OVERVIEW MODULE HERBAL

MEDICINE

Senin, 9 Februari 2015

PENDAHULUAN

Jumlah Jam /SKS: 29 jam/2 SKS

Aktivitas :

1. Kuliah : 8 x

2. Tutorial : 2 scenario (4X)

3. Praktikum : 3 x

4. Examination : minggu ke 7

Module Coordinators:

Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, M.Si., Apt

Module Secretary:

dr. Rul Afiyah Syarif, M.Kes.

Module Staff:

Dra. Tri Murini, M.Si., Apt.

dr. Yolanda Dyah Kartika, M.Sc.

General instructional objectives Students are expected to understand the use of herbal medicine and

phytopharmaca in therapy

Learning Objective: To know definition and types of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca

To know the meaning of primary and secondary metabolites

To know standarization methods in herbal medicine study

To know the raw material and pharmaceutical dosage form of herbal medicine.

To practice symplisia and extract preparation as basic materials for herbal

medicine.

To identify secondary metabolites of herbal medicine.

To evaluate the meaning of pharmaceutical dosage form of herbal medicine and

phytopharmaca

To know the stage of preclinical and clinical trials for herbal medicine and

phytopharmaca

To know the application of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca in evidence based

clinical practice

To know the risk and side effect of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca.

SILABUS MODUL HERBAL MEDICINE

TIU: Mahasiswa dapat mengerti

penggunaan herbal medicine dalam menunjang terapi

No Topik/Pokok

bahasan

Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam

kegiatan

1. Simplisia and Extract

(Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati W.,

MSi., Apt)

1. Mengetahui definisi simplisia, ekstrak, herbal

medicine dan fitofarmaka.

2. Mengetahui jenis simplisia, bahan dasar dan

penggolongannya.

3. Mengetahui prinsip pembuatan herbal medicine

dan Fitofarmaka

4. Mengetahui tahapan uji pengembangan herbal

medicine dan Fitofarmaka (in vitro dan in vivo )

Kuliah , praktikum

dan tutorial

2. Pengenalan Metabolit sekunder

(Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si.,

Apt)

1. Mengetahui definisi metabolit primer dan

sekunder.

2. Mengetahui peran metabolit sekunder sebagai

senyawa penuntun dalam proses pengembangan

fitofarmaka dan obat modern.

3. Mengetahui penggolongan metabolit sekunder

dan cara identifikasinya.

4. Mengetahui beberapa contoh aktivitas metabolit

sekunder yang sudah ada di pasaran.

5. Dapat mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder dari

bahan herbal.

Kuliah, tutorial

dan praktikum

No Topik/Pokok

bahasan

Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam

kegiatan

3 Standarisasi herbal medicine

Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si.

Apt.

1. Mengetahui definisi standarisasi herbal medicine.

2. Mengetahui jenis, parameter dan cara

standarisasi herbal medicine

3. Mengetahui manfaat standarisasi herbal

medicine

Kuliah dan tutorial

4 Preclinical trials of herbal

medicine

(dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes/Dra Tri

Murini, M.Si.,Apt)

1. Know the importance of preclinical trials for

herbal medicine phytopharmaca

2. Understand the stage of preclinical trials for

herbal medicine phytopharmaca

3. Know some studies of preclinical trials for

herbal medicine phytopharmaca.

Kuliah dan tutorial

5 Penggunaan herbal medicine

dan fitofarmaka dalam

praktek klinis

Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si.,

Apt.

1. Mengetahui jenis bahan herbal yang sering

digunakan dalam praktek klinis.

2. Mengetahui keuntungan dan kerugian

penggunaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka

dalam praktek klinis.

3. Mengetahui beberapa contoh penerapan herbal

medicine dan fitofarmaka dalam praktek klinis.

Kuliah dan tutorial

No Topik/Pokok

bahasan

Tujuan Pembelajaran Macam

kegiatan

6 Clinical trials of herbal medicine

(dr. Rustamaji, M.Kes/Prof. Dr.

Mae Sri Hartati

W.,M.Si.,Apt)

1. Know the importance of clinical trials for herbal

medicine phytopharmaca

2. Understand the stage of clinacl trials for herbal

medicine phytopharmaca

3. Know some studies of clinical trials for herbal

medicine phytopharmaca.

Kuliah dan tutorial

7 Bentuk sediaan Herbal medicine

dan Fitofarmaka

Dra Tri Murini, M.Si., Apt

1. Mengetahui bahan dasar herbal medicine dan

fitofarmaka

2. Mengetahui macam-macam bentuk sediaan

herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka.

3. Mengetahui lambang dan logo sediaan herbal

medicine dan fitofarmaka.

4. Mengetahui keuntungan dan kelemahan bentuk

sediaan herbal medicine dan fitofarmaka

Kuliah, tutorial,

dan praktikum

8 Safety of herbal medicine and

Phytopharmaca

dr. Rul Afiyah Syarif.,M.Kes/Dra

Tri Murini, M.Si

1. Mengetahui resiko terjadinya interaksi antara

herbal medicine dan obat modern.

2. Mengetahui interaksi farmakokinetik and

farmakodinamik antara herbal medicine dan obat

modern

3. Mengetahui efek samping herbal medicine dan

Fitofarmaka

4. Mengetahui beberapa contoh interaksi antara

herbal medicine dan obat modern, serta contoh

efek sampingnya

Kuliah dan tutorial

TUTORIAL

THE MAGIC LEAVES

A 45-year-old male patient is diagnosed by the doctor having

nephrolithiasis. The doctor advised him to do a surgery, but he is afraid to

do so. The patient asked the doctor if he can use herbal medicine

because his friend told him to try drinking water extract of tempuyung

leaves. The doctor found the information that tempuyung leaves contains

flavonoid as one of secondary metabolite. Afterwards, the doctor wonder

whether this extract has been standardized for herbal medicine.

.

Scenario-1

Sub-module 1: Basic Science of Herbal Medicine

Scenario-2

FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MEDICINE

FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN MEDICINE

A doctor working in a public health care just read a health journal that publishes

efficacy of curcumin capsule, a new drug syntesized from traditional plant. In the

journal curcumin capsule is given to cure hepatitis. He know that his work area is

rich of medicinal plants and some people live here usually use the plants to

relieve their diseases. Further, he want to know how the process of producing a

new drug from natural resources such as from plant become modern drugs.

Sub-module 2: Drug Development of Herbal Medicine and Phytopharmaca

1. Simplisia and extract preparation

- 100 minutes (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, M.Si., Apt) To practice symplisia and extract preparation as raw materials for

herbal medicine.

2. Identification of secondary metabolic - 100 minutes (Prof. Dr. Mae Sri Hartati, Apt)

Able to identify the secondary metabolite of herbal medicine 3. Information of pharmaceutical dosage form for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca - 100 minutes (Dra. Tri Murini, MSi., Apt) Able to understand the basic material of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca Able to understand the pharmaceutical dosage forms of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca

PROCEDURE

Each group of students ( 2-3 persons ) prepares one simplisia and one

extract in this laboratory practice. Extracts are prepared by using infusion

and maceration methods

A. SIMPLISIA

Simplisia of the Curcuma xanthoriza and Curcuma manggo

Simplisia of the Sonchus arvensis

1. Simplisia and extract preparation

SIMPLISIA PREPARATION:

Rhizome Simplicia Materials :

Rhizome: Curcuma Xanthorrhiza, Curcuma domestica, and Curcuma alba

Material gathering

Rhizomes are collected when the plants have wilted and dried. The main

rhizome including their branches all serve as the materials, from which symplisia are to

be made. After the roots of the rhizome are cut off and thrown away, the rhizome are

washed and then left to dry.

Making process

The rhizomes are then sliced into 3-up to 4-mm-thick chips and laid on a mat to

dry before storage.

Leaf Simplisia Material :

Sonchus arvensis L leaves

Material gathering and the process of simplisia preparation.

The leaves of the plants (two months old), are picked and washed. The leaves

are covered with a pice of black cloth and left to dry before storage. Another way to dry

the leaves are put in the oven set at 50-60 oC.

INFUSION Infusion of Sonchus arvensis

Infusion of Curcuma xanthoriza

INFUSION PREPARATION:

a. Sub group I and II :

Preparation of Curcuma xanthoriza (Temulawak) infusion

a). Eight gram of Curcuma xanthoriza is put into water until final

volume is 200 ml

b). It is then heated under (90-96 oC) on a water bath for 15 minutes.

c). Filter the infusion and then filtrate poured in to a clean bottle.

d). Ready to be consumed for natural appetite.

b. Sub group III and IV :

Preparation of Sonchus arvensis (Tempuyung) infusion.

a). A half gram (0,5) of Sonchus arvensis is put into water until final

volume is 100 ml

b). It is then heated under (90-96 oC) on a water bath for 15 minutes

c). Filter the infusion and then filtrate poured in to a clean bottle.

d). Ready to be consumed for remedy of the kidney stone problem.

EXTRACT Metanol extract of the Curcuma xanthoriza

Chloroform extract of the Curcuma xanthoriza

Metanol extract of the Sonchus arvensis

Chloroform extract of the Sonchus arvensis

EXTRACT PREPARATION Ten gram of simplisia is macerated in a certain solvent for 24 hours, then it is

filtered. The supernatan is evaporated to dryness.

Spotting Silica gel GF254 plate (as Stationary phase) 1. Mark the origin and solvent front on TLC plate with pencil.

2. Take the extract and put it in druple plate, then a little solvent {CHCl3+MeOH;

(1:1, v/v)} was added to dissolve.

3. Take a little of the extract solution using a capillary tube, and drop it on the

TLC plate.

4. Dry the plate using a hair dryer.

2. Identification of secondary metabolite

(1)

Mark the origin and solvent front on

TLC plate with pencil.

(2)

Apply sample on the origin as

fine 1 cm band.

Cont…

Development. 1. Make a suitable developing solvent as mobile phase (±4 mL)

CHCl3 extract ( Wash Benzene+Etyl Acetat :3:1, v/v)

MeOH/EtOH extract ( Wash Benzene+Etyl Acetat : 1:1, v/v)

2. Put a mobile phase into a chamber and capped with a watch glass.

3. Put the plate into chamber and let the mobile phase develop the plate.

4. Make sure the origin spot are not below the mobile phase level.

5. When the surface of the mobile phase reaches the upper end of the TLC plate,

the development is stopped.

6. Take out the plate from the chamber and let dry it using a hair dryer

2. Identification of secondary metabolite

Cont…

(3)

Put the plate into chamber containing suitable

developing solvent and let the solvent develop the

plate.

(4)

Take out the plate from the chamber when the solvent

reach the solvent front and let it air dried.

Visualization The plate observe using our naked eye, then using UV light 254 and 366 nm.

Record the TLC pictures.

Spray the plate with specific reagen:

Serium sulfat : Terpenoid group

Sitroborat : Flavonoid group

Dragendorf : Alkaloid group

Heat the plate on an oven set at 110 oC for 3 minutes.

Finally, record the change of colour.

(5)

Spray the plates individually with :

(a) Serium Sulfat reagent

(b) Dragendorf reagent

(6)

Heat the plate which is sprayed

with serium sulfat/dragendorf

on hot plate at 110°C to

develop colours.

Counting Rf values.

Rf = Distance spot travels

Distance mobile phase travels

CARA PERHITUNGAN RF

RF = B = 2,3 = 0,32

A 7,2

A

B

2. Information of pharmaceutical dosage form for herbal medicine and phytopharmaca

1.Evaluate the kind of herbal medicine and phytopharmaca pharmaceutical dosage form. 2.The students are required to evaluate the dosage form of phytopharmaca in market in relation to the brochure. 3.The students are offer to ask questions about dosage form specification.

BLUE PRINT ASSESMENT Components of the students’ work evaluation

1. Tutorial : 20 % (miniquis)

2. Practical work and field visit : 20 % (pretest dan lap)

3. Final exam : 60 %

Final exam. (60% of the final score)

- 60 minutes/ 60 MCQ

: 47 (lecture materials)

: 4 (tutorial materials)

: 9 (Practical materials)

Time : Week 7

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