systems meet.

Two systems act on or communicate with each other.In computer technology, there are several types of interfaces.User Interface

A . The keyboard, mouse, menus of a computer system.B. The user interface allows the user to communicate with the

operating system. Like GU I Gr aphical U se r Inte rf ace.Software Interface

A . The languages which is used for communicationB. The Codes use to communicate with each other, with H/W.

Hardware Interface A . The wires, plugs and sockets that hardware devices use to

communicate with each other.

To connect w ith o r inte r act w ith b y means o f an inte rf ace.



INFO RMAT ION

TECH NOLO GY

H ardware

Software

D atabases

Networks

Other relatedcomponents

are used to buildINFORMA T IONSYS TE MS

PayrollSystem

InventorySystem

MarketingSystem

Customer ServiceSystem

IS Vs ITIS Vs IT



A n informat ion sys tem( IS) is typic ally c on sidered to be a s et of interrelated element s or com ponent s that colle ct(inpu t), man ipu late( proce ss e s), and diss em inate (outpu t) data and informat ion and prov ide a feed ba ck

me chan ism to meet an obje ctive.

Information Systems



´A n Inf orma tion syst em is an arrangemen t of peop le , da ta , p rocesses, in terface s, ne tw ork s and technolog y th at in terac ts to su ppo rt and im p rove both da y-t o-da y op era tions in a

bus ine ss as well as su ppo rt th e p rob lem -solving and deci sion -making need s of managemen tµ.An Info system collects , processes, analyzes

and disseminates information for a specific pu rpo se. Information systems can also be usedto analyze problems , visualize complexsubjects, and create new products.





An Information System is an organized combination of people,hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources thatcollects, transforms and disseminates information in a organization.

Computer-based Information System



COMPONEN T OF AN INFORM ATI ON

Y TEM



Peop le

End us ers (Accoun tan ts, engineer s, cust omer s, manager s, etc)

IS speciali sts (Syst em anal ysts, p rogrammer s, devel op ers, etc.)

Hard ware

Comput er Syst em s

Comput er peri pheral s

Softw are

Syst em Softw are

App lica tion Softw are

Netw ork

Comm unica tion media

Comm unica tion softw are

LAN and WAN

Inf orma tion Syst emTran saction En try

Tran saction Process ing

Da tabase

Output

The Compo nen ts of an Inf orma tion Syst em



F igure : Components of an information system



NEED OF A N E FFICI EN T IN FORM ATIO N SYST E M

1. Create an Im pa ct on the Organ izat ion' s f unction s and Supp ort of the busi ne ss p roce ss e s and operat ion s .

2. Create D ata ba s e and Knowledge ba s e for all.3. Br ing Clar ity in Comm unicat ion and on time informat ion.

4. Im prov ing the adm inistrat ion of a busi ne ss by s treaml ining operat ion s . A nd ma inta ining discip line.

5. Br ing s a high degree of profe ssi onal ism6. Help in dire cting the ent ire organ izat ion toward s the common

goal.7. Manager ial de cisi on ma king and eff icien cy c an be increa s e.8. Create an Informat ion- ba s ed wor k Cu lture in organ izat ion.9. Improve s the Qu al ity and Timel ine ss of D e cisi on s

Informat ion Sys tem in organ izat ion.



F igure Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.



Characteristicsof information

system M anagemen t orien ted

Bus ine ss Driven

Heav y Planning Elemen t

Comm on Da ta Flow

Relia b le

In tegra ted

Di st ribut ed Syst em

Secu re

Flexi b ili ty and Ease of Use

Sub syst em conce p t

Da ta Base

Inf orma tion as Resou rce



D ata

Hardware

Software

People

Procedures



Major challenges of IS

y Building, Operating and maintaining Information system is achallenging activity now a days.y Key challenges«««.

A. Globalization and Cultural Challenge: M ultinational Info.B. Information Architecture challenge : To integrate all the resources

& elements of IS for success is a challenge and support goals of org C. Strategic business challenge : To make an org competitive &

effective.D. Responsibility and control challenge : social well being, privacy,

job security, ethics etc.E. Information system investment challenge : The results and

benefits from IS are not tangible and can not see the impact and value of information.

Documents

Session 1&2 Mis