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Segment 01

Indian

Constitution

~

PaperIII-GsII Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and

International relations

Unit: 01 Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution,

features, amendments, significant provisions and basic

structure

Evolution of Indian Constitution

~

BaartIya saMivaQaana ka

k`imak ivakasa

Presented by:

Shekhawat

G.

Referred Book:

Polity by M. Lakshmikant , NCERT books &

other sources

Biggest ever written constitution

One of its kind

Guarded by the Supreme Court

(150+ years)

History/

Elizabeth-1 EIC 1600 (/ monopoly)

to trade in Asia

EIC = British East India Company {other EICs were also there like

Portuguese, Dutch}

1612 Base

1600 -1757

1757 Robert Clive (Clerk, later on First ever Governor)

BEIC / they became rulers instead

of traders

British parliament enforced its laws on BEIC

Parliament wanted taxes, BEIC wanted loot (Mercantilism/ )

1858

and then started the era / series of legislatures and procedures in India

till Indian Independence Act, 1947

(dominion state)

Development of Indian Constitution

/ BEIC {1773-1858 }

/Crown {1858-1947 }

1) 31/12/1600 ( ) ( )

BEIC tax BEIC

2) 1612 BASE .

3) 1612-1757 => BEIC

4) 1757=> Battle of Plassey

BEIC got the rights to collect Land Revenue (- )

from Meer jafar

Robert Clive became Governor (earlier was a clerk)

5) BEIC rule begins: {1773-1858 }

6) Regulating act/ , 1773:

( / )

1. Warren Hastings (GGB): Governor of Bengal Gov. Gen of Bengal (first)

2. Governor of madras, Bombay came under GG of Bengal

3. Restrictions on EIC from taking Gift, personal trade & bribes

4. council of four / (to help Gov.

Gen) by EICs COD ( ) {

COD EIC }

5. SC @ Calcutta , (CJ + 3 J)

7) Pitts India Act, 1784:

( )

1. 1781 act of settlement (remove the fault in 1773 act)

2. EIC commercial (surpervised by COD) Political (surpervised by

board of control/ )

3. BOC now controls Civil, military & revenue

4. Area under EIC called British India

5. Parliament fully controls EICs administration

8) Charter Act, 1793: Renewal of Royal Charter (31/12/1600)

for 20 years

1.

2. 3

3. -- 1786 (: )

4.

5. 20

6. (Royal mendate) GG governers

/

7. {GG so}GG

, governers

(GG and governors are different)

8. EIC (privileged trade = EIC

) (

)

9) Charter Act, 1813: Renewal for 20 more years

1. EIC 20

2. (commercial monopoly) ,

(1833 )

3.

4.

10) GOI Act, 1833 (Charter Act)

BEIC

1. BEIC (commercial activities)

; now only an

administrative body

2. Early laws: /regulating act; post laws: Acts/

3. GG GG / GGI (first: )

4. ( )

GGI (@ )

5. GG (GG in council) COD (court of directors )

()

6. GGI (special legislative

powers) ,

7. (civil servants) {Post, employment, office}

but COD refused

8. GGI (executive) (legislative) -

( COD of EIC

; 3 ( )

)

11) GOI Act, 1853: ( ) (last

charter act) (1793, 1813, 1833, 1853)

1. EIC

(ex. )

2. COD 24 18 , 6

3. COD (power of patronage =

)

4.

6. Civil services were open for Indians => 1854 maculae committee

formed

7. GG

8. GGEC (Gov.Gens Executive council)

6 ( = woked like mini parliament)-

CJSC @ Calcutta , judge of SC@calcutta, bombay-madras-bangal-

NWP(agra) { -

RS }

12) Indian Freedom Struggle, 1857:

Will be taken in Other segments

13) GOI Act, 1858: (original plan was 1873 but 1857 sipoy

mutiny/freedoms struggle/ )

{= }

1. 1857 PM

.

2. GOI Act, 1853

3. EICs nationalization / ()

4.

5. GGI ( COD ) Viceroy (

) ( council of

GGI)

6. Lord Canning = First Viceroy

7. (Public life)

8. { }

9. SOS ( ), member of British cabinet, sitting in London, had

his own council

10. (SOS) COD , 15

president = SOS.

11. ICS SOS {? }

12. Main aim of this act: Improvement of the administrative machinery

14) Indian councils Act, 1861 (

(like loksabha, RS))

1857

. 1861 1892 & 1909 3

1.

2. Viceroy (cabinet run

of portfolio system)

3. 6 - home,revenue, military, law,

vitt/finance, lok karya/public works

4. {finance= policy making, revenue= tax collection}

5. Viceroy (1879 )

[Viceroy

]

6. Madras & Bombay presidencys : (1833

)

7. - ..

8. (legislative council) - -

9. GG (just like

UTs in India now & delhi LG)

10. 1885, Congress

15) Indian Councils Act, 1892:

1. , INC

2. (Non Officials)

3. , , ,

/municipality

4. ( PM

members - question hours)

5. 24 5

16) Indian Councils Act, 1909 :

(morle {sos}-minto {viceroy}- reform

1. Central LC => 60 members (early 16) { reform =

}

2. 1905 ( ) /unstable

1909

3. INC

4. (LC)

Exofficio = (president = defense supreme commander, vice-prez = speaker of RS )

Exofficio = (president = defense supreme commander, vice-prez = speaker of RS )

5. 2 + GGEC ( )

6. ; 1919

7. Rise of the Congress (cause subsidiary alliance), - first-pass-the-post system/

---

8. Lord minto=>

17) Indian Councils Act, 1919 :

(montage{sos}-chelmsford {viceroy}- reform { })

(LS & RS)

1. ()

2.

3. ( )

imperial = ; lower house= ; upper house = ; LA =

4. 1928

1930 .

() .

November 1928 .

Simon Commission:

1. GOI act 1919, 10

2. All members were british

3.

4. Round table conferences occurred to sort it out

Communal awards/ :

1. Separate electorates for all (H,M,S,I even dalits)

2. Gandhis Anshan in yarwada jail

3. Poona pact

18) GOI Act, 1935: ( )

(321, 10 ), , Nehru Charter of Slavery/ {Viceroy had special powers }

1.

2. 5

a) , ,

b)

c) (by separate electorates)

d) (all india federation)

e) -

3. Dyrachy/ /provincial Autonomy

(

4. (fedn of india = british india + princely states)

5. 3.5 ( 70 =

UAF: Universal Adult Franchise/ )

6.

7. Federal court ( = SC)

8. federal, provincial, con-current/

9. /bicameral central legislature

10. GOI act 1935

11. 1937 (Mostly INCs Gov.)

12. 1939 WW-II ,

,

19) Cabinet mission plan, 1946 (PM Clement Attlee- Simon commission):

- -

1. PM Attlee , (1944

40 )

2.

a)

b)

c) (commanwealth)

20) (9-12-1946):

B.R.Ambedkar (Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar) = ( )

Benegal Narsing Rau= (

)

21. Indian (British India*) Independence Act, 18/july/1947:

1. 20/feb/1947: PM Attlee 30/june/1947: 2. 3/jun/1947: Mountbatten Plan ( )

GG

3. ,

4. (suzerenity) .

5. Crown was deprived/ vaMicat from voting on bills

6. First GG of india = mountbettan

7. 26/nov/1949, national law day (constitution adopted)

(British India*)=> +

7. 26/jan/1950, Indian

independence act 1947 .

8. 26 Nov-1949: ( 1929 ,

, - JLN )

9. 26 Jan- 1950:

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