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11.07.2017 1
Business Perspectives on Smart CitiesSensors, Big Data
Lasse Berntzen
Please note:
• These slideswere modified after the keynote presentation:– Some comments fromaudience havebeen added (Thanks!)– Afew slideson big datawas removed duetocopyrightconcerns (myfigures,but they will
appear inanother publication soon).
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Aboutme
• Professor(InformationSystems)atUniversityCollegeofSoutheastNorway• EightcampuseslocatedsouthandwestofOslo,18.000students• Departmentofbusiness,historyandsocialsciences(Vestfoldcampus)• Multidisciplinaryteamworkingondigitaltransformationandsmartcities• Severalpapers,bookchaptersandarticlesonsmartcities
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SmartCities
• Smartcityisaconcept,manydefinitionsexist• Mostdefinitionsincludetheuseofcomputertechnology• Mainobjectiveistoimprovequalityoflifeforitscitizens
–Providebetterservices–Reduceenvironmentalfootprint,sustainability–Facilitatecitizenparticipation
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ApplicationAreas• Communication• Culture• Energy• Emergencyservices• Environment/climate
• Health• Safetyandsecurity• Tourism• Transport• Work
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Inotherwords,theSmartCityisabouteverythingthathappensinthecity.
PublicServiceDelivery
• Newexpectations:Citizensexpectpublicsectortobejustasuser-centricastheprivatesector.(e.g.,banking)
• But:Mostservicesaredeliveredbycityemployees,notbycomputers–Someservicescancompletelybedeliveredonline–Otherservicescanbesupportedorenhancedbydigitalmeans
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PublicServiceDelivery
• Servicesthatcanbecompletelydigitalized–Requestinginformation–Applyingforpermits–Trackinginteractionswithgovernment/municipality
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PublicServiceDelivery
• Servicesthatcanbesupportedorenhanced–Applyingforphysicalservices,e.g.kindergartenornursinghome
–Makingappointmentsandreservationsforphysicalservices–Paymentsforphysicalservices–Providingfeedbackonphysicalservices
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Efficiencyandselfservice
• City of Copenhagen, Denmark• Average costs of citizen contact:
– Personal appearance: 10 Euro– Telephone: 5 Euro– Digital self-service: 40 Cent
• Note:– Investments is not calculated– User experience/satisfaction is not discussed
ExampleService:Prescriptions
• Electronicprescriptions• Faster– justaclicktotransferprescriptionfromthemedicaldoctortothepharmacy
• Betterquality/lessmistakes(itusedtobehandwriting)• Hardertomisuse
BusinessPerspectives
• Weneedtounderstandthevaluechainsofthesmartcity• Newwaysofvaluegenerationanddistribution• Multiplevaluechains,andoftencomplexones
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Stakeholders• Citizens• Business
– Local– National– International
• CityAdministration• Politicians(localgovernment)• Nationalgovernmentanditsagencies
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Transport
• Usebigdatatomakebettertrafficflow–Wherearetrafficjams?Suggestalternativeroutes
–Usetrafficdatatocontroltrafficlights–Wheretofindanavailableparkingspot?
• Avoiddrivingaroundtofindafreeone• Realtimeinformationonpublictransport
IEEEInternetComputing,SpecialissueonSmartCities,Nov/Des2013
Environment
• Monitorenvironmentalconditions• Whentoenforcetrafficrestrictions(controlpollutionlevels)
• Betterpublictransportsolutions(toreducecaruse)
• Smartstreetlights(toconserveenergy)• Usingrenewableenergy(solar,earth,e-cars)
• Teleworking(toreducecaruse)
Safetyandsecurity
• Improvedemergencyresponseservices• Surveillancecameras,sounddetection• Crimeandhazardprediction• Sendmessagesordoautomatedphonecallstoalertcitizensofemergencies.
Abusinessperspective
• Whatarethebusinessopportunities?• Developinganddelivering:
– smartcityplatforms–products– services
• Integrationbetweenplatforms,products,services
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Publicorprivateservicedelivery?
• Businessopportunitiesexists,butdependsoncitypolicies:–Shouldthecitydoitsowndevelopment?–Shouldthecitydeliverservicesbyitself,orshouldservicedeliverybedonebythirdparties?
• Atleastsomeservicesmaybedeliveredbythirdparties
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Development
• Reasonsfordoingowndevelopments:– Completecustomization– Ownership– Buildingcompetence
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• Reasonsfornotdoingowndevelopments:– Reducecostsanduseofresources
– Buyingcompetencethecitydoesnothave
Servicedelivery
• Reasonsfornotoutsourcing– Fullcontrolofservicedelivery
• Qualityofservice• Employeerights• Privacyconcerns
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• Reasonsforoutsourcing:– Reducecosts(throughcompetition)
– Citizensmaychooseamongseveralproviders(flexibility)
– Contractualagreements(SLA´s)
Example:Kindergartens
Smartsharingcities
• Newwaysofconsumption– Fromphysicalmediatostreaming/downloading– Sharingeconomy
• Newwaysoffinancing– Crowdfunding
• Sharedspaces/mobileworkers• ICTenablesnewformsofsocialinteraction(socialmedia,dating)
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Thesmartcityasenabler
• Creatingopportunities–Howtohandletheevolvingsharingeconomy?
•Uber,AirBnB,BlaBlaCar–Howtohelpcreatesharedspacesandentrepreneurship?–Howtopromoteinnovation?
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Conclusion
• Yes,therearebusinessopportunities• Butdependsonthewillingnessofthecitytogetintoprivate-publicpartnershipstomakebettersolutions– politicalclimate
• Thesellingargumentsforbusinesscanbe:–Betterservices–Sustainability–Citizeninvolvement
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