Upload
william-mclaughlin
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Semester 1, Day 10
Body Systems
Agenda Complete Homework Review for Quiz Turn in Homework Take Quiz Lecture on Body Systems Work/Reading Time
Complete Homework
12.1 #1-5
12.2 #1-5
12.3 #1-5
Chapter 12 Assessment # 1-18, 20-25
Review for Quiz
Homozygous Dominant, Heterozygous, Homozygous Recessive
What is a carrier? (Related to recessive genetic disorders and to
X-linked disorders)
Recessive Genetic Disorders
Dominant Genetic Disorders
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple Alleles
X-Linked Traits
Why can a male NOT be a carrier for an X-linked trait?
Turn in Homework
Questions:
12.1 #1-5
12.2 #1-5
12.3 #1-5
Chapter 12 Assessment # 1-18, 20-25
Take Quiz
Silent while taking quiz
Eyes on your own paper
Flip over when you are finished
Talk to a Neighbor If you had to live without one of the following
body systems, which would it be? Circulatory (heart and blood) Respiratory (lungs, breathing, talking) Digestive (eating) Urinary (urinating) Reproductive (reproducing) Skeletal (structure of your body) Nervous (the five senses) Muscular (movement)
Physiology
• Group of similar cellsTissue
• Group of tissues acting as a unitOrgan
• Group of organs that perform a specific taskOrgan System
• Living individualOrganism
• Basic unit of lifeCell Physiology: The
biological study
of the functions
of living
organisms and
their parts.
Today’s Body Systems
Circulatory System:
circulates blood throughout
the body, which delivers
nutrients to cells and
removes waste from cells.
Respiratory System: takes
in oxygen and gives off
carbon dioxide
Circulatory System Blood: The red liquid that
moves through the body,
carrying oxygen to and carbon
dioxide from cells
Blood Vessels: tube-like
structures that carry blood to
and from cells
Heart: pumps blood throughout
the entire body
Circulatory System Blood
Transport oxygen to cells, take carbon dioxide away from cells
Create blood clots to prevent bleedingYellowish fluid that
contains blood cells
Fight infections (immune system)
Circulatory System Blood Vessels Small, thin blood vessels in
tissue that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move to and from cells
Heart
LUNGS
BODY
Left Ventricle
Aorta Body
Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary ArteryLungs
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Respiratory System IMPORTANT CONNECTION: The blood in the
circulatory system gets oxygen from and releases carbon dioxides using the respiratory system
LUNGS
BODY
Respiratory System
• Respiratory System: System responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Respiratory System: System responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Dust
Pollen
Particulates
Bacteria
Viruses
Spores
Dust
Pollen
Particulates
Bacteria
Viruses
Spores
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Dust
Pollen
Particulates
Bacteria
Viruses
Spores
Dust
Pollen
Particulates
Bacteria
Viruses
Spores
Mucous
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Your nose produces close to a liter of mucous a day.– Most gets swept into the esophagus by tiny
hairs called cilia in your nasal cavity.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Your nose produces close to a liter of mucous a day.– Most gets swept into the esophagus by tiny
hairs called cilia in your nasal cavity.
Esophagus
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Your nose produces close to a liter of mucous a day.– Most gets swept into the esophagus by tiny
hairs called cilia in your nasal cavity.
Esophagus Nose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Trapped in the Mucous
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Particles trapped in mucous
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Cool Dry Air
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Cool Dry Air
Warm Moist Mucous
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Cool Dry Air
Warm Moist Mucous
Warmer Moist Air
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Cool Dry Air
Warm Moist Mucous
Warmer Moist Air
To Nasal Cavity
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Blood Vessels
in Nasal Cavity
Blood Vessels
in Nasal Cavity
Cooler Dry Air
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Blood Vessels
in Nasal Cavity
Cooler Dry Air Warmer Moist Air
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.– Warms the Air.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.– Warms the Air.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Try and swallow and breath at the same time? – Could you do it?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Try and swallow and breath at the same time? – Could you do it? No, because your epiglottis
closed during the swallowing reflex.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity!– Open your mouth and breath through your
nose.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity!– Open your mouth and breath through your
nose.– Pinch your nose shut while you are breathing.– What happened?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity!– Open your mouth and breath through your
nose.– Pinch your nose shut while you are breathing.– What happened? Your air is quickly shut off.
Your epiglottis closed ensuring that only air is going to your lungs (Protection).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Drowning is death from asphyxia due to suffocation caused by a liquid entering the lungs and preventing the absorption of oxygen.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Drowning is death from asphyxia due to suffocation caused by a liquid entering the lungs and preventing the absorption of oxygen. – Leads to a lack of oxygen to the brain.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Epiglottis: A flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Epiglottis
Epiglottis
Trachea to Lungs
Epiglottis
Trachea to Lungs
Esophagus to stomach
Epiglottis
Trachea to Lungs
Esophagus to stomach
Epiglottis
Trachea to Lungs
Esophagus to stomach
Larynx and vocal cords.
Males have a larger Larynx than females.
Larynx: Opening to the lungs; holds the vocal cords.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Larynx: Opening to the lungs; holds the vocal cords.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.
Females have a higher pitch because they have shorter vocal cords.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.
Females have a higher pitch because they have shorter vocal cords.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.
Females have a higher pitch because they have shorter vocal cords.
Males have a deeper voice because they have larger vocal cords.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Boys and girls vocal cords are the same size until a boys teenage years where the cords grow and his voice changes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Boys and girls vocal cords are the same size until a boys teenage years where the cords grow and his voice changes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Trachea
• Activity! Run your fingers up and down along the front of your neck to feel for the trachea.– It would feel like a vacuum cleaner hose.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Trachea: Tube that carries air to your lungs (windpipe)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Trachea: Tube that carries air to your lungs (windpipe)Cartilage rings
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?– Answer: The cartilage rings are flexible
enough so you can bend your neck,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?– Answer: The cartilage rings are flexible
enough so you can bend your neck, but at the same time they keep the air passage open.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?– Answer: The cartilage rings are flexible
enough so you can bend your neck, but at the same time they keep the air passage open.
Flexible and stays open, much like trachea
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?– Answer: The cartilage rings are flexible
enough so you can bend your neck, but at the same time they keep the air passage open.
Flexible and stays open, much like trachea
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?– Answer: The cartilage rings are flexible
enough so you can bend your neck, but at the same time they keep the air passage open.
Flexible and stays open, much like trachea
Not flexible
The Bronchus
Bronchus: Airway that conducts air into the lungs.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Bronchus: Airway that conducts air into the lungs.
Right Bronchi
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Bronchus: Airway that conducts air into the lungs.
Right Bronchi Left Bronchi
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Lungs: Balloon-like organs that remove carbon dioxide and give oxygen to the blood.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Lungs: Balloon-like organs that remove carbon dioxide and give oxygen to the blood.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Carbon Dioxide Out
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Carbon Dioxide Out Oxygen In
Diaphragm: Muscle that contracts and relaxes during inhalation and exhalation.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Diaphragm: Muscle that contracts and relaxes during inhalation and exhalation.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• As you inhale, your diaphragm flattens out allowing your chest to expand and allows more air to flow into your lungs.– Air pressure decrease, air then rushes into
your lungs.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to a normal state. Space in chest decreases.– Air pressure increases, air then rushes out of
your lungs.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to a normal state. Space in chest decreases.– Air pressure increases, air then rushes out of
your lungs.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Reading/Work Time Read 37.1 and 37.2 Questions:
37.1 #1, 2, 4, 5 37.2 #1-5