SENDAI microgrid before, during and after the March 11 disastere2rg.com/microgrid-2012/Sendai_Hirose.pdf · 2012-08-02 · DOE workshop July 30, 2012 SENDAI microgrid before, during

DOE workshop July 30, 2012

SENDAI microgrid before, during and after the March 11 disaster

Keiichi HIROSE, Ph.D.

R&D Headquarters,

NTT Facilities, Inc. Tokyo, Japan

July 30, 2012 © 2012 NTT FACILITIES, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

Servers

Lightings

Fans

SENDAI Microgrid System

1 mega-watt microgrid system in university campus

PV panels

AC grid power

Gas Gen

Fuel cells

Natural gas

(City gas) Batteries

High quality power supply

for mission critical loads

Renewable energy

(Solar)

PV panels

Fuel cells

Power converters

& batteries

Gas Gen-sets

Supported by NEDO

FY 2005-08

Power

converters


•Deregulation and liberalizing the market for electric power

•Contribution to environmental protection •Practical use for distributed power supply •Increase in customer demand for high PQ and so on…

Studies on an ideal power supply network system for Japan have been conducted

Trends on electricity and customer need in Japan

Multi Power Quality Microgrid (MPQM)

Background of Our Project


• Optimized operation between the grid power and

distributed generators

• Development of a new power plant for multiple

power quality level feedings

• Field operation for real customers in some areas

• Verification of the power plant’s reliability, stability,

and security

Purpose of Multiple PQ Microgrid Demo


Evolution of the SENDAI Microgrid

1st step 2nd step 3rd step Today

March 11,

2011

NEDO

Demonstration Ongoing

operation

Change of

operation

Change of

Fuel cells

Design/development

Construction

Demo

•Installation of PAFC

July 2011

•PAFC Operation

2005 Start

March 2008

Finish

・Hospital open

・Heat recovery and

quality level-C add

Evolution from

Electric power to

Energy

supply system

•Stop quality level B2

•Abolition of city zone

•DVD remove

•MCFC remove

•Change GE

operation pattern

Managed by NTT Facilities (NTT-F)


Contents

1. NEDO Sendai Project (2005-2008)

2. Performance of SENDAI microgrid

3. After NEDO Sendai Project (2008- )

4. March 11 Disaster in2011

5. Conclusion

July 30, 2012 © 2012 NTT FACILITIES, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 6

DVR* #2

Normal Quality

Load

B3 Quality

Load

130 kW 700 kW

350 kW 350 kW 50 kW

18 kW

6.6 kVac Bus

Point of Common

Coupling PV GasG GasG

250 kW

MCFC

420 kW

B1 Quality

Load

DVR* #1

B2 Quality

Load

20 kW 180 kW

A Quality

Load

DC Quality

Load

*: Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Integrated Power Supply

IPS

Measuring point ( Total 22 pts)

System Configuration during NEDO Demo

20

0 k

VA

60

0 k

VA

DGs

PQ Improvement

Different PQ Levels’ Loads


PCC DER

A Quality Load

Energy Management System

： Measuring (rms)

： PLC

: Measuring (Waveform)

： GPS

： Server

: HUB

System components

: Optical cable

: TP cable

B1 Quality Load

B2 Quality Load

B3 Quality Load

Control System

Measurement system

WEB System

Remote monitoring

: Metal cable

： PC

: Modem

: E/O Transducer


Power Quality Control Room

PQCR

Switch gear panels

Gas engine sets

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)

Molten Carbonate

Fuel Cells (MCFC)

Back-to-back test equipment

PV Panel Strings

Layout of Power Plant


App. 0.5 km (0.3 mile)

High School

Water Plant Facility

Connecting Point with Utility Grid

Cable Routes Buildings

N

University Zone

City-owned Zone

Map of Field Demonstration Area

Energy Center

Tokyo

SENDAI

Osaka


University Zone

Energy Center For this Demo

Source: Tohoku Fukushi Univ. Web Site


City-Owned Zone

High School

City-owned Zone

University Zone

Public Road

Water Treatment Facility


Typical Daily Load Profile

Induction motors

Start-up/stop

University zone City owned zone


System Configuration (DC circuit)

PDU

using semiconductor switch

(4 branches)

430 VDC

400 VAC

IPS

Integrated

Power

Supply

AC/DC

6,600 VAC

Grid

DC/DC

300

VDC

Batteries

48 VDC Servers

Lightings

Fans

Supplier

Side

Consumer

Side DC/DC

PV panels

（50 kWp）

20 kW

430 Vdc : AC/DC output voltage with Lead-acid Batteries

: DC bus voltage for power plant

300 Vdc : Distribution voltage

48 Vdc : Input voltage range of load equipment

N+1

300 VDC HVDC

Servers

DC/DC

DC/DC

5 kW

5 kW

N+1

48 VDC


DC Loads and Cables

Impedance Units (Up to 500 m) 1 unit :100 m@100 sq.

Fan (DC -48V) Lighting (DC -48V)

Servers (DC-48V) (HP BL20p)

Intel’s HVDC Servers (DC 300V)


Contents





5. Conclusion


State Transition of the SENDAI System

DVR* #2

Normal Quality

Load

B3 Quality

Load

350 kW 350 kW 50 kW

6.6 kVac Bus

Utility Grid

PV GasG GasG

250 kW

MCFC

B1 Quality

Load

DVR* #1

B2 Quality

Load

A Quality

Load

DC Quality

Load


IPS

20

0 k

VA

60

0 k

VA

I GridInterconnection

II IslandOperation

III BackupMode


II IslandOperation

III BackupMode


II IslandOperation

III BackupMode


II IslandOperation

III BackupMode


Meeting before Islanding Test


Engineers of NTT Facilities


Daily Power Profile in Grid Interconnection


BT

B o

utp

ut

Voltage (

p.u

.)

Qualit

y A

Voltage (

p.u

.)

Qualit

y B

1

Voltage (

p.u

.)

Qualit

y B

2

Voltage (

p.u

.)

Qualit

y B

3

Voltage (

p.u

.)

Time (s)

-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

2

1

0

-1

-2

2

1

0

-1

-2

2

1

0

-1

-2

2

1

0

-1

-2

2

1

0

-1

-2

Voltage Compensation in Dips


-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Time (s)

Fre

qu

en

cy (

p.u

.)MCFC parallel off

CB #2 on the AC-bus open

Pole Air Switch

(PAS) open

GE control changed from

constant power factor to

constant voltage and

frequency

Frequency

Voltage

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.0

Vo

lta

ge

(kV

)C

urr

ent

(A)

80

60

40

20

0Grid Current

MCFC Current

CB #2 Current (Upstream)

GE Gen-sets Current

Characteristic in Transient


Block Diagram of Integrated Power Supply (IPS)

PV

Battery

DC AC

ACSW

A Load

B1 Load

DC Load

AC DC

DC DC

DC DC

IPS

PV

Battery

DC Bus DC

AC

ACSW

A Load

B1 Load

DC Load

AC DC

DC DC

DC DC

Bidirectional

Converter

B2 Load Load

AC Bus

Normal Load Load

G

Turn On

Induction Motor

75

kW

Resistance

100

kW

Inject

+P, +/-Q

By Bi-directional

Converter


Result of PQ Compensation (Level B2)

47

48

49

50

51

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

1.05

Voltage (

p.u

.)

Fre

quency (

Hz)

Time (s)

Time (s)

0 5 10 15 20

0 5 10 15 20

-2.6 Hz

-0.06 p.u

-0.17 p.u

-0.8 Hz

With compensation

Without compensation


Test Result of Islanding Operation

0.98

0.99

1.00

1.01

1.02

13

:38

13

:43

13

:48

13

:53

13

:58

14

:03

14

:08

14

:13

14

:18

14

:23

14

:28

14

:33

14

:38

Time (February 23, 2008)

Vo

ltag

e, F

req

ue

ncy (

p.u

.)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

13

:38

13

:43

13

:48

13

:53

13

:58

14

:03

14

:08

14

:13

14

:18

14

:23

14

:28

14

:33

14

:38

Time (Feburary 23, 2008)

Active

Po

we

r （kW）

GE Output

B2 Load

IPS Input

PV Output

Frequency

Voltage


Contents





5. Conclusion


University zone

After the NEDO Demo…

University hospital opened

The nursing care health care facility for the elderly

App. 500 m

Demo zone

Power route

Buildings

Road

Heat route

2. Power quality C (For emergency back up power)

3. Changing demonstration zone (Disconnected city-owned zone)

1. Heat recovery of DG’s


Defined Power Quality Levels

Requirements

Category

DC Power

AC Power

Level A Level B1 Level B2 Level B3

Interruption NI NI Less than

15 ms Less than

15 ms Less than

15 ms

Voltage Dip Y Y Y Y Y

Outage Y Y Y Y* -

Voltage Fluctuations

Y Y - - -

Voltage Harmonics Y Y - - -

Voltage Unbalance N/A Y - - -

Frequency Variation

N/A Y - - -

Note: NI: No Interruption, Y: With compensation -: Without compensation, *: When Gas engine sets generated

Option

AC power

Level C

-

Y

-

-

-

-

Emergency Backup power


Kinds of Load

Levels Capacity of Converters

Consumers (Load) Zone

Level A 200 kVA Clinic (MRIs) Laboratory (servers)

University

Level B1 20 kVA Nursing Care Facilities (lighting, PCs) University

Level B2 600 kVA High School (lighting, PCs, elevators) Water plant (induction motors)

City-owned

Level B3 200 kVA Nursing Care Facilities (lighting, clinic equipment)

University

DC 20 kW Energy Center (300 Vdc and 48 Vdc) (servers, lighting, fans)

University

Normal Quality

N/A Nursing Care Facilities Training Center Dormitories

University

Level C ~ 10 kW Hospital (Emergency power) University


Power Quality Level-C and PAFC

DVR* #2

Normal Quality

Load

B3 Quality

Load

130 kW 700 kW

350 kW 350 kW 50 kW

18 kW

6.6 kVac Bus

Point of Common

Coupling PV GasG GasG

200 kW

PAFC

Hospital

B1 Quality

Load

C Quality

Load

20 kW 180 kW

A Quality

Load

DC Quality

Load


IPS

20

0 k

VA

SW gear

200 Vac 400 Vdc


Heat Recovery System in SENDAI Microgrid

Electricity

Gas engine Nursing Care Facilities 2

Nursing Care Facilities 1

Hospital

Hot water

Cooling

Heating

Hot water

Heating

Hot water MCFC

Gas engine

Grid power City gas

Heat

SENDAI Microgrid

Heat

exch

an

ger

•Improve total energy efficiency by CHP (co-generation system) •Cut an extra CAPEX of emergency generator and fuel storage tank in hospital

Switch over when emergnecy situations

Generator


SENDAI Microgrid after the NEDO Demo

MCFC DVR 600kVA

For quality level-B2

Removed

Heat recovery plant


Contents





5. Conclusion


Damages of the Great East Japan Earthquake

Victims:

dead persons: 15,854

Missing persons:6,434

Damages:

Farmland: 213.6ha

Fishing ports: more than 300

Fishing vessels: more than 22,000

Economic losses: 13 billion yen to 20 trillion JPY

Blackouts:

March 11, 2011

TOHOKU electric power: 4.4 million

TOKYO electric power: 4.04 million

April 7, 2011

TOHOKU electric power: 4.01 million

The TOHOKU region pacific

coast earthquake,

March 11, 2011 SENDAI microgrid system

Long duration outage area

caused by the disaster.


14:47:00

14:47:10

14:47:20

14:47:30

14:47:40

14:47:50

14:48:00

14:48:10

14:48:20

14:48:30

14:48:40

14:48:50

14:49:00

14:49:10

14:49:20

14:49:30

14:49:40

14:49:50

14:50:00

ロケーション別イベント発生状況（本震 2011/3/11 14:46頃三陸沖 M9.0）

周波数低下周波数上昇電圧低下電圧上昇停電検出

青森SC

盛岡SC

秋田SC

仙台SC

山形SC

福島SC

新潟SC

茨城SC

栃木SC

群馬SC

埼玉支店

千葉SC

大手町SC

立川SC

神奈川東SC

山梨SC

青森SC

盛岡SC

秋田SC

仙台SC

山形SC

福島SC

新潟SC

茨城SC

栃木SC

群馬SC

埼玉支店

千葉SC

大手町SC

立川SC

神奈川東SC

山梨SC

停電期間

Aomori

Akita

Fukushim

a

Morioka

Sendai

Yamagata

Niigata

Ibaraki

Tochigi

Gunma

Saitama

Chiba

Otemachi

Tachikawa

Yamanashi

Kanagawa

Aomori

Akita

Fukushima

Morioka

Sendai

Yamagata

Niigata

Ibaraki Tochigi

Gunma

Saitama

Chiba

Otemachi

Tachikawa

Kanagawa

× Over-

frequency

×Under-

frequency

◆Voltage

dip ◆Swell ＊Outage Duration

Power Quality in East Japan Area

Abnormal frequency detected

14:47:00 14:50:00 14:48:00 14:49:00

Yamanashi


Under frequency in Sendai (14:47:41)

<-48.4 Hz

<-50.0 Hz


Condition of Supplying Power during March 11

Date in 2011

March 11 March 12 March 13 March 14

Utility Grid

GasG

DC

AC A

AC B1

AC B3

PV

MPQM continued to supply DC, A, B1without any interruptions for VRLA batteries and PV generation system. GasG had supplied power for 43 hours during outage.

Grid Connection

▼14:47:10 Voltage collapse Grid Outage

Outage

▼8:16:43 Grid Recover

Stop Islanding operation

Supply from GasG

Supply from GasG

Supply from GasG Outage

Outage

Outage

▼Disconnect ▼About 12:00 GE started. （Islanding operation）

▼About 14:00 Dispatch Start (for customer needs)

▼02:06 Stopped manually

Supply from Battery Supply from GasG

Battery

Battery

▼02:06 Stopped manually

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection

Grid Connection


Source: Gas bureau, City of SENDAI Web Site

Devastated by the great earthquake and Tsunami.

Energy Center

Port Plant (Main Tank)

The Condition of Gas Supply in SENDAI (Medium and High-pressure Type Gas)

Law-pressure gas for domestic use was stopped in the whole SENDAI area two hours after the earthquake. 25days after the disaster, supply was resumed in almost the whole area.

Area of gas supply

Main route of gas line

Energy Center

Saiwaityou Plant

Port Plant

Saiwaityou Plant

(Reserve Tank )

The outline of gas line

・The Plumbing fixture is extreme

strong against earthquake

・Loop style supply route

・Distributed storaGasG equipments

[Medium-pressure Type Gas]


Situation of Damage in SENDAI Site

Nothing abnormal on power system in the Energy Center. A few of slight cracks and gaps have been detected on the building

and its foundation.

Crack at the outer wall of PQCR（Power Quality Control Room）

A gap on the noise suppression panel

Peeling off the masonry joint of the foundation


Contents





5. Conclusion


• Combination of different types of energy sources is essential for higher reliability. Medium pressure gas pipe lines in Japan were very strong.

• Technologies of seamless transfer and uninterruptible power supply are key factors for microgrids.

• DC power with battery is quite reliable and effective.

• Without well-trained engineers, just high-performance hardware and software are useless. Trainings for operators and service engineers are extremely important for BCP.

• Scalability and flexibility of the microgrids will accelerate the return on investment.

Lessons obtained by NEDO demo and March 11 Disaster


Next Step

•NEDO

Demonstration

(FY 2005-2008)

•March 11, 2011

•Trainings and

experiences

•Data base

(Big data)

Design, operation,

and management

Multiple-energy

supply

Power quality and

reliability analysis

Small and medium

sized microgirds

for smart

community

Reliable and

efficient energy

system for data

centers

DC power

Cost analysis

Targets

Basic system (Standards, cookie cutter)

+ Options (Customize, localize)


• NTT Facilities has designed, developed and evolved a multi power quality supply system that includes distributed generators as the SENDAI microgrid.

• This system enables high quality power supply against grid failures.

• This system has excellent disaster-resistance which delivers uninterrupted power supply. It survived the March 11th earthquake in 2011.

• NTT-F’s next challenges will be some 100-kw class microgrids with seamless transfer and their operation at the same time.

Conclusions and NTT-F’s Future Plan


Thank you for your attention!

Keiichi Hirose

[email protected]

Contact Information

mailto:[email protected]




Advanced power supply system

against “March 11 disaster”

Source: http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/a-microgrid-that-wouldnt-quit/0

The TOHOKU region pacific

coast earthquake,

March 11, 2011

SENDAI microgrid system

by NTT Facilities

Long duration outage area

caused by the disaster.

http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/a-microgrid-that-wouldnt-quit/0













Documents

SENDAI microgrid before, during and after the March 11 disastere2rg.com/microgrid-2012/Sendai_Hirose.pdf · 2012-08-02 · DOE workshop July 30, 2012 SENDAI microgrid before, during