SEMESTER I EXAMReview A 2011

SHELDON BIOLOGY

Match Parts of Scientific Method

• Problem Statement

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

• If and then…

• Agree or disagree with hypothesis

• Data tables, graphs

• What is the effect of…?

Match Parts of Scientific Method

• Problem Statement

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

• If and then…

• Agree or disagree with hypothesis

• Data tables, graphs

• What is the effect of…?

Identify the variables?

Which is the independent variable?

Which is the dependent variable?

Identify the variables?

Which is the independent variable? (x-AXIS) temperature

Which is the dependent variable?

(y-AXIS)

Log. Generations per hour

Which is a HYPOTHESIS and which is a THEORY.

• If you put cold water in a fish tank, then the fish will slow down.

• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Hypothesis

• Theory

Which is “spontaneous generation” and which is from the “cell theory?”• The basic unit of life

is a cell

• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Life comes from rotten meat (non-life).

• Cell theory

• Cell theory

• Spontaneous generation

Which part of the experiment…

• Does not contain the tested variable (but is used as a comparison)?

• A. control

• B. constant

• C. independent variable

• D. dependent variable?

• ANSWER: control

Put in the correct order:

• Community• Population• Organelle• Organ System• Organism• Organ• tissue• Ecosystem• Molecule• cell

• Ecosystem• Community• Population• organism• Organ system• Organ• Tissue• Cell• Organelle• Molecule

Where would you dipose of waste chemicals in the lab?

• Sink

• Chemical waste jar

• Trash can

• ANSWER: chemical waste jar

Which goes with ASEXUAL and which goes with SEXUAL

reproduction?

• One parent

• Two parents

• Exactly like parent

• May be different

• ASEXUAL

• SEXUAL

• ASEXUAL

• SEXUAL

HOW MANY VARIABLES DO YOU TEST AT A TIME IN AN

EXPERIMENT?

• One

• Two

• Three

• As many as you want

• ANSWER: ONE

Which is HOMEOSTASIS and which is METABOLISM?

• Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism

• An organism maintains a stable internal environment even when the external environment is not

• METABOLISM

• HOMEOSTASIS

Which is the correctly written scientific name for the Great

Horned Owl?• A. Bubo virginianus (italic.)• B. Bubo virginianus (no italic.)• C. Bubo Virginianus (both capital.)• D. Bubo Virginianus (underlined + italic.)• E. Bubo virginianus (only underlined)

• ANSWER: A and E• Note: genus and species

Which are constants, which are controls?

• Same beaker in each trial

• Set-up of room temperature as compared to hot and cold

• Same crickets for each trial

• Constant

• Control

• constant

Which are ATOMS (smallest unit of elements) and which are CELLS

(smallest living unit)?• Amoeba

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• blood

• CELL

• ATOM

• ATOM

• CELL

Which is an INFERENCE and which is an OBSERVATION?

• The penguin is black and white

• The penguin acts like a duck

• The penguin is cute

• The penguin is eating fish.

• Observation (senses or measuring)

• Inference (own opinion, experiences)

• Inference

• Observation

What is the correct way to…

• Detect an odor in the lab?

• Care for acid in eyes

• Dispose of broken test tube after the lab?

• Wafting

• Rinse in eye wash station

• In the designated broken glass container – Boo Yah

The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and

growth ULTIMATELY comes from:

• A. heat

• B. decomposition of plants

• C. carbon dioxide

• D. sun

• ANSWER: D. sun

What would each tool be used for?

• Hold test tube

• Protect eyes

• Hold beaker

How many p, n, and e-?

• 19 mass number (p + n)• F• 9 atomic number (p) (also e-)

• ANSWER: 9 p, 9 e-, 10 n• p+ and e- = at. no.• #n = mass no. – at. no.

• Prokaryotic – no nucleus

• bacteria

• Eukaryotic – has a nucleus

• protists, fungi, plants, animals

Atoms with different number of neutrons from its neutral atom (as

seen on Periodic Table) is:• An ion

• An isotope

• A bond

• A molecule

• ANSWER: an isotope

Water has unequal sharing of electrons. It is…

• A. nonpolar ionic

• B. nonpolar covalent

• C. polar ionic

• D. polar covalent

• ANSWER: D

Interpret the graph

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Which sugar induces more bacterial growth?

Interpret the graph

Independent variable – Time (hours)

Dependent variable –log number of viable bacterial/mL

Which sugar induces more bacterial growth? Glucose only

In a salt water solution, identify the solute, the solvent, and the

solution:

• Solute = salt (is being dissolved)

• Solvent = water

• (does the dissolving)

• Solution = solvent + solute

Which shows the correct bonding ability of carbon?

Which shows the correct bonding ability of carbon?

Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell…so it can bond to four more to have a filled shell.

Atoms with different number of electrons from its neutral atom is:

• An ion

• An isotope

• A bond

• A molecule

• ANSWER: an ion (charged atom, lost or gained electrons)

Ice floats because…

• A. it is colder than liquid water• B. its water molecules are farther apart due to H-

bonding (under 4oC)• C. it is denser than liquid water• D. its molecules are moving faster

• ANSWER: B• H-bonding = H+ end attracts • O- end

Fill in the blanks:

• In an ionic bond the electrons are _______________ and in a covalent bond the electrons are_______.

• ANSWER: transferred (lost/gained)

• shared

Describe water’s property

• Surface tension

• Heat of fusion

• Capillarity

• High

• High

• Rises in narrow tubes

What is the element?

• Na

• C

• O

• H

• Sodium

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• hydrogen

An atom is stable when…

• A. number of electrons = number of protons

• B. outer electron shells are full

• C. number of neutrons = number of protons

• ANSWER: B

What is the charge of each?

• Electron

• Proton

• neutron

• Negative

• Positive

• neutral

Which tool is the most precise for measuring water?

Which tool is the most precise for measuring water?(graduated

cylinder)

Fill in the blanks

• In an acid the ___________ions are donated to the water solution, but in a base the __________ions are donated to the water solution:

• ANSWER: H+ OH-

• hydronium hydroxide

MATCH THE TYPE OF CARBO:monosaccharide, disaccharide,

polysaccharide• Glucose C6H12O6

• Glycogen (lots of glucoses-animals)

• Sucrose C12H22O11

• Starch (lots of glucoses-plants)

• Monosaccharide

• Polysaccharide

• Disaccharide

• Polysaccharide

Match the pH

• pH 1

• pH 6

• pH 14

• pH 7

• pH 8

• Weak acid

• Neutral

• Weak base

• Strong base

• Strong acid

Match the pH

• pH 1

• pH 6

• pH 14

• pH 7

• pH 8

• Weak acid

• Neutral

• Weak base

• Strong base

• Strong acid

Which is correct?

• A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means is:A. molecule

• B. buffer• C. element• D. cell• E. compound• ANSWER: element

Which is an saturated, a monounsaturated, or a polyunsaturated fat?

• A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH

=CHOOH

• B. CH3CH2CH2COOH

• C.

• A. polyunsat

(more than 1 =)

• B. satur.

(no =)• C.

monounsat (one =)

What fat is this the structure for?

What fat is this the structure for?

• Steroid (4 fused rings)

Which is an element and which is a compound?

• C• CO• Cu

• CH4

• ANSWER: element C and Cu

• compound CO and CH4

Which is a symbol and which is a formula?

• C• CO• Cu• CH4

• ANSWER: symbol (abrev. for element) C and Cu

• formula (abrev. For compound) CO and CH4

Which should you not do to heated test tubes? (may be more than one)

• 1. Heat• 2. Heat with a cork• 3. Throw away if chipped• 4. Point toward you• 5. Hold with a test tube clamp if hot

• ANSWER: 2 and 4

Why do atoms join other atoms to form compounds?

• A. to make even number of electrons

• B. to fill their outer electron shells

• C. to become neutral

• ANSWER: B

• Fill 2,8,8

Which is NOT a lipid?

• A. wax

• B. phospholipid

• C. cholesterol

• D. RNA

• E. steroid

• ANSWER: D

Which are ions?

• Cl• Cl-

• H2

• OH-

• H+

• ANSWER: Ions are Cl- ,OH-, H+

• Lost or gained electrons

Identify the bond:

• A. -

• B. Ξ

• C. =

• A. single

• B. triple

• C. double

Which subatomic particle…

• Lacks a charge• Is in the nucleus?

• A. proton• B. electron• C. neutron

• ANSWER: neutron• Protons (+) Electrons (-)

Which water property is it?

• A. climb narrow tubes

• B. form a film on water surface

• C. slow to heat

• D. slow to freeze

• 1. heat of fusion

• 2. heat of vaporization

• 3. capillarity

• 4. surface tension

Which water property is it?

• A. climb narrow tubes

• B. form a film on water surface

• C. slow to heat

• D. slow to freeze

• 1. heat of fusion

• 2. heat of vaporization

• 3. capillarity

• 4. surface tension

What is the difference between stable and neutral for atoms?

• STABLE

• Outer electron shells are full

• NEUTRAL

• Number of protons equal the number of electrons

Which is cohesion and which is adhesion?

• A. sticking to like substances

• B. sticking to unlike substances

• ANSWER: “A” is cohesion

• “B” is adhesion

Which is a mixture and which is a compound?

• Salt water• Glucose• Water• Air• Blood

• Mixture

• Compound C6H12O6

• H2O compound

• Mixture• mixture

Identify the monomer:

• POLYMERS (macromolecules)

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

• MONOMERS

• Monosaccharide

• Amino Acid

• Fatty acid + glycerol

• nucleotide

What two ions does water dissociate (break) into?

• H- and O+

• H and OH

• H+ and OH-

• H2 and O2

• ANSWER: H+ and OH-

• (acids) (bases)

An atom is stable when:

• A. It’s protons equal its neutrons

• B. It’s electrons equal its protons

• C. It’s outer electron shell is filled.

• D. It’s outer electron shell is empty.

• ANSWER: C

• (e- fill 2,8,8)

Match the functional groups:

• - NH2

• -COOH

• -C=O

• -OH

• Carbonyl

• Carboxyl

• Amino

• hydroxyl

Match the functional groups:(now in correct order)

• - NH2

• -COOH

• -C=O

• -OH

• Amino

• Carboxyl

• Carbonyl

• hydroxyl

What part of atoms form bonds?

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons

• ANSWER: electrons

If you had an atomic number of…

• 12, how many electrons would be in the outer shell?

• 2• 8• 4• 6

ANSWER: 2 (fills 2, 8, 2)

Polar Covalent means:

• A. electrons are shared equally

• B. electrons are not shared equally

• ANSWER: electrons are not shared equally

• Like water (H+ end and O- end)

A carbon atom can form:

• A. Two covalent bonds

• B. Three covalent bonds

• C. Four covalent bonds

• D. Five covalent bonds

• ANSWER: C

What are other names for proteins?

• Polypeptide• Amino acid chain• Fatty acid• Polyunsaturate• Polysaccharide

• ANSWER: polypeptide, • amino acid chain

What are the four bases of nucleic acids?

• 1. A-C-O-T

• 2. A-T-C-G

• 3. C-G-O-H

• 4. T-O-G-C

• ANSWER: A-T-C-G

What are the reactants and what are the products?

What are the reactant and what are the products?

Identify the substrate, the active site, and the product.

AB

C

Identify the substrate, the active site, and the product.

Substrate = what the enzyme acts upon

(lactase)

Active site=where the enzyme + substrate (lactose) meet

Enzymes end in:

• A. -ase

• B. -ose

• C. -ise

• D. –ese

• ANSWER: -ase

All organic compounds contain:

• A. C and O and N

• B. C and Ca and S

• C. O and P

• D. C and H and O

• ANSWER: D

How strong are H-bonds?

• A. weak

• B. medium

• C. strong

• ANSWER: weak

Which are enzymes?

• A. proteins

• B. fats

• C. nucleic acids

• D. carbohydrates

• ANSWER: A. proteins

Which are enzymes? (pick 2)

• A. phospholipid membranes• B. Energy sources• C. biological catalysts (speed up reactions)• D. storage molecules• E. proteins

• ANSWER: biological catalysts• proteins

What would an enzyme lactase work on?

• LACTOSE

• GALACTOSE

• SUCROSE

• LIPOSE

• ANSWER: lactose

Which is a saturated fat?

• A.

• B.

• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH    

CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

Which is a saturated fat?

• A.

• B.

• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH    

CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

What’s it called?

• Removing water to link monomers for form a polymer:

• A. dehydration synthesis• B. hydrolysis• C. chemiosmosis

• ANSWER: A• Hydrolysis adds water to split polymers

Matching:

• 1. glycogen• 2. cellulose• 3. glucose• 4. starch

• A. a polysaccharide in plant cells cell walls

• B. The storage form of glucose in plants

• C. The storage form of glucose in animals

• D. simple sugar

Matching:

• 1. glycogen C• 2. cellulose A• 3. glucose D• 4. starch B

• A. a polysaccharide in plant cell walls

• B. The storage form of glucose in plants

• C. The storage form of glucose in animals

• D. simple sugar

Matching:

• Monomers• 1. fatty acids +

glycerol• 2. monosaccharide• 3. nucleotide• 4. amino acid

• Polymers• A. protein• B. lipids• C. nucleic acids• D. carbohydrates

Matching:

• Monomers• 1. fatty acids +

glycerol B• 2. monosaccharide

D• 3. nucleotide C• 4. amino acid A

• Polymers• A. protein• B. lipids• C. nucleic acids• D. carbohydrates

Which one does not belong with the other three terms?

• A. protein

• B. polypeptide

• C. lipid

• D. amino acid chain

• ANSWER: C

Which test is this?

• Food sample turned blue-black in the presence of iodine?A. for protein

• B. for starch

• C. for lipids

• D. for simple sugars

• ANSWER: B

MACROMOLECULE TESTS

• A. for protein (Biuret’s blue to purple)

• B. for starch (iodine turns blue-black)

• C. for lipids (paper translucent to light)

• D. for simple sugars (Benedict’s blue to orange)

What is the most abundant organic compound on earth?

• (It is also in cell walls of plants.)

• A. glucose• B. chitin• C. peptidoglycan• D. cellulose

• ANSWER: D (cellulose is in cell walls of plants)

What is another name for a “fat?”

• A. triglyceride

• B. protein

• C. nucleic acid

• D. polysaccharide

• ANSWER: A (3 fatty acids + glycerol)

Metric to Metric Conversion

• Km hm dkm m dm cm mm µm nm Å

3 3 1

So…looking on the microscope if your field of view was 4 mm, how many µm is that?

Metric to Metric Conversion

• Km hm dkm m dm cm mm µm nm Å 3 3 1

mm = ______µmSo…looking on the microscope if your field

of view was 4 mm, how many µm is that?

ANSWER: 4000 µm (micrometers)Multiply by 1000 (decimal 3 to right)

What is the ability to tell two objects apart in a microscope?

• A. resolving power

• B. magnification

• C.parfocal

• D. scanning

• ANSWER: A

Which microscope(s) can view organisms up to 1,000,000 times?

• A. CLM

• B. SEM

• C. TEM

• ANSWER: both SEM and TEM

What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?

• A. plasma membrane

• B. nucleus

• C. cell wall

• D. flagellum

• ANSWER: B

NOTE!

• Mrs. Sheldon’s Students do not need to go farther than this power point for Semester I Exam 2011. You do need to go to the second power point.

What structures can be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

• A. centrioles and cilia

• B. chloroplasts and flagella

• C. capsule and cell wall

• D. cell wall and chloroplasts

• ANSWER: D

What structures can be found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

• A. centrioles and cilia

• B. chloroplasts and flagella

• C. capsule and cell wall

• D. cell wall and chloroplasts

• ANSWER: A

Put in order from smallest to largest:

• Mitochondrion ribosome nucleus vesicle

• ANSWER: (smallest) ribosomeVesicleMitochondrionNucleus (largest)

Microtubules and microfilaments are both part of a cell’s…

• A. nucleus

• B. cytoskeleton

• C. endomembrane

• D. endoplasmic reticulum

• ANSWER: B

What is the job of centrioles?

• A. protect the cell

• B. cell movement

• C. cell division

• D. DNA

• C. cell division

Which organelle repackages proteins?

• A. mitochondrion

• B. chloroplast

• C. Golgi apparatus

• D. lysosome

• ANSWER: C

Where are ribosomes assembled?

• A. nucleolus

• B. Golgi apparatus

• C. mitochondrion

• D. lysosomes

• ANSWER: A

What are loose, long fibers of DNA?

• A. ER

• B. chromosomes

• C. nucleolus

• D. chromatin

• ANSWER: D

Rough and Smooth ER

• What’s the difference? (structure and function)

• ANSWER: Rough (has ribosomes, assembles proteins) and Smooth (has no ribosomes and assembles lipids)

What is the general term for…

• Microtubules and microfilaments?

• A. cytoskeleton• B. plasma membrane• C. flagella and cilia• D. lysosomes

• ANSWER: A

Name the Organelles

Name the Organelles

Which is the plant cell?

Which is the plant cell?

Which organelle?

• 1. Stores food or water

• 2. Modifies proteins• 3. Called the “clean-

up” crew• 4. Is the site of the

genetic material• 5. Is the

“powerhouse”

• 1. VACUOLE

• 2. GOLGI APPARATUS

• 3. LYSOSOME• 4. NUCLEUS

• 5. MITOCHONDRION

Which organelle?

• 1. Is the site of photosynthesis?

• 2. Is the support framework?

• 3. Controls what goes in and out of the cell?

• 4. Carries materials from the ER to the Golgi.

• 1. chloroplast

• 2. cytoskeleton

• 3. plasma membrane

• 4. Vesicle

How big is one cell’s length?

• A. 1 mm

• B. 0.5 mm

• C. 2 mm

• D. 0.05 mm

• ANSWER: 0.5 mm

In which cells would you find these organelles?

• A. mitochondrion

• B. ribosomes

• Plant and animal

• All cells (plant, animal and prokaryote)

In what type of cells would you find cell walls?

• A. plant

• B. animal

• C. bacteria

• ANSWER: A and C

Which organelle is the chloroplast and which is the mitochondrion?

• (answer next slide)

Which organelle is the chloroplast and which is the mitochondrion?

Who first coined the word “cells?”

• Pasteur

• Leeuwenhoek

• Hooke

• Virchow

• ANSWER: Hooke

Who is given credit for the first microscope?

• Pasteur

• Leeuwenhoek

• Hooke

• Virchow

• ANSWER: Leeuwenhoek

Why would the cell membrane also be called the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Fluid Mosaic Model

• Parts of the membrane shift back and forth

• There are parts (protein channels and carbohydrate chains) embedded in it.

Locate: hydrophobic layerhydrophilic layer carbohydrate chain

protein channel

ANSWERS:

Hydrophilic

hydrophobic

Carbohydrate chain

Protein channel

In which direction will the water flow?

In which direction will the water flow?

From hypotonic to hypertonic solution

In equilibrium it means there is…

• A. No net movement of molecules across a membrane.

• B. No movement of molecules across a membrane.

• C. more movement of molecules across a membrane.

• ANSWER: A

O=osmosis D=diffusion N=neither B=both

• Hi to lo concentration• Through a selectively

permeable membrane• Flow of water• Flow of gases• Down the gradient• Against the gradient

• Both• O

• O• D• B• N

Identify Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

Identify Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic solutions outside the cell.

HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC

What type of passive transport through a cell is using a protein?

• A. active

• B. phagocytosis

• C. diffusion

• D. facilitated diffusion

• ANSWER: D

Matching: CHOICES

• 1. engulfing small pockets of liquid

• 2. material leaving the cell

• 3. engulfing large particles

• 4. general term form engulfing particles into the cell

• Endocytosis

• Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Phagocytosis

Matching:

• 1. engulfing small pockets of liquid

• 2. material leaving the cell

• 3. engulfing large particles

• 4. general term form engulfing particles into the cell

• Pinocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Phagocytosis

• Endocytosis

How is active transport different from passive transport?

• A. uses a protein

• B. uses energy

• C. uses a membrane

• D. is down the gradient

• E. Moves against the gradient

• ANSWER: B and E

Identify as U=unicellular or M=multicellular

• Amoeba• Human• Bacteria• Paramecium• Worm• tree

• U• M• U• U• M• M

What do bacteria have that protists do not?

• A. cell wall

• B. nucleus

• C. capsule

• D. chloroplasts

• ANSWER: C