Seminar Final PPT

8/11/2019 Seminar Final PPT

1/24

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

Karan Shah F073


2/24

WHAT EXACTLY IS INDUSTRIAL

AUTOMATION?

Industrial automation or numerical control is theuse of control systems such as computers to control

industrial machinery and processes, reducing theneed for human intervention.

In the scope of industrialization, automation is astep beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization

provided human operators with machinery to assistthem with the physical requirements of work,automation greatly reduces the need for humansensory and mental requirements as well.

Processes and systems can also be automated.


3/24

A FEW EXAMPLES FOR BETTER

UNDERSTANDING Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been

replaced largely by automated telephoneswitchboards and answering machines. Medical

processes such as primary screening inelectrocardiography or radiography and laboratoryanalysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues arecarried out at much greater speed and accuracy byautomated systems. Automated teller machines have

reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash andcarry out transactions. In general, automation hasbeen responsible for the shift in the world economyfrom agrarian to industrial in the 19th century andfrom industrial to services in the 20th century.


4/24

APPLICATIONS


5/24

WHY IS AUTOMATION NECESSARY

Reliability and precision

Repeatability

Convertibility and turnaround time


6/24

MAIN BODY OF AUTOMATION

SCADA - Supervisory Control and DataAcquisition

PLC - Programmable Logic Controller DRIVES - Variable Speed Drives

SENSORS Transducers, Feedbackequipment's.

AUXILIARIES Converters, Power Supplies,Different Communication mediums etc.


7/24

SCADA

SUPERVISORY CONTROL means monitoring& controlling the parameters of the equipmentor process at a factory, plant or other remote

location away from the monitoring computer DATA ACQUISITION refers to the continuous

monitoring of these equipment's in order toretrieve the control information.

USES Chemical Plants, Electricity Generation, Electric PowerTransmission, Traffic Signal etc.


8/24

TYPICAL SCADA SYSTEM


9/24

SCADA SUB-SYSTEMS

Human-Machine Interface is the apparatuswhich presents process data to a humanoperator, and through this, the humanoperator monitors and controls the process.

Remote Terminal Units connecting to sensors in

the process, converting sensor signals to digitaldata and sending digital data to the supervisorysystem


10/24

SCADA


11/24

HMI

DIFFERENCE IN SCADA & HMI

HMI is fitted directly on the field locationSCADA is fitted at the remote location


12/24

PLC Programmable logic controllers are the most widely used

electronic devices in the control of production andassembly process in most automated factories due to itssimplicity and versatility.

A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a user friendly,microprocessor-based, specialized computercarrying out control functions of many types and levelsof complexity in industrial applications.


13/24

TYPES OF PLC PROGRAMMING

Ladder Logic

Sequential Function Charts

Function Block Diagram

Structured Text

Instruction List


14/24

MODULAR PLC


15/24


16/24

LADDER LOGIC


17/24

AC MOTORS

It commonly consists of two basic parts, anoutside stationary stator, and an inside rotorattached to the output shaft.

There are two main types of AC motors,depending on the type of rotor used.

Induction motor

Synchronous motor


18/24

DC MOTOR

A DC motor is a mechanicallycommutated electric motorpowered from direct current (DC).The stator is stationary in space by

definition and therefore so is itscurrent. The current in the rotor isswitched by the commutator toalso be stationary in space. This ishow the relative angle between thestator and rotor magnetic flux ismaintained near 90 degrees,which generates the maximumtorque.


19/24

SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

Armature voltage control

This method is used for controlling speed up tobase speed of the motor. Base speed is the speed

at which the motor delivers the rated power andtorque at rated armature and field current.

Field control

if the speed required is more than the base

speed and the armature voltage is not beincreased beyond the rated voltage, the choice isto decrease the field flux. To achieve this, thefield current is to be decreased.


20/24

SENSORS

A sensor (also calleddetector) is a converter thatmeasures a physicalquantity and converts it into

a signal which can be readby an observer or by an(today mostly electronic)instrument.

LIMIT SWITCHLimit switch is a switchoperated by the motion of amachine part or presence ofan object. They are used for

control of a machine, assafety interlocks, or to countobjects passing a point.


21/24

CASE STUDY ON FULLY

AUTOMATED OIL TANKER There are several layers of Automation used in Marine

Application Fully Mechanised Ships

These were the initial kind of ships having very low or no level ofautomation and all operation were to be carried out mechanically

Semi-Automated Ships These type of ships have several automated operations but they are

not communicating with each other and need to calibratedindividually

Fully Automated Ships These types of ships have all systems working in communication

with a master computer which controls each operation. They havesystems for self-calibration like sensor feedback systems, closedcircuit operation

Autonomous Ships These type of ships are unmanned and work autonomously by

their actually control offshore, these ships are still under research.


22/24


23/24

MasterController

Boiler Control

BurnerControl

Level Switch

Level Sensor

Pump andValve Control

Inert GasSystem

Gas InputController

ScrubberController

Sample LineCheckingSystem

Pump AndValve

Controller

PropulsionSystem

Main EngineControl

Bow ThrusterControl

Steering

System

HydraulicControlling

System


24/24

THANK YOU

Documents

Seminar Final PPT