0

A PROJECT ON

“SERVER VIRTUALIZATION WITH VMWARE”

BY

SUMIT S. BHILARE

Under the Guidance of

PROF. HIREN DAND

In Partial Fulfilment of

M.Sc. (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

DEGREE OF UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI,

JUNE – 2015

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PARLE TILAK VIDYALAYA ASSOCIATION’S

MULUND COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)

NAAC ‘A’ GRADE

MULUND [W], 400080

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I the undersigned, have great pleasure in giving my sincere thanks to those who have contributed

their valuable time in helping us to achieve the success in our project work.

I would like to thank Dr. (Mrs.) Parvathi Venkatesh (Principle) for his continued support.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof (Mr.) Hiren Dand for his constant

encouragement, which made this project a success and valuable and timely guidance, co-

operation, encouragement and time spent for this project work.

I would like to thank our IT staff for providing us sufficient information, which helped us to

complete our project successfully.

And last but not the least, I wish to thank all my friends and well-wishers who are directly or

indirectly linked with the success of our project.

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ABSTRACT

In fifth generation, VMware vSphere 5 builds on previous generations of VMware’s enterprise-

grade virtualization products. vSphere 5 extends fi ne-grained resource allocation controls to

more types of resources, enabling VMware administrators to have even greater control over how

resources are allocated to and used by virtual workloads.

With dynamic resource controls, high availability, unprecedented fault-tolerance features,

distributed resource management, and backup tools included as part of the suite, IT

administrators have all the tools they need to run an enterprise environment ranging from a few

servers up to thousands of servers.

Exploring VMware vSphere 5:

The VMware vSphere product suite is a comprehensive collection of products and features that

together provide a full array of enterprise virtualization functionality. The vSphere product suite

includes the following products and features:

VMware ESXi

VMware vCenter Server

VMware vSphere Client and vSphere Web Client

VMware vShield Zones

vSphere vMotion and Storage vMotion

Storage I/O Control and Network I/O Control

vSphere High Availability

vSphere Fault Tolerance

vSphere Storage APIs for Data Protection and VMware Data Recovery

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Objectives:

The objectives of the system are:

To simplify the management of every virtual machine with underlying virtualized

hardware, peripheral devices and software.

Deliver virtualized infrastructure services and highly available applications and services.

Automated operations management responds to issues before service quality is impacted,

increasing utilization and IT productivity.

Capacity planning and optimization identifies idle and over-provisioned VMs so you can

optimize virtual machine density, balancing cost and risk through capacity modeling.

Move and scale workloads as needed by using a common management, orchestration,

security and compliance model across vSphere-based private and public clouds.

To virtualizes the hardware for a video adapter, a network adapter, and hard disk

adapters.

To move more than one virtual machine at a time from one server host to another.

Need new innovations in cloud technology as Linux-based vCenter server appliance has

the database its own, and the host/guest count has been increased to 100 hosts and 3000 virtual

machines.

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INDEX

SR.NO TITLE PG.NO

1) INTRODUCTION 5

2) LITERATURE SURVEY 12

3) PROBLEM DEFINITION 16

4) REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SYSTEM DESIGN 20

5) PLANNING 27

6) IMPLEMENTATION 31

7) TESTING 41

8) ABOUT SYSTEM 44

9) FUTURE MODIFICATIONS 49

10) CONCLUSION & SCOPE 53

11) USER MANUAL 56

12) BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCE 87

5

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

6

INTRODUCTION

VMware vSphere and Virtualizing the IT Infrastructure –

VMware vSphere uses virtualization to transform datacenters into scalable, aggregated

computing infrastructures. A virtual infrastructure presents IT organizations with increased

flexibility in how they deliver their services. A virtual infrastructure also serves as the foundation

for cloud computing.

Cloud computing is an approach to computing that builds on virtualizations efficient pooling of

resources to create an on-demand, elastic, self-managing virtual infrastructure that can be

allocated dynamically as a service. Virtualization uncouples applications and information from

the complexity of the underlying hardware infrastructure.

Virtualization, in addition to being the underlying technology for cloud computing, enables

organizations of all sizes to make improvements in the areas of flexibility and cost containment.

For example, with server consolidation, one physical server takes on the work of many servers

by incorporating multiple servers as virtual machines. Also, ease of management and effective

resource use are products of virtualizing the datacenter. When you virtualize your datacenter,

management of the infrastructure becomes easier and you use your available infrastructure

resources more effectively. Virtualization enables you to create a dynamic and flexible

datacenter, and can reduce operating expenses through automation while also reducing planned

and unplanned downtime.

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VMware vSphere –

VMware vSphere manages large collections of infrastructure, such as CPUs, storage, and

networking, as a seamless and dynamic operating environment, and also manages the complexity

of a datacenter.

The VMware vSphere software stack is composed of the virtualization, management, and

interface layers.

Relationships between the Component Layers of VMware vSphere

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Virtualization Layer

The virtualization layer of VMware vSphere includes infrastructure services and application

services. Infrastructure services such as compute, storage, and network services abstract,

aggregate, and allocate hardware or infrastructure resources.

Application services are the set of services provided to ensure availability, security, and

scalability for applications. Examples include vSphere High Availability and Fault Tolerance.

Management Layer

VMware vCenter Server is the central point for configuring, provisioning, and managing

virtualized IT environments.

Interface Layer

Users can access the VMware vSphere datacenter through GUI clients such as the

vSphere Client or the vSphere Web Client. Additionally, users can access the datacenter through

client machines that use command-line interfaces and SDKs for automated management.

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VMware vCenter Server:

VMware vCenter Server provides a centralized platform for managing your VMware vSphere

environments so you can automate and deliver a virtual infrastructure with confidence.

What VMware vCenter Server Does:

VMware vCenter Server provides centralized visibility, proactive management and extensibility

for VMware vSphere from a single console.

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Simple Deployment

vCenter server appliance: Quickly deploy vCenter Server and manage vSphere using a

Linux-based virtual appliance.

Host profiles: Standardize and simplify how you configure and manage vSphere host

configurations. Capture the blueprint of a known, validated configuration—including

networking, storage and security settings—and deploy it to many hosts, simplifying setup. Host

profile policies can also monitor compliance.

Centralized Control and Visibility

vSphere web client: Manage the essential functions of vSphere from any browser

anywhere in the world.

vCenter single sign-on: Allow users to log in once and access all instances of vCenter

Server, without the need for further authentication.

Custom roles and permissions: Restrict access to the entire inventory of virtual

machines, resource pools and servers by assigning users to custom roles. Users with appropriate

privileges can create these custom roles, such as night-shift operator or backup administrator.

Inventory search: Explore the entire vCenter inventory—including virtual machines,

hosts, datastores and networks—from anywhere within vCenter.

Proactive Optimization

Resource management: Allocate processor and memory resources to virtual machines

running on the same physical servers. Establish minimum, maximum and proportional resource

shares for CPU, memory, disk and network bandwidth. Modify allocations while virtual

machines are running. Enable applications to dynamically acquire more resources to

accommodate peak performance.

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Dynamic allocation of resources: Using vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)

continuously monitor utilization across resource pools and intelligently allocate available

resources among virtual machines based on predefined rules that reflect business needs and

changing priorities. Achieve a self-managing, efficient IT environment with built-in load

balancing.

Energy-efficient resource optimization: Automatically monitor and respond to resource

and power consumption demands across a DRS cluster using vSphere Distributed Power

Management. When the cluster needs fewer resources, consolidate workloads and put hosts in

standby mode to reduce power usage. When resource requirements increase, automatically bring

powered-down hosts back online to meet necessary service levels.

Automatic restarts: Maintain higher availability with a failover solution for your virtual

machines using vSphere High Availability (HA).

Management

VMware vRealize Orchestrator: Automate more than 800 tasks using out-of-the-box

workflows or by assembling workflows with an easy drag-and-drop interface.

VMware vRealize Operations Standard (sold separately): Gain capacity optimization

plus deep operational insights and visibility to augment the performance and health of a vSphere

infrastructure.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE

SURVEY

13

LITERATURE SURVEY

VMware Virtualization

VMware virtualization solutions are built on VMware vSphere with Operations Management, the

leading virtualization and cloud management platform.

Reduce capital and operational costs by increasing energy efficiency and using less

hardware with server consolidation.

Enhance business continuity and disaster recovery capabilities for your virtualized

infrastructure.

Virtualize business critical applications and databases (Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL

Server, SAP HANA, SAP Sybase, SAP Business Suite, Microsoft Exchange, SharePoint and

SAP) for the highest SLAs and top performance.

Gain policy-based automation and ensure compliance and performance with a zero-touch

infrastructure using VMware vRealize Operations for virtualization management.

Learn why the Software-Defined Data Center is the best and most efficient cloud

infrastructure solution.

Server Virtualization

Abstracting the operating system and applications from the physical hardware gives you a more

cost-efficient, agile and simplified server environment. Using server virtualization, multiple

operating systems can run on a single physical server as virtual machines, each with access to the

underlying server's computing resources.

Most servers operate at less than 15 percent of capacity, leading to server sprawl and complexity.

Server virtualization addresses these inefficiencies. VMware vSphere offers a complete server

virtualization platform that delivers:

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80 percent greater utilization of server resources

Up to 50 percent savings in capital and operating costs

10:1 or better server consolidation ratio

Server Virtualization benefits

Server virtualization helps in saving money in buying hardware as it partitions a server

into multiple virtual systems and uses the hardware of the host system.

Reduction in downtime and server stability is usually observed in the Virtualization

technology and so this ensures high availability of applications and also offers prompt disaster

recovery options for data continuity.

Since, virtualized servers work isolated from each other, they are gripped with utmost

security and so are used as sandboxes and honeypots. Facts - Sandbox is a created environment,

where testing experiments can be conducted, without affecting the real system. Honeypot -

Honeypot is like a trap, which detects or deflects unauthorized usage of the host system or its

virtual guest machines.

Server footprint gets reduced in a virtualized environment as number of servers gets

consolidated and this is also a cost saving factor.

Server Consolidation

Reduce IT Costs and Increase Control with Server Virtualization

Eliminate over-provisioning, increase server utilization and limit the environmental

impact of IT by consolidating your server hardware with VMware vSphere® with

Operations Management, VMware's virtualization platform.

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Server consolidation lets your organization:

Reduce hardware and operating costs by as much as 50 percent and energy costs by as

much as 80 percent, saving more than $3,000 per year for each virtualized server workload.

Reduce the time it takes to provision new servers by as much as 70 percent.

Decrease downtime and improve reliability with business continuity and built-in disaster

recovery.

Deliver IT services on demand, independent of hardware, operating systems, applications

or infrastructure providers.

Reduce Server Costs with Desktop and Server Virtualization

By consolidating your server hardware with vSphere with Operations Management, your

organization can increase existing hardware utilization from as low as 5 percent to as much as 80

percent. You can also reduce energy consumption by decreasing the number of servers in your

data center. VMware server virtualization can reduce hardware requirements by a 15:1 ratio,

enabling you to lessen the environmental impact of your organization's IT without sacrificing

reliability.

Centralize Management of Your Virtual Data Center

Unlike vendors that only offer single-point solutions for server virtualization, VMware lets you

manage an entire virtual data center from a single point of control. With vSphere with Operations

Management, you can monitor health, manage resources, and plan for the data center growth all

from a unified dashboard.

Automate the Virtual Data Center

An automated virtual data center can simplify management while simultaneously delivering

performance, scalability and availability levels that are impossible with physical infrastructure.

The vSphere with Operations Management platform enables your organization to minimize

downtime, enable dynamic, policy-based allocation of IT resources and eliminate repetitive

configuration and maintenance tasks.

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Chapter 3

PROBLEM

DEFINITION

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PROBLEM DEFINITION: Challenges faced by Server Virtualization:

Till now, you have got an idea about the technology of server virtualization and its benefits. Now

let us discuss about the challenges faced by the IT world.

Performance and workload – When an underutilized server is compelled to increase its

utilization capacity, the need to manage the server performance in a better way arises. Some

applications need only less CPU utilization, while some need more CPU utilization, which can

also overpower the threshold limit of the server performance. The sudden increase of utilization

can cause serious troubles and can lead to downtime.

Operational processes and procedures – This is interlinked to the first challenge, where the

server utilization may require an organization to redefine internal processes in order to monitor

performance along with server diagnostics.

In the absence of system architecture and design – Before going for virtualization of server, it

is better, if the IT manager makes a little bit homework on storage capacity, network bandwidth,

hardware components selection and the amount of CPU usage. This makes things easy for the IT

manager as this effort to plan for virtualization will meet the expected success.

Storage allocation must be prioritized – Each application needs a specific storage space and if

the storage space is allotted more that the requirement, it will be surely underutilized. If the

storage allocation is not appropriate, then there is risk that the application can run out of storage

space and this will hinder its performance.

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Security vulnerability – Having multiple operating systems on a single host system can make it

prone to security vulnerabilities, despite the existence of a robust firewall and a malware

protection. So, in an amplified virtual environment be sure to address security patching and

access control.

All virtual servers are not same – It is a wise conclusion that all virtual servers do not serve

with the same performance and proficiency. Therefore it is better to conduct a better depth,

before going for an in-dept comparative analysis. This will help in finding out the best virtual

server, as per the requirements which offer high level security and scalability.

Software License needs to be observed – It is a known fact, that most of the software vendors

do not consider virtual servers to be different from physical servers. So, for this reason, the

software licenses are made compulsory for each operating systems and applications that are

running on a host or a virtual system. Conversely, certain software vendors also warn the IT

managers, from using their software's on virtual environment. So, it is better to go through the

terms and agreement of the software vendor and then install it in virtual environment.

Applications running in virtual environment – It is a proven fact that some applications are

not compatible with virtual environments and so there will surely be a performance deplete in

them. So, by making sure that the applications are running appropriately in Virtualized

environment, one need to carefully watch them and go for an alternative if needed.

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Hardware capabilities – Intensive capacity planning is required, in order to match the hardware

capabilities with the server environment. The planning must include providing RAM facilities,

physical hard disks, well capable network adapters and an efficient CPU. In order to go for

disaster recovery plan, it is better to invest on redundant hardware at the same time.

Security and disaster recovery issues – It is better to have a perfect backup plan in the

virtualized environment. In the case of hardware failure, or any kind of problem, virtual

machines must be restored with a different arrangement of virtual setup, in order to reduce

downtime.

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Chapter 4

REQUIREMENT

ANALYSIS &

SYSTEM DESIGN

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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SYSTEM DESIGN

System Requirements :

ESXi Hardware Requirements

Hardware and System Resources

To install and use ESXi 5.0, your hardware and system resources must meet the following

requirements:

ESXi 5.0 will install and run only on servers with 64-bit x86 CPUs.

ESXi 5.0 requires a host machine with at least two cores.

ESXi 5.0 supports only LAHF and SAHF CPU instructions.

ESXi supports a broad range of x64 multicore processors

ESXi requires a minimum of 2GB of physical RAM. VMware recommends 8GB of

RAM to take full advantage of ESXi features and run virtual machines in typical production

environments.

To support 64-bit virtual machines, support for hardware virtualization (Intel VT-x or

AMD RVI) must be enabled on x64 CPUs.

One or more Gigabit or 10GB Ethernet controllers.

Any combination of one or more of the following controllers:

Basic SCSI controllers. Adaptec Ultra-160 or Ultra-320, LSI Logic Fusion-MPT, or most

NCR/Symbios SCSI.

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RAID controllers. Dell PERC (Adaptec RAID or LSI MegaRAID), HP Smart Array RAID, or

IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID controllers.

SCSI disk or a local, non-network, RAID LUN with unpartitioned space for the virtual

machines.

For Serial ATA (SATA), a disk connected through supported SAS controllers or

supported on-board SATA controllers. SATA disks will be considered remote, not local. These

disks will not be used as a scratch partition by default because they are seen as remote.

ESXi Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems

Hosts running virtual machines with 64-bit guest operating systems have the following hardware

requirements:

For AMD Opteron-based systems, the processors must be Opteron Rev E or later.

For Intel Xeon-based systems, the processors must include support for Intel

Virtualization Technology (VT). Many servers that include CPUs with VT support might have

VT disabled by default, so you must enable VT manually. If your CPUs support VT, but you do

not see this option in the BIOS, contact your vendor to request a BIOS version that lets you

enable VT support.

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vCenter Server and vSphere Client Hardware Requirements

vCenter Server Hardware Requirements

vCenter Server

Hardware

Requirement

CPU

Two 64-bit CPUs or one 64-bit dual-core processor.

Processor

2.0GHz or faster Intel 64 or AMD 64 processor. The Itanium (IA64)

processor is not supported. Processor requirements might be higher if the

database runs on the same machine.

Memory

4GB RAM. Memory requirements might be higher if the database runs on the

same machine.

vCenter Server includes several Java services: VMware Virtual Center

Management Web services (Tomcat), Inventory Service, and Profile-Driven

Storage Service. When you install vCenter Server, you select the size of your

vCenter Server inventory to allocate memory for these services. The

inventory size determines the maximum JVM heap settings for the services.

You can adjust this setting after installation if the number of hosts in your

environment changes.

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Disk storage

4GB. Disk requirements might be higher if the vCenter Server database runs

on the same machine. In vCenter Server 5.0, the default size for vCenter

Server logs is 450MB larger than in vCenter Server 4.x. Make sure the disk

space allotted to the log folder is sufficient for this increase.

Microsoft SQL

Server 2008 R2

Express disk

Up to 2GB free disk space to decompress the installation archive.

Approximately 1.5GB of these files are deleted after the installation is

complete.

Networking Gigabit connection recommended.

vCenter Server Software Requirements

Make sure that your operating system supports vCenter Server. vCenter Server requires a 64-bit

operating system, and the 64-bit system DSN is required for vCenter Server to connect to its

database.

vSphere Client and vSphere Web Client Software Requirements

Make sure that your operating system supports the vSphere Client.

The vSphere Client requires the Microsoft .NET 3.5 SP1 Framework. If it is not installed on your

system, the vSphere Client installer installs it. The .NET 3.5 SP1 installations might require

Internet connectivity to download more files.

The following browsers are supported for the vSphere Web Client:

■ Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and 8

■ Mozilla Firefox 3.6

The vSphere Web Client requires the Adobe Flash Player version 10.1.0 or later to be installed

with the appropriate plug-in for your browser.

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SYSTEM DESIGN:

26

Use Case Diagram:

27

Chapter 5

PLANNING

28

PLANNING

The entire project spanned for duration of 8 months. In order to effectively

design and develop a cost -effective model the Waterfall model was practiced.

Fig. Waterfall Model

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Requirement gathering and Analysis phase:

This phase started at the beginning of our project, we had formed

groups and modularized the project. Important points of

consideration were

1. Define and visualize all the objectives clearly.

2. Gather requirements and evaluate them.

3. Consider the technical requirements needed and then collect

technical specifications of various peripheral components

required.

4. Analyze future risks / problems.

5. Define strategies to avoid these risks else define alternate

solutions to these risks.

6. Check financial feasibility.

7. Define Gantt charts and assign time span for each phase.

a. By studying the project extensively we developed a Gantt

chart to track and schedule the project. Below is the Gantt

chart of our project.

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Gantt chart :

30-Jul 18-Sep 07-Nov 27-Dec 15-Feb 06-Apr 26-May 15-Jul

Requirement Gathering

System Design

Implementation

Testing

Deployment

RequirementGathering

System Design Implementation Testing Deployment

Apr-14 To May-15 10-Apr 31-May

Feb-14 To Mar-14 28-Feb

Dec- 14 To Jan-15 31-Dec

Oct -14 To Nov -14 20-Nov

Completed Task Duration/Assigned Tasks

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Chapter 6

IMPLEMENTATION

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IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation details of project:

We have developed the details architecture of the VMware vCenter server 5.0 and

VMware vSphere client and its various components. First we have taken the VMware

workstation tool which is functionality of desktop virtualization. In that we have installed

two machines i.e. 1st is ESXi hypervisor host and 2nd is Windows Server 2008 R2

Standard/Datacenter Edition 64-bit.

In Windows Server 2008 R2 Operating System, we have installed VMware vCenter

Server 5.0 and VMware vSphere client for accessing ESXi hypervisor hosts which are

either client side or on same workstation environment for two or more hosts.

Physical Topology of vSphere Datacenter

A typical VMware vSphere datacenter consists of basic physical building blocks such as x86

virtualization servers, storage networks and arrays, IP networks, a management server, and

desktop clients.

The vSphere datacenter topology includes the following components.

Compute

servers

Industry standard x86 servers that run ESXi on the bare metal. ESXi software

provides resources for and runs the virtual machines. Each computing server is

referred to as a standalone host in the virtual environment. You can group a

number of similarly configured x86 servers with connections to the same network

and storage subsystems to provide an aggregate set of resources in the virtual

environment, called a cluster.

Storage

networks

Fibre Channel SAN arrays, iSCSI SAN arrays, and NAS arrays are widely used

storage technologies supported by VMware vSphere to meet different datacenter

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and arrays storage needs. The storage arrays are connected to and shared between groups of

servers through storage area networks. This arrangement allows aggregation of

the storage resources and provides more flexibility in provisioning them to virtual

machines.

IP networks Each compute server can have multiple physical network adapters to provide high

bandwidth and reliable networking to the entire VMware vSphere datacenter.

vCenter

Server

vCenter Server provides a single point of control to the datacenter. It provides

essential datacenter services such as access control, performance monitoring, and

configuration. It unifies the resources from the individual computing servers to be

shared among virtual machines in the entire datacenter. It does this by managing

the assignment of virtual machines to the computing servers and the assignment

of resources to the virtual machines within a given computing server based on the

policies that the system administrator sets.

VMware vSphere Datacenter Physical Topology

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The Components we have installed and used in our implementation of

system, they are as follow:

VMware ESXi 5.0 –

The vSphere hypervisor, known in many circles as "ESXi", for the name of the

underlying hypervisor architecture, is a bare-metal hypervisor that installs directly on top of your

physical server and partitions it into multiple virtual machines. Each virtual machine shares the

same physical resources as the other virtual machines and they can all run at the same time.

ESX runs on bare metal (without running an operating system) unlike other VMware

products. It includes its own kernel: A Linux kernel is started first, and is then used to load a

variety of specialized virtualization components, including ESX, which is otherwise known as

the vmkernel component. The Linux kernel is the primary virtual machine; it is invoked by the

service console. At normal run-time, the vmkernel is running on the bare computer, and the

Linux-based service console runs as the first virtual machine.

VMware vCenter Server and Host Management

vSphere Client

The vSphere Client is the principal interface for administering vCenter Server and ESXi.

The vSphere Client user interface is configured based on the server to which it is connected:

When the server is a vCenter Server system, the vSphere Client displays all the options

available to the vSphere environment, according to the licensing configuration and the

user permissions.

When the server is an ESXi host, the vSphere Client displays only the options appropriate

to single host management.

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You perform many management tasks from the Inventory view, which consists of a single

window containing a menu bar, a navigation bar, a toolbar, a status bar, a panel section, and pop-

up menus.

Add Hosts

You can add hosts under a datacenter object, folder object, or cluster object. If a host

contains virtual machines, those virtual machines are added to the inventory together with the

host. Information about configuring hosts is located in the vSphere Networking, vSphere Storage,

vSphere Security, and vSphere Host Profiles documentation.

Create Clusters

A cluster is a group of hosts. When a host is added to a cluster, the host's resources become

part of the cluster's resources. The cluster manages the resources of all hosts within it. Clusters

enable the vSphere High Availability (HA) and vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)

solutions.

Create Resource Pools

You can use resource pools to hierarchically partition available CPU and memory resources

of a standalone host or a cluster. Use resource pools to aggregate resources and set allocation

policies for multiple virtual machines, without the need to set resources on each virtual machine.

Create Datastores

A datastore is a logical container that holds virtual machine files and other files necessary for

virtual machine operations. Datastores can exist on different types of physical storage,

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including local storage, iSCSI, Fibre Channel SAN, or NFS. A datastore can be VMFS-based

or NFS-based.

Migrating Virtual Machines:

Migration is the process of moving a virtual machine from one host or storage location to

another. Copying a virtual machine creates a new virtual machine. It is not a form of migration.

In vCenter Server, you have the following migration options:

Cold Migration

Moving a powered-off virtual machine to a new host. Optionally, you can

relocate configuration and disk files to new storage locations. You can use

cold migration to move virtual machines from one datacenter to another.

Migrating a

Suspended

Virtual Machine

Moving a suspended virtual machine to a new host. Optionally, you can

relocate configuration and disk files to new storage location. You can

migrate suspended virtual machines from one datacenter to another.

Migration with

vMotion

Moving a powered-on virtual machine to a new host. Migration with

vMotion allows you to move a virtual machine to a new host without any

interruption in the availability of the virtual machine. You cannot use

vMotion to move virtual machines from one datacenter to another.

Migration with

Storage vMotion

Moving the virtual disks or configuration file of a powered-on virtual

machine to a new datastore. Migration with Storage vMotion allows you to

move a virtual machine’s storage without any interruption in the availability

of the virtual machine.

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Working with Templates and Clones in the vSphere Client:

A clone is a copy of a virtual machine. A template is a master copy of a virtual machine that can

be used to create many clones.

When you clone a virtual machine, you create a copy of the entire virtual machine, including its

settings; any configured virtual devices, installed software, and other contents of the virtual

machine's disks.

Cloning a virtual machine can save time if you are deploying many similar virtual machines.

You can create, configure, and install software on a single virtual machine, and then clone it

multiple times, rather than creating and configuring each virtual machine individually.

If you create a virtual machine that you want to clone frequently, make that virtual machine a

template. A template is a master copy of a virtual machine that can be used to create and

provision virtual machines. Templates cannot be powered on or edited, and are more difficult to

alter than ordinary virtual machine. A template offers a more secure way of preserving a virtual

machine configuration that you want to deploy many times.

VMware Data Recovery 2.0:

VMware Data Recovery creates backups of virtual machines without interrupting their use or the

data and services they provide. Data Recovery manages existing backups, removes backups as

they become older, and supports deduplication to remove redundant data.

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VMware Data Recovery System Requirements

Data Recovery requires vCenter Server and the vSphere Client. Data Recovery does not

work with similar VMware products such as VirtualCenter Server. You can download the

vSphere Client from your vCenter Server.

Virtual machines to be backed up and the backup appliance must both be running on

ESX/ESXi 4 or later. To use all features, the ESX/ESXi host that runs the backup

appliance must be managed by vCenter Server.

When using Data Recovery with vCenter Servers running in linked mode, login to the

vCenter Server with which the Data Recovery appliance is associated.

StarWind Software:

StarWind Software, Inc. is a computer software company specializing in storage virtualization

and building iSCSI, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and ATA-over-Ethernet storage area

networks (SANs).

StarWind's IP SAN enables you to rapidly adapt to evolving networked storage needs. Using

iSCSI protocol, the StarWind SAN communicates between servers and clients to deliver shared

storage on your network without the need for expensive or proprietary SAN or NAS solutions.

StarWind Server iSCSI SAN can provide storage services to multiple devices on the network and

will allow you to manage storage centrally. This way you maintain compliance, security and

backup centrally from one location. Because stored data does not reside directly on any server's

DAS, the server itself will not be hit with a performance penalty since it no longer has to

dedicate compute cycles to storage services.

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Setting up Networking with vSphere Standard Switches

vSphere standard switches handle network traffic at the host level in a vSphere environment.

Use the vSphere Client to add networking based on the categories that reflect the types of

network services.

■ Virtual machines

■ VMkernel

vSphere Standard Switches

You can create abstracted network devices called vSphere standard switches. A standard switch

can route traffic internally between virtual machines and link to external networks.

You can use standard switches to combine the bandwidth of multiple network adapters and

balance communications traffic among them. You can also configure a standard switch to handle

physical NIC failover.

Standard Port Groups

Port groups aggregate multiple ports under a common configuration and provide a stable anchor

point for virtual machines connecting to labeled networks.

Each port group is identified by a network label, which is unique to the current host. Network

labels are used to make virtual machine configuration portable across hosts. All port groups in a

datacenter that are physically connected to the same network.

A VLAN ID, which restricts port group traffic to a logical Ethernet segment within the physical

network, is optional. For a port group to reach port groups located on other VLANs, the VLAN

ID must be set to 4095.

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VMkernel Networking Configuration

A VMkernel networking interface provides network connectivity for the host as well as handling

VMware vMotion, IP storage, and Fault Tolerance.

Moving a virtual machine from one host to another is called migration. Using vMotion, you can

migrate powered on virtual machines with no downtime. Your VMkernel networking stack must

be set up properly to accommodate vMotion.

Monitoring Events, Alarms, and Automated Actions:

vSphere includes a user-configurable events and alarms subsystem. This subsystem tracks events

happening throughout vSphere and stores the data in log files and the vCenter Server database.

This subsystem also enables you to specify the conditions under which alarms are triggered.

Alarms can change state from mild warnings to more serious alerts as system conditions change,

and can trigger automated alarm actions. This functionality is useful when you want to be

informed, or take immediate action, when certain events or conditions occur for a specific

inventory object, or group of objects.

vSphere Troubleshooting:

vSphere Troubleshooting describes troubleshooting issues and procedures for vCenter Server

implementations and related components.

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Chapter 7

TESTING

42

TESTING

Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and white box testing.

These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that a test engineer takes when

designing test cases.

Black box testing

Black box testing treats the software as a "black box"—without any knowledge of internal

implementation. Black box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary value

analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, traceability matrix, exploratory

testing and specification-based testing.

Specification-based testing:

Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable

requirements. Thus, the tester inputs data into, and only sees the output from, the test object. This

level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can

simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the

same as the expected value specified in the test case.

Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard against certain risks.

Advantages and disadvantages:

The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception is very

simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask and you shall receive," black box

testers find bugs where programmers do not. But, on the other hand, black box testing has been

said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight," because the tester doesn't know

how the software being tested was actually constructed. As a result, there are situations when (1)

a tester

43

writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case,

and/or (2) some parts of the back-end are not tested at all.

Therefore, black box testing has the advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and

the disadvantage of "blind exploring," on the other.

Integration testing

It is any type of software testing that seeks to verify the interfaces between components against a

software design. Software components may be integrated in an iterative way or all together ("big

bang"). Normally the former is considered a better practice since it allows interface issues to be

localized more quickly and fixed.

Acceptance testing

Acceptance testing can mean one of two things:

1. A smoke test is used as an acceptance test prior to introducing a new build to the main

testing process, i.e. before integration or regression.

2. Acceptance testing performed by the customer, often in their lab environment on their

own HW, is known as user acceptance testing (UAT).

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Chapter 8

ABOUT SYSTEM

45

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages of Server Virtualization

Now days most of the companies are shifting towards server virtualization because of the various

advantages of server virtualization.

Reduce the number of servers: In server virtualization, one physical server is

consolidated multiple virtual server as a result there is a reduction in physical space

which is required for the server as well as reduces the number of servers and the cost to

maintain the servers.

Reduces IT cost: More the server more will be the IT cost, more servers means more

space as well more power to operate them and less the number of servers, so less

money is spent in maintaining the hardware.

More application can be run: Server virtualization has hardware independence

features to allow more application to run in a software unlike the dedicated physical

server, in server virtualisation each virtual server runs on its own operating system and

performs like a unique individual server therefore it allows more application to run in

the software without affecting any other application.

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Continuity in business: Server virtualization enables the organization to do away with

legacy system i.e. when a hardware system becomes obsolete and it is difficult to shift

from one system to another which may lead to discontinuity in the business. With the

adoption of server virtualization will enable an organization to continue its business and

need not worry about hardware.

Disadvantages of Server Virtualization

With the various benefits of server virtualization one cannot ignore the limitation of the server

virtualisation. Virtualization is not a good option for the application that requires high processing

power because in virtualization the processing power is divided among the various multiple

servers as a result the server processing power will become slow and lots of time taken for the

work to complete.

Apart from limiting the speed of processing power, server virtualization also limits the amount of

storage space, in server virtualization one physical computer is divided into multiple servers

hence this affect the disk space

Although with the help of server virtualization the migration of the data seems to be easier by

migration we mean moving the server from one place to another now it is possible and easy to

move virtual server from one machine to another in a network but this is possible only when

both the machine comes from the same manufacturing processor for example if a network use a

server that runs on different processors it is not possible to shift the virtual server from one

physical machine to another.

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Existing Applications:

Virtualizing Business Critical Applications

Most VMware customers have virtualized a significant portion of their datacenter. However,

virtualizing business-critical applications—databases, ERP systems, email servers, and industry-

specific solutions.

VMware vSphere 5 is the best platform to virtualize all your applications, including business-

critical applications. Starting with vSphere 4, and more recently using vSphere 5, customers are

virtualizing business-critical applications at an accelerated pace. Application infrastructure

administrators and CIOs see that the value of virtualization extends far beyond basic

consolidation, and that applications run better virtualized, with faster time to market and

improved Quality of Service (QoS). Business-critical applications like vMotion, Dynamic

Resource Schedule, Storage vMotion, Hot-add CPU, and Site Recovery Manager.

Software-Defined Data Center with Business Critical Application Virtualization

Virtualizing critical applications on vSphere improves their health and administration.

Applications where VMware Vsphere and its components are used:

Microsoft Exchange

Virtualize Exchange and exceed native performance while consolidating infrastructure by 5 to 10

times.

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Oracle Databases and Applications

Virtualize Oracle databases and scale dynamically to ensure service levels.

SAP

Increase the availability of SAP applications, speed up provisioning using virtual machine clones

and dynamically rebalance applications.

Microsoft SharePoint

Deliver on-demand and self-serve capacity and resources while retaining security and improving

the robustness of your datacenter.

Microsoft SQL Server

Consolidate SQL Server databases and cut hardware and software costs by more than 50 percent.

Java Applications

Move your Enterprise Java applications to virtualized x86 platforms to better utilize resources

with easier lifecycle and scalability management.

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Chapter 9

FUTURE

MODIFICATION

50

Future Modification:

VMware vSphere 6 introduces many new features and enhancements.

vSphere 6 ESXi and VM enhancements:

Cluster now supports up to 64 nodes and 8.000 VMs

VMs now support up to 128 vCPUs and 4 TB vRAM

Hosts now support up to:

480 pCPUs

12 TB RAM

datastores with 64 TB

1000 VMs

added guest OS support for FreeBSD10.0 and Asianux 4 SP3

expanded support for the latest x86 chip sets

Storage:

Virtual Volumes (VVol)

improved Storage IO Control

vSphere Fault Tolerance:

FT support for up to 4 vCPUs and 64 GB RAM

new, more scalable technology: fast check-pointing to keep primary and secondary in

sync

continuous availability – zero downtime, zero data loss for infrastructure failures

FT now supports Snapshots (Backup)

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Storage Fault Tolerance:

primary and secondary VM has its own .vmx & .vmdk files

primary and secondary VM can be placed on different datastores!

vMotion Enhancements:

vMotion across vCenter Servers

vMotion across vSwitches

Long-distance vMotion – now support of local, metro and cross-continental

distances (up to 100+ms RTTs)

vCenter Server Appliance:

the configuration maximums of the vCenter Server Appliance will be

extended:

The embedded DB now supports up to 1.000 Hosts and 10.000 powered on VMs

(vSphere 5.5: 100 hosts/3000 VMs)

vSphere Web Client:

long awaited performance improvements are implemented

but nevertheless a Virtual Infrastructure Client 6.0 (C#) will be still available

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Improved vSphere Replication:

Recover Point Objectives (RPOs) will remain at 15 minutes (was at 5 min in

early builds – maybe it will be higher in later releases)

support for up to 2000 VM replications per vCenter

VMware Virtual SAN (VSAN 6.0)

new On-Disk Format

Performance Snapshots – vsanSparse

usability improvements

supports Failure Domains (note: failure domains are NOT metro/streched clusters)

new disk serviceability feature

53

Chapter 10

CONCLUSION &

SCOPE

54

CONCLUSION & SCOPE

When VMware decided to open source its VMware Workstation and VMware Server products, it

paved the way for everybody to embrace virtualization technology. This is technology for the

people—not just for data center professionals.

It’s relatively easy to embed an image of Linux into VMware Workstation. Then this image of

Linux can be used to serve network users in the same way as a traditional Linux installation. The

difference is that the virtualized image runs inside Windows. VMware has other products that

avoid the need for a host operating system altogether.

VMware also has toolkits for programmers and system administrators alike. These toolkits take

the form of programmatic APIs, Perl libraries, etc. This allows for software interaction with

VMware images; that is, a more flexible means of using virtual machines and operating system

images.

Virtualization allows solutions that are too big for a single device to use multiple devices as if

they were one. Virtualization allows special-purpose and rarely-accessed solutions to be

supported without dedicating systems to them. Virtualization allows computing resources and

entire networks to be reconfigured to meet the demands of the moment.

Virtualization patterns permit information technology assets to be managed and evaluated based

on the value they deliver to the organization. Effective virtualization strategies increase

organizational flexibility by focusing on delivering capabilities, rather than on installing and

managing hardware.

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Scope:

This project has a large scope as it has the following features which help in making it easy to use,

develop and maintain in virtual infrastructure:

Virtualization software provides a completely virtualized set of hardware to the guest

operating system.

Server virtualization slashed CapEx and OpEx costs by more than more than 50%, while

expanding business agility.

The software-defined data center architecture extends abstraction, pooling and

automation to the rest of your data center resources, including compute, network and storage.

To virtualizes the hardware for a video adapter, a network adapter, and hard disk

adapters.

VMware virtual machines become highly portable between different platforms and

devices.

To migrate operational guest virtual machines between similar but separate hardware

hosts sharing the same storage.

Flexibility in size of virtual machines and individual machines as vCenter Server

appliance supports 100 hosts and 3000 virtual machines.

Virtual appliance reliable & easier to deploy and manage.

VMware provides unprecedented flexibility and choice of cloud services on a local basis

with vCloud Air and through the vCloud Air Network--the world's largest network of validated

cloud services based on VMware technology.

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Chapter 11

USER MANUAL

57

USER MANUAL

Screenshots:

Configure & Add host to server using VMware vSphere Client:

58

Configure NTP Time Synchronization Setting:

59

Summary of Host:

60

Configure Shared Storage iSCSI HDD adding by StarWind Software:

61

62

63

Clusters:

64

65

66

Datastore Clusters:

Resource Pool:

67

Adding Network Components

[Virtual Network Adapter, vSwitch, DMZ Network, vMotion

VMKernel port group]:

68

DMZ network:

69

70

VMKernel Port Group:

71

72

Cloning (Convert to virtual Machines):

73

Cloning (Convert to template):

74

75

76

Migration of Virtual Machine (Datastore to Datastore):

77

78

VMware Data Recovery (Backup of Virtual Machine):

79

80

81

82

vSphere Troubleshooting:

83

vMotion Map:

84

Monitor vCenter and Administer Alarms:

85

86

Graphical Map Of vSphere Components:

87

Chapter 12

BIBLIOGRAPHY &

REFERENCE

88

BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCE

Bibliography:

VMware vSphere 5.x Datacenter Design Cookbook

Mastering VMware vSphere 5

vSphere 5 ESXi Operations Guide

StarWind Virtual SAN Guide

VMware reference architecture creating software defined data center.pdf

VMware-Virtualizing-Business-Critical-Apps-on-VMware_en-wp.pdf

VMware 5.0 Documentation Center

References:

www.vmware.com

en.wikipedia.org

https://pubs.vmware.com/