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Selected Topics in Biophotonics: Photodynamic Therapy and OpticalMicromanipulation for Biophotonics

Andersson-Engels, Stefan; Andersen, Peter

Published in:Journal of Biomedical Optics

DOI:10.1117/1.3479978

Published: 2010-01-01

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):Andersson-Engels, S., & Andersen, P. (2010). Selected Topics in Biophotonics: Photodynamic Therapy andOptical Micromanipulation for Biophotonics. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 15(4), [041501]. DOI:10.1117/1.3479978

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Guest Editorial

elected Topics in Biophotonics: Photodynamic Therapy andptical Micromanipulation for Biophotonics

he present special section entitled “Selected Topics in Bio-hotonics: Photodynamic Therapy and Optical Micromanipu-

ation for Biophotonics” comprises invited review papers andontributed papers from the summer school Biophotonics’09s well as contributed papers within this general scope.

otivation and Purpose of Biophotonics Graduatechoolsver the past decade, lasers, optical methods, and instru-ents based on light interaction with tissues have emergeds powerful techniques for medical diagnostics, monitoringide spectra of tissue function, and pathology. In biophysicsnd biology, optical sensing and manipulation of cells havetrengthened understanding of basic cell function. Togetherith improved laser therapeutic techniques, optical sensingnd cell manipulation form the basis for the increased inter-st in biophotonics. Throughout Europe, the U.S., and theest of the world, major research centers are highly active inhis field that in a broad sense may be labelled biophotonics.herefore, education within this area is becoming increas-

ngly important.The main purpose with the biennial graduate summer

chool is to provide education within biophotonics for stu-ents and young scientists at the highest international level.ur aim is to attract internationally renowned researchers as

ecturers who would attract the most talented young re-earchers worldwide in the field of biophotonics.

ormat of the Biophotonics Graduate Summer Schoolhe school mainly targets graduate students and postdoc-

oral fellows. The format of the school is a combination ofectures and student poster presentations, with time be-ween lectures for discussions and exchange of scientificdeas. The lecturers cover one topic in a full session com-rised of four lectures, which thoroughly covers the basicsnd state of the art of each topic. On one hand, this choice

imits the number of topics taught at each school. On thether hand, the topics selected for the schools are covered

n detail. Therefore, the range of topics taught will changerom school to school.

An important feature of the school format is that studentsnd lecturers spend the entire week together, which providesxcellent opportunities for the exchange of scientific ideas,etworking, and socializing.

The 4th International Graduate Summer School Biopho-onics‘09 covered the basics of lasers as well as supercon-inuum sources and their application in medicine, tissue op-ics, photodynamic therapy, optical tweezers and theirpplications in biophotonics, optical biosensors, diffuse opti-al and molecular imaging, fluorescence nanoscopy, and op-ical coherence tomography.1

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Special Section in the Journal of BiomedicalOptics

We are pleased to introduce the contributions to this specialsection on �Selected Topics in Biophotonics: PhotodynamicTherapy and Optical Micromanipulation for Biophotonics�comprised of two invited tutorial papers and 14 contributedpapers, mainly from the participants of the school but alsofrom other researchers in the field. Not all the contributionsare strictly covered by the title of the special section, but allof the contributions reflect the core topics of the school andspan the fields of biomedical optics and biophotonics. Thetwo invited review papers are:

• Katarina Svanberg, Niels Bendsoe, Johan Axelsson,Stefan Andersson-Engels, and Sune Svanberg, “Photo-dynamic therapy: superficial and interstitial illumina-tion.”

• David J. Stevenson, Frank Gunn-Moore, and KishanDholakia, “Light forces the pace: optical manipulationfor biophotonics.”

These papers from lecturers at the school are tutorial incharacter and provide an excellent background to the fieldsof photodynamic therapy and light forces in biophotonics,respectively. The two invited review papers complement twoprevious tutorial papers on diffuse optics2 and molecularimaging3 published in the special section from the previousschool. These papers all belong to a planned series of tuto-rial review papers from each biennial school that providehigh-level educational material for the benefit of the scientificcommunity and, in addition, fulfill our own motivation for cre-ating the school in the first place.

Following the two invited review papers, we have orga-nized the contributed papers according to their main topic,starting with papers categorized as contributions within mi-cromanipulation in biophotonics using light forces. The firstof these concerns how red blood cells rotate when opticallytrapped. This is explained by the shape anisotropy of thecells. Next, Aabo et al. investigate the short- and long-termeffects of optical trapping at a wavelength of 1070 nm. Theirresults indicate that there is no threshold for photodamage,but that cell growth was increasingly inhibited with powerand accumulated total dose. The next two papers both con-cern optical transient transfection, with violet and femtosec-ond lasers, respectively. Violet light transfection is shown forthe first time, in what is believed to be a major step toward acompact and affordable system for optical transfection. Fem-tosecond pulses were used to optimize optical transfection inmammalian stem cell differentiation. This group of papers isconcluded with a paper describing in vivo carotid artery clo-sure using functionalized gold nanorods as a specific ab-sorber.

The next set of papers concerns imaging on a micro-scopic level including optical coherence tomography �OCT�.

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n the first of these articles Rommel et al. manipulate theefractive index to enhance the contrast in digital holographyf cellular structures. Optical coherence tomography is thenescribed as a tool potentially meeting the clinical need tonable guiding epicardial cardiac radiofrequency ablation

herapy. The next paper concerns the complex dependencef the frequency shift in Doppler spectral domain OCT.alter et al. introduce a novel method to extend the limited

elocity detection range by taking the signal power decreaseue to fringe washout into account. This is followed by aaper from Winkler et al. presenting a software package thatutomatically identifies potentially diseased areas to enablefficient utilization of 3D-OCT for longitudinal studies for fol-

owing disease progression. The last OCT paper presents aeterodyne detection technique to enhance the signal frometinal neuron flickering, providing a novel tool for functionalmaging. This set of papers ends with an evaluation of theotential of confocal microscopy to noninvasively determinepidermal hyperplasia in mouse models.

The special section finishes with three articles on differentopics. The first of the contributions deals with optical mam-ographic tomography compensating for an angled chestall in the reconstruction. The next paper presents a Ramanpectroscopic study of an antimalaria drug, providing insight

nto the drug mechanism. Lastly Schelb et al. illustrate auorescence excitation method to be used with monolithi-ally integrated all-polymer chips.

cknowledgmentshe editors would first like to thank all the lecturers and par-

icipants of the summer school Biophotonics’09 for makinghe school a very fruitful and positive experience, the authors

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of all papers in this special section for their excellent contri-butions, and the many reviewers around the world who pro-vided high-quality reviews of the manuscripts. Your dedi-cated efforts have made this high-quality special sectionpossible. The editors would also like to thank the JBO pub-lication staff, Rita Davis and Karolyn Labes in particular, fortheir invaluable support and prompt assistance in helpingmeet the JBO standards. Finally, the editors would like tothank Prof. Bruce Tromberg, past Editor-in-Chief, and Prof.Lihong Wang, Editor-in-Chief, for their never-ending supportand stimulating encouragements during the entire process ofmaking this special section.

References1. Biophotonics ’09 Website, �2009� �www.biop.dk/biophotonics09/�.2. S. L. Jacques and B. W. Pogue, “Tutorial on diffuse light transport,”

J. Biomed. Opt. 13�4�, 041302 �2008�.3. E. M. Sevick-Muraca and J. C. Rasmussen, “Molecular imaging with

optics: primer and case for near-infrared fluorescence techniques inpersonalized medicine,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13�4�, 041303 �2008�.

Stefan Andersson-Engels, Ph.D.Lund University

Peter E. Andersen, Ph.D.Technical University of Denmark

Special Section Guest Editors

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