Separation i Lab Manual

8/12/2019 Separation i Lab Manual

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SEPARATION

PROCESSES I

LABORATORY


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Rules and safety precautions in laboratory

3. Report and evaluation

4. Experiment 1: Packed distillation column

. Experiment 2: !ubble cap distillation column

". Experiment 3: Packed absorption column # Rasc$i% rin%

&. Experiment 4: Packed absorption column # Intalox saddle

'. Experiment : Parallel#flo( plate $eat exc$an%er

). Experiment ": *i+uid#li+uid Extraction

1,. Experiment &: Packed reactor column for acetone#(ater separation system

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1. INTRODUCTION

-nit peration 1 laboratory syllabus contains six experimental e+uipments. /ll t$e

e+uipments are prepared to instill a clear understandin% of t$e concepts and principles learntin -nit peration 1 course. /ll t$e related t$eories (ill be fully utili0ed in t$is laboratory.

tudents (ill be exposed to t$e application of t$e semi#industry scale e+uipments as a

preparation before t$ey (ork in t$e actual process. !esides t$is subect (ill also %ive t$em

practical and informative exposure about operational mec$anisms of a separation system

($ic$ is also a basis in c$emical en%ineerin% based industries.

$e ot$er important element t$at (ill be emp$asi0ed in t$is subect is team (orkin%. !esides

promotin% communications and positive interactions amon% students and (it$ t$e

tec$nicians t$e laboratory5s environment is also conducive and suitable in trainin% t$e

students to $ave %ood leaders$ip and time mana%ement skills as (ell as in s$apin% t$em to

be a responsible and disciplined person in any %iven situation. 6it$ t$ese proactive attitudes

t$e aim of creatin% professionalism at (ork can be ac$ieved.

In order to be a successful process en%ineer a student s$ould $ave a clear vision and maket$e best use of t$is subect to %ain as muc$ kno(led%e and experience as possible.

2. RULES AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN LABORATORY

General rules

1. Every student must (ear a lab coat and s$oes 7slippers or sandals are totally

pro$ibited8 and al(ays be in a %ood manner.

2. ables and experimental surroundin%s must al(ays be in a clean and or%ani0ed

condition and s$ould be placed in order before leavin% t$e laboratory.

3. /ll t$e specific safety precautions in t$e laboratory must be obeyed.

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4. tudents s$ould be responsible on t$e e+uipments t$at t$ey use.

. /ll students are pro$ibited from smokin% drinkin% or eatin% in t$e laboratory.

". Pay attention and be careful ($en runnin% t$e experiment to %overn t$e accuracy of

t$e results and to avoid accidents.

&. tudents are not allo(ed to run experiment after t$e sc$eduled time except for cases

($ere it is ordered by t$e supervisor and t$e student is monitored by

lecturer9supervisor9laboratory assistant9tec$nician.

'. /ll litters and (astes from t$e experiment must be t$ro(n a(ay in a dust bin or a

special desi%nated area. o not t$ro( litters and (astes in (as$bin or urinal.

). o not make noise in t$e laboratory.

1,. $e students must familiari0e t$emselves (it$ t$e location of emer%ency aids e.%. fireextin%uis$er emer%ency s$o(er etc.

11. /ny accident must be reported immediately and verbally to

lecturer9supervisor9laboratory assistant9tec$nician.

12. Experimental data must be endorsed by lecturer9supervisor9laboratory

assistant9tec$nician after t$e experiment.

Safety attire

1. ;ake sure t$at you (ear proper safety e+uipment9measure ($en runnin% t$e

experiment. ;ost of t$e experiments t$at you (ill be dealin% (it$ involve c$emicals

$i%$ temperature and pressure. $erefore %o%%le must be put on to protect your eyes.

2. afety $elmet must be used if you need to climb e.%. distillation column to collect

data and record your observation.

Laboratory equipments

1. tudents are pro$ibited from usin% t$e experimental e+uipments before receivin% a

compre$ensive explanation from lecturer9laboratory assistant. $is is not only

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dan%erous to t$e student $imself9$erself or ot$ers in t$e laboratory but can also

dama%e t$e e+uipments.

2. !efore usin% t$e e+uipments make sure of t$e appropriate9correct po(er source and

plu% for t$e e+uipments.

3. ensitive e+uipments cannot be moved. -se t$e e+uipments in t$e desi%nated area.

4. /ny dama%e to t$e e+uipment ($ile usin% it must be reported immediately to t$e

responsible laboratory assistant9tec$nician. o not try to repair it yourself.

. tudents are forbidden from usin% dama%ed e+uipments.

Disposal of laboratorys wastes

1. tudents are $eld responsible for cleanin% t$e table area e+uipments t$at t$ey used as

(ell as t$e surroundin%s to avoid $a0ards to ot$er users.

2. 6astes must be properly labeled and disposed in a desi%nated area.

Electricity, gas and others

1. /ll sources of %as fuel and %as flo( valve must be turned off ti%$tly before leavin%

t$e laboratory and ($en t$ey are not in use. $e cover of a fume c$amber must be

lo(ered to t$e lo(est level.

2. ;ake sure t$e ri%$t po(er source is used (it$ t$e e+uipment to be en%a%ed.E+uipments ($ic$ are not in use must be s(itc$ed off.

3. If you intend to leave an operatin% e+uipment make sure t$e e+uipment can operate

safely. tudents also need to inform t$eir absence to t$e laboratory assistant or

tec$nician.

Attendance

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1. tudents are mandatory to participate in all t$e outlined experiments. tudents (ill be

failed if t$ey do not attend even one experiment. tudents are also re+uired to si%n an

attendance record.

2. tudents must come to t$e laboratory 1, minutes earlier before t$e experiments starts

(ell prepared and or%ani0ed.

3. Eac$ experiment (ill take around 2 $ours. tudents (ill be divided into several

%roups. / supervisor (ill conduct t$e class and (ill be assisted by tec$nician or

laboratory assistant. $e time allocation for t$e experiment is as follo(s:

a8 $e first 1, minutes

tudents briefly read t$e experimental procedure and t$eory as (ell as identifyin%

t$e e+uipments needed.

b8 $e next 1. $ours

tudents run t$e experiment.

c8 $e last 2, minutes

tudents clean up t$e (orkin% area and t$e e+uipments used.

4. o ensure t$e experiment %oes smoot$ly students are re+uired to read and understand

t$e (ork procedure and experimental t$eory before t$e class.

Report ealuation

i) Report evaluatio !"#e$e

Eac$ student or %roup must prepare a report (it$in 1 (eek from t$e date of t$e experiment. /

report submitted later t$an 3 days (ill not be accepted or (ill be penali0ed.

$e overall mark of t$e report is ',< and anot$er 2,< comes from t$e final examination.

$e date time and venue of t$e examination (ill be announced once after all t$e experiments

are completed.

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ii) For$at o% t#e report $ar&i'

=ormat of t$e report over pa%e

/bstract

Introduction

*iterature study9t$eory

;et$odolo%y9procedure

Results and discussions

>onclusions

Recommendations

References

Professionalism

#

1,

1,

1,

3,

1

1,

otal 1,,

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(. REPORT AND EALUATION

cientific report (ritin% is an important mode of communication for all en%ineers and

scientists. In researc$ an effective report enables ot$ers to be exposed to t$e experiments t$at$ave been conducted and t$e related ne( findin%s. In en%ineerin% documentation is a must

for furt$er advanced studies and as a support for t$e ne( experiment besides providin%

information to be disseminated. It is t$erefore vital for a student to (rite a report ($ic$ is

clear simple based on format and usin% t$e ri%$t %rammars.

/ll reports must be prepared usin% 6ord Processin% soft(are suc$ as ;icrosoft 6ord *otus

or ot$er computer soft(are e.%. ;icrosoft Excel Po(erPoint. ;atematica ;atlab tatistica

/uto>ad and ot$ers can also be used to dra( tables %rap$s and dia%rams.

$e purpose of report (ritin% is to prepare a summary of met$ods to evaluate and to

interpret t$e experimental results as (ell as to compare t$em (it$ t$e t$eoretical results.

$e report must not be less t$an 1, pa%es 7font: imes ?e( Roman 12 pt spacin%: 1.

lines8. $e number of pa%es is not includin% t$e abstract table of content list of dia%rams

references and appendices. $e format of t$e report is as follo(s:

1. Cover pa'e.$e pa%e includes title of t$e experiment dates of t$e experiment and

report submission name of t$e laboratory5s supervisor and tec$nician on duty section

and %roup number and name of t$e %roup5s leader and t$e members.

2. A*!tra"t.$e purpose of (ritin% an abstract is to summari0e t$e overall report in

1,,#2,, (ords. It contains description of t$e experiment and t$e results obtained. /n

abstract must be clear simple and statin% t$e +uantitative value7s8 obtained from t$e

experiment. /n abstract is t$e last part prepared ($en (ritin% a report.

3. Ta*le o% "otet.It indicates t$e pa%e of eac$ main section of t$e report as (ell as

list of dia%rams and tables.

4. Itro+u"tio. Introduction serves to describe t$e obective and scope of experiment

as (ell as t$e previous (orks done. It must be (ritten in an or%ani0ed (ay to ease t$e

readers to follo( t$e experiment to be done.

. T#eor, or Literature Stu+,. $e t$eoretical part describes briefly t$e desi%n of t$e

experiment t$e function of t$e e+uipment and t$e e+uations involved in data analysisas (ell as t$e related assumptions. /ll t$e e+uations must be numbered in order

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Su$$ar, o% t#e report %or$at

Cover Pa'e

A*!tra"t

Ta*le o% Cotet i"lu+i' li!t o% 'rap#!/ ta*le! a+ !,$*ol!)

1.0 Itro+u"tio

1.1 Experimental back%round

1.2 bective

1.3 Experimental scope

2.0 T#eor,Literature Stu+,

(.0 -et#o+olo',

3.1 E+uipment and materials

3.2 Experimental procedure9met$odolo%y

.0 Re!ult! a+ Di!"u!!io!

4.1 Experimental data

4.2 ata analysis and discussion

4.3 /ns(ers to t$e +uestions in t$e experiment module

3.0 Co"lu!io!

4.0 Re"o$$e+atio!

Re%ere"e!

Appe+i"e!

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E5PERI-ENT 16 PAC7ED DISTILLATION COLU-N

#b*ectie(

1. o study t$e effect of operational time on t$e composition and volume of t$e product

distillate.

2. o study t$e correlation bet(een t$e volume of t$e product distillate and t$e

composition of t$e product distillate.

+heory(

istillation process is a process of separatin% li%$t components from ot$er components based

on volatility differences. $e components (it$ lo(er boilin% points (ill vapori0e first and

t$erefore (ill be collected as distillate (it$ $i%$ purity. Packin% materials are used to

increase t$e surface area for en$ancin% contact bet(een t$e vapori0ed components (it$ t$e

reflux so t$at purity of t$e product distillate can be furt$er improved.

Equipment-aterials(

1. Packed distillation column

2. Refractometer

3. yrin%e

4. !eaker

. ;easurement cylinder

". Rea%ent bottle

&. top (atc$

'. 6ater

). ;et$anol

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.rocedure(

1. Prepare & met$anol#(ater mixtures usin% pipette. btain t$e refractive index of t$e

mixtures usin% t$e refractometer.

Bolume ofmet$anol7ml8

, 2 1, 1 1' 2,

Bolume of(ater 7ml8

2, 1' 1 1, 2 ,

Refractiveindex

2. Prepare 32 liters of met$anol#(ater feed mixture (it$ composition of met$anol 3,B1 B3 B4

. urn on t$e electric $eater simultaneously (it$ t$e coolant flo( pump.

". et t$e reflux ratio at 2., or 3., by slo(ly opennin% reflux control valve R>B1 and

t$e product distillate (ill flo( to RI 1!. $e rest of t$e product distillate (ill flo(t$rou%$ RI 1/ and return to t$e reboiler vessel.

&. o collect product distillate ($ic$ does not return to t$e reboiler vessel adust t$e

position of t$e valves as follo(s:

>lose valve B2

pen valve B3 7>lose valve B3 if B4 is opened8

pen valve B4 7to collect sample8

'. ;easure t$e volume and refractive index of t$e collected product distillate.

). Repeat steps & and ' for every minutes and fill in t$e table %iven.

1,. Reminder: ;ake sure samples of t$e standard material and t$e product distillate are

kept in t$e container %iven.

/uestions(

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1. Plot %rap$ refractive index vs. alculate t$e met$anol mole fraction from t$e refractive index.

4. Plot %rap$ mole fraction and volume of product distillate vs. time.

. iscuss t$e advanta%es of packed distillation column.

". iscuss t$e data and results obtained.

&. *ist all t$e safety re%ulations and precautions t$at need to be considered ($en

conductin% t$e experiment.

References(

1. Ceankoplis >. D. 0+ransport .rocesses 1 2nit #perations3 3rdEdition Prentice#

all 1)).

2. ;c >abe 6. *. mit$ D. >. F arriot P. 02nit #peration of "hemical

Engineering3 4t$Edition ;c Cra(#ill 1)'.

3. >oulson F Ric$ardson 0"hemical Engineering3 Bolume 2 Per%amon 1)'3.

E!perimental data(

I;E 1, 1 2, 2 3, 3 4, 4 , ",

4E;PER/4-REI?P*/4E I 1

I 1!

I 2

I 2/

I 2!

I 2>

I 2

I 2=

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I 3

emp.

ori%inal

solution

I 4

emp.

coolin%(ater

I

I "

Reflux RI 1/

RI 1!

Reflux ratio

Bolume distillate

Refractive index

Bolta%e

>urrent

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E!perimental Setup

Packed istillation >olumn

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E5PERI-ENT 26 BUBBLE CAP DISTILLATION COLU-N

#b*ectie(

1. o study t$e effect of operational time on t$e composition and volume of t$e product

distillate.

2. o study t$e correlation bet(een t$e volume of t$e product distillate and t$e

composition of t$e product distillate.

+heory(

istillation process is a process of separatin% li%$t components from ot$er components based

on volatility differences. $e components (it$ lo(er boilin% points (ill vapori0e first and

t$erefore (ill be collected as distillate (it$ $i%$ purity. Packin% materials are used to

increase t$e surface area for en$ancin% contact bet(een t$e vapori0ed components (it$ t$e

reflux so t$at purity of t$e product distillate can be furt$er improved.

Equipment-aterials(

1. !ubble cap distillation column

2. Refractometer

3. yrin%e

4. !eaker

. ;easurement cylinder

". Rea%ent bottle

&. top (atc$

'. 6ater

). Et$anol

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.rocedure(

1. Prepare & et$anol#(ater mixture usin% pipette. btain t$e refractive index of t$e

mixtures usin% refractometer.

Bolume ofmet$anol7ml8

, 2 1, 1 1' 2,

Bolume of(ater 7ml8

2, 1' 1 1, 2 ,

Refractiveindex

2. Prepare 32 liters of met$anol#(ater feed mixture (it$ composition of met$anol 3,B1 B3 B4

. urn on t$e electric $eater simultaneously (it$ t$e coolant flo( pump.

". et t$e reflux ratio at 2., or 3., by slo(ly opennin% reflux control valve R>B1 and

t$e product distillate (ill flo( to RI 1!. $e rest of t$e product distillate (ill flo(

t$rou%$ RI 1/ and return to t$e reboiler vessel.

&. o collect product distillate ($ic$ does not return to t$e reboiler vessel adust t$e

position of t$e valves as follo(s:

>lose valve B2

pen valve B3 7>lose valve B3 if B4 is opened8

pen valve B4 7to collect sample8

'. ;easure t$e volume and refractive index of t$e collected product distillate.

). Repeat steps & and ' for every minutes and fill in t$e table %iven.

1,. Reminder: ;ake sure samples of t$e standard material and t$e product distillate are


/uestions(

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1. Plot %rap$ refractive index vs. alculate t$e et$anol mole fraction from t$e refractive index.

4. Plot %rap$ mole fraction and volume of product distillate vs. time.

. iscuss t$e advanta%es of bubble cap distillation column.

". iscuss t$e data and results obtained.

&. *ist all t$e safety re%ulations and precautions t$at need to be considered ($en

conductin% t$e experiment.

References(


all 1)).



3. >oulson F Ric$ardson 0"hemical Engineering3 Bolume 2 Per%amon 1)'3.

E!perimental data(

I;E 1, 1 2, 2 3, 3 4, 4 , ",

4E;PER/4-REI?P*/4E I 1

I 1!

I 2

I 2/

I 2!

I 2>

I 2

I 2=

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I 3

emp.

ori%inal

solution

I 4

emp.

coolin%(ater

I

I "

Reflux RI 1/

RI 1!

Reflux ratio

Bolume distillate

Refractive index

Bolta%e

>urrent

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E5PERI-ENT (6 PAC7ED ABSORPTION COLU-N 8 RASC9I: RIN:

#b*ectie(

1. o study t$e effect of manipulated air flo( rate and (ater flo( rate on floodin% in t$e

absorber.

2. o study t$e correlation and t$e effect of (ater and air flo( rates on pressure

difference GP.

+heory(

/bsorption process is one of t$e separation tec$ni+ues ($ic$ involves %as and li+uid. ne or

more components in %as mixture can be separated ($en a certain li+uid is flo(in% t$rou%$ it

in cross#flo( or counter#currently. $e li+uid (ill absorb t$e component and mass transfer

(ill take place to separate t$e component from t$e %as mixture. Packin% materials are used to

increase t$e contact surface area for t$e absorption process so t$at t$e process (ill become

faster and more efficient.

Equipment-aterials(

1. Packed absorption column # Rasc$i% rin% 7,.& mm8

2. /ir compressor

3. top (atc$

4. 6ater

. /ir

.rocedure(

1. >$eck and make sure all valves and components are in place and in %ood conditions

before startin% t$e experiment.

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2. et (ater flo( rate at 2., *9min.

3. /dust air flo( rate at 3, *9min. /t t$e same time start t$e stop (atc$ and continue

for minutes. ;ake sure t$e (ater and air flo( rates are at t$e settin% value.

4. /fter minutes record t$e pressure difference GP.

. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for 1,*9min increment of air flo( rate for every minutes until

floodin% occurs.

". 6$en floodin% occurs record t$e GP and reduce t$e air flo( rate back to 3,*9min.

&. Repeat steps 3#& for (ater flo( rates of 2. 3., and 3. *9min.

'. ?ext set air flo( rate at ,*9min and for every 2 minutes record t$e pressure

difference at (ater flo( rate 2., to 3. *9min (it$ eac$ increment of ,.*9min.

E!perimental data(

6ater flo( rate 6

7*9min8

/ir flo( rate C 7*9min8 Pressure drop GP 7cm

28

ime 7every minutes8

2.,

2.

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3.,

3.

/ir flo( rate C 7*9min8 6ater flo( rate 6

7*9min8

Pressure drop GP 7cm

28

ime 7every 2 minutes8

,

2.,

2.

3.,

3.

/uestions(

1. Plot a %rap$ of lo% GP vs. lo% air flo( rate for eac$ (ater flo( rate t$at $as been set.etermine t$e correlation bet(een GP and t$e flo( rate.

2. Plot a %rap$ of lo% GP vs. (ater flo( rate for t$e air flo( rate t$at $as been set 7in

procedure '8. etermine t$e correlation bet(een GP and t$e flo( rate.

3. escribe t$e definition of floodin% floodin% velocity visual floodin% and load point.

4. iscuss t$e data and t$e results obtained.

. >ompare t$e operation and t$e efficiency of t$e absorption column usin% packin%

materials of Intalox saddle and Rasc$i% rin%.

References(


all 1)).



25


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3. reybal R.E. 0-ass +ransfer #perations3 3rdEdition ;c Cra(#ill 1)',.

26


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E!perimental Setup(

Packed /bsorption >olumn 7Ras$i% Rin% and Intalox addle

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E5PERI-ENT 6 PAC7ED ABSORPTION COLU-N 8 INTALO5 SADDLE

#b*ectie(

1. o study t$e effect of manipulated air flo( rate and (ater flo( rate on floodin% in

absorber.

2. o study t$e correlation and t$e effect of (ater and air flo( rates on pressure

difference GP.

+heory(

/bsorption process is one of t$e separation tec$ni+ues ($ic$ involves %as and li+uid. ne or

more components in %as mixture can be separated ($en a certain li+uid is flo(in% t$rou%$ it

in cross#flo( or counter#currently. $e li+uid (ill absorb t$e component and mass transfer

(ill take place to separate t$e component from t$e %as mixture. Packin% materials are used to

increase t$e contact surface area for t$e absorption process so t$at t$e process (ill become

faster and more efficient.

Equipment-aterials(

1. Packed absorption column # Intalox saddle 7,.& mm8

2. /ir compressor

3. top (atc$

4. 6ater

. /ir

.rocedure(

1. >$eck and make sure all valves and components are in place and in %ood conditions

before startin% t$e experiment.

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2. et (ater flo( rate at 2., *9min.

3. /dust air flo( rate at 3, *9min. /t t$e same time start t$e stop (atc$ and continue

for minutes. ;ake sure t$e (ater and air flo( rates are at t$e settin% value.

4. /fter minutes record t$e pressure difference GP.

. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for 1,*9min increment of air flo( rate for every minutes until

floodin% occurs.

". 6$en floodin% occurs record t$e GP and reduce t$e air flo( rate back to 3,*9min.

&. Repeat steps 3#& for (ater flo( rates of 2. 3., and 3. *9min.

'. ?ext set air flo( rate at ,*9min and for every 2 minutes record t$e pressure

difference at (ater flo( rate 2., to 3. *9min (it$ eac$ increment of ,.*9min.

E!perimental data(

6ater flo( rate 6

7*9min8

/ir flo( rate C 7*9min8 Pressure drop GP 7cm

28

ime 7every minutes8

2.,

2.

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3.,

3.

/ir flo( rate C 7*9min8 6ater flo( rate 67*9min8

Pressure drop GP 7cm28

ime 7every 2 minutes8

,

2.,

2.

3.,

3.

/uestions(

1. Plot a %rap$ of lo% GP vs. lo% air flo( rate for eac$ (ater flo( rate t$at $as been set.

etermine t$e correlation bet(een GP and t$e flo( rate.

2. Plot a %rap$ of lo% GP vs. (ater flo( rate for t$e air flo( rate t$at $as been set 7in

procedure '8. etermine t$e correlation bet(een GP and t$e flo( rate.

3. escribe t$e definition of floodin% floodin% velocity visual floodin% and load point.

4. iscuss t$e data and t$e results obtained.

. >ompare t$e operation and t$e efficiency of t$e absorption column usin% packin%materials of Intalox saddle and Rasc$i% rin%.

References(


all 1)).

30


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32/44


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=

11

22

1122

ln

8787

"5

"5

"5"5

lm

++

++

+++++

$e standard $eat transfer coefficient for t$is experiment is bet(een ,, # &,, 69m 2.J>.

Equipment-aterials(

1. Parallel#flo( plate $eat exc$an%er

2. 1,* capacity plastic container

3. top (atc$

4. 6ater pump

. 6ater

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.rocedure(

1. (itc$ on t$e $eater and stirrer to $eat up t$e fluid in t$e stora%e tank.

2. urn $ot stream pump on to recycle $ot (ater in t$e tank.

3. *et t$e (ater flo( until t$e (ater temperature in t$e tank reac$es ", J>. ;ake sure

$ot stream temperature 728 is e+ual to t$e temperature in t$e tank 718.

4. 6$en t$e temperatures are even make preparation to record t$e inlet and outlet

temperatures for eac$ $ot stream and cold stream simultaneously.

. pen t$e cold stream valve slo(ly.

". /t t$e same time start t$e stop (atc$ and record all t$e related temperatures as in

procedure 748.

&. top t$e stop (atc$ ($en t$e time is up.

'. >lose t$e cold stream valve.

). Repeat steps 3#' for t$ree 738 subse+uent sets of data readin%. >alculate t$e avera%e

readin% for all t$e data recorded.

E!periment data(

Experimental information for parallel#flo( plate $eat exc$an%er

*en%t$ of t$e plate 42, mm

6idt$ of t$e plate 12 mm

$ickness of t$e plate 4" mm

otal number of plate 1 pieces

Exp. 1 2 3 4 /vera%e

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emp.

7J>8

Initialreadin%

=inalreadin%

Initialreadin%

=inalreadin%

Initialreadin%

=inalreadin%

Initialreadin%

=inalreadin%

1

2

>1

>2

Bolume(ater

ime 7s8

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/uestions(

1. !ased on t$e recorded data plot a %rap$ of temperature vs. time for $ot stream and

cold stream.

2. ra( a temperature profile vs. plate t$ickness for parallel#flo( plate $eat exc$an%er.

3. etermine t$e overall $eat transfer coefficient for t$is $eat exc$an%er. iscuss ($y

t$e calculated value differs from t$e standard value.

4. escribe t$e advanta%es of plate $eat exc$an%er.

. iscuss all t$e results obtained.

References(

1. olman D. P. 05eat +ransfer3 't$edition ;c Cra(#ill Inc. -../ 1))&.




all 1)).

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E5PERI-ENT 46 LI


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# eavy P$ase 718

*i%$t P$ase 718

# eavy P$ase 72,8

*i%$t P$ase 718

11. itration tec$ni+ue:

a. Pipette 3,cm3 of sample into t$e conical flask.

b. /dd a fe( drops of starc$ indicator.

c. itrate t$e sample usin% sodium t$iosulp$ate solution 7,.,1;8 %radually.

d. top t$e titration once t$e blue#black colour turns becomes clear.

Experimental ata:

eavy P$ase flo( rate: 1,

*9min

*i%$t P$ase flo( rate:

1 *9min

Raffinate >omposition 7%9*8 ime 7min8

Extract >omposition 7%9*8 ime 7min8

eavy P$ase flo( rate: 1

*9min

*i%$t P$ase flo( rate:1 *9min



eavy P$ase flo( rate: 2,

*9min

*i%$t P$ase flo( rate:

1 *9min



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/uestions(

1. tate ($ic$ component is t$e $eavy p$ase li%$t p$ase solvent solute and diluents.

2. tate t$e dispersed p$ase and t$e continuous p$ase in t$is experiment.

3. 6$at is t$e meanin% of e+uilibrium contactK

4. iscuss t$e effect of flo(rate to(ards t$e extraction performance.

. tate ot$ers steps and measures to be taken to increase t$e performance of t$is

extraction process.

". escribe t$e importance of li+uid#li+uid extraction processes in c$emical en%ineerin%.

References(


all 1)).



3. reybal R.E. 0-ass +ransfer #perations3 3rdEdition ;c Cra(#ill 1)',.

39


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E!perimental Setup(

*i+uid#*i+uid extraction

40


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E5PERI-ENT =6 PAC7ED REACTOR COLU-N FOR ACETONE8;ATER

SEPARATION SYSTE-

#b*ectie(

1. o study and determine t$e efficiency of packed column in acetone#(ater separation

system.

2. o determine boilin% point of eac$ component.

+heory(

Reactor column in -nit peration 1 laboratory is used to separate acetone from acetone#

(ater mixture based on a simple principle of distillation. $is is a batc$ system in ($ic$

t$ere (ill be no continuous feed to t$e system t$rou%$out t$e operation.

Equipment-aterials(

1. Pilot plant packed reactor column

2. !eaker

3. Class rod

4. yrin%e

. Refractometer

". top (atc$

&. /cetone

'. 6ater

.rocedure(

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1. Prepare & acetone#(ater mixture usin% pipette. btain t$e refractive index of t$e

mixtures usin% refractometer.

Bolume ofacetone 7ml8

, 2 1, 1 1' 2,

Bolume of(ater 7ml8 2, 1' 1 1, 2 ,

Refractive

index

2. Pour 1"* mixture of ',< (ater and 2,< acetone carefully into t$e reboiler t$rou%$

feed funnel.

3. ;ake sure all valves and components are in place and in %ood conditions before

startin% t$e experiment.

4. urn on t$e (ater tap and s(itc$ on centrifu%al pump to start t$e coolin% system.

(itc$ on reboiler and stirrer and set t$e temperature at certain $eatin% rate.

. bserve t$e reactor until e+uilibrium is reac$ed 7t$at is ($en t$e +uantity of vapor

leavin% t$e reactor e+uals to t$e +uantity of li+uid returned to t$e reboiler8.

". pen valve B1 to allo( li+uid acetone to flo( t$rou%$ condenser in order to be

cooled do(n. /t t$e same time open valves B2 and B3 and close valve B4.

&. *et acetone flo( t$rou%$ valves B2 and B3 and subse+uently to t$e back of collector

1 and flask 2. imultaneously start t$e stop (atc$.

'. /fter minutes close valve B3 and open valve B4 to collect product distillate. /t t$e

same time record t$e temperatures of t$e mixture and t$e distillate.

). ;easure t$e volume and t$e refractive index of t$e product.

1,. Repeat steps ' # ) for every minutes for a total of ", minutes.

11. Reminder: ;ake sure samples of t$e standard material and t$e product distillate are


E!perimental data(

ime 7s8 1, 1 2, 2 3, 3 4, 4 , ",

emperature

mixture 7J>8

emperature

distillate 7J>8

42


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44/44

E!perimental Setup(

Packed Reactor >olumn

Documents

Separation i Lab Manual