Self Defense: Athkaar from the Sunnah - Prepared by Aboo Shaybah

8/3/2019 Self Defense: Athkaar from the Sunnah - Prepared by Aboo Shaybah

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Self Defense:Athkaar from the Sunnah

Prepared by Aboo Shaybah

This material was prepared for a series of classes delivered during summer 2008 dealing withvarious supplications the Prophet Muhammad ( ) used to make at certain times. A number of hadeethwere studied along with a brief biography of the narrator for each hadeeth. The idea behind the materialwas to convey the idea that the various supplications and words of mentioning and remembering Allaahfound in the authentic hadeeth literature are ways by which the Muslim maintains his connection withAllaah and, thus, defends himself from harm. References were given according to the bookHisnul-Muslimas it is in wide circulation, and any observations, corrections, and additions were pointed out during theclasses as necessary.


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Table of Contents

Unit 1: Spreading the Salaam 2

Unit 2: Waking and Sleeping 7

Unit 3: Entering and Leaving al-Khalaa 13

Unit 4: Related to Wudoo 16

Unit 5: Sneezing 20

Unit 6: Food and Eating 23

Unit 7: Clothing and Dressing 28

Unit 8: Travel and Transport 33


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Unit 1: Spreading the Salaam

Unit Intro

The greeting of salaam is a component of the manners of a Muslim. Islaam has institutedthis greeting to strengthen the ties of love and brotherhood between the Muslims. Thegreeting itself comprises a supplication (du'aa), reward, and mercy.

Topics in this Unit

1) How to Give the Salaam2) How to Respond to the Salaam3) Among the Best Qualities of a Muslim4) Spreading the Greeting of Salaam


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1) How to Give the Salaam [Sunan Abee Daawood #5195 - Saheeh]

:

Imraan ibn al-Husayn (C) narrated that a man came to the Prophet () and said, Peace beupon you!. The Prophet () returned the salaam, the man sat down and the Prophet said,Ten. Another man came and said, Peace and Allaahs mercy be upon you! He respondedto him, the man sat down and the Prophet said, Twenty. Another man came and said,

Peace and Allaahs mercy and blessings be upon you! He responded to him, the man satdown and the Prophet said, Thirty.

Phrases of Interest:

: ten : twenty : thirtyThe numbers refer to the reward of the greeting.

: Peace and Allaahs mercy and blessings be upon you!This is the most complete form of the salaam. First is the greeting itself, and then invokingAllaah to have mercy upon the other person and to bless them as well.

Narrator: Imraan ibn al-Husayn (C)


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2) How to Respond to the Salaam [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree #3217]

:

: Aaishah (z) narrated that the Prophet () said to her, Jibreel greets you with the Salaam.She replied, And upon him be peace and Allaah's mercy and blessings.


: And upon him be peace and Allaahs mercy and blessingsThis is the most complete response. The letter waawis added at the beginning and thegreeting is reciprocated.

Narrator: Aaishah (z)


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3) Among the Best Qualities of a Muslim [Hisnul-Muslim #226]

: ? :

,

Abdullaah Ibn Amr (C) reported that a man asked the Prophet (), Which Islaam is thebest?. He replied, Feed [the poor], and greet those whom you know as well as those whomyou do not.


: Which Islaam is the best?

What manners of Islaam are best and what qualities of the Muslim are among the best?

: feed [the poor]Although the imperative form of the verb is not used here, it can be understood that way.In addition, the wording here is general. Hence, it includes feeding people for the sake ofAllaah, whether they are family, guests, travelers, etc.

: greetGive the salaam to all those whom you meet, regardless of whether or not you know them.

Narrator: Abdullaah ibn Amr (C)


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4) Spreading the Greeting of Salaam [Hisnul-Muslim #224]

: , ,

,

The Messenger of Allaah () said: You shall not enter paradise until you believe, and youshall not believe until you love one another. Shall I not inform you of something, if you wereto act upon it, you will indeed achieve mutual love for one another? Spread salaam amongstyourselves.


: and you shall not believeThis refers to the completeness of ones Eemaan, and it does not negate Eemaanfromsomeone who doesnt give the salaam. Thus, spreading and offering the greeting of salaamis one of the things which completes a persons Eemaan.

: Spread salaam amongst yourselvesThe first word here (afshoo) comes from the word ifshaa which means to propagate andmultiply. It serves as encouragement to spread the salaam among all of the Muslims,whether you know the person or not.

Narrator: Aboo Hurayrah (t)


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Unit 2: Waking and Sleeping

Unit Intro

The Muslim remembers Allaah when he sleeps and also upon rising from sleep, as it isAllaah who allows him to take his rest and also causes him to rise once again. There aretimes when a person cannot sleep easily, and there is no guarantee that when you sleepthat you will wake. So, the Muslim continuously remembers that Allaah is the one whocontrols this affair of his life, among all others, and remembers him at both of these times.

Topics in this Unit

1) Upon Waking2) Upon Waking (contd)3) Before Sleeping4) Before Sleeping (contd)


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1) Upon Waking [Hisnul-Muslim #2]

, , , ,

, , , ,

None has the right to be worshipped except Allaah, alone, without any partner, to Himbelong sovereignty and praise and He is over all things wholly capable. How perfect Allaahis, and all praise is for Allaah, and none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah,Allaah is the greatest and there is no power nor might except with Allaah, The Most High,The Supreme, O my Lord forgive me.

[Footnote: Whoever says this will be forgiven. If he then supplicates he will be answered. Ifhe rises, performs ablution and prays, his prayer will be accepted.]


: None has the right to be worshipped except AllaahThis phrase is the statement of Tawheed. It contains negation (nafy) and affirmation(ithbaat). The first two words negate the right of worship from everything other than Allaah.While the last two words affirm that only Allaah deserves all forms of worship.

: aloneThis emphasizes the affirmation (ithbaat).

: without any partnerThis emphasizes the negation (nafy).

: to him belongs sovereigntyThe word al-Mulkis comprehensive and encompassing, while the word al-Milkis limited andspecific.

: and to Him belongs praiseThis includes all the praise and extolment of the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth,in all of its forms.


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: How perfect Allaah is

Subhaanahere carries the meaning oftasbeehwhich means exalting Allaah from anythingwhich does not befit Him, such as having a partner or offspring, as well as any imperfectionwhatsoever.

@ : Allaah is the greatestHe is greater and more majestic than everything.

: and there is no power nor might except with AllaahNo one can actually plan or organize any affair, nor change any condition except by His willand assistance.

: O my Lord forgive me

Forgiveness implies both the covering of sins as well as being pardoned for them.

Narrator: Ubaadah ibn as-Saamit (t)


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2) Upon Waking (contd) [Hisnul-Muslim #1]

All praise is for Allaah who gave us life after having taken it from us and unto Him is the

resurrection.


: Gave us life after having taken it from usRestored us to life after having caused us to sleep.

: and unto Him is the resurrection

This refers to being brought back to life when one is resurrected on the Day of Judgment.By this, the Prophet () pointed out that awakening after sleep is a reminder andaffirmation of the resurrection after death.

Narrators: Huthayfah ibn al-Yamaan and Al-Baraa ibn Aazib (C)


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3) Before Sleeping[Hisnul-Muslim #105]

In Your name O Allaah, I live and die.


: In Your name O AllaahO Allaah, I remember You and mention Your name.

: I live and dieAs if one is saying, In your name O Allaah and whilst remembering You, I live and die. Itcould also be understood to mean, It is You who takes away my life, and it is You whogives me life.

Narrator: same as previous.


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4) Before Sleeping [Hisnul-Muslim #99]

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;

When retiring to his bed every night, The Prophet () would hold his palms together, and(whilst blowing - would) lightly spit in them, recite the last three chapters of the Quraanand then wipe over his entire body as much as possible with his hands, beginning with hishead and face and then all parts of the body, he would do this three times.


: his palmsAl-Kaffis the palm of the hand including the fingers. The form of the word used here is thedual, meaning his two hands.

: and (whilst blowing - would) lightly spitAn-Nafthwith the mouth is similar to blowing, and is less than spitting. An-Nafthmay ormay not include some amount of spittle with the blowing.



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Unit 3: Entering and Leaving al-Khalaa

Unit Intro

The Arabic word al-Khalaa() means an empty place or space. However it has adoptedthe meaning of a place which is used for answering the call of nature.

Topics in this Unit

1) Entering al-Khalaa2) Leaving al-Khalaa


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1) Entering al-Khalaa[Hisnul-Muslim #10]

[In the name of Allaah]. O Allaah, I take refuge with you from all evil and evil-doers.


: I take refuge with youTurning to Allaah, seeking His safety and protection.

: from all evil and evil-doersThe word khubth(or also khubuth) is the plural ofkhabeeth(), and this refers to themales among the shayaateen. The word khabaaithis the plural ofkhabeethah(), andthis refers to the females among the shayaateen. It has also been explained that thisportion of the duaarefers to any evil.

Narrator: Anas ibn Maalik (t)


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2) Leaving al-Khalaa[Hisnul Muslim #11]

I ask You [Allaah] for forgiveness.


: I ask You [Allaah] for forgivenessSome explain that the Prophet saying this upon his exit from al-Khalaaexpresses the fact

that a human is incapable of adequately thanking Allaah for His blessings. Morespecifically, in this context, the blessing of ease in swallowing food and drink, which arethen further broken down, allowing nutrients to nourish the body. Additionally, the unusedsubstances leave the body as waste. Therefore, he () resorted to seeking Allaah's pardon,admitting his incapacity to fully thank Allaah for such an incredible blessing. And Allaahknows best.

Narrator: Aaishah bint Abee Bakr as-Siddeeq (C)


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Unit 4: Related to Wudoo

Unit Intro

In Soorah al-Maaidah (5:6), Allaah has ordered his believing servants to perform Wudoobefore prayer. He has also stated in Soorah al-Baqarah (2:222)that He loves those whokeep themselves clean and pure.

Topics in this Unit

1) Before Wudoo2) After Wudoo3) After Wudoo(contd)


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1) Before Wudoo[Hisnul-Muslim #12]

In the name of Allaah.


: In the name of Allaah.

Some of the scholars mention that wudooremains incomplete without saying bismillaah.This is based on the authentic hadeeth where the Prophet () stated:

,

Which means, There is no salaahfor someone who has not performed wudoo; and there is

no wudoo for someone who has not mentioned the name of Allaah.

Narrator: Aboo Hurayrah and others (y)


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2) After Wudoo[Hisnul Muslim #13]

,

I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah, alone, without anypartner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.


: I bear witness

As if to say, I affirm in my heart and state with my tongue, because shahaadahis statingand verbalizing what is within the heart.

:

: His slaveDescribing the Prophet () as abdcontains the meaning of worship (ibaadah), since he was

the one who worshipped Allaah the most among mankind. This is also a refutation of thosewho place the Prophet () above the level of being a worshipping servant of Allaah, and theydirect acts of worship to him instead of to Allaah.

: (His) MessengerDescribing the Prophet () as rasoolcontains the meaning of a message (risaalah), since hecarried the message of Islaam, which has been sent to all mankind. This is also arefutation of those who detract from his status as a Messenger of Allaah to all humanity,whether by way of denying his message, or claiming that he is a human being similar to allothers in standing with Allaah.

Narrator: Uqbah ibn Aamir al-Juhanee (t)


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3) After Wudoo (contd) [Hisnul Muslim #14]

O Allaah, make me of those who return to You often in repentance and make me of thosewho remain clean and pure.


: those who return to You often in repentanceThis is the plural of the word tawwaab which means someone who makes tawbahoften.Tawbahmeans returning to Allaahs obedience after having disobeyed Him.

: those who remain clean and pureThis is the plural of the word mutatahhir which means someone who is keen to remain ina state oftahaarah. The word tahaarahmeans cleanliness and the removal of impurities.

Narrator: Umar ibn al-Khattaab (t)


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Unit 5: Sneezing

Unit Intro

It is part of the Prophetic guidance that a person praise Allaah upon sneezing. There areauthentic narrations that mention what is to be said upon sneezing, how to reply tosomeone who praises Allaah after sneezing, as well as the fact that replying is one of therights a Muslim has on his brother.

Topics in this Unit

1) What to Say Upon Sneezing

2) What to Do When Sneezing


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1) What to Say Upon Sneezing [Hisnul-Muslim #188]

: , : , :

, : ,

When one of you sneezes he should say: All praise is for Allaah, and his brother orcompanion should say to him: May Allaah have mercy upon you., and he [i.e. the one whosneezed] replies back to him: May Allaah guide you and rectify your condition.


: May Allaah have mercy upon youIt is possible that this is a supplication for mercy, or a glad tiding that the sneeze is a mercyfor the person.

: May Allaah guide youA supplication that Allaah lead you to all that which pleases Him.

: and rectify your condition

May your heart and overall condition be rectified, in terms of both deenand dunyaa, bybeing guided to doing the right things, and being aided in carrying them out successfully.



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2) What to Do When Sneezing [Sunan Abee Daawood #5029 - Saheeh]

, , ,

Whenever the Messenger of Allaah () sneezed, he would cover his mouth with his hand ora piece of cloth, suppressing the sound this way.


: his mouth

: lowered, suppressed

: suppressing the sound this wayUsing his garment or hand to contain the sound.



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Unit 6: Food and Eating

Unit Intro

Food and nourishment are among the greatest and most vital of Allaahs blessings upon allliving creatures. It befits the sincere, conscious Muslim to acknowledge and expressgratitude to Allaah for such a tremendous blessing.

Topics in this Unit

1) Supplication Before Eating (1)2) Whomever Allaah Feeds3) Upon Completing the Meal (1)4) Upon Completing the Meal (2)


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1) Supplication Before Eating (1) [Hisnul-Muslim #178]

; : , , :

When you are about to eat, you should say: In the name of Allaah, and if you forget to sayit before starting, then you should say [when you remember]: In the name of Allaah in itsbeginning and end.


: In the name of Allaah in its beginning and endIf a person forgets to mention the name of Allaah before he begins to eat, and he rememberswhile eating, he should say this instead of just bismillaah.



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2) Whomever Allaah Feeds [Hisnul-Muslim #179]

; : ,; :

,

Whomever Allaah feeds, should say: O Allaah, bless it for us and feed us better than it.and whomever Allaah gives milk to drink, should say: O Allaah, bless it for us and give usmore of it.


: whomever Allaah feeds

This applies to any food.

: bless it for us

Asking for increase, growth, and longevity of that blessing.

: and feed us better than itThis is in reference to the food of Jannah.

Narrator: Abdullaah ibn Abbaas (C)


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3) Upon Completing the Meal (1) [Hisnul-Muslim #180]

, , All praise is for Allaah who fed me this and provided it for me without any might nor powerfrom myself.


: without any might nor power from myself

In this supplication, a person admits his weakness, shortcoming, and inability to acquirethe food from which he gains nourishment. He further acknowledges that his food is indeed

a bounty and provision from Allaah.

Narrator: Muaath ibn Anas (t)


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4) Upon Completing the Meal (2) [Hisnul-Muslim #181]

, , Allaah be praised with an abundant beautiful blessed praise, a never-ending praise, apraise which we will never bid farewell to and an indispensable praise, He is our Lord.

Something Extra:

Another translation of this duaa:

All praise is due to Allaah; praise which is plentiful and pure, and full of blessing which isindispensable and to which one cannot be indifferent, O Sustainer.


: beautifulPraise that is sincerely for Allaah.

: never-ending

: which we will never bid farewell to

Praise that remains and is not neglected nor abandoned.

: He is our LordThis is actually more of an address to Allaah, like saying O our Lord.

Narrator: Aboo Umaamah (t)


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Unit 7: Clothing and Dressing

Unit Intro

Clothing is one of life's necessities, and having clothing to cover oneself is indeed atremendous blessing from Allaah upon humans. We use them to protect ourselves fromcold, heat, and the elements. That being the case, the Muslim praises Allaah when headorns himself with those garments.

Topics in this Unit

1) When Wearing a Garment

2) When Wearing a New Garment3) Supplication Said to Someone Wearing a New Garment4) Before Undressing


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1) When Wearing a Garment [Hisnul-Muslim #5]

,

All Praise is for Allaah who has clothed me with this (garment) and provided it for me, withno power nor might from myself.


: provided it for me, with no power nor might from myselfAcknowledging that it is a blessing from Allaah which He has bestowed upon me, and alsobeing humble when reflecting on all that went into it prior to reaching me.

Narrator: Muaath ibn Jabal al-Ansaaree (t)


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2) When Wearing a New Garment [Hisnul-Muslim #6]

, ,

O Allaah, for You is all praise, You have clothed me with it, I ask You for the good of it andthe good for which it was made, and I seek refuge with You from the evil of it and the evil forwhich it was made.


: for the good of it and the good for which it was made

This includes any good, honourable usage for the item of clothing, and that it be used inobedience to Allaah. The good of clothing means that it lasts and remains clean. The goodfor which it was made refers to the essential functions of clothing such as protection fromheat and cold, and covering the awrah.

: from the evil of it and the evil for which it was made

The evil of the garment is the opposite of the aforementioned qualities, such as the garmentbeing haraam(unlawful), unclean, quickly worn out, or the garment even leading a personto sins and evil including pride, arrogance, and lack of contentment.

Narrator: Aboo Saeed al-Khudree (t)


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3) Supplication Said to Someone Wearing a New Garment [Hisnul-Muslim #8]

, ,

Wear anew, live commendably and die a shaheed.

Something Extra: :

:, : The Messenger of Allaah () saw Umar wearing a white shirt and asked him, This garmentof yours, is it old or new? Umar replied, It is old. The Prophet () said, Wear anew, live

commendably and die a shaheed.


: shirt; garment worn on the arms and upper body : old; literally, this means that the garment has been washed

Umars response implies that his shirt was not new. However, the Prophet () supplicated

for him due to the clean and new appearance of the garment. And Allaah knows best.

: wear anewThe command here carries the meaning of a supplication. The Prophet () is asking Allaahto grant Umar a new garment.

: live commendablyThis is a supplication that he live a long life of obedience to Allaah, such that his deeds andcharacter would be commendable with Allaah and in the estimation of others as well.

: die a shaheedThis is a supplication that he be one of those who are martyred in the path of Allaah.

Narrator: Abdullaah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattaab (C)


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4) Before Undressing [Hisnul-Muslim #9]

In the name of Allaah.

Something Extra:

; : The covering between the eyes of the jinn and the awrahof a person when he removes hisclothing is for him to say In the name of Allaah.


: covering or barrier : in the name of Allaah

The name of Allaah is like a seal around a person which the jinn would be unable tounfasten.

Narrator: Alee ibn Abee Taalib, and Anas ibn Maalik (C)


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Unit 8: Travel and Transport

Unit Intro

In Soorah az-Zukhruf (43:12-14), Allaah says

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t7=s)s9 $un/ u 4n


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1) Mounting Means of Transport [Hisnul-Muslim #206]

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2) Supplication for Travel [Hisnul-Muslim #207]

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: The Successor over the familyWe rely upon Allaah in our absence, and He is the one who takes care of our families duringthat time, protecting them in their deenand keeping them safe.

: the difficulties of travel

: having a change of hearts and being in a bad predicamentReferring to distress and worry, whether from internal or external causes.

: an ill fated outcome : we return : repent

Turning to Allaah in repentance for our sins.

: worshipMaking our worship of Allaah sincerely for Him alone.

: praisePraising Allaah for the blessings He has bestowed upon us.

Narrator: Abdullaah ibn Umar (C)


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3) Stopping or Lodging Somewhere [Hisnul-Muslim #216]

I take refuge in Allaahs perfect words from the evil that He has created.

Something Extra:

,: , ,

Whoever stops or lodges somewhere then says, I take refuge in Allaahs perfect words fromthe evil of that which He has created, nothing will harm him till he departs from that

stopping place.


: Allaahs perfect wordsThis is a reference to the Quraan, which is the perfect, uncreated speech of Allaah.

: till he departs from that stopping placeWhen a person remembers Allaah by the above mentioned supplication, he remains underAllaahs protection for the duration of his stay at that place.

Narrator: Khawlah bint Hakeem (z)

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Self Defense: Athkaar from the Sunnah - Prepared by Aboo Shaybah