SENSOR BASED SPECTAC LES, WAIST -BELT AND FOOTWEAR … · ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and ... Distance Measurement The known relationship

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Volume 8, Issue 6, JuneAvailable online at ISSN Print: 0976 © IAEME

SENSOR BASED SPECTACAND FOOTWEAR FOR VIS

Assistant

ABSTRACTThis paper is

impaired, that makes use of sensors for obstacle detection. An Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) is a form of assistive technology having the purpose of enhancing mobility for the blind and visuallyvisually impaired people need to deal with two different issues: at first they need to capture contextual information (distance of an obstacle, position of the sensors, environment around the usethose observed information. Sensors are deployed for obstacle detection. Obstacle is also determined by a light sensing module. But the whole concept of providing both obstacle detection and determenvironment only. We developed this paper proceeding to our project with success.Key wordsCite this ArticleWaistEngineering and Technologyhttp://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.

1. INTRODUCTIONThe World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a fundamental role since it enables or disables, thewalk. Currently, there are several visual data that helps visually enabled people to move in a right way. Therefore, Blind Navigator can detect objects and guide blind people using audio


International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Volume 8, Issue 6, JuneAvailable online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISS

© IAEME Publication


Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

ABSTRACT This paper is

impaired, that makes use of sensors for obstacle detection. An Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) is a form of assistive technology having the purpose of enhancing mobility for the blind and visuallyvisually impaired people need to deal with two different issues: at first they need to capture contextual information (distance of an obstacle, position of the sensors, environment around the usethose observed information. Sensors are deployed for obstacle detection. Obstacle is also determined by a light sensing module. But the whole concept of providing both obstacle detection and determenvironment only. We developed this paper proceeding to our project with success.Key words: Footwear, ETA,Cite this ArticleWaist-belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired PeopleEngineering and Technologyhttp://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.

INTRODUCTIONThe World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a fundamental role since it enables or disables, thewalk. Currently, there are several visual data that helps visually enabled people to move in a right way. Therefore, Blind Navigator can detect objects and guide blind people using audio

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2017, pp.

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Publication


Assistant Professors, Department of EEE

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringEaswari Engineering College, Chennai, India

This paper is focused to develop an electronic navigation system for visually impaired, that makes use of sensors for obstacle detection. An Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) is a form of assistive technology having the purpose of enhancing mobility for the blind and visually impaired (VI) pedestrian. Assistive devices designed to aid visually impaired people need to deal with two different issues: at first they need to capture contextual information (distance of an obstacle, position of the sensors, environment around the usethose observed information. Sensors are deployed for obstacle detection. Obstacle is also determined by a light sensing module. But the whole concept of providing both obstacle detection and determenvironment only. We developed this paper proceeding to our project with success.

Footwear, ETA,Cite this Article: R. Sundar and A.T. Madhavi Madan

belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired PeopleEngineering and Technologyhttp://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.

INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a fundamental role since it enables or disables, thewalk. Currently, there are several visual data that helps visually enabled people to move in a right way. Therefore, Blind Navigator can detect objects and guide blind people using audio

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)2017, pp. 876–881, Article ID: IJCIET_08_06

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Scopus Indexed


PEOPLE

Assistant Professors, Department of EEEAMET University, Chennai

A.T. Madhavi MadanProfessor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India

focused to develop an electronic navigation system for visually impaired, that makes use of sensors for obstacle detection. An Electronic Travel Aid (ETA) is a form of assistive technology having the purpose of enhancing mobility for

impaired (VI) pedestrian. Assistive devices designed to aid visually impaired people need to deal with two different issues: at first they need to capture contextual information (distance of an obstacle, position of the sensors, environment around the user), followed by their need to communicate to the user with those observed information. Sensors are deployed for obstacle detection. Obstacle is also determined by a light sensing module. But the whole concept of providing both obstacle detection and determination for the blind people is subjected to indoor environment only. We developed this paper proceeding to our project with success.

Footwear, ETA, visuallyR. Sundar and A.T. Madhavi Madan

belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired PeopleEngineering and Technology, 8(6), 2017, pp.http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=6

The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a fundamental role since it enables or disables, thewalk. Currently, there are several visual data that helps visually enabled people to move in a right way. Therefore, Blind Navigator can detect objects and guide blind people using audio

asp 876

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Article ID: IJCIET_08_06

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Indexed


PEOPLER. Sundar

Assistant Professors, Department of EEEAMET University, Chennai

Madhavi MadanProfessor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India


impaired (VI) pedestrian. Assistive devices designed to aid visually impaired people need to deal with two different issues: at first they need to capture contextual information (distance of an obstacle, position of the sensors,

r), followed by their need to communicate to the user with those observed information. Sensors are deployed for obstacle detection. Obstacle is also determined by a light sensing module. But the whole concept of providing both

ination for the blind people is subjected to indoor environment only. We developed this paper proceeding to our project with success.

impaired, WaistR. Sundar and A.T. Madhavi Madan

belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired People, 8(6), 2017, pp. 876

asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=6

The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a fundamental role since it enables or disables, the walk. Currently, there are several visual data that helps visually enabled people to move in a right way. Therefore, Blind Navigator can detect objects and guide blind people using audio

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)Article ID: IJCIET_08_06


SENSOR BASED SPECTACLES, WAISTAND FOOTWEAR FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

PEOPLE Sundar

Assistant Professors, Department of EEE (Marine)AMET University, Chennai, India

Madhavi Madan






Waist-belt. R. Sundar and A.T. Madhavi Madan,

belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired People. International Journal of Civil 6–881.


The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a

person to independently move or safely walk. Currently, there are several visual data that helps visually enabled people to move in a right way. Therefore, Blind Navigator can detect objects and guide blind people using audio

[email protected]

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Article ID: IJCIET_08_06_095


LES, WAISTUALLY IMPAIRED

(Marine), India






, Sensor Based Spectacles,

International Journal of Civil


The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted peoploften limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a


[email protected]


LES, WAIST-BELT UALLY IMPAIRED

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering





Sensor Based Spectacles, International Journal of Civil


The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those with reduced visual capacity. They can be blind or partially sighted people. These conditions often limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a


[email protected]


BELT UALLY IMPAIRED

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,





Sensor Based Spectacles, International Journal of Civil

The World Health Organization estimates that there are 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Visually impaired persons are defined as those

e. These conditions often limit people’s capabilities to perform common tasks and affect their quality of life. On the spectrum of daily activities and needs of visually impaired people, navigation plays a



instructions. System will be unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the surroundings, and relay the information to the control system (human brain or motion control computer). Perhaps the most widely known device is the Lasercane, which might be a regular long cane with a builtInformation System. Despite decades of effort, technology has not yet rewarded us with an electronic device that can completely replace the long cane. There are many problems with currently available assistive devices.

Firstly, the rangefinder technology is unreliable in its detection of stepsuch as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the spatial informaare, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world around us.are performed forposted.

2. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAThe block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according todifferent level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is used to alert the obstacle.

The light sensing circuit is constructed with an LDR, an LED and a load resistor of 10 ohms. This circuit measures the light intensity which is reflected back by the obstacle. Actually common obstacles that can be interacted by the subject are taken first intensity level is measured in advance with the help of light sensing device. Those already

Sensor Based Spectacles, Waist


instructions. System will be unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the

undings, and relay the information to the control system (human brain or motion control computer). Perhaps the most widely known device is the Lasercane, which might be a regular long cane with a builtInformation System. Despite decades of effort, technology has not yet rewarded us with an electronic device that can completely replace the long cane. There are many problems with

ly available assistive devices.Firstly, the rangefinder technology is unreliable in its detection of step

such as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the spatial information to be cryptic. In order toare, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world around us. This paper proposes an idea of identifyingare performed for about fifteen diffe

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAThe block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according todifferent level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is used to alert the obstacle.




instructions. System will be based on embedded system. unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the


ly available assistive devices.Firstly, the rangefinder technology is unreliable in its detection of step

such as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the tion to be cryptic. In order to

are, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world This paper proposes an idea of identifying

about fifteen diffe

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAThe block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according todifferent level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is used to alert the obstacle.

Figure



IJCIET/index.asp

based on embedded system. unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the


ly available assistive devices. Firstly, the rangefinder technology is unreliable in its detection of step

such as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the tion to be cryptic. In order to

are, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world This paper proposes an idea of identifying

about fifteen different material scenarios and their

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMThe block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according todifferent level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is

ure 1 Block Diagram of the Proposed System


Sensor Based Spectacles, Waist-belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired Peo

asp 877

based on embedded system. unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the


Firstly, the rangefinder technology is unreliable in its detection of stepsuch as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the

tion to be cryptic. In order to navigate, one must beare, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world

This paper proposes an idea of identifyingrent material scenarios and their

GRAM The block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according todifferent level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is

Block Diagram of the Proposed System


belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired Peo

based on embedded system. The motion of a blind traveller in an unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the

undings, and relay the information to the control system (human brain or motion control computer). Perhaps the most widely known device is the Lasercane, which might be a regular long cane with a built-in laser ranging system Information System. Despite decades of effort, technology has not yet rewarded us with an electronic device that can completely replace the long cane. There are many problems with


navigate, one must beare, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world

This paper proposes an idea of identifying materials using sensors. So, experiments rent material scenarios and their

The block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according todifferent level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is




[email protected]

The motion of a blind traveller in an unfamiliar environment is somewhat similar to that of a mobile robot. Both have the physical ability to perform the motion, but they depend on a sensory system to detect obstacles in the

undings, and relay the information to the control system (human brain or motion control computer). Perhaps the most widely known device is the Laser-Cane or any other electronic

in laser ranging system Information System. Despite decades of effort, technology has not yet rewarded us with an electronic device that can completely replace the long cane. There are many problems with


navigate, one must be able to detect where things are, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world

materials using sensors. So, experiments rent material scenarios and their corresponding results are

The block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and LPC2148 has an inbuilt ARM7TDMI microprocessor which is a 32-bit RISC solution. It provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable embedded applications. Ultrasonic sensor is connected according to the needs of its use at different level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is



belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired People

[email protected]


undings, and relay the information to the control system (human brain or motion control Cane or any other electronic

in laser ranging system or a Geographic Information System. Despite decades of effort, technology has not yet rewarded us with an electronic device that can completely replace the long cane. There are many problems with

Firstly, the rangefinder technology is unreliable in its detection of step-downs or step ups, such as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the

able to detect where things are, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world

materials using sensors. So, experiments corresponding results are

The block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and a loudspeaker. The

bit RISC solution. It provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable

the needs of its use at different level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is

The light sensing circuit is constructed with an LDR, an LED and a load resistor of 10 ohms. This circuit measures the light intensity which is reflected back by the obstacle. Actually common obstacles that can be interacted by the subject are taken first and their light intensity level is measured in advance with the help of light sensing device. Those already

[email protected]


undings, and relay the information to the control system (human brain or motion control Cane or any other electronic

or a Geographic Information System. Despite decades of effort, technology has not yet rewarded us with an electronic device that can completely replace the long cane. There are many problems with

downs or step ups, such as curbs. Secondly, blind users find the tactile vibrations that are used to encode the

able to detect where things are, in other words, the spatial positions of objects and other features in the physical world

materials using sensors. So, experiments corresponding results are

The block diagram consists of a Microcontroller (LPC2148), the required number of a loudspeaker. The

bit RISC solution. It provides the low power consumption, small size, and high performance needed in portable

the needs of its use at different level of detection. A small buzzer circuit constructed with transistor and capacitor is

The light sensing circuit is constructed with an LDR, an LED and a load resistor of 10 ohms. This circuit measures the light intensity which is reflected back by the obstacle.

and their light intensity level is measured in advance with the help of light sensing device. Those already

R. Sundar and A.T. Madhavi Madan

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 878 [email protected]

measured value are stored in the voice chip with a corresponding message in it. On real time when LDR measures the already calculated obstacle, it invokes the relevant message from the flash memory of the voice chip. Here the message is communicated through loudspeaker whereas in practical application it can be conveyed to the subject through earphones.

The proposed system will be user friendly has it helps the pedestrian to use it smoothly with a practice. The features are as follow

Usage of Ultrasonic sensor gives accurate obstacle detection

Detection of obstacle from head level to ground level is possible

Determination of the obstacle

Alert message can be of any language that is understandable for the subject

Minimum physical interface The design does not have a complication on building it. It has a transparent flow of

working. It is a wearable aid which is here designed as a spectacle for head level detection, waist-belt for middle level detection and footwear for ground level detection.

3. OBSTACLE DETECTION AND DISTANCE MESUREMENT

3.1. Obstacle Detection Ultrasonic sensors are used for obstacle detection and calculation of its adaptive distance from the visually impaired person as in Fig. 1.

Ultrasonic sensors are used in pair as transceivers. One device which emits sound waves is called as transmitter and other who receives echo is known as receiver. These sensors work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which detects the object with the help of echoes from sound waves. An algorithm is implemented in C-language on LPC2148 microcontroller. The time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo is calculated to determine the distance of an object. As these sensors use sound waves rather than light for object detection, this can be comfortably used in ambient outdoor applications also.

3.2. Distance Measurement The known relationship between distance, time and speed is used here (distance is the product of speed and time). Distance calculated is twice the actual distance because it includes returning time also. Hence, only half of the distance is considered. Using equation 1 the distance is calculated.

D= [(EPWHT) * (SV)/2] (1) Where, D = Distance in cm EPWHT = Echo pulse width high time SV = Sound velocity in cm/s

However, the basic principle of sound is that, the sound velocity in atmosphere changes with respect to different temperatures. When the temperature is 0°C, the sound velocity in the atmosphere reaches 331.45 m/s. For every 1°C temperature rise the sound velocity increases by 0.607 m/s. The sound velocity at different temperatures can be calculated with the following formula.

C＝331.45 m/s ＋ (0.607 m/s * T°C) (2) Where,


C-Sound velocity,T-Current temperature

4. OBSTACLE DETERMINATIAn LED is reflected back by themeasured at the detector. However, it is often notbased on the valueon the geometry and properties of thecannot be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowinglocation [3]. Depending on theby the material and soDependent Resistor (LDR).back. Thus with the property of difference in lightbe used tosignal voltage is calculated and theequation (3).

Light I

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSThe distance of various materials from the ultrasonicusing the equationssound in air with respect to temperature. The testtemperature atspeed of blind people is 0.3 m/s and coveragethe depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the process are carried over by the ARM processor i



Sound velocity, Current temperature

OBSTACLE DETERMINATIAn LED is used for the transmission of light.reflected back by themeasured at the detector. However, it is often notbased on the value on the geometry and properties of the

be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowinglocation [3]. Depending on theby the material and soDependent Resistor (LDR).back. Thus with the property of difference in lightbe used to differentiate betweensignal voltage is calculated and theequation (3).

Light Intensity =

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSThe distance of various materials from the ultrasonicusing the equationssound in air with respect to temperature. The testtemperature at Chennai is 28.6 °C, thus the speed of sound is 3speed of blind people is 0.3 m/s and coveragethe depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the process are carried over by the ARM processor i



Current temperature

OBSTACLE DETERMINATIused for the transmission of light.

reflected back by the material. The emitted light is reflected from the target and itsmeasured at the detector. However, it is often not

of a single light intensity that is reflected back, because theon the geometry and properties of the

be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowinglocation [3]. Depending on theby the material and some are reflected back. The reflectedDependent Resistor (LDR). LDR is used to measure the intensity of the light that isback. Thus with the property of difference in light

differentiate betweensignal voltage is calculated and the

500 ntensity =

10.52 * volt 5 - volt

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSThe distance of various materials from the ultrasonicusing the equations (1) for distance measurement and equation (2) for calculatingsound in air with respect to temperature. The test

Chennai is 28.6 °C, thus the speed of sound is 3speed of blind people is 0.3 m/s and coveragethe depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the process are carried over by the ARM processor i

Figure


IJCIET/index.asp

OBSTACLE DETERMINATIONused for the transmission of light.

material. The emitted light is reflected from the target and itsmeasured at the detector. However, it is often not

of a single light intensity that is reflected back, because theon the geometry and properties of the reflecting

be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowinglocation [3]. Depending on the characteristic of the material, a part of light may be absorbed

me are reflected back. The reflectedLDR is used to measure the intensity of the light that is

back. Thus with the property of difference in lightdifferentiate between different materials. In ARM

signal voltage is calculated and the corresponding light intensity is found using the following

10.52 * volt

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The distance of various materials from the ultrasonic

(1) for distance measurement and equation (2) for calculatingsound in air with respect to temperature. The test

Chennai is 28.6 °C, thus the speed of sound is 3speed of blind people is 0.3 m/s and coveragethe depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the process are carried over by the ARM processor i

ure 2 Light Intensity for Different Materials

Sensor Based Spectacles, Waist-belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired Peo

asp 879

ON used for the transmission of light. Thus, a pulse of light is transmitted and

material. The emitted light is reflected from the target and itsmeasured at the detector. However, it is often not possible to make reliable distance estimates

of a single light intensity that is reflected back, because thereflecting target. Likewise, the properties of the target

be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowingcharacteristic of the material, a part of light may be absorbed

me are reflected back. The reflectedLDR is used to measure the intensity of the light that is

back. Thus with the property of difference in light absorptivity by different materials, this different materials. In ARM

corresponding light intensity is found using the following

AND DISCUSSIONThe distance of various materials from the ultrasonic

(1) for distance measurement and equation (2) for calculatingsound in air with respect to temperature. The test

Chennai is 28.6 °C, thus the speed of sound is 3speed of blind people is 0.3 m/s and coverage angle of ultrasonic sensor is 60°the depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the process are carried over by the ARM processor in general C

Light Intensity for Different Materials


Thus, a pulse of light is transmitted and material. The emitted light is reflected from the target and its

possible to make reliable distance estimates of a single light intensity that is reflected back, because the

target. Likewise, the properties of the target be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowing

characteristic of the material, a part of light may be absorbedme are reflected back. The reflected light is captured by the Light

LDR is used to measure the intensity of the light that isabsorptivity by different materials, this

different materials. In ARM board, thecorresponding light intensity is found using the following

AND DISCUSSIONThe distance of various materials from the ultrasonic sensors ping and HC

(1) for distance measurement and equation (2) for calculating environment in our work is, the average

Chennai is 28.6 °C, thus the speed of sound is 3angle of ultrasonic sensor is 60°

the depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the n general C- language.



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Thus, a pulse of light is transmitted and material. The emitted light is reflected from the target and its

possible to make reliable distance estimates of a single light intensity that is reflected back, because the

target. Likewise, the properties of the target be deduced only from the intensity returns without knowing its distance and angular

characteristic of the material, a part of light may be absorbedlight is captured by the Light

LDR is used to measure the intensity of the light that isabsorptivity by different materials, this

board, the value of the reflected corresponding light intensity is found using the following

AND DISCUSSION sensors ping and HC

(1) for distance measurement and equation (2) for calculatingenvironment in our work is, the average

Chennai is 28.6 °C, thus the speed of sound is 348.66 m/s,angle of ultrasonic sensor is 60°

the depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the language.


belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired People

[email protected]

Thus, a pulse of light is transmitted and material. The emitted light is reflected from the target and its intensity is

possible to make reliable distance estimates of a single light intensity that is reflected back, because the return depends

target. Likewise, the properties of the target its distance and angular

characteristic of the material, a part of light may be absorbedlight is captured by the Light

LDR is used to measure the intensity of the light that is reflected absorptivity by different materials, this

value of the reflected corresponding light intensity is found using the following

(3)

sensors ping and HC-SR04 is calculated (1) for distance measurement and equation (2) for calculating speed of

environment in our work is, the average 48.66 m/s, average walking

angle of ultrasonic sensor is 60°. Fig.2 shows the depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the

[email protected]

Thus, a pulse of light is transmitted and intensity is

possible to make reliable distance estimates return depends

target. Likewise, the properties of the target its distance and angular

characteristic of the material, a part of light may be absorbed light is captured by the Light

reflected absorptivity by different materials, this can

value of the reflected corresponding light intensity is found using the following

(3)

calculated speed of

environment in our work is, the average average walking

. Fig.2 shows the depicted result graph for obstacle determination using Light sensing module. All the


The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interacThe object is determined by glass that is coobstacle interacted by the user (such asaurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If theobstacle whose light inte

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURThe main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the different materials.

Fig.3 shows the proposed model In the distant future it can be extended to a system to suit outdoor environments and made

sure it is wireless module. Also, the audio output to the user can be given using ear phones. a visually impaired person wants to go to a city location, they can corridor globally.


The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interacThe object is determined by glass that is coobstacle interacted by the user (such asaurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If theobstacle whose light inte

CONCLUSION AND FUTURThe main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the different materials.


sure it is wireless module. Also, the audio output to the user can be given using ear phones. a visually impaired person wants to go to a city location, they can corridor using an ETA system in the local area. However, it is difficult to know one's position globally.


Table 1

Materials

Test Environment

White CardbordDark Leather

Opaque PlasticTransparent

PlasticPaperIron

PlywoodStainless steel

AluminiumStone

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interacThe object is determined by glass that is coobstacle interacted by the user (such asaurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If theobstacle whose light intensity values are already stored

CONCLUSION AND FUTURThe main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the different materials.


sure it is wireless module. Also, the audio output to the user can be given using ear phones. a visually impaired person wants to go to a city location, they can

using an ETA system in the local area. However, it is difficult to know one's position


IJCIET/index.asp

Table 1 Average value of LI for Different Materials

Materials

Test Environment

White Cardbord Dark Leather

Opaque Plastic Transparent

Plastic Paper Iron

Plywood Stainless steel

Aluminium Stone

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interacThe object is determined by glass that is coobstacle interacted by the user (such asaurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If the

nsity values are already stored

CONCLUSION AND FUTUREWORKThe main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the

Figure

Fig.3 shows the proposed model which was able to reach the needed result.In the distant future it can be extended to a system to suit outdoor environments and made




asp 880

Average value of LI for Different Materials

Voltage (V)

1.27

1.15 2.4 1.62 2.15

1.74 3.67 2.54 2.58 2.38 1.78

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interacThe object is determined by glass that is connected to the ARM.obstacle interacted by the user (such as wall, glass, cardboard, wood) aurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If the

nsity values are already stored

EWORK The main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the

ure 3 Proposed System

which was able to reach the needed result.In the distant future it can be extended to a system to suit outdoor environments and made





Voltage (V) Light Intensity (LI)

136.94

156.1650.4697.0061.65

87.1016.8045.1343.8151.2584.26

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interac

nnected to the ARM.wall, glass, cardboard, wood)

aurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If thensity values are already stored, corresponding message is given.

The main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the

Proposed System





[email protected]


Light Intensity (LI)

136.94

156.16 50.46 97.00 61.65

87.10 16.80 45.13 43.81 51.25 84.26

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interac

nnected to the ARM. Some of the common wall, glass, cardboard, wood)

aurdino software and the values are stored in the voice chip. If the user interacts any of the , corresponding message is given.

The main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance of the whole strategy, several trials have been conducted on the multi-sensor structure for


sure it is wireless module. Also, the audio output to the user can be given using ear phones. a visually impaired person wants to go to a city location, they can walk along a road or


[email protected]

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity phenomenon for indoor environment. A buzzer is triggered if the user interacts any object.

Some of the common wall, glass, cardboard, wood) are calculated by

user interacts any of the , corresponding message is given.

The main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance

sensor structure for

which was able to reach the needed result. In the distant future it can be extended to a system to suit outdoor environments and made

sure it is wireless module. Also, the audio output to the user can be given using ear phones. walk along a road or


[email protected]

The assistance device in this work will alert the user about the distance of the obstacle from the user and different types of materials are distinguished based on light intensity

ts any object. Some of the common

are calculated by user interacts any of the

, corresponding message is given.

The main objective of this project is to assist blind or visually impaired people to safely move among obstacles and other hazards faced by them in daily life. To investigate the performance

sensor structure for

In the distant future it can be extended to a system to suit outdoor environments and made sure it is wireless module. Also, the audio output to the user can be given using ear phones. If

walk along a road or using an ETA system in the local area. However, it is difficult to know one's position

Sensor Based Spectacles, Waist-belt and Footwear for Visually Impaired People

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 881 [email protected]

Hence, a global positioning method will be the subject of further research. The global position of' the user is obtained using the global positioning system (GPS), and their current position and guidance to their destination will be given to the user by voice. A wall-following function will also be added so that the blind can walk straight along a corridor in an indoor environment .This includes some more application like metal detection, depth measurement, and fire detection.

REFERENCES [1] Faria J, Lopes S, Fernandes H, Martins P, Barroso J, (2010) ‘Electronic white cane for

blind people navigation assistance’ , World Automation Congress (WAC), pp 1-7.

[2] Joselin Villanueva and Rene Farcy, (2011) ‘Optical Device indicating a safe free path for Blind people’, Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on Volume : 61 ,Issue : 1 .

[3] Shripad S. Bhatlawande, Jayant Mukhopadhyay and Manjunatha Mahadevappa, (2012) ‘Wearable technology for Visually Impaired and Blind Person’, Communications (NCC), National Conference on Kharagpur, pp no.978-1-4673-0815-1.

[4] Arjun Sharma, Rahul Patidar, and Shubham Mandovara, (2013) ‘Blind Audio guidance system’, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 3, Special Issue 2.

[5] Karen Duarte, Jose Cecılio, and Jorge Sa Silva, (2014) ‘Information and Assisted navigation system for Blind People’, Published in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Sensing Technology, Liverpool, UK.

[6] Arun.R, Atul Ravi, Anandu Surendren, P.Gokulsrinath and Ragimol. M.G. Prominent Navigation for Visually Impaired People, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology, 7 (2), 2016, pp. 71–77.

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SENSOR BASED SPECTAC LES, WAIST -BELT AND FOOTWEAR … · ultrasonic sensors, buzzer circuit, light sensing circuit, a voice chip and ... Distance Measurement The known relationship