TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 1ST:

• BE READY TO TAKE NOTES/ YOU HAVE A GUIDED SHEET

• MATTER NOTES

• WHAT IS MATTER?

• IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATTER

• SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

MATTER

WHAT IS MATTER?

IDENTIFYING PURE SUBSTANCES, MIXTURES, AND COMPOUNDS

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

SOM

LEARNING TARGETS FOR TODAY:

• I CAN DEFINE MATTER (DOK 1)

• I CAN DEFINE THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER (DOK 1)

• I CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN AND DEFINE EXAMPLES OF: SOLUTION, SUSPENSION, COLLOID, AND PURE SUBSTANCES (DOK 1 AND 2)

• I CAN IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE STATES OF MATTER IN TERMS OF VOLUME AND SHAPE (DOK 1 AND 3)

• I CAN IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE STATES OF MATTER IN TERMS OF MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES (DOK 1 AND 3) I CAN ASSESS WHEN TO USE THE DIFFERENT SEPARATION TECHNIQUES (DISTILLATION, CRYSTALLIZATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, AND FILTRATION) (DOK 3)

• I CAN COMPARE VARIOUS FORMS OF MATTER TO PLACE THEM THEIR DISTINCT CATEGORIES BASED ON COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES (DOK 2 AND 3)

WHAT IS MATTER?

•ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE

• MASS – THE AMOUNT OF MATTER THAT AN OBJECT HAS

• VOLUME-THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECTS TAKES UP

THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER

•MATTER CANNOT BE CREATED

NOR DESTROYED

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER

• WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

• DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION WHAT GOES IN, MUST COME OUT, IT IS JUST REARRANGED.

• IF 5 GRAMS OF SODIUM REACTS WITH 10 GRAMS OF SULFUR, HOW MUCH SODIUM SULFIDE IS PRODUCED?

• 5 GRAMS OF NA + 10 GRAMS OF S = 15 GRAMS OF NA2S

• WHAT IS THE AMOUNT OF LITHIUM CHLORIDE PRODUCED, IF 9.9 GRAMS OF LITHIUM REACTS WITH 3.4 GRAMS OF CHLORINE?

• 9.9 GRAMS OF LI + 3.4 GRAMS CL = 13.3 GRAMS OF LICL (13 GRAMS)

STATES OF MATTER

•MATTER OCCURS IN FOUR DIFFERENT STATES:

• SOLID

• LIQUID

•GAS

• PLASMA

STATES OF MATTER

KINETIC ENERGY

• KINETIC ENERGY (KE) – ENERGY WITH MOTION

• KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER – ALL MATTER IS MADE OF TINY CONSTANTLY MOVING PARTICLES

SOLIDS•HAS A DEFINITE SHAPE AND A

DEFINITE VOLUME• VERY TIGHTLY PACKED PARTICLES

• PARTICLES MOVE VERY SLOWLY

• EXPANDS ONLY SLIGHTLY WHEN HEATED

• HAVE LOW KINETIC ENERGY

LIQUIDS

•HAS DEFINITE VOLUME, BUT NO DEFINITE SHAPE

• TAKES THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER

• PARTICLES ARE SLIGHTLY FREE, AND MOVE FAIRLY FAST

• ALMOST INCOMPRESSIBLE PARTICLES

• TENDENCY TO EXPAND WHEN HEATED

• MODERATE KINETIC ENERGY

GASES•NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME

• PARTICLES ARE SPACED VERY FAR APART

• PARTICLES ARE FREE AND VERY FAST MOVING

• EASILY COMPRESSED (TANKS OF HELIUM, NITROGEN, ETC)

• TAKES THE SHAPE AND VOLUME OF IT’S CONTAINER

• HIGH KINETIC ENERGY

STATES OF MATTER

PLASMA• SUPER HEATED, IONIZED GAS

(NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES)

• NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME

• EXTREMELY HIGH TEMPERATURES

• PARTICLES ARE SPACED VERY FAR APART

• PARTICLES ARE VERY FAST MOVING

• EASILY COMPRESSED

• EXTREMELY HIGH KINETIC ENERGY

DIFFERENT FORMS OF MATTER

•PURE SUBSTANCES•ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

•MIXTURES•HETEROGENEOUS AND HOMOGENOUS

DIFFERENT FORMS OF MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCES

• MATTER WITH A UNIFORM COMPOSITION

• MATTER THAT IS ALWAYS MADE UP OF THE SAME RATIO IN A GIVEN ORDER AND CANNOT BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS

SUBSTANCES: ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

ELEMENTS• THE SIMPLEST FORM OF MATTER

• CANNOT BE SEPARATED

• BUILDING BLOCKS FOR ALL OTHER SUBSTANCES

COMPOUNDS• TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS

CHEMICALLY COMBINED

• HAS A DEFINITE RATIO

• CAN BE SEPARATED BY ONLY A CHEMICAL PROCESS

• PROPERTIES OF A COMPOUND ARE DIFFERENT FROM THE PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS THAT MAKE IT

COMPOUNDS – DO NOT RETAIN THE INDIVIDUAL ELEMENT’S PROPERTIES

PROPERTIES OF A COMPOUND ARE DIFFERENT FROM THE PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS THAT MAKE IT.

EXAMPLE:

SODIUM (NA) – SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE THAT REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH WATER

CHLORINE (CL) – POISONOUS YELLOW-GREEN GAS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

SODIUM CHLORIDE (NACL) – WHITE CRYSTALLINE WATER SOLUBLE SOLID USED AS A FOOD ADDITIVE

MIXTURES

MIXTURES

• PHYSICAL BLEND OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES

• NO DEFINITE RATIO

• CAN BE SEPARATED BY PHYSICAL MEANS

TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF MIXTURES

HETEROGENEOUS• DOES NOT HAVE A UNIFORM

COMPOSITION

• DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE MIXTURE ARE USUALLY EASY TO IDENTIFY

HOMOGENOUS• HAS A UNIFORM COMPOSITION

• DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF THE MIXTURE ARE NOT EASILY IDENTIFIED

• SOLUTION

SOLUTIONS

• SOLUTIONS ARE HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES, BECAUSE IT IS DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS THAT MAKE THEM UP

• SOLUTIONS ARE COMPOSED OF:

• SOLUTES – WHAT IS DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION

• SOLVENTS – WHAT DISSOLVES THE SOLUTE

THINK OF SWEET TEA – SUGAR IS THE SOLUTE, BECAUSE IT IS DISSOLVED IN THE SOLVENT, WHICH IS THE TEA.

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

• FILTRATION

• DISTILLATION

• CHROMATOGRAPHY

• EVAPORATION

• CRYSTALLIZATION

FILTRATION

• USED TO REMOVE SOLIDS FROM LIQUIDS

• HOW COFFEE FILTERS WORK

• FILTRATION

DISTILLATION

• USING THE DIFFERENCE IN BOILING POINTS TO SEPARATE TWO DIFFERENT LIQUIDS FROM EACH OTHER.

• DISTILLATION

• WHAT DO YOU THINK IS A COMMON USE FOR DISTILLATION?

CHROMATOGRAPHY

CHROMATOGRAPHY

SEPARATION TECHNIQUE TO SEPARATE MIXTURES

YOU MAY HAVE SEEN THIS ON CSI OR ANY CRIME DRAMA

ABBY USES IT ON NCIS! CAN BE USED TO SEPARATE PROTEINS OR DNA

EVAPORATION

• A MEANS OF SEPARATING A SOLID OUT OF A SOLUTION

• SALT OUT OF SALT WATER

EVAPORATION

CRYSTALLIZATION

• A MEANS OF SEPARATING A SOLVENT OUT OF A SUPER SATURATED SOLUTION

• CRYSTALLIZATION

• WHAT ARE THE SUGAR CRYSTALS, THAT HE MENTIONS AT THE END OF THE VIDEO?