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Computer Science at Azusa Pacific University. CS400 Compiler Construction. Sheldon X. Liang Ph. D. September 4, 2014. Azusa, CA. 1. September 4, 2014. Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 8 25-5278 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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April 21, 20231
April 21, 2023April 21, 2023 Azusa, CAAzusa, CA
Sheldon X. Liang Ph. D.
Computer Science at Computer Science at Azusa Pacific UniversityAzusa Pacific University
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS400 Compiler Construction
• Be able to build a compiler for a (simplified) (programming) language
• Know how to use compiler construction tools, such as generators of scanners and parsers
• Be familiar with virtual machines, such as the JVM and Java bytecode
• Be able to define LL(1), LR(1), and LALR(1) grammars• Be familiar with compiler analysis and optimization
techniques• … learn how to work on a larger software project!
April 21, 20232
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
Objectives Objectives
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
• “Compilation”– Translation of a program written in a source language
into a semantically equivalent program written in a target language
Compiler
Error messages
SourceProgram
TargetProgram
Input
OutputApril 21, 2023
3Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
Compilers and InterpretersCompilers and Interpreters
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
Interpreter
SourceProgram
Input
Output
Error messages
• “Interpretation”– Performing the operations implied by the source
program
April 21, 20234
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
Compilers and InterpretersCompilers and Interpreters
• There are two parts to compilation:– Analysis determines the operations implied by
the source program which are recorded in a tree structure
– Synthesis takes the tree structure and translates the operations therein into the target program
April 21, 20235
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
The Analysis-Synthesis Model of CompilationThe Analysis-Synthesis Model of Compilation
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
• Editors (syntax highlighting)
• Pretty printers (e.g. Doxygen)
• Static checkers (e.g. Lint and Splint)
• Interpreters
• Text formatters (e.g. TeX and LaTeX)
• Silicon compilers (e.g. VHDL)
• Query interpreters/compilers (Databases)April 21, 2023
6Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
Other Tools that Use Analysis-Synthesis ModelOther Tools that Use Analysis-Synthesis Model
Preprocessor
Compiler
Assembler
Linker
Skeletal Source Program
Source Program
Target Assembly Program
Relocatable Object Code
Absolute Machine Code
Libraries andRelocatable Object Files
Try for example:gcc -v myprog.c
April 21, 20237
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
Preprocessors, Compilers, Assemblers, and LinkersPreprocessors, Compilers, Assemblers, and Linkers
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
Phase Output Sample
Programmer (source code producer) Source string A=B+C;
Scanner (performs lexical analysis) Token string ‘A’, ‘=’, ‘B’, ‘+’, ‘C’, ‘;’And symbol table with names
Parser (performs syntax analysis based on the grammar of the programming language)
Parse tree or abstract syntax tree ; | = / \A + / \ B C
Semantic analyzer (type checking, etc)
Annotated parse tree or abstract syntax tree
Intermediate code generator Three-address code, quads, or RTL
int2fp B t1+ t1 C t2:= t2 A
Optimizer Three-address code, quads, or RTL
int2fp B t1+ t1 #2.3 A
Code generator Assembly code MOVF #2.3,r1ADDF2 r1,r2MOVF r2,A
Peephole optimizer Assembly code ADDF2 #2.3,r2MOVF r2,A
The Phases of a CompilerThe Phases of a Compiler
• Compiler front and back ends:– Front end: analysis (machine independent)
– Back end: synthesis (machine dependent)
• Compiler passes:– A collection of phases is done only once (single pass)
or multiple times (multi pass)• Single pass: usually requires everything to be defined before
being used in source program
• Multi pass: compiler may have to keep entire program representation in memory
April 21, 20239
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
The Grouping of PhasesThe Grouping of Phases
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
• Software development tools are available to implement one or more compiler phases– Scanner generators– Parser generators– Syntax-directed translation engines– Automatic code generators– Data-flow engines
April 21, 202310
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
Compiler-Construction ToolsCompiler-Construction Tools
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
• Ch. 1: Introduction
Walkthrough: a Miniature Compiler• Ch. 2: A simple One-Pass Compiler for the JVM
Technology: Analysis and Methods• Ch. 3: Lexical Analysis and Lex/Flex• Ch. 4: Syntax Analysis and Yacc/Bison
Front-end: Intermediate Code Generation• Ch. 5: Syntax-Directed Definition and Translation• Ch. 6: Intermediate Code Generation
Back-end: Object Code Generation• Ch. 8: Code Generation
Advanced topics: Runtime and Parallelism Env.• Ch. 7: Run-Time Environments• Ch.11: Optimization for parallelism
April 21, 202311
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
OutlineOutline
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
Thank you very much!
Questions?
April 21, 202312
Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, Tel: (800) 825-5278 Department of Computer Science, http://www.apu.edu/clas/computerscience/
CS@APU: CS400 Compiler ConstructionCS@APU: CS400 Compiler Construction
Introduction to CompilerIntroduction to Compiler