Review of Mills' Book on Cuba

See page 2 THE MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. X X IV — No. 44 222 N E W Y O R K , N . Y., M O N D A Y , D E C E M B E R 5, 1960 P rice 10c

Rebellion Flares in Caracas

Betancourt Orders Arm y into Streets

DEC. 1 — The suspension of constitu tiona l righ ts by Ven­ezuelan President Betancourt and his use o f m ilita ry force to que ll demonstrations o f w orkers and students has b rought tha t country the serious risk of a re ­newed a rm y dictatorship.

A fte r the hated Jim inez d ic­ta to rsh ip was toppled in 1958. Betancourt was elected on the basis of promises to b ring u rgen tly needed social reform s to the country w hich suffers m isery and depriva tion w h ile U.S. tycoons p lunder its rich o il resources.

B etancourt’s fa ilu re to carry out his campaign promises para lle led his efforts to stamp out popular sym pathy fo r the Cuban revo lu tion . H is an ti- Cuban stand has d e e p e n e d labor and student opposition to his regime.

When the telephone w orkers s truck Nov. 24, high school and u n ive rs ity students q u i c k l y jo ined th e ir demonstrations.

Instead o f responding to the demands o f the students, Betan­court tu rned the m ilita ry on them. A t last report, 242 had been imprisoned. A t least nine people have been k ille d and several hundred wounded.

The b ru ta l crackdown has stiffened the opposition of many o f the w orkers and students. A n undisclosed num ber of te le ­phone w orkers ignored th e ir leaders’ back-to -w ork order. Bank clerks staged a new w a lk ­ou t and students barricaded themselves at the U n ive rs ity of Caracas and in high schools in the face o f nationa l guard sub- m achinegun fire.

Thrashing about to preserve his position, B e t a n c o u r t charged on the one hand that the demonstrators were at­tempting t o establish "a re­gime here like Cuba." and on the o ther, that the ousted Jiminez forces were prepar­ing a Trujillo-sponsored in ­vasion from the Dominican Republic.

M ost observers agreed tha t the real im m ediate th rea t to Betancourt’s regime is the arm y w h ich has ru led Venezuela fo r a ll bu t about s ix of the past hundred years. Reports are studded w ith such phrases as: “ The arm y m ay hold the ke y ” and . i f the arm y remains loya l.”

A “ re liab le in fo rm an t” of the N ew Y o rk Times said tha t W ashington is considering lend­ing Betancourt $300 m illio n and p rov id ing h im w ith “ lig h t arms” -to crush the dem onstration— if there are assurances he has the support o f the arm y.

M eanw hile, yesterday’s W all S treet Journa l spelled out “ ou r” stake in the Venezuelan crisis: “ For one th ing, there is the U.S. o il company stake in V en­ezuela, a ho ld ing o f immense strategic value. . . . For another, Venezuela’s fa ll to Castroism . . . w ould r i^ k a damaging snow ball effect tha t m ig h t ro ll q u ick ly over nearby lands.”

Hands O ff Cuba!

Part of a picket line of more than 500 persons who demonstrated in front of the United Nations Nov. 26 against ominous moves of the U.S. fleet in the Caribbean.

The demonstration, called by the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, was held .under the general slogan of "Hands Off Cuba!" but many participants brought their own placards, some of them homemade. These included: "Cuba is Now Free; Let I t Remain So." "Don't Let United Fruit Drag Us into World War I I I ." "U.S. Navy Supports Dictators." "W ill

M ili ta n t p h o to b y J. H .History Absolve the U.S.?" "Wake Up U.S.A. to the Needs of the Hungry Nations." "Cuba's Independence Cornerstone of Puerto Rico's Independence." "In Oriente They Build Schools; In Tennessee They Bomb Them. Build Peace with Cuba." "Send Federal Troops to New Orleans Not to Cuba." "Cuba No Se Vende. (Cuba Is Not for Sale)." "We Want the Truth." "Gunboats Threaten Freedom." "Castro Is Not Alone." "Gel Your Navy Out of Central America." "We Demand Fair Play for Cuba."

‘Wonder Why The Runaways Are All White?’

DETR O IT, Nov. Nov. 18 — “ A puzzling th ing ,” says B il l Lane, co lum nist in last week’s M ich i­gan Chronicle.

“ W hen Castro marched in to Havana a fte r com ing out of the mountains the newspapers and magazines showed pics o f his men. They were o f a ll colors. So i t was w hen the Cubans were in N YC recently, and in pics in Look taken in Havana recently.

Jim Crow Clubs

“ U n like i t was when Batista was in pow er and backed by a lo t o f loo t from U.S. hoodlums who b u ilt n igh t clubs and ho­tels th a t actua lly refused to ad­m it Negroes fro m the U nited States.

“ The puzzling th ing is tha t w henever y e see pics in L ife o r in the U.S. newspapers of Cubans who have ru n away from Castroland or are getting ready to reinvade the Cuban isle we always see the Cubans shown as a ll-w h ite . No dark ones in the mobs a t a ll. W onder w hy?”

2 Detroit Steel Locals Vote Against McDonald

By Jim Cam pbellDETRO IT, Nov. 26 — Donald

R arick won endorsement of the tw o large locals o f the U nited S teelworkers here as candidate fo r in te rna tiona l president of the union in the 1961 election. He defeated D avid J. McDonald, the incum bent president, a fte r a l iv e ly campaign in his behalf by the OMR (O rganization fo r M em bership R ights), a union caucus fo rm e rly know n as the Dues Protest Movement.

In Local 1299 R arick won by 465 to 133, in Local 2659 by 225 to 155. O ther OMR candidates also won endorsement.

Under the S teelworkers con­s titu tion , endorsement by at least 40 locals is necessary be­fo re a candidate fo r un ion-w ide office can appear on the ballot.

The OMR now has prom ise of a strategic edge over the M c­Donald machine in th is d is tr ic t in the referendum election next February, since out o f 26,000 members the tw o locals have 10,500 members at Great Lakes Steel and 4,000 at M cLouth Steel.

Dissatisfaction with the ap­peasement methods of the time-serving . McDonald ad­ministration has been sharp­

ened by rising unemployment. Since July layoffs h a v e mounted steadily in the mills here, with short-time becom­ing a regular diet.

P articu la r bitterness is fe lt now over the behind-the-scenes deals made by the union ad­m in is tra tio n w ith the steel bosses over job classifications.

Job descriptions have been changed u n til they am ount to speedrup and job -jum p ing . As a consequence, the companies have cu t the num ber o f jobs w h ile investing in new mach­inery.

This has given special ap­peal to the OMR's demand for a 30-hour week at 40 hours pay and its call for protection of job classifications.

P a rticu la rly im portan t in the campaign is the fact tha t the OMR has demanded an end to the no-strike pledge. N icholas Mamula, OMR candidate fo r d is tr ic t d irec to r in Western Pennsylvania, raised the issue sharp ly at an OMR ra lly here Nov. 4.

In th is w ay the OMR is he lp ­ing to rev ive the long-dorm ant s p ir it o f m ilita n cy in the steel union.

How Ydigoras Helped In Move of U.S. Fleet

The proclaim ed reasons fo r sending U.S.’ naval forces in to the Caribbean have been ex­posed as a crude hoax.

Eisenhower announced Nov.17 tha t surface and a ir un its were on th e ir w ay to tha t area to ha lt the land ing o f Cuban armed forces and supplie^ in Guatemala and Nicaragua. He said he was acting a t the re ­quest of d ic ta to r Somoza of Nicaragua and d ic ta to r Ydigoras of Guatemala, both of whom claimed tha t the Cuban govern­m ent was a id ing rebel forces in th e ir countries. 1

The da ily press here was hard pu t to ju s t ify th is contention. The State D epartm ent “ has no firm 1 evidence tha t Central Am erican invasion forces are at sea,” reported the Nov. 18 W ashington Post. “ There is no hard evidence th a t the central d irection of the rebel movement comes from Havana,” said the Nov. 15 New Y o rk H era ld - T ribune.

B u t the real give away came Nov. 26 in a g lee fu lly candid report from Guatemala C ity by Scripps-How ard correspondent A lb e rt Colegrove. He revealed how Ydigoras had used “ the Barnum technique” to p in the label of Cuban “ aggression” on the aborted arm y upris ing against h im .

Colegrove said that the rebel army officers, w ith about 900 men behind them, were simply disgruntled at the lack of opportunity for advance­ment. He cited an American "who was close to their ac­tivities/' as observing: "They were the politest rebels I ever saw. They respected private property and didn't push any­body around."

C o l e g r o v e adds: “ Others agreed there were no signs of le^ft-wing a c tiv ity or pro-Castro sentim ent among the rebels.”

Then, to illus tra te Ydigoras’ Barnum -like fla ir fo r selling fake sideshow attractions, he w rote :

"But somehow or other— and without really getting specific — Gen. Ydigoras got across the impression that the whole plot was hatched in Cuba . . . and a visiting U ni­ted States Senator emerged from a private talk w ith Gen. Ydigoras to declare that Guatemala had been 'the iirst to break the Castro offen­sive.' "B ut the Pentagon rea lly wasn’t

sw indled in to sending its gun­boats in to the Caribbean. I t had its own w e igh ty reasons fo r do­ing so. In fact D avid Lawrence, the reactionary colum nist, sug­gested approv ing ly in the Nov.18 H era ld -T ribune th a t the “ in ­

vasion” hoax was fabrica ted at W ashington’s request.

Lawrence fu r th e r reports tha t sending the fleet to “ guard” the Nicaraguan and Guatemalan coast was on ly an opening gam­bit.

" It is likely," he writes, "that a close watch w ill be maintained by the U.S. Navy's airplanes on any vessels or planes which leave Cuban shores for any destination in neighboring countries. This kind of surveillance w ill grad­ually increase. . . . "W hat is the u ltim a te aim of

these aggressive m ilita ry ac­tions? Lawrence lays i t l ig h t on the line — the use o f U.S. armed m igh t to crush the Cuban revo lu tion and restore the col­onia l ru le of the W all Street monopolists.

"The day is not far distant," declares Lawrence, "when the United Slates . . . may have to land troops to lake possession of American properties in Cuba seized by the Castro government."W ith touching sens itiv ity fo r

the human factor, Lawrence speculates on “ how such a step w il l be received by the Cuban people — tha t is, w hether it w il l be m isin terpreted as an a l­leged Am erican interference w ith the righ ts o f the Cuban governm ent. . .

The consequences o f such “ m is in te rp re ta tion ” w il l have to be debated in the U.S., says Lawrence, before the next rhove is made.

T ha t’s a good idea. The A m e r­ican people should get in to tha t debate w ith a clear, strong posi­tion : “ Hands off Cuba!”

Dodge Local 3 Urges Fight for 30-Hour Week

D ETR O IT — U A W Dodge Local 3 has called on the U A W to “ make the 30-hour week w ith 40 hours’ pay the num ber one demand in the 1961 contract negotiations.”

In a resolution, adopted at a mem bership m eeting fo r the special U A W convention next A p r il th a t w i l l fo rm u la te con­trac t demands, Local 3 also called fo r:

A c tion “ to persuade the new 87th session o f the U.S. Con­gress to amend the F a ir Labor Standards A c t so as to reduce the legal w o rk week.”

National CampaignDevelopm ent by the in te rna ­

tiona l U A W o f “ a na tiona l pub­lic ity campaign around the need fo r a reduction in the hours of labor as was done in the case o f pensions and supplem entary u n ­em ploym ent benefits.”

C ircu la tion o f the Local 3 resolution to a ll U A W ■ locals, u rg ing them to take “ para lle l action.”

The resolution said 30-for- 40 is needed because of lay­offs, automation and speedup. Copies o f the fu l l resolution,

w h ich appeared in the Nov. 19 Dodge M ain News, m ay be ob­tained from U A W Local 3, 8425 Joseph Campau, H am tram ck 12, M ich.

'Stabilized Eggs'Last June, the federal gov­

ernm ent began buy ing up dried eggs to “ s tab ilize” the price. Since then eggs have shot up 17 cents a dozen in the Chicago wholesale m arket.

Not Even an Ex-cop Is Safe — Especially If He’s a Negro

D ETR O IT — N ot even an ex­cop is safe from police b ru ta l­ity , especially i f he’s a Negro ex-cop.

Jesse W. Ray, 39, w ho gets a pension fo r pa rtia l disablement a fte r 13 years as a policeman, found tha t ou t last week.

Two while plainclothesmen in a car, not liking the way in which he was driving, told him to "pull over to the curb, you black son of a bitch."He parked, but before he

could get out o f the car b^ h im ­self, they were p u llin g h im out.

“ Now, ju s t a m inute, I ’ve been beaten by you fe llow s be-, fore ,” Ray began. He was re­fe rrin g to an accidental beating g iven h im by fe llo w officers

du ring a ra id when he was a member of the vice squad.

This angered the cops still more, and they cut off his af- t e m p l e d explanation, one holding him from behind and choking him, the other beat­ing him on the head w ith a blackjack.Then they took h im to a sta­

tion and p u t h im in a cell. Ray tr ie d to exp la in to the sergeant, who answered, “ As fa r as I ’m concerned, you ’re a ll a bunch of pigs.” He w ou ldn ’t le t Ray phone his home or law yer.

La te r Ray was taken to a hos­p ita l and shackled to a bed. He f in a lly got a message through and was released on bond.

A ll th a t’s on the record is tha t Ray faces “ a reckless d riv in g charge.”

'Not Frightened,' Declare Negroes In New OrleansKlan Defied By Students In Atlanta

D efy ing robed and hooded Klansm en, Negro students in A tlan ta , Ga., renewed th e ir sit- in and p icke t-line actions aimed at w inn ing in tegra tion of v a r i­e ty and departm ent store lunch counters.

Hundreds o f Negro students resumed the protest action in dow ntow n A tla n ta Nov. 25 a fte r a month of fru itless negotiations w ith local merchants. Ten lunch counters were closed down by the sit-ins.

The next day about a hundred K lansm en appeared in fro n t of R i c h ’ s departm ent store, a m a jo r J im C row holdout, w ith banners ca lling fo r “ action now ” against the Negroes.

A large num ber o f Negro youths a rrived and set up w e ll- organized p icke t lines across the street.

They carried placards read­ing: "Wear old clothes with dignity. Don't buy here": and "The presence of segregation is the absence of democracy. Jim Crow must go."

Then s ix Negroes and tw o w h ite g irls w alked in to a neigh­boring Rexal drug store where a K lansm an, draped in a ll his bed sheets, was seated at th e lunch counter.

W hile the hatemonger g low ­ered fro m his p illo w case, the e igh t ygung people took seats beside h im and requested serv­ice. The manager shut down the counter.

The in tegra tion f i g h t e r s scored a v ic to ry Nov. 30 when five s it- in demonstrators were served w ith o u t inc iden t at the Young W omen’s C hris tian A s­sociation pub lic cafeteria. A spokesman la te r emphasized th a t the YW C A board of d irec­tors had not adopted a fo rm a l po licy o f desegregation b u t had decided tha t i f Negroes insisted on service they w ou ld be a l­lowed to eat.

M eanw hile in Jacksonville, Fla., ten teen-age Negro boys and g irls staged a s it- in Nov. 29 at a W oolw orth lunch bar where demonstrators had been at- t a c k e d by K lansm en last August. W oolw orth offic ia ls closed the counter.

The cu rren t action was led by Rodney H urst, 16, president of the Y outh Council o f the Jack­sonville N AAC P.

Stand Solid Against Racists In School Integration Battle

B y A rth u r JordanW ith undampened resolution to w in the ba ttle fo r th e ir

own and a ll th e ir c ity ’s Negro ch ild ren, fo u r New Orleans fam ilies sent six-year-o ld daughters back to court-desegre- gated first-grade classes Nov. 28.

A fte r a w eek’s recess, New Orleans schools reopened w ith continued dem onstrations and a school boycott de­signed to break the w il l o f th e * - Negr<5 parents.

The parents have the solid support of the Negro com m u­n ity . W hen one fa the r was fired by his fillin g -s ta tio n boss last week, a construction job was q u ick ly found fo r him .

Neighbors instantly reas­sured another fam ily when a hearse pulled up at their house, followed by the de­livery of a funeral wreath.

Reprisals m ay increase i f a segregationist w ins his su it to obta in o ffic ia l ro lls conta in ing the names o f the fo u r girls.

B u t the grandm other o f one s ix -year-o ld q u ie tly observed:“ There is no v ic to ry w ith o u t labor.” A nd another parent summed up fo r the group: “ We are determ ined fo r ou r ch ild ren to stay in those schools. . . . We were no t fr igh tened a t firs t and we s t i l l are not frigh tened .”

A longshoreman's w i f e spoke for Negroes who have suffered because they backed the girls' parents. Her 19- year-old son had been beaten, kicked and stabbed. On his release from the hospital, she said: " I am sorry they hurt my boy, but I still think the schools should be integrated."A few \vh.ite fam ilies are also

standing-against the pack. New Orleans schools reopened under a concerted d rive to force the transfer o f w h ite pupils to adjacent St. B ernard Parish (county). No w h ite ch ild ren ap­peared Nov. 28 a t desegregated McDonogh 19 School and only tw o at W illia m F rantz School.Two more were picked up at F rantz and d riven home where th e ir parents were to ld to en­ro ll them in St. Bernard.

B u t nex t day there were fo u r w h ite ch ild ren at W i l l i a m Frantz, escorted by th e ir pa r­ents through a screaming, k ic k ­ing mob. R unning the gauntle t at F rantz w ith his daughter, whom he has kep t in school th roughout the desegregation “ crisis,” one w h ite , Rev. L lo yd Foreman, showed he m eant i t when he said tha t sooner or la te r everyone o f us “ is called to stand and be counted.”

Pacifists Face Jail for Protest On Atom Subs

GROTON, Conn., Nov. 2 2 - N ine pacifists face fines and ja il sentences fo r alleged trespass or the G roton H arbor area w hich was closed by the N avy du ring the launching o f the E than A llen , the latest Polaris m issile submarine.

The pacifists, members o f the Com m ittee F o r N onv io len t A c­tion, have been dem onstrating against construction o f the sub­marines since last June.

Just before the cerem ony seven members o f the organiza­tion moved in to the launching area in tw o rowboats and a canoe. The Coast Guard in te r­cepted them and tow ed them ou t o f the area. Soon a fte r the launching, tw o o ther members o f the group swam ou t to the c ra ft and clim bed aboard. They were arrested.

( The navy had warned the Com m ittee th a t th e ir, actions \Mould subject them to one-year prison sentences a nd /o r $5,000 fines.

The object o f the demonstra­tio n was to focus a tten tion on the danger o f the arms race. “ W hen we c lim b aboard Po­la ris submarines and ris k our lives, th is is saying ‘NO ’ to these machines and the policies they represent,” said B rad fo rd L itt le , C N V A N ationa l Secretary.

This is the fo u r th Polaris c a r r y i n g subm arine to be launched. The E than A lle n is la rger and more deadly than its predecessors. I t can cruise around the w o rld submerged and fire its H -bom b missiles at targets 1,500 m iles away.

The explosive pow er o f the bombs on any o f the fo u r ves­sels is greater than a ll the bombs dropped d u ring W orld W ar I I .

Bleak News for Steel Workers In Two ‘Little-Noticed’ Clauses

B y Tom K e rrySteel w orkers are being hard

h it by Several booby traps w r i t ­ten in to the contract signed last January by the M cDonald lead­ership fo llo w in g the 116-day strike .

,The ho llow boasting of the union leadership tha t i t was the “ greatest contract in h is to ry ,” is beginning to boomerang. The Nov. 7 W all S treet Journa l car­ries a fro n t page story head­lined : “ Two L itt le -N o t i c e dSteel Pact Clauses Costly to W orkers.” The opening para­graph states:

"A couple of lillle-noliced clauses in the steel labor con­tracts signed last January are

. about to explode into the headlines — and they'll make bleak reading for both em­ployed and unemployed."The firs t deals w ith the re ­

vised escalator clause. In the February issue o f Steel Labor, union president D avid J. M c­Donald boasted tha t among the gains recorded in the new con­tract was tha t “ we saved the p rinc ip le o f the cos t-o f-liv ing factor.” In exchange fo r the “ p rinc ip le ” McDonald surren­dered the substance of the un ion ’s cos t-o f-liv ing clause.

Under the new clause the union was to be lim ite d to a m axim um of s ix cents increase under the escalator clause fo r the en tire period o f the contract regardless o f how h igh the cost o f l iv in g rose. This amounted to a l im it of three cents per year.

The firs t cos t-o f-liv ing in ­crease is due nex t m onth. Be­cause the cost o f l iv in g has con­tinued to rise, the un ion m em ­bers should be en titled to an in ­crease of three cents per hour. H owever . . . the escalator “ p r in ­c ip le ” was fu r th e r constricted by m aking the rise contingent on the estimated cost o f the com­pany-paid insurance programs.

I t ’s a complicated b it o f hanky-panky w hich the W all Street Journa l explains as fo l­lows:

“ The firs t o f the three-cent cos t-o f-liv ing boosts is due De­cember 1. . . . B u t the big jo ke r is the steel companies’ insurance costs. This is fu r th e r com p li­cated by tw o other contract p ro ­visions. One provides th a t U.S. Steel’s costs are to be used as the standard fo r the en tire in ­dustry, ‘in order fo r the insu r­ance escalation credits to be u n i­fo rm as among a ll companies.’ The other provides th a t possible cos t-o f-liv ing increases be meas­ured, not against w ha t the in ­surance costs already are, bu t against w ha t they ’re l ik e ly to be by June of next year, as best as actuaries can determ ine.”

The companies are c la im ing tha t the insurance costs have gone up enough to offset any cos t-o f-liv ing increase and th a t the steel w orkers are therefore not en titled to th e ir three-cent hou rly wage increase due under McDonald's escalation “ p r in ­c ip le ” on December' 1.

The alleged agreement of the corporations to assume the

entire cost of the insurance program was touted as the major contract gain by the McDonald leadership. A reso­lution l a u d i n g McDonald's peerless leadership adopted at the recent steel union conven­tion boasted: "For the first time, we achieved a com­pletely noncontributory insur­ance program in basic steel." Even this turned out to be a hoax!A nother o f M cD onald ’s con­

tract concessions w h ich is cost­ing the steel w orkers dearly was the surrender o f the demand fo r increased em ployer con tribu ­tions to the- Supplem entary U n­em ploym ent Benefit fund. The slump in steel p roduction w h ich began last M arch has th ro w n thousands o f steel un ion mem­bers out of w o rk fo r extended periods of tim e. M any have ex ­hausted th e ir unem ploym ent in ­surance and SUB payments w ith a num ber of companies repo rt­ing tha t SUB reserves have been seriously depleted.

Once SUB funds fa l l be low a certa in figure, payments are severely curta iled and can be discontinued en tire ly . The steel w orkers p u t up a m agnificent struggle to prevent the corpora­tions from scu ttling th e ir union. They fough t fo r 116 days against corporate pow er and govern­ment assault th rough T a ft- H artley . The fru its o f v ic to ry were denied them b y a spineless leadership w h ich in the end sold them o u t at the conference table* . . . . . . .

Paga Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, December 5, 1960

American Press Is Not Telling Truth About Cuban Revolution

[This ex tract is from M ills ' opening "N o te to the Reader."]

U n til the summ er o f 1960, I had never been in Cuba, nor even though t about i t much. In fact, the previous fa ll, w hen I was in B raz il, and in the spring o f 1960, w hen I was in M exico fo r several months, I was em­barrassed not to have any f irm a ttitude tow ards the Cuban re v ­o lu tion. For in both R io de Janeiro and M exico C ity , Cuba was o f course a m a jo r top ic of discussion. B u t I d id no t know w h a t was happening there, m uch less w ha t I m ig h t th in k about it , and I was then busy w ith o ther studies.

In the la te spring o f 1960, w hen I decided “ to look in to Cuba,” I f irs t read eve ry th ing I could fin d and summ arized it : p a r t ly as in fo rm a tion and p a rt­ly in the fo rm o f questions to w h ich I could fin d no answers in p rin t. W ith these questions, and a fe w ideas on how to go

about ge tting answers to them, I w ent to Cuba.

That jo u rn e y has forced me to the v iew — a v iew w h ich fo r a long tim e I had re jected — tha t much o f w hatever you have read recen tly about Cuba in the U.S. press is fa r rem oved from the rea lities and the m eaning o f w ha t is going on in Cuba today.

I am not a ltogether clear as to how to exp la in th is fac t; I do not th in k i t is simple. U n like m any Cubans, I do not believe tha t i t is e n tire ly due to. a de­libe ra te campaign o f v ilific a tio n . Y e t i t is true th a t i f U.S. busi­nesses adversely affected by the revo lu tion do no t coordinate you r news o f Cuba, business as a system o f interests (w h ich in ­cludes the media o f mass com­m unica tion) m ay nonetheless be a con tro lling fac to r in w ha t you are able to know about Cuba today.

I t is also tru e th a t the news ed ito r’s demand fo r v io len t

A Good Economic Deal With Soviet Countries

Take ou r economic re lations next. The Soviet U nion and other C om m unist countries are buy ing our sugar and se lling us o il as w e ll as o ther th ings we need. We are doing business w ith them . I t ’s a good economic deal — fo r us, at least, and we th in k fo r them too. You know “ a good business deal” when you see one, don’t you, Yankee? Y o u r corporations th a t have dom inated Cuba’s economy, they ce rta in ly know ! B u t w e’ve a l­ready to ld you about th e ir eco­nom ic re lations w ith the old Cuba. Do the Russians have th a t k in d of exp lo ita tive re la ­tions w ith the Cuban economy today? They ce rta in ly do not. A nd as long as they don’t, w e’re going to keep on doing business w ith them.

I t ju s t happens th a t the So­v ie t bloc and the underde­veloped countries have many opportun ities — in p la in eco­nom ic term s — to benefit m u ­tua lly * fro m economic tra ffic . As th e ir own standards go up, these Soviet countries need more raw m ateria ls o f the sort we in L a tin Am erica are producing. I t ’s not m ere ly a g if t w e’re ge tting from them . W e’re doing economic

Calendar Of Events

D ETR O IT F riday , Dec. 9, 8 p.m.— "Room

.at the Top — For Crooks," ata lk on crim e, co rrup tion and cap ita lism by Robert F in k . A t Debs H a ll, 3737 W oodward. F r i ­day N ig h t Socialist Forum .

•LO S ANG ELES

"T he Kennedy A d m in is tra ­tio n —■ W hy I t Won and W here I t W ill Go." Speaker, Theodore Edwards, rad io comm entator, socialist lec tu re r and w rite r. F riday, Dec. 9. 8:15 p.m. Forum H a ll, 1702 East F ou rth St. Ausp. M ili ta n t Labor Forum . C ontrib . 75 cents (students 25 cents).

•NEW YO R K

For sim pler, th r if t ie r C h ris t­mas shopping, don’t miss the A nnua l Xmas Bazaar. Saturday, Dec. 10. Doors open p rom p tly a t noon. 116 U n ive rs ity Place (O ff U n ion Sq.) Toys, books, rec­ords, hand-crafted leather goods and costume jew e lry , cloth ing, household appliances. A l l at g ive-aw ay prices. Ausp. N.Y. School o f Social Science.

* * *

The M ili ta n t Labor Forum w i l l no t meet F riday, Dec. 9, be­cause its h a ll is bu lg ing w ith merchandise fo r the School o f Social Science Bazaar. On Dec. 16 the Forum w i l l feature a special discussion on “ Listen, Yankee,” C. W rig h t M ills ’ new book on the Cuban R evolution.

business together. W e’l l do i t w ith you too, o r anybody else, i f i t w orks ou t fa ir ly to ou r m u­tua l economic benefit. I f you don’t believe it, t r y us and see.

As fo r our “ recogn ition” of China, as w e ll as our Chinese trade, the on ly th in g we need to say is th is: I f you r G overn­m ent is so foo lish as to th in k they can accomplish anyth ing by not “ recognizing” over 600 m illio n people, we Cubans are not. We are not ostriches. We w an t news about China. We w an t to do business w ith China. They are ve ry much a p a rt of the w o rld we a ll liv e in, and we w an t to live in i t w ith them, no t t r y to act as i f they d id n ’t exist. Besides, i t ’s none o f your G overnm ent’s business w h a t c o u n t r i e s our G overnm ent recognizes, is it? I t ’s none of our business, b u t s t i l l w e ’l l say it : W hat you ought to do is p u ll you r G overnm ent’s head ou t o f the m ud and make i t recognize the fact o f China, too.

B u t ge tting to w ha t we sup­pose is you r m ain w o rry — take communism as a m ilita ry p rob­lem. We Cubans don’t th in k th is is nea rly as im portan t, at least now, as you r Yankee p o li­tic ians seem to.

Has the Soviet U n ion set up a base on Cuban soil?

No.B u t the U n ited States has a

naval base in Cuba.But, you m ay say, Cuba’s so

close to the U n ited States— tha t had to be?

B u t you also have bases a ll around the perim eter o f the Soviet bloc, as close as you can possibly get them.

So i f we d id a llow the Soviet U nion to b u ild and to m a in ta in a base in Cuba — and unless you r G overnm ent forces us to, we are not going to do th a t— you w ou ld have no m ora l claim , no po litica l r ig h t, to object. You have bases in Turkey, a few m iles fro m the Soviet border, and in Japan, on O k i­nawa, on Ta iw an — a ll o f them, and others, ju s t a l it t le distance from the borders o f China. I f you do not see the point, please know th a t we do. So do most of the peoples o f the w orld . And ve ry soon — please do not doubt i t—more o f them w i l l . . . .

B u t no m a tte r how a ll th a t may seem to you,' we Cubans are no t going to a llo w the Rus­sians, or anyone else, to bu ild any base here; no t unless — we m ust repeat i t — you r G overn­m ent forces us to. We do not lik e fo re ign bases. We do not lik e generals, e ithe r — yours or ours, or anybody else’s.

A nyw ay, don’t you see tha t i t ’s no t the m ilita ry issue th a t is cruc ia l now — unless you a t­tack us. M en take up arms on ly when po litics fa ils ; i t ’s in p o li­t ica l terms tha t the technol­ogical aid and the economic tra ffic , and the m ilita ry issues, m ust be w orked out between c iv ilized men.

Local DirectoryBOSTON

B o sto n L a b o r F o ru m , 295 H u n t in g ­to n A ve ., R oom 200.

C H IC A G O S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty , 302 S ou th

C ana l S t., R oom 210. W E 9-5044.C L E V E L A N D

S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty , 5511 E u c lid A ve ., R oom 203.

D E N V E RM ili ta n t L a b o r Fo rum , 1227 C a li­

fo rn ia . M A in 3-0993. F o r la b o r and s o c ia lis t books, In te rn a tio n a l B ook E xchange, 122754 C a lifo rn ia . Open 5:30 p jm . to 8 p .m . M on. th ro u g h F r i.

D E T R O IT Eugene V . D e b . H a il, 3737 W o o d -

w a rd . T E m p le 1-6135.LO S A N G E LE S .

F o ru m H e l l and M ode rn B ook Shop, S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty , 1702 E a s t F o u r th S t. A N 9-4953 o r W E 5-9238. Open 12 noori — 5 p .m . d a ily , S at. 9 a.m . — 5 p.m .

M IL W A U K E E 150 E a s t Juneau A ve . ;

M IN N E A P O L IS S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty and L a b q r

B ook S tore , 704 H ennep in A ve ., H a ll 240. F E d e ra l 2-7781.

N E W A R K N ew a rk L a b o r F o ru m . B ox 361,

N ew ark , N. 'J .N E W Y O R K C IT Y

M ili ta n t L a b o r Fo rum , 116 U n iv e rs ity Place, A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D - B E R K E L E Y P.O. B ox 341, B e rke ley 1, C a lif.

P H IL A D E L P H IA M il i ta n t L a b o r F o ru m a nd S o c ia lis t

W o rk e rs P a rty , 1303 W . G ira rd Ave. L e c tu re s and d iscu ss io ns e ve ry S a tu r­d ay, 8 P .M ., fo llo w e d b y open house. C a ll PO 3-5820.

SA N FR AN CISCO The M ili ta n t , 1145 P o lk S t., R oom 4 .

Sat. I t A .M . to 3 P .M . Phone P R 6- 7296; i f no answ er. V A 4-2321.

S E A T T L E 1412— 18th A venue , E A 5 -0191. L I-

b ra ry , b oo ks to re .

headlines does res tric t and shape the copy jou rna lis ts p ro ­duce. Editors and journa lis ts tend to feel th a t the U nited States pub lic w ou ld ra th e r read about executions than about new lands p u t in to cu ltiva tion . They p r in t w ha t they th in k is the salable com m odity.

O ur ignorance o f Cuba is also, in part, due to the fac t th a t the re vo lu tiona ry G overnm ent of Cuba does n o t ye t have a ser­viceable in fo rm a tion agency fo r fo re ign journa lis ts . In Cuba to ­day i t is n o t easy to get f irm facts, and i t is impossible to un ­derstand w ha t is going on w ith ­out sk illed help from the peo­ple w ho are themselves in the m idd le o f th e ir revo lu tion . In m any cases such people are qu ite unable to help, i f o n ly be­cause they are so busy ca rry ing out the revo lu tion . B u t i t is more than th a t: they are in ­creasingly u n w illin g to help, fo r they feel th a t th e ir tru s t has been betrayed. Due to w ha t they r ig h tly consider sad experiences, they have come to feel tha t N o rth A m erican jou rna lis ts w il l not recognize, o r w i l l d istort, the tru th , even w hen they see i t before them.

I believe another source of troub le is th a t m any N orth Am erican jou rna lis ts s im p ly do no t know how to understand and to repo rt a revo lu tion . I f i t is a real revo lu tion — and Cuba’s is ce rta in ly th a t — to re ­po rt i t involves much m ore than the o rd ina ry jo u rn a lis t’s rou ­tine. I t requires th a t the jo u r­na lis t abandon m any o f the cliches and habits w h ich now make up his ve ry c ra ft. I t cer­ta in ly requires tha t he know something in de ta il about the great va rie ty o f le ft-w in g though t and action in the \vo rld today. A nd most N o rth A m e ri­can jou rna lis ts know ve ry l it t le o f th a t va rie ty . To most o f them, judg ing from ou r newspapers, i t a ll appears as ju s t so much “ communism.”

Our Leaders Saw Freshly

B u t a sm all group o f young in te llectua ls, we were the ones w ho started i t up. We w eren ’t a fra id o f labels; we knew w ha t we w ere and w ha t we were not. N ow there is one th in g th a t you N orth Am ericans m ust under­stand about these youftg in te l­lectuals, about us w ho led the insurrection and who are now p u ttin g th rough the Cuban revo lu tion :

Since we d id no t belong to the o ld le ft in te lligen ts ia — the o lder m en w ho had gone th rough Com m unism and been d is illusioned w ith S ta lin ism and w ith the purges and the tr ia ls and the 35 years o f a ll th a t— w e’ve had one enormous advan­tage as revo lu tionaries. W e’ve no t gone th rough a ll tha t te r­r ib ly destructive process; we have not been wounded by i t ; and so w e are free. We are revo lu tionaries o f the post- S ta lin era; we’ve never had any “ God That Fa iled.” We jus t don’t belong to tha t lineage. We don’t have a ll th a t cynicism and fu t i l i t y about w ha t w e’re doing, and about w ha t we feel m ust be done.

Tha t is one b ig secret o f the Cuban revo lu tionary .

As young inte llectuals, o f course, we know something about a ll th a t d is illus ion ing process fro m books, and now we are study ing i t some— when we have the tim e to study—but we never live d it. We are new men. That is w h y we are so o rig ina l and so spontaneous and so una fra id to do w ha t m ust be done in Cuba. There are no ex­radicals among us. We are new radicals. We re a lly are, we th in k , a new le ft in the w orld . A le ft th a t has never suffered from a ll th a t S ta lin ism has m eant to the old le ft a ll over the w orld . We know on ly from books the S ta lin is t executions and the tr ia ls and the labor camps, b u t i t doesn’t touch us personally. We are w ith o u t any o f tha t ideological background; so w e’ve had the courage fo r revo lu tion ; i t wasn’t destroyed by the te rr ib le h is to ry o f the w o rld decline o f the old le ft. We are people w ith o u t bad memories.

Powerful Document Against the Liars

On th is page we are pub lish ing excerpts from “ L isten, Yankee.” In our opin ion th is book on the Cuban revo lu tion is of e x trao rd ina ry im portance although i t seeks to do no more than offer an impression o f the views of the partic ipants.

Since i t is obviously a t ru th fu l and sincere report, based on fr ie n d ly in te rv iew s and long conversations w ith top leaders, the book is certa in to be singled out by the press fo r Operation K il l .

The fact is th a t the author, C. W rig h t M ills , a dis­tinguished figure in the Am erican academic w o rld , w ent to Cuba unconvinced about the revo lu tion . He thought some of the derogatory th ings appearing in the press m igh t have va lid ity .

W hat he discovered le ft h im no choice. He had to speak out. “ L ike most Cubans, I too believe tha t th is revo lu tion is a m om ent of tru th . . . ”

“ L isten, Yankee” consists of tw o notes to the reader and e ight le tte rs w h ich a Cuban revo lu tiona ry m igh t have w r it te n to an unknow n Yankee. The le tte rs are frank . The Cuban says exactly w ha t he th inks about Am erica and Am ericans and th e ir re la tion to his country.

A l l the m ain issues come up — W a ll Street, Batista, the J u ly 26 Movement, agrarian re form , the take overs, the Com m unist pa rty , economic re la tions w ith the Soviet bloc, w ha t the Cubans w ant, w ha t they are doing and where they are headed.

Am ericans concerned about the opinions of the rest of the w o rld w i l l be unable to pu t the book down. There ’s more than the Cuban v iew expressed here. The le tte rs speak fo r a ll o f L a tin Am erica and the w hole colonial area.

“ L isten, Yankee” is w e ll w o rth a leng thy review . B u t we though t our readers m igh t get a more v iv id appreciation th rough a few samples. We are sorry tha t space confined us to w ha t appears on th is page.

“ L isten, Yankee” is published in a 50-cent paperback ed ition by B a llan tine Books and in a hardcover $3.95 ed ition by M cG raw H ill. I t can be ordered th rough Pioneer Publishers, 116 U n ive rs ity PL, New Y o rk 3, N.Y.

The Rich Yankees Don’t Care About World’s Hungry Nations

Need For PlanOne th in g th a t w i l l influence

our p o lit ica l system a great deal is our economic p lann ing and our G overnm ent’s contro l o f ou r economics. A ny underdeveloped economy th a t is re a lly on the move shows you r ig h t away the need fo r such contro l: to avoid the waste o f resources, i f fo r no other reason. A nd fo r speed. There is so much to do and so l it t le to do i t w ith , rea lly . The greatest crim e today in Cuba is to waste our resources. So the economy must be planned by our Government. A nd th is w ill, o f course, be a m ain de term in ing fac to r o f our po litica l system, whatever i t tu rns out to be.

Yes. Count M e InThe M ilitant 116 University PI. New York 3, N . Y.

Yes, I ’d lik e to make sure I get the M ilita n t every week. Count me in fo r a year’s subscription. A m enclosing $3.

N a m e .............................................................................................................

S treet ........................................................................................................

C ity .

State ................................... ..........................................................................

Cuba Is FreeRemember, we are not going

th rough any S ta lin is t k in d of forced industria liza tion . Remem­ber, too, how flex ib le our con­sum ption on th is sem itropical island can be: we can live on less, i f we have to. Remember, fin a lly , tha t we are more fo r ­tunate than the Russians were, and even the Chinese, because they w il l ce rta in ly help us eco­nom ically.

O ur ve ry lack o f any po litica l system has been w o rk in g in a most d irec t and democratic way. We don’t know w ha t you mean by the w ord “ democratic,” b u t i f w ha t w e’re doing isn’t demo­cratic, then we don’t w an t dem­ocracy. . . .

A lso, we are not so dogmatic as many o f you seem to be. We are not among those who assert th a t on ly under the pa rticu la r system such as you have can men be free. We can qu ite w e ll im agine real freedom, fo r ex­ample, in the Soviet U nion in the fu tu re . B u t tha t re a lly isn’t the point.

A d v e rt is e m e n t

S ure ly you m ust know tha t a ll over the w o rld there ’s been' b u ild ing up the hatred o f w hat you r G overnm ent and your monopolies have been doing? Most o f th a t hate has had no chance to get ou t as yet, much less to come to you r in d iffe ren t a ttention. B u t some o f i t has, and a lo t more o f i t w il l.

A bou t tw o years ago — re ­member? — you r V ice President tr ie d to make a good -w ill tou r o f South Am erica. In U ruguay, A rgentina, Paraguay, and B o li­via, M r. N ixon and his company were o ften jeered and the ques­tions p u t to h im in press con­ferences got s h a r p e r and sharper. In “Lima, Peru, “ a seri­ous dem onstration” occurred. M r. N ixo n (we quote from you r New Y o rk Times) “ was spat upon and stoned by a how ling mob.” Then on to Caracas, cap ita l o f o il-r ich , poor-people Venezuela. The rocks th ro w n got as b ig as melons; M r. N ix ­on’s lim ousine was attacked; the “ angry m ob” attem pted to over­tu rn it, o r to drag' the V ice P resident ou t in to the street. Its w indow s shattered, sp it- bedecked, the car “ jum ped the curb and escaped in the t ra f­fic.” L a te r th a t day, the A rm y o f Venezuela broke up demon­strations “ w ith bayonets and tear gas.” Then Yankee Marines and paratroopers were d is­patched to Caribbean bases.

S ixteen m onths la ter, in Oc­tober 1959, le ft-w in g students in Buenos A ires b it te r ly p ro ­tested Yankee assistance to A rgen tina ’s na tiona l u n ive rs i­ties; they forced a suspension o f the program in the schools o f economics and in engineer­ing. A nd there have been m any more such incidents, some re ­ported, others not.

Then in the spring and sum­m er o f 1960 the results o f w ha t you are doing and w ha t you ’re leaving undone re a lly began to show up — dram atica lly , v io ­len tly , as a series o f l it t le catastrophes fo r Yankeedom abroad.

In Turkey, student rio ts led to a m ilita ry ju n ta ; i t took over the state, w h ich before was run by C om m unist-C onta iner Men- deres. He’s gone now.

On Taiwan, the e ight m illio n Taiwanese under the heel of y o u r Am erican-im posed d ic ta ­tor, C hiang Kai-shek, w ith his tw o m illio n Chinese, grew in ­creasingly restive. He’s s t i l l there.

On O kinaw a — one o f the Yankee m ilita ry bases around the w o rld — the people got th e ir firs t chance since W orld W ar I I ended to demonstrate against the Yankee; and some students took tha t chance, snake-dancing and chanting ang rily , “ Go home, go home,” to you r v is it in g President. B u t don’t w o rry — tw e lve thousand Yankee troops easily handled the genera lly g ra te fu l crowd, and the President got to the a ir ­po rt in a helicopter.

In Japan weeks o f student r io tin g succeeded in re jec ting you r P resident’s v is it, jeopard­ized a new Yankee trea ty, and displaced the big-business pro- Yankee P rim e M in is te r K ish i.

T ha t’s no t the complete lis t,

Read It for YourselfThe press said F ide l Castro

ranted and raved in his fou r- hour speech a t the U nited N a­tions.

That was because he ex ­p la ined W a ll S treet’s role in Cuba and L a tin A m erica and because he to ld w ha t the re v ­o lu tion is doing fo r Cuba and w ha t should be done to com­bat the colonialists and w ar- makers on a w o rld scale.

N ow ava ilab le in English, you can find out fo r yourse lf w ha t Castro’s speeches are re a lly like . A first-class item fo r tha t fr ie n d who wants to know the tru th about Cuba. O n ly 25 cents.' P IO NEER PUBLISH ER S

116 U n ive rs ity Place N ew Y ork 3, N. Y.

Just Published

THE TR U TH A B O U T CUB A

By Joseph Hansen“ The Cuban revo lu tion is an event o f m a jo r significance

in N orth as w e ll as South Am erica . . . The rise in fea r among the reactionary p rope rty -ho ld ing classes is registered in the preoccupation o f the cap ita lis t press and the State D epartm ent over the ‘menace’ th a t has appeared on the t in y is land in the Caribbean. In contrast, the rise in hope among the w orkers and peasants th roughou t L a tin Am erica is v is ib le in constant trade- un ion resolutions and popular dem onstrations in support « f Cuba.” Joseph Hansen, ed ito r o f the M ilita n t, te lls the story o f th a t revo lu tion in th is in fo rm a tive new pam phlet p rev iously serialized in the M ilita n t. 25 cents per copy.

P IO N E E R P U B L IS H E R S

116 U n ivers ity Place, N ew Y o rk 3, N .Y .

bu t maybe i t w i l l show you w hat w e’re try in g to te ll you.

B u t w hy are we b lam ing you fo r a ll this? Because o f you r power, firs t o f a ll, as w e’ve a l­ready said. W ith such power as you have, i f you do not act, you are acting. Don’t you see that? A nd you d idn ’t act, Yankee. A nd because o f that, now you are the m ain ta rge t o f th is troub le and o f th is hate. A ll those tens o f m illio n s o f people, they d idn ’t ju s t happen to p ick on Yankees. They had some reasons, maybe w rong reasons— some o f them — b u t do you even know w h a t th e ir reasons were? Have you ever tr ied to find them out? A re you t r y ­ing to answer them, to speak to th e ir condition?

B u t you m igh t now be saying to yourse lf: “ W ell, maybe so, bu t anyw ay th a t’s a ll over now ; i t w i l l a ll go away; and be­sides, a ll th a t’s w ay over there in Asia.”

T ha t’s being p rov inc ia l, Y an ­kee. You m ust know th a t— w ith a ll you r airp lanes and tourism .

B u t how ever th a t m ay be, you can’t shrug Cuba o ff like tha t! I t ’s less than a hundred m iles from the Keys o f F lo rida ; and fo r over s ix ty years a t least i t

has ce rta in ly been closely enough tied up w ith Yankee ac­tio n and Yankee inaction.

Tom orrow the re tu rns fro m w ha t you do and w ha t you fa i l to do, everyw here in the hun- g ry -na tion bloc, w i l l be even m ore evident. B u t w i l l they be obvious enough to d is tract you fro m the energetic p u rsu it o f you r p riva te affairs? T h a t’s a rea l question fo r us L a tin Americans. I t ’s a question fo r a ll Am ericans in the W estern Hemisphere.

I t ’s also a question about w o rld h is to ry — today and to ­m orrow — a w o rld h is to ry o f w h ich we are a ll a part, w he ther we w an t to be or not. W hat they are saying in the hung ry nations, in the slum countries o f the w orld , is th a t the r ic h Yankees pay a tten tion on ly to m oney and to violence. A nd i f you don’t have the money, then a ll you ’ve got le ft is the v io ­lence. W ell, isn’t th a t so? In the meantim e, you ’ve sure ly be­gun to realize th a t th ings are no t under the o ld easy contro l. Y o u r coun try — and so you, too, i f i t is yo u r coun try any m ore — is becoming the target o f a w o rld hate such as easy­going Yankees have never dreamed of.

A d v e rt is e m e n t A d v e rt is e m e n t

Xmas Book ListT H E P O W E R E L IT E , b y C.

W r ig h t M ills . A s tu d y o f the s t ru c ­tu re o f o u r so c ie ty . P aper, specia l $ 1.

T H E B E N D IN G CROSS, b y R »yG inge r. A b io g ra p h y o f Eugene V . Debs. C lo th . $1.75.

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R EASO N A N D R E V O L U T IO N , b yH e rb e r t M a rcuse . H ege l and the r ise o f so c ia l th e o ry . Paper, $2.45.

B L A C K M OSES, b y C ronon. B io ­g ra p h y o f M a rcus G a rvey. P aper, $1.95.

N E W L IG H T O N T H E M O S T A N C IE N T E A S T , b y V . G ordon C h ilde . Paper. $1.95.

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E N G E LS AS M IL IT A R Y C R IT IC . A r t ic le s o f th e 1860’ s, in c lu d in g m a te r ia l on th e h is to ry o f tHe r if le , the French a rm y , and c iv i l w a r in th e U n ite d S ta tes. C lo th , $4.50.

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M A X IM G O R K Y ON L IT E R A ­T U R E . G o rk y w r ite s a b o u t h is l i t ­e ra ry experiences. Inc ludes p o r ­t r a i ts o f A n to n C hekhov and o the rs . C lo th , $1.70.

F A IL U R E O F A R E V O L U T IO N ,b y R u d o lf C oper. S to ry ' o f the even ts in G erm any between N o v ­em ber 1918 a nd M a rc h 1919. C lo th , $ 1.

S A M A D A M S , P IO N E E R IN P R O P A G A N D A , b y John C. M ille r . A fine s tu d y o f th e m a in p o li t ic a l o rg a n iz e r o f th e A m e ric a n R e v o lu ­tio n . C lo th .. $7.50.

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x Paoil M . Sweezy. A th o u g h t-p ro v o k ­in g re p o r t b y the e d ito rs o f the M o n th ly R eview a fte r a firs t-h a n d s tu d y o f the trem endous a cco m p ­lish m e n ts o f th e new C uban gov- ve rn m e n t. C lo th . $3.50.

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T IO N . C lo th . Specia l $2.49; ‘paper,$1.50.

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T R O T S K Y ’S D IA R Y IN E X IL E : 1935. R em arkab le pages jo t te d w h ile th e a t ith o r w as u n d e r v i r tu a l house a rre s t in F rance. C lo th , $4.

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fa c t io n headed b y Shachtm am and B u rnham . A m u s t fo r s tu d e n ts o f

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b y F re d e r ic k E nge ls . C lo th $1.50.

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PIONEER PUBLISHERS116 U n ivers ity P I. N ew Y o rk 3. N . Y .

Don’t Care What Label You Put on Revolution

B u t fo r now, the overw he lm ­ing fac t we th in k you ought to bear in m ind is tha t our revo lu ­tion is faster, deeper, and stronger than any th ing the Com m unist P a rty can accom­plish today or tom orrow .

As we w rite th is to you, i t occurs to us tha t you may be th in k in g : “ W ell, maybe a ll th a t’s so, about the actual Communist P a rty in Cuba. B u t so what? Y ou r revo lu tion itse lf, isn ’t it, a fte r a ll, ‘C om m unist’?”

O ur answer is th a t the ques­tion is a m atte r o f w ha t words you w ant to use! We don’t care w ha t words you use. We’re t r y ­ing to te ll you as fra n k ly and honestly as we can w ha t i t ’s actua lly lik e in Cuba today and w ha t we’re actua lly doing. I f you w an t to ca ll i t “ comm unist,” w e ll, th a t’s okay w ith us. We don’t rea lly care i f you are too lazy to study the varie ties of l e f t - w i n g governments and movements in the w o rld today.

On the other hand, i f you ’re seriously interested, we can te ll you th is : Inso fa r as we are M a rx is t or le ftis t (o r com­munist, i f you w il l) in our revo lu tiona ry developm ent and thought, i t is not due to any p rio r com m itm ent to any ideology. I t is because o f our own development. T ha t is true in general and i t is tru e in de­ta il. For example, we Cuban revo lu tionaries read Mao Tse- tung on gu e rr illa w arfa re a fte r we’d been in the h ills — and then we knew th a t the m ilita ry and economic w ay o f our insu r­rection against Batista had many s im ila rities to Mao Tse-tung’s figh t in China.

A nd we’ve already to ld you about our an ti-S ta lin economic pattern.

Just now we are beginning

to look in to the w hole va rie ty of M arx is t developments; there ’s not ju s t one, you know . And they do interest some o f us greatly. We’re interested in a ll k inds o f ideas fo r constructing our Cuban society.

We’re m aking a revo lu tion to solve the problems of the Cuban people. I f our' w ay of solving them, at th is po in t or at th a t point, tu rns out to be s im ila r to the solutions o f other peoples —any peoples in the w o rld — we ce rta in ly don’t care.

We’re practica l men, not theorists — although some of us are ge tting more and more in ­terested in theories, and when w e’ve the tim e, w e’re studying them now. Send us a few prac­tica l theories, Yankees: we’l l s tudy them . B u t do you have any such theories? We’ve not got tim e fo r crackpot stuff, you know, b u t i f you ’ve any w o rk ­able ideas fo r people l ik e us— send them along. We’l l study them.

Monday, December 5, 1960 T H E M I L I T A N T Page Three

S u b s c r ip t io n : $3 a y e a r; Ca­n ad ian , 53.50; fo re ig n , $4.50. t h e MILITANT Second c lass postage p a id

a t New Y o rk , N. Y .

E d ito r : JO S E P H H A N S E N M a n a g in g E d ito r : D A N IE L R O BER TS Business M a na g e r: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y P ub lish ed w eekly , excep t fro m J u ly 11 to Sept. 5 w hen p u b lishe d b iw e e k ly , by th e M i l i ta n t P u b lis h in g Assn., 116 U n iv e rs ity P I., New Y o rk 3, N .Y . Phone C H 3-2140.S igned a r t ic le s b y c o n tr ib u to rs do n o t n ece ssa rily rep resen t the M i l i ta n t ’s po lic ie s . These are expressed In e d ito r ia ls .

Vol. X X IV — No. 44 M onday, December 5, 1960

Logic of Gunboat DiplomacyA lead a rtic le in the Nov. 19 C hris tian

Science M o n ito r explains w h y U.S. gun­boats were sent in to Caribbean waters in a bellicose d isplay of force against Cuba and w h y the gunboats are lik e ly to con­tinue p ro w lin g in the area even i f the s itua tion quiets down in N icaragua and Guatemala, the tw o countries w h ich the Pentagon claims i t is pro tecting from an alleged th rea t o f Cuban “ invasion.”

The M o n ito r ’s exp lanation — w h ich closely fo llow s State D epartm ent p ro ­nouncements and propaganda handouts — provides food fo r thought.

The naval action was triggered, says the M on ito r, by “ a huge arsenal o f Soviet arms w eigh ing 26,000 tons” assertedly be­ing “ dum ped” in Cuba. (W ho d id the w eigh ing is not disclosed.)

Therefore, the paper states, U.S. forces understandably w i l l rem ain on pa tro l be­cause the Cuban governm ent “ has acquired m ore arms than i t needs fo r domestic reasons.”

We assume th a t ne ithe r the M o n ito r n o r the State D epartm ent is prepared to p u b lic ly champion a double standard in in te rna tion a l relations. L e t’s assume then, tha t the U.S. has fu l l m ora l r ig h t to send gunboats in to waters near Cuba i f tha t coun try has an arsenal o f arms greater than i t needs fo r “ domestic reasons.”

The same logic and m o ra lity compels us to go a step fu rthe r.

The U.S. governm ent is spending more than $40 b illio n a year fo r armaments.

I t has a fleet of planes, laden w ith nuclear bombs, in the a ir on a continuous 24-hour a lert.

I t has nuclear submarines ca rry ing hydrogen missiles w ith tw ice the fire power o f a ll the bombs exploded in W orld W ar I I . W ith in a few years i t ‘hopes to have 13 more such submarines in action.

I t has troops or m issile bases on every continent.

I t has a nuclear stockpile su ffic ien t to “ o v e rk ill” the w o rld ’s popula tion 50 times.

I t has stockpiles o f deadly gases and even deadlier germs probab ly capable o f o v e rk illin g hum an ity another 50 times i f no t more.

H ow m any m illio n s o f tons th is t ru ly huge arsenal weighs, we don’t know . B u t we are qu ite certa in th a t the w e igh t is

‘ fa r beyond anyth ing needed fo r “ domestic reasons.”

So — by State D epartm ent logic — isn ’t every coun try concerned about w o rld peace en titled to surround our coasts w ith a ll the gunboats they can muster?

O f course there is a sane a lte rna tive to th is logic of madmen and m o ra lity of m urderers and tha t is to re fra in from gun­boat diplom acy.

B u t a tu rn in th a t d irection is not in the cards w h ile W a ll S treet runs the coun­try . Th is w o rld w i l l not be able to count on enduring peace u n t il A m erica ’s workers and fa rm ers pu t th e ir own governm ent in W ashington.

Cure for AurophiliaThe recent spurt o f a c tiv ity in the

London gold m arke t by speculators who b id up the price of gold beyond the m a x i­m um of $35 an ounce set by W ashington has sent a trem or of apprehension through w o rld banking and financia l circles. The inc iden t served to spo tligh t a decline in the once pre-em inent and seem ingly im ­pregnable position of the A m erican do lla r in the money m arkets of the w orld .

The crisis has been diagnosed by the experts as due to the unfavorab le balance o f payments account between the U nited States and o ther w o rld powers. This has resulted in a “ gold leak” .w h ich, according to the pundits, threatens to underm ine the position of the do lla r. A m a jo r co lum nist of the New Y o rk Times, C. L. Sulzberger, diagnoses the disease as “ auroph ilia ,” w h ich lite ra lly means “ gold hemorrhage.”

Sulzberger commends Eisenhower fo r m oving q u ick ly “ to p lug the gold leak.” One o f the measures taken by the Eisen­hower adm in is tra tion was an order-issued

to his m ilita ry commanders th a t hereafter dependents of those serving in the armed forces abroad are to rem ain at home. This measure, i t is claimed, w i l l sharp ly reduce the huge do lla r expend iture fo r goods and services abroad by dependents o f men serving overseas.

“ H ow ever,” says Sulzberger, “ w ith g rim po litica l realism the A dm in is tra tion re fra ined from doing th is before Election Day. U n w illin g bachelors,” Sulzberger adds, “ are u n lik e ly to vote fo r the party, th a t orders out the w ife and kidd ies.”

Now tha t the election is over, have the cap ita lis t po litic ians decided th a t they don’t need to deceive the Am erican people about our au roph ilia any longer?

I f keeping at home the dependents of those serving in the armed forces abroad w i l l help tie up those arteries and restore the U n ited States to financia l health, how much more effective i t w ould be i f a ll Am erican troops overseas were brought home at once.

The UN Lines Up on the CongoThe h is to ry of U n ited Nations m ilita ry

excursions, from the Korean adventure to the cu rren t in te rven tion in the Congo, has . not been a happy one. Because the U N is based on the fic tion tha t i t is an im pa r­t ia l agency, every serious d ispute in v o lv ­ing the m ateria l interests of the dom inant w o rld powers q u ick ly dispels the illu s io n of. “ n e u tra lity ” w ith w h ich it . cloaks its operations.

The U n ited Nations sent m ilita ry forces in to the Congo upon the in v ita tio n of the then acting p rem ier Patrice L u ­mumba. I t d id so w ith the approval o f the m a jo r powers in the U N inc lud ing both the Soviet U n ion and the U nited States. O n ly the Belgian im peria lis ts ob­jected. A lth o u g h they had “ granted” the Congolese th e ir independence the Belgian colonia lists were determ ined to m a in ta in th e ir p riv ileged position especially in Katanga province, the richest in a ll the Congo.

Lum um ba sought U N in te rven tion to safeguard the independence and nationa l u n ity o f the new ly, established A fr ic a n state from the m achinations of its fo rm er Belg ian overlords. Because co lon ia l im ­peria lism in A fr ic a wore a w h ite skin and w hite-sk inned troops were a sym bol of oppression, the U n ited Nations recru ited colored troops to ca rry out its mission. I t was boasted th a t the U N w ou ld be estab­lished in the eyes of the new ly awakened freedom fighters in A fr ic a as a champion o f the sm all and weak nations against the large and pow erfu l, of the oppressed against th e ir oppressors, of the explo ited against th e ir explo iters.

However, the Belgians and th e ir pup­pets who had been d riven out of the coun­t r y began re tu rn in g under pro tection of the U N m ilita ry forces. A n d the new ly elected Congolese governm ent o ffic ia ls were subm itted to tremendous pressure to line up in the cold w a r on the side of the “ free w o r ld ” — w h ich includes, o f course, the Belgian colonialists.

W hen the d u ly elected prem ier, Pa trice Lum um ba, proved reca lc itran t he was sum m arily removed from office by p ro -U n ited States president Kasavubu. In a fu r th e r move, Col. M obu tu sought to

establish d ic ta to ria l con tro l th rough an a rm y coup.

One of the firs t acts of the reactionary M obutu-Kasavubu team was to demon­strate th e ir p ro -im peria lis t o rien ta tion by ordering a ll Soviet representatives out of the country.

Moscow’s response to th is was v ig o r­ous cham pionship of Lum um ba ’s cause in the U n ited Nations. Khrushchev exposed the pro-Belg ian and pro-Am erican bias of the U n ited Nations in te rven tion and de­manded the resignation of Ham m arskjö ld .

The neu tra l nations, inc lud ing Ind ia , gave va ry in g degrees o f support to th is campaign and H am m arsk jö ld h im se lf be­gan to s h ift ground. A U n ited Nations com­m ission subm itted a scathing c ritic ism of M obu tu and blamed the Belgians fo r the continued tu rm o il in the Congo. The com­m ission favored the im m ediate reca ll of the elected parliam ent and the establish­m ent of a dem ocratic regime. I t opposed the ousting of Lum um ba.

A t th is po in t the U n ited States openly in tervened in the U n ited Nations to block these moves and th ro w its enormous w e igh t behind Kasavubu as U N delegate from the Congo. M any of the new ly in ­dependent nations of A fr ic a and Asia strenuously objected to th is power p lay in beha lf o f colonia lism in the Congo, bu t they could not outvote the f is tfu l of satel­lite votes at the disposal of the Am erican delegation.

Apropos o f th is inc ident, the U n ited Nations correspondent of the C hris tian Science M on ito r, w rites : “ One w ay of v iew ing the 53-to-24 vote by w h ich the Assem bly accepted M r. Kasavubu’s cre­dentia ls Nov. 22 is tha t the U n ited States has demonstrated its power fo r the benefit o f Ghana and Guinea,” tw o A fr ica n states who s trong ly opposed the Kasavubu- M obotu m ilita ry d ictatorship.

W hat the U n ited States demonstrated on Nov. 22 fo r the benefit of a ll o f A fr ica and the w orld , was not on ly “ its pow er” to have its puppets seated in the U N bu t its a b ility to make the U n ited Nations ju m p th rough the hoop when Uncle Sam cracks the w h ip . We tru s t th a t the lesson w i l l not be lost on the e rs tw h ile colon ia l peoples o f A fr ica , Asia and L a tin Am erica.

Growth of the Dollar EmpireBy Tom. Kem p

H u ll. EnglandThe last ten years have seen

a great and unprecedented grow th in the d o lla r empire th roughout the w orld . Fo llow ing on the great ou tflow o f dollars w hich, as M arshall aid and m i l i ­ta ry expenditure and “ defense” aid, helped to restore the s tr ic k ­en countries of the cap ita lis t w o rld a fte r the Second W orld W ar came a great ou tpouring of p riva te lending. Both corre­sponded to the new role w'hich the U nited States had assumed as the m ain support o f the cap­ita lis t w o rld economy, its chief c red ito r and mentor.

I t is the la tte r about w hich too l it t le is know n bu t upon w hich o ffic ia l figures tucked away in business periodicals th ro w a great deal o f ligh t.

The fu lle s t and most recent sta tistica l p ic tu re has been p ro ­vided in the U.S. D epartm ent of Commerce publication, “ Survey o f C u rren t Business,” fo r Sept. 1960. R eview ing the g row th in p riva te lend ing in recent years i t notes, in pa rticu la r, tha t “ the pace at w h ich U n ited States firm s have raised th e ir fo re ign investments since 1955, has greatly exceeded lhat of any ex­tended prior period." (M y em­phasis.)

The m ain s ign ificant figures are summ arized in the accom­panying ta ijle .Tw o things should be noted. F irs t, the figures are estimates in certa in cases. Sec­ond, and th is is more im portant, a ll figures on fo re ign investm ent g iven in o ffic ia l sources are un ­derestimates.

The element of -underesti­mation., taking the actual cur­rent value of the assets, unre­corded increases in invest­ment, etc., can, in the case of private investment, be quite large. We could probably add at least another $10 billion and not be overdoing it.

Economists have paid especi­a lly close a ttention to the rapid g row th in d irect investm ent abroad in U n ited Stat<?s-owned firm s and subsidiaries (J. H. D unning, “ U nited States O ver­seas Investm ent and European Economic In tegra tion ,” National P rov inc ia l Bank Review, May, 1960; B. Thomas, “ Recent Trends in Am erican Investm ent in Western Europe,” The Three Banks Review, Sept., 1960.)

Ford PurchaseThis fo rm o f investm ent has

been h igh ligh ted recently by the take-over by Ford of De­tro it o f the B ritish -h e ld shares in th e ir Dagenham subsidiary. The Ford stake overseas, like th a t o f m any another Am erican firm , is o f old standing. B u t such veterans have been greatly- adding to th e ir overseas stake and newcomers are constantly ven tu ring in to fo re ign fields. Am erican capital now operates on a w o rld scale as a d irec t em­ployer, and thence exp lo iter, of fo re ign labor.

The massive scale of its op­erations can be judged from the fact that as of 1957 it em­ployed, outside the frontiers of the United States, an in ­dustrial labor force some three million strong — only the big­gest capitalist countries have an industrial proletariat lhat big.

A bout one m illio n o f these workers are to be found in W est­ern Europe, and almost another m illio n in L a tin Am erica ( in ­c lud ing w orkers not s tr ic t ly in ­dustria l). Wages paid ou t in 1957 — according to in fo rm a tion supplied by the businesses con­cerned — amounted to about $7 b illio n . A bou t one-tenth o f the employees were Am erican c it i­zens, though they occupied ten per cent o f the h igher posts.

Juicy ProfitsTota l ou tpu t o f Am erican en­

terprises was in the region of $32 b illio n , and about one-tenth was m arketed in the U nited States m arket itse lf. Profits, i f the firm s are to be believed, ran a t $3.3 b illio n . A bou t one-th ird o f th is was accumulated and in ­vested in the firm s concerned, the rest was repatria ted as the cu t of A m erican capitalists.

A t the same tim e, these capi­ta lists, o r others, sent out rough­ly the same am ount as new in ­vestment, appearing in the ba l­ance o f payments as such and representing fresh cap ita l ex­ports.

These figures, be i t rem em ber­ed, were fo r 1957; since then the ra te o f g row th has been very rapid, especially in m anufactur­ing in dus try in G erm any — in ­side the Common M arke t — and the U n ited K ingdom , leader o f the “ O uter Seven." (“ Have a finger in every pie,” seems to be a good business m otto in A m er­ica.) , I t is s t i l l going on as the Ford take-over shows.

Shift to ManufacturingAs noted, d irect investm ent in

m anu factu ring has been . the outstanding recent trend. New petro leum investm ent has fa l l ­en off and has been discouraged by the state o f o il prices, w h ile pro fits on U.S. m anufacturing overseas jum ped 20 percent in 1959 in line w ith the boom then proceeding in Europe and o ther m anu factu ring areas.

Indeed, investm ent and rein-

U.S. Investments AbroadPrivate Investment >in Billions of Dollars

Direct investment by U.S. firms and subsidiaries

Other long-time (portfolio, banks, etc.) Short term

TotalGovernment investment

Total all U.S. overseas investment

ISSO

$11.788

1959

$29.73511.4173.623

44.77520.004

$64.779

vestm ent have responded to p ro fit opportun ities and th is has governed the d is tr ib u tio n by in ­dus try and by area as w e ll as re flec ting the needs o f the U.S. economy itse lf and various po­lit ic a l and economic factors w h ich w il l not be entered in to here.

Besides m anufacturing, w hich accounts fo r about tw o -fifths of Am erican fo re ign investment, there are investments in pe tro l­eum — M idd le East and Vene­zuela; m in in g — Canada, B o liv ­ia, A frica ; ag ricu ltu re — espec­ia lly in L a tin Am erica: and transporta tion, finance and u t i l ­ities in m any countries.

P riva te long-term investm ent through ho ld ing o f stock in fo r ­eign concerns amounts to nearly $11.5 b illio n w h ich is a sizeable sum in its ow n r ig h t and is con­tin u a lly being added to; i t cov­ers a w ide geographical and in ­dustria l spread.

The big American firms w h i c h dominate American business are often already household words in other countries too, or are becoming such.They partic ipa te w ith Ind ian

capita l p rovided by the govern­m ent in enterprises set up under the plans as w e ll as operating p riva te ly fo r the home m arket. In te rna tiona l Business Machines provides equipm ent made in France fo r the atom bomb ex­ploded in the Sahara Desert. Am erican detergent firm s con­test w ith some success the hold o f o ld established B ritish com­bines on the domestic cleanser m arket. A m erican capita l builds sewing machines in Japan fo r sale in the U.S. m arket and is in te rtw ined w ith B ritish and South A frica n capita l in some of the biggest m in ing enterprises on the A frican continent.

These are on ly some o f the ways in w h ich the Am erican capita l stake in the w o rld comes to the atten tion o f foreigners. O ver a w ide range o f the newer type o f consumer goods, fo r ex­ample, Am erican names are p rom inent in a ll the advanced countries, and some o f the others, w here they do not actu­a lly dom inate the field.

A leading expert on Am erican investm ent in indus try sums up the position as fo llow s: “ be­tween one-quarter and one-th ird o f the 500 largest U n ited States business corporations had sub­s tan tia l fo re ign investments at the end o f 1959. In not a few cases the profits earned by such operations are as high or higher than those earned at home. . .” (D unning, J. H., op. c it. p. 10. M y emphasis.)

Foreign Competition?

Some firm s, indeed, have though t fit, not on ly to run m anufacturing plants abroad bu t to cease m anufactu ring some o f th e ir products in the U nited States altogether, supp ly ing the m arket w ith the ou tpu t o f th e ir fo re ign factories. Such plants no t on ly tu rn out about fo u r times as much as is exported in m anufactures from the U nited States, they also provide a ju m p ­ing o ff ground from w hich Am erican cap ita l can increase its share o f w o rld m arket.

To consider the U n ited K in g ­dom alone, about terl per cent o f her exports come frorp firm s w h ich are w h o lly o r substanti­a lly Am erican owned.

As a rich , capita l-satiated economy, becoming short on w ide investm ent opportun ities in the 1950’s, the U n ited States sought p ro fitab le outlets fo r in ­vestm ent w herever they could be found. I t is true tha t cap ita l exports on ly am ount to one- tw en tie th o f domestic capita l fo rm ation , according to D un­ning, whereas in the heyday of capita l export from B rita in and

Seek Freedom For Glezos

NEW YO R K — The Greek- Am erican Com m ittee to Free Glezos demonstrated in fro n t o f the Greek Consulate here Nov. 19.

The demonstrators demanded freedom fo r Emmanuel Glezos. E d ito r o f the Greek w o rk ing - class paper, “ The D aw n.” Glezos was ra ilroaded to prison in 1958 fo r seven years on a charge of co llaborating w ith “ com m unist” organizations. A c iv ilian , he was tr ied by a m ilita ry tr ibuna l.

George R. S tryker, co-ordina- to r o f the committee, said a pe tition campaign w ou ld be launched here fo r Glezos’ free ­dom. He said 12,500 had signed a s im ila r p e titio n in Athens in a single day.

France before 1914 the ra tio was one-half to tw o-th irds.

That marks off not only a difference between American capitalism and those of the mature capitalisms of the early twentieth century, but a change in the world economy as a whole.The im po rtan t th in g is no t the

re la tive size o f the tw o figures, bu t the fact th k t th is investm ent by A m erican capita lism is o f qu ite v ita l significance now fo r the func tion ing o f the p ro fit system. A long w ith o ther outlets fo r capita l, i t is a v ita l sustain­ing force in the economy; at the same tim e i t gives Am erican cap ita lism a g lobal stake w hich is threatened by the spread o f social revo lu tion and drives i t headlong in defense o f the “ Free W orld ” w ith in w h ich these in ­vestments are safe and can fru c tify .

To be noted, too, is the role w h ich governm ent plays in the process at m any levels, in c lud ­ing tha t o f a p rov ide r o f capital. The im portance o f the o ther ad­vanced cap ita lis t countries as investm ent fields, and the es­tab lishm ent in them o f enter­prises w h ich serve the home m arket also differs fro m the “ classic” p ic tu re o f pre-1914 European capita l exports.

Such questions as these de­serve carefu l a tten tion and study. B u t i t cannot be said, on the basis o f the know n facts, tha t Am erican cap ita lism is basically d iffe ren t: i t m ust e x ­po rt capita l, and earnings on cap ita l held overseas contribu te an im portan t frac tion to the to ta l f lo w o f surplus value to the Am erican cap ita lis t class, assisting them in s tr iv in g to consolidate th e ir power in the cap ita lis t w o rld m arket.

I f we look merely at the motivations of the individual

American business, expert enquiries show conclusively lhat what draws direct invest­ment abroad is the lower unit labor costs to be found there, which depend, in turn upon lower wages.

Average wages and salaries over the w hole labor force seem to come out a t no t much more than $2,000 annually , w h ich m ust disguise m any cases where wages w il l be lower.

In d u s tria l wages in Am erican enterprises in the U n ited K in g ­dom appear to be about one- th ird tha t in the parent plants, on an h o u rly basis. In other countries the ra tio m ust be a good deal less.

O f course, u n it costs do not necessarily correspond w i t h wages, b u t an enqu iry unde r­taken by the N ationa l In d u s tria l Conference Board showed tha t “ u n it labor costs w ere low er than in the U n ited States in the vast m a jo r ity o f cases in E u r­opean countries.” (Thomas, op. c it. p. 11.)

The same enqu iry “ revealed th a t in 82.6 per cent o f the cases U n ited K i n g d o m production costs were low er o r the same as U n ited States costs,” w h ile D un­n ing ’s ow n survey showed 85 per. cent. (D unning, op. cit. p. 12.)

A survey made by an econo­m is t o f the U n ive rs ity o f Ill in o is on investm ent in West G erm any showed tha t fo r “ tw o -th irds o f the reporting firm s . . . th e ir earnings in G erm any were equal to o r greater than the p ro fit on s im ila r production in the U nited States.” (Quoted in Thomas, op. cit. p. 13.)

This is on ly a b r ie f survey of a vast and com plex set o f p rob ­lems o f a p o lit ica l and economic character. They are, however, o f great a c tua lity in understand­ing the ro le and behavior of Am erican capita lism in the m od­ern w orld . Tha t ro le is not a l­ways played w ith assurance and the behavior w h ich accompanies i t reveals serious weaknesses.

One resu lt o f this, at the pres­ent time, is the continuous loss o f gold, the th rea t o f do lla r de­va lua tion and the po licy d ilem ­mas w hich have arisen there ­from . I t is w o rth no ting tha t Am erican overseas investm ent makes an im portan t con tribu tion to th is problem.

For one th ing , as the “ Survey o f C u rren t Business” points out, “ add itiona l m a rke ting d iff ic u l­

ties are m et fo r com peting U n it­ed States exports” — a po in t w h ich is sometimes overlooked by those whose rem edy fo r the d o lla r d ra in is expo rt more — and “ a t least tem po ra rily , the accelerated g row th o f m anufac­tu r in g fac ilitie s abroad by U n it­ed States companies, especially in the advanced countries, adds to the problems o f adjustm ent in the U n ited States in te rna tiona l balance o f payments.”

I t is do u b tfu l w he ther e ithe r the big firm s or the banks w ill, o r can, reduce th e ir overseas in ­vestm ent as long as general con­d itions, as reflected in th e ir ba l­ance sheets, seem to recommend it. In fact, recession at home, o r wage claims from A m erican workers, m ay add to th e ir desire to cash in on cheaper labor and more ra p id ly g row ing m arkets abroad — th a t is, i f w ha t is in prospect is not an in te rna tiona l recession w h ich could change the com plexion o f the w hole problem ve ry considerably.

CP Expels Bittelman

A lexander B itte lm an, one o f the found ing leaders o f the Com m unist p a rty who la te r be­came a “ theore tica l” apologist fo r the po litics and crimes o f S ta lin ism , has been expelled from the pa rty fo r a id ing “ a n ti­pa rty revisionists.” •

B itte lm an said he f irs t learned o f his ouster from the Nov. 24 issue o f the p a rty ’s Y idd ish -lan - guage <, paper, F re ihe it, w h ich said he was voted ou t by the N ew Y o rk CP’s Westchester C lub on instructions from the nationa l secretariat.

The action, reported ly, was precip ita ted by B itte lm an 's pub­lica tio n last summ er o f a book called “ A C om m unist V iews A m erica ’s Fu tu re .” The w o rk is an elaboration o f a 12-insta ll­m ent series he w ro te fo r the D a ily W orker in 1957 entitled , “ I Take a Fresh Look.”

The series was apparently ac­ceptable to the pa rty tops at tha t tim e, p a rtic u la rly since i t sought to convince the m em ­bers of the then crisis-racked organization tha t Khrushchev’s sensational 1956 revelations o f the crimes o f S ta lin had no seri­ous re la tionsh ip to the problems o f the A m erican party.

In Other Lands

Student Revolt Spreads in HaitiDictator Expels Catholic Primate

A student re vo lt in H a it i p re­c ip ita ted a m a jo r p o lit ica l crisis fo r the d ic ta to ria l regim e of P resident Francois D uva lie r. On Nov. 22 the students w en t on s tr ike demanding the release from ja i l o f the Treasurer of the N ationa l U nion o f H a itian Students, Joseph Roney; and a num ber of o ther college stu ­dents or th e ir im m ediate tr ia l.

G o v e r n m e n t offic ia ls de­nounced the s tr ike as “ Com­m un is t-insp ired ” and illega l. President D u va lie r declared m a rtia l lav/ (the people o f H a it i have lived under “ a state o f siege” fo r over tw o years), dissolved the student organiza­tions and ordered them to re ­tu rn to classes or be expelled. The governm ent then advanced Christmas holidays 23 days to avoid a showdown on the threat.

On Nov.. 25 A rchbishop Francois P o irie r, C atholic p r i­mate o f H a iti, was expelled, charged w ith g iv ing Com m unist students $7,000 to help them overth row D uva lie r. This charge was la te r revised. The govern­m ent now claims the arch­bishop backed a Catholic s tu ­dent group tha t ac tive ly sup­ported the “ C om m unist-in- spired” strike.

The governm ent issued a com m unique Nov. 27 announc­ing a shake-up o f D u va lie r’s general staff and the adm in is­tra tio n o f the N ational Bank of H a iti. A C atho lic newspaper was ordered/ to pub lish on ly o f­fic ia l _ governm ent bu lle tins on the p o lit ica l crisis. The Associa­tion o f Labor Unions is rum ored preparing a general s tr ike to protest the arrest o f student leaders.

Center Party Loses In Japanese V o te

Japanese conservatives con­solidated th e ir regime in the re ­cent elections w hen the L ib e ra l- Dem ocratic party , headed by Prem ier Hayota Ikeda, w on 296 seats in parliam ent ou t o f 467. This represented a gain o f 13 seats. The Socialist pa rty , how ­ever, supported by unionists and m ilita n t students, also won sig­n ifica n t gains. T he ir representa­tion in parliam ent increased fro m 122 to 145.

The Dem ocratic S o c i a l i s t pa rty , a r ig h t-w in g sp lit-o ff from the Socia list pa rty , dropped

from 40 to 17 seats. Asahi, the leading Japanese newspaper, commented e d ito r ia lly th a t the swam ping o f the Dem ocratic So­c ia lis t pa rty confirm ed Japa­nese abhorrence o f a “ m idd le- o f-the-road” po licy.

The | C om m unist p a rty in ­creased its seats fro m one to three. A ll Japan’s oppositional parties combined w on 36% o f the to ta l votes cast.

Union President Imprisoned in Chile

C lo ta rio B lest, president o f the C entra l Union o f W orkers of Chile, was im prisoned Nov. 22 in Santiago. He was charged by the governm ent w ith “ in c itin g to re vo lt and disorder w ith in ­ten t to ove rth row the govern­m ent.”

As reported in th is column last week, police attacked a mass dem onstration o f thous­ands o f w orkers and students. Three were k ille d and 3(5 wounded. B lest was among those who were wounded. H is im p ris ­onm ent is now being protested th roughout the country.

Ontario Unions Solid for New Labor Party

The recent convention of the O ntario Federation of Labor gave strong support to the Can­adian Labor Congress action in fo rm ing an independent labor party , reports the Nov. 19 issue of Labor, voice of th e -ra ilro a d brotherhoods.

The CLC, Canadian counter­pa rt o f the A F L -C IO , voted at its last convention to launch the new party in cooperation w ith the Cooperative Com m onwealth Federation. Even before the fo rm a l launching o f the new pa rty i t won a s ign ificant v ic to ry in the recent Peterborough by- election where W a lte r P ittm an, a labor sponsored candidate, defeated the Conservative and L ibe ra l candidates fo r P a rlia ­ment. The v ic to ry had added significance because the d is tr ic t was long a Conservative strong­hold.

P ittm an, w ho addressed the O ntario convention, was given a standing ovation. Labor re ­ports th a t he declared the new pa rty expresses “ a desire to find sane and log ica l solutions to our m any problems and produce a

bette r democracy fo r ourselves and our ch ild ren .”

Labor also reports: “ The con­vention delegates called fo r, among other things, a five p a rt program to combat unem ploy­ment. This includes stepped-up. investm ent in pub lic works, low - ren t housing and o ther pub lic enterprise, and ‘adoption o f dem ocratic p lann ing fo r the .country’s economic develop­m en t.’ ”

L ike the A F L -C IO o ffic ia l­dom, the CLC leaders had long been tied to cap ita lis t po litic ians who paraded as “ friends of labor.” B u t they fin a lly decided they had been sold down the r iv e r long enough by these “ friends.”

Tito Projects New Constitution

Pres. T ito announced Nov. 28 tha t Yugoslavia w il l have a new constitu tion in 1962, the th ird since the m onarchy was over­th row n.

A lthough no details were spec­ified by T ito in his speech, B e l­grade dispatches said the p ro ­jected constitu tion w ou ld fu r th ­er decentralize the adm in is tra ­tio n o f the planned economy and give s ti l l w id e r powers to the people.

I t was also reported th a t the ro le o f the Com m unist p a rty w il l be reduced in governm ent affairs.

The new constitu tion w ou ld continue the trend in Yugoslavia to reduce the absolutist power o f governm ent and to w iden the func tion o f w orkers councils and local communes.

T ito reported th a t the annu&l per capita income has now reached $360 as compared to $100 before W orld W ar II .

He said th a t the na tiona l in ­come was g row ing at the ra te of about 7 per cent a year, th a t in ­dus tria l p roduction was fo u r times the p re -w ar volume, th a t ag ricu ltu ra l p roduction was up 10 per cent and th a t educational fac ilities had increased.

T h e proposed constitu tion, T ito said, should “ p r im a rily ex­press the fact tha t the exis ting re lations in Yugoslavia re flec t the stage in socialist develop­m ent at w h ich labor is em anci­pated in the sense th a t the c it i­zen has the undeniable r ig h t to w o rk and acquire an equivalent fo r his w o rk , w h ile the com m un­ity takes the am ount necessary to m ain ta in , the common serv­ices and affa irs.”

Pago Four T H E M I L I T A N T Monday. December 5. 1960

B y Joyce Cow ley

Can a documentary picture tell ' a lie?

It can lie!W ith the truth forever more

strewn on the darkroom floor. I t can lie; it can lie; it can

lie!“ O peration A b o litio n ,” the ly ­

ing docum entary w hich students are denouncing in th is song, was made by selecting and ed iting parts o f newsreels sub­poenaed from San Francisco te levision stations by the House U n-A m erican A c tiv it ie s Com­m ittee. The film s were used w ith o u t the knowledge or per­mission o f the owners. No one knows who made “ Operation A b o lit io n ” or who financed its production and d is tribu tion . B u t three firm s are now selling i t to b ig corporations and u ltracon ­servative clubs at $100 a p rin t.

A few examples o f the “ e d it­in g ” w il l give an idea o f the dis­to rtio n in th is film . W h ile the use of police clubs on demon­strators is ca re fu lly deleted, the com m entary states th a t students induced a stroke in a policeman by knocking h im down, tha t they charged the barricades and attacked another policeman w ith his own club. We do not see any th ing in the film to cor­roborate these false statements.

The film asserts th a t attempts o f the police to ta lk to the demonstrators were m et w ith boos and jeers. This is accom­plished by sp lic ing together se­quences taken hours apart and deleting the sound track w hich w ou ld reveal the tru th .

A sound track is used when the film shows witnesses inside the hearing room. Designed to illu s tra te the “ unruliness,” th is is ac tua lly a composite sound track, made inside and outside the room.

A student com m ittee bought one o f the $100 p rin ts and is show ing i t along w ith a panel discussion o f its m isrepresenta­tions to raise money fo r the de­fense of Robert Meisenbach, the student accused o f h itt in g a cop w ith his own club.

W hen the 68 students who w ere arrested during the dem-

When Bay Area students protested a House Un-American Activities Committee witch-hunt session at San Francisco City H all last May they were attacked by cops who used clubs and fire hoses on them. The House Committee replied to public protest by charging that "Communists" had pro­voked the violence.

onstrations agreed not to sue the c ity , charges against them were dropped and they were prom ised there w ould be no police record or fu tu re d iff ic u l­ties o f any k in d because o f the ir partic ipa tion .

This summer, one student tr ie d to get a passport, fo r w hich he required a le tte r of clearance from the C ity of San Francisco. Instead o f the usual clearance, he received a le tte r lis tin g the three charges on w h i c h the students were booked.

Jane O 'Grady, a U n ive rs ity of C a lifo rn ia graduate, has lost a $2,500 in ternsh ip w ith a founda­tion “ because she became in ­

volved in a controversy.” Caro­lyn M ullen , o f San Francisco State, lost a scholarship aw ard­ed by the K iw an is Club.

Bay Area students are o r­ganizing to fig h t back — to re ­fu te the slanders against them and to explore the poss ib ility of suing the c ity , since the promise o f no record or reprisals was obviously made in bad fa ith . T he ir firs t task is to prepare the defense of Robert Meisenbach w ho goes on tr ia l in January. A na tional tou r is being planned to raise the necessary funds. C ontribu tions may be sent tc the Bay Area Students Legal A id Fund, 2317B McGee Ave.. Berke ley 2, C alif.

The American W ay of Life

Maybe It Was the Best ThingThe day a fte r a ho liday is

usua lly a scant one fo r news, so i f a good “ hum an in te rest” s to ry comes along the editors give i t the fu l l treatm ent. The N ew Y o rk papers got a w in d fa ll l ik e tha t when a destitute m other le ft tw o ch ild ren in G imbels D epartm ent Store the day before Thanksgiving.

The Times and the H erald- T ribune assigned crack feature w rite rs to the story and be­tween them they pieced to ­gether a v iv id p ic tu re o f the c r im in a lly negligent society we liv e in.

E ileen Weiss, 29, le ft the c h il­dren, M ichael, five, and M aria, four, in G imbels toy depart­m e n t' w ith a note o f explana­tion in M ichael’s pocket.

Addressed “ to whom i t m ay concern,” the note said tha t the ch ild ren were Catholics, had th e ir medical vaccinations and th a t “ I love them dearly, b u t I have no money, no food and no place to go. Things are ve ry b lack fo r me.”

M ichael and M aria were taken to the C h ild ren ’s Shelter. There, reported the H era ld-Tribune, “ They watched w ondering ly w h ile photographers sat them on tables, to ld them to smile, made strange noises at them and took th e ir pictures.”

M eanw hile, the police swung

in to action and by Thanksgiv ing n igh t had the m other behind bars on an abandonment charge. The next m orn ing she to ld her s tory to the press.

The ch ild ren were “ the on ly th ing I had,” she said. “ They were m y w hole life . W hen I le ft them in the store, I le ft m y life .”

She had only 15 cents when she slipped away from the engrossed children in life toy department. She went home, dazed, using the 15 cents for subway fare.She planned to com m it su i­

cide, b u t a g ir l fr ie n d w alked the streets w ith her and per­suaded her not to. She re turned to her fou r-room ra ilroad fla t in B rook lyn the next m orn ing and found tw o detectives w a it­ing fo r her.

The ch ild ren ’s fa the r had le ft her fo u r years ago and the going had been rough. H er ren t was $112 a month. For a w h ile the c ity w e lfa re departm ent gave her $76 tw ice a month. B u t then the checks stopped coming. De­partm ent social w orkers and a p riest advised her to pu t the ch ild ren in a foster home, a procedure tha t w ould take three weeks.

Her money was running out, the children's father fa il­ed to provide any funds and she was afraid she wouldn't

be able to feed them. " I hung on to the kids to the last minute," she said. " I couldn't desert them— just any place."

She to ld reporters how .her troubles had m ounted over the years. H er m other had died when she was nine and she ran away from a “ too s tr ic t” father- when she was 18.

In h igh school her m arks had been among the top 20 per cent. She decided she w ou ld lik e to study law b u t she had to settle on becoming a legal secretary.

I t was hard to hold a (job though. H er typ in g and short­hand weren’t fast enough.

"She spoke with fright in her eyes, sipping coffee from a cardboard container and s m o k i n g w ith trembling hands. She had not eaten for 'two or three days,'" re­ported the Herald-Tribune.

In the m idst o f th is ordeal, help came. “ B ig Joe” Rosenfield o f the “ Happiness Exchange” rad io program raised $50 fo r her and is try in g to find her a home and a job. On the basis o f th is assurance, Eileen Weiss was paroled in Felony C ourt u n til Dec. 6.

She said she was sorry she had abandoned the ch ild ren but maybe i t was the best th ing she could have done because now she was getting some help.

By M . L . Stafford

S park ling clean water. T h a t’s almost as abundant as fresh air, isn ’t it? A glass of th irs t-quench­ing H 20 is as near as you r k i t ­chen faucet!

T ha t’s the w ay i t used to be. Today i t ’s d ifferent. P o llu tion of our w ater resources is grow ing at such a rap id rate tha t few cities in Am erica can feel as­sured about the safety o f the ir supply.

This is not a g rim w arn ing offered by a socialist ag ita ting fo r an over-a ll change of our economic system. I t ’s the re luc­tan t conclusion o f m any auth­orities who have been compelled to look at the facts. Am ong them are the W all Street Journa l and Labor’s Economic Review. G or­don M cCallum , ch ie f of the Pub­lic H ealth Service D iv is ion of W ater P o llu tion , pu t i t like th is: “ Despite increased efforts, thè problem o f w a te r po llu tion is g row ing worse ra ther than bet­ter. A ll the facts indicate tha t we are not doing enough.”

The increase in pollution is due to many factors. Chief among them is a rise in indus­trial’ wastes. America's water sources are being made uniit, says Labor's Economic Re­view "by rotting vegetable matter, silt, corrosive chemi­cals, industrial oil, dead iish, acids, germs of myriad kinds including viruses— of typhoid, dysentery and cholera — can­ning filth, dyes, radioactive wastes, effluents from hospit­als and mortuaries, slaughter­house leavings and many other pollutants."

In the rivers, streams and lakes serving about 100 m illio n people, there are some 30,500 in dus tria l and sewage outlets.

Four Times Over

Towns in the crowded Ohio V a lley use w a te r up to fo u r times on its w ay downstream, the sewage o f one tow n entering the w ater system o f the next. The St. Louis Post-D ispatch comments tha t “ the w o rld ’s cleanest people . . . bathe w ith scented fats and d rin k a fac­to ry ’s slime.”

“ O f course, our w a te r com­pany cleans up the liq u id fo r us — th is same liq u id in w hich not even hardy carp can live — by

p u ttin g chemicals in i t to k i l l o ther chemicals from upstream.

"The water is not, of course, cleaned up again before it is put back in the river, it is re­enriched."To p u r ify such w ater over and

over again, the federal govern­m ent calculates th a t by 1980 $44.5 b illio n w i l l have to be added to the m un ic ipa l a n tip o l­lu tio n b il l w h ich has a lready cost the na tion ’s com m unities $25 b illion .

This year the federal govern­m ent is spending on ly $50 m il­lion on the a n tip o llu tio n project, though i t is estimated th a t to clean up the St. Louis sewage problem alone w il l cost $150 m illio n .

Most of the federal money goes into sam pling w ater sources to determ ine the degree o f p o l­lu tion . Even in th is area, the P ub lic H ealth Service estimates tha t the ne tw o rk of po llu tion sam pling stations on interstate streams w il l have to be increas­ed from the present 75 to pos­s ib ly 300.

New Problem

Detecting methods w il l have to be expanded as w e ll, fo r a new problem — rad ioactive po l­lu tio n — involves quantities so m inu te as to almost defy present sam pling methods. Y e t radioac­tive wastes are among the most w orrisom e because o f th e ir can- cer-inducing nature.

M ili ta n t p h o to b y J. H .Manhattan is shown to hundreds of thousands of tourists

each year as the world's richest and most fabulous city. However, those skyscrapers, described as the ultimate in cubism, are more and more frequently lost in smog; and the water surrounding the island, once teeming with fish, has become a cesspool. This documentary picture, taken by daring photographer at risk of falling in, shows where sewage of the East River meets the sewage of the Hudson.

Even if this stupendous lag between present needs and present facilities is bridged, the problem is far from licked. The present supply of drink­able water is limited.

A t the cu rren t ra te o f in ­crease, i t is estimated th a t w ith ­in 40 years per capita use o f w a te r w i l l rise from its present 147 gallons a day to as much as 225 gallons. W ith increased pop­u la tion and indus try , the actual to ta l demand m ay rise even more steeply, from the 280 b i l ­lio n gallons a day now to per­haps one tr i l l io n gallons a day. Yet A m erica ’s to ta l available w a te r supply is estimated to be o n ly 650 b illio n gallons a day.

The federal governm ent’s “ so­lu tio n ” to th is pressing problem is to demand more action from local com m unities. Most m un ic­ipa lities, however, find the prob­lem beyond th e ir resources. Others are unconcerned. In St. Joseph, Mo., a bond issue to finance a $19.5 m illio n sewage system to cu t po llu tio n in the M issouri R ive r was tw ice voted down. •

Republicans and Democrats, who read ily enough vote $40 b i l ­lion a year fo r arm aments each tim e they ’re asked, take the easy-going a ttitude tha t th is is one problem you can l ig h t ly flush down the dra in. The Demo­crats patted themselves on the back fo r keeping a $50 m illio n appropria tion fo r the a n tip o llu ­tion pro ject when Eisenhower asked th a t i t be cu t to $20 m i l­lio n on the ground tha t p o llu ­tio n was “ a un ique ly local b lig h t.”

E isenhower has now called fo r a N ational Conference on W ater P o llu tion to be held Dec. 12-14 in Washington. Labo r’s Econom­ic Review, w hich is an A F L -C IO pub lication, notes th a t the un­ions have only one representa­tive on the steering committee. The rest of th is top group is dom inated by business repre ­sentatives.

The A F L -C IO is ca lling fo r “ a na tional w ater po licy so lid ly in tegrated w ith a na tiona l x-e- sources and energy po licy.”

B u t w ith o u t a single represen­ta tive o f the labor m ovem ent in e ithe r the Senate or the House o f Representatives, the appeal seems u n like ly to get ve ry fa r.

Letters from Our Readers

It Was Reported in the PressJoyous Noel — V ice -A dm ira l

E lton G ren fe ll says tha t the nu ­clear submarine, George Wash­ington, w h ich is ca rry ing 16 hydrogen-bom b missiles capable o f destroying a good pa rt of the w orld , w il l be a t sea during Christmas. He expressed the hope tha t ihe subm arine’s m is­sion w il l g ive the seasonal theme o f peace on earth, “ a true significance.”

Batista Doing Nicely — F or­m er Cuban d ic ta to r Fulgencio Batista is considering a ha lf- m illio n -d o lla r island in the Ba­hamas fo r his new home, the Associated Press reports. Batis­ta had planned to re tire to his pa la tia l estate at Daytona Beach, Fla., bu t thé State De­partm ent fe lt tha t his presence in an area where Cuban “ libe ra ­tio n ” mercenaries aré being tra ined m igh t be embarrassing. M eanwhile, the e x -ty ra n t is lo ll­ing on an island o ff Portugal and his w ife and ch ild ren are a t N ew Y o rk ’s swank W aldorf Towers.

Keep Those Dimes Handy— Apatent has been issued fo r ‘ a tape-recording method o f p lay­ing commercials on jukeboxes. W hen no records are being played, the advertis ing starts au tom atica lly . I t continues un ­t i l someone p u ts . in a dime fo r the nex t record.

Note to House Committee—The New Y o rk Board o f Re­gents has gone back to the term “ social studies” to de­scribe courses in geography, h is to ry, governm ent and eco­nomics.- I t had dropped the term in 1950 in favo r o f “ c i t i ­zenship education” because some members o f the board fe lt the o rig ina l phrase smacked o f socialism.

Wait' T ill He's 21 — A P h ila ­delphia m agistrate cancelled a slated hearing Nov. 17 agakist Edward K e lleher on charges of not paying a three-year-old hospita l b ill o f $60.33. The m agistrate was in fo rm ed tha t the defendant is n ine years old. The constable’s office agreed to stop sending summonses and dunning, le tters threatening to attach his “ salary.” The boy’s parents had assumed the b ill fo r m ino r surgery was covered by hospital insurance.

Above ihe Law? — The A t ­lanta home o f F rank Bacon, a Negro ra ilroad employe, was blasted by dynam ite Nov. 19. His 10-year-old son Carl was cu t by fly ing glass and his Wife and daughter were shaken up. Local police announced they had no lead on the case. The usually headline-happy F B I ch ie fta in , J. Edgar Hoover, had no comment.

One Promise They Kept —;The governm ent estimates that re tired couples over the age of 65 need a m on th ly income of $220 to $280 fo r a modest bu t adequate liv in g standard i f they are c ity dwellers. The average Social S ecurity paym ent fo r a re tired ' couple is about $125 a month. Com m enting on the dis­pa rity , federal offic ia ls empha­sized tha t the payments were never intended to provide more than m in im um liv in g costs.

Happy Thanksgiving— A pre- Thanksg iv ing check o f 100 stores by the New Y o rk De­partm ent of M arkets found 35 at w hich tu rke y and other meats were sold at short-w eight. Most o f the heavy-thum b operators were found in the low-incom e Bedford - Stuyvesant, B row ns­v ille and East New Y o rk sec­tions of B rooklyn .

New Deterrent? — The A rm y Chemical Corps is expanding production fac ilities at its Pine B lu ff, A rk ., arsenal to begin m anufacture o f a new grenade described as a “ r io t contro l agent.” The Arkansas Gazette says the grenade “ causes b u rn ­ing and w a te ring of the eyes, ir r ita t io n o f the resp ira to ry pas­sages and other tem porary e f­fects w h ich make exposed per­sons incapable o f effective ac­tion .”

A W orld of PeaceEditor:

I have found much of in terest in the copies of the M ilita n t sent to me recently and w ish to sub­scribe fo r such length o f tim e as the enclosed $5 w il l pay for.

Y our efforts to help advance the w e lfa re of you r fe llow m en of every color, creed and clim e w il l, I feel certain, bear fru it , perhaps sooner than the doubt­ers and dissenters suspect.

Keep up the good w o rk ! M il­lions o f the w o rld ’s “ l it t le peo­ple” are on the march, demand­ing an end to the insane po licy of so-called “ preparedness” and fo r the r ig h t to live th e ir lives out in peace and service to th e ir fellowm eru

Yours fo r a w o rld of peace. Carl A. Ryan Secrelary-Treasurer, World Peace Association Jenkins, Minn.

Didn't V o teEditor:

I received your lite ra tu re con­cerning you r campaign tasks. Y our pa rty wasn’t on the ba llo t here and probab ly w ith the bigoted nature of people in th is area, i t w ou ld be a hard figh t to get i t on.

I d id not vote at a ll. To me there is no difference in the m ajor parties as long as both are advocating capita lism to keep the r ich rich . Please enter m y subscription to you r paper.

H. P.Tennessee

Doublespeak — “ The U nited States is sending a small group p f N avy ships on a ca re fu lly tim ed v is it to the west, coast ofA frica to ‘show the flag ’ and Don't Point at Him make friends.” — Nov. 23 New Y ork Times.

Tighten Your Belt — Food costs increased five weeks in a row to reach a new peak Nov. 22, according to a Dun & Brad- street study. The cost o f 31 basic foods was 3.9 per cent h igher than a year ago.

Sheer Coincidence—A u th o ri­ties at Catholic-operated Ford- ham U n ive rs ity in New Y ork have cancelled scheduled stu ­dent productions of “ Death W atch” by Jean Genet and “ No E x it” by Jean Paul Sartre. Both are ex is ten tia lis t works. A school spokesman had no com­m ent on the Genet w o rk b u t said S artre ’s p lay was cancelled m ere ly because i t is “ bad the­ater.” A ll o f Sartre ’s w orks are on the V atican ’s Index of P ro­h ib ited Books.

Thought for the Week — “. . .w ar could be one o f N atu re ’s ways of c o p i n g w ith the ra p id ly increasing population o f the w orld . I t m ay be more effective than b ir th contro l.” — John M. Cummings in the Nov. 17 P h ilade lph ia In q u irie r.

Editor:The firs t payoff on the election

came when Kennedy announced he w ould keep the na tion ’s tw o chief cops on the job. J. Edgar Hoover thus has the blessing of the president-elect to continue harassing union m ilitan ts , c iv il- righ ts leaders, “ reds” and a ll other persons who happen to disagree w ith his concept of “ justice.”

S im ila r ly the chief organizer of espionage (th a t’s a $10 w ord fo r spying) A llen W. Dulles can continue his nefarious activ ities at the C entra l In te lligence Agency.

Besides confirm ing the cops, Kennedy specifically rejected any thought of in te rven ing to “ libe ra lize ” Congress, saying th a t he thought i t was up to Congress itse lf to make any ru le changes. W ith th is assurance of non intervention, the conserva­tive congressmen can thum b th e ir noses at lib e ra l attem pts to change things.

I t should also w arm the cockles of the hearts o f the W all S treet tycoons and send them off to a happy afternoon c lip ­p ing coupons.

W ell, I voted fo r Dobbs and Weiss, so when things go sour don 't po in t at me.

Roy Gale San Francisco

Let's Fish HardE dito r:

Just salutations to your staff and a b rie f w ord of encourage­ment to the party . Be it agreed we d id n ’t score a touchdown in the election, b u t from the many le tte rs o f in terest we sure troubled the waters of thought, so le t’s fish hai'd fo r the fu tu re .

F rank Love ll is ca lling each shot and h itt in g his m ark very w e ll out here. I d idn ’t have the pleasure o f seeing or hearing F a rre ll Dobbs on T V or radio, b u t judg ing from the response, he set fire to a lo t of coattails.

May I comment on the le tte r from the man named Dobbs in Chicago who threatens to change his name and says F a r­re ll should “ go back to Russia.” Don’t go Farre ll. The Russians are doing n ice ly w ith o u t our help and Am erica needs more people lik e you.

A . C. Gregerson F illm ore , U tah

Merry-Go-RoundE dito r:

The great Am erican circus of Nov. 8 is over w ith and m illions of dollars have been spent on tha t event, and it w il l obviously be the same old m erry-go-round. The elephant and the donkey are back in th e ir old quarters eating hay from the same m an­ger. The chief object of interest, the professional clowns, are heading back to Washington to get in contact w ith the na tion ’s confidence men and the back­room boys to instigate new form s of legalized robbery and plan when to set o ff W orld W ar I I I .

The -na tion ’s rubes and the helpless victim s, who took in th is custom ary performance, w il l soon realize th a t they have again been made the v ic tim s of m isplaced confidence and an­other sellout. 1

I voted fo r a ll the candidates o f the SWP whose names ap­peared on the Minnesota ba llo t and I know others who d id l ik e ­wise. W hy was our vote not considered? This is not the firs t tim e th is has happened to the vote cast by me, bu t I consider it about tim e tha t we demand our rights as Am erican citizens.

Most Americans are at the ab­solute m ercy of the large cor­porations w h ich operate and contro l the means o f production. I f we are then also denied the r ig h t to choose leaders who w il l rea lly represent us we are la rge ly w ith o u t po litica l expres­sion. I t is such d ic ta to ria l abuse w hich causes governments to

disintegrate and collapse. The hand o f destiny is now w r it in g on the w a ll. Woe to the ty ran ts who w il l no t heed the w arn ing.

R. S.Jenkins, Minn.

Disputes Point In Analysis of V o teEditor:

I ’m sure th a t Joseph H an­sen’s a rtic le in the Nov. 14 issue analyzing the election results w il l not be the M ilita n t’s last w ord on the subject.

W ithou t w a itin g to read ad­d itiona l issues I w an t to ques­tion his e ffo rt to cite “ the w ide ­spread sp littin g of votes” as “ an evidence of the rise in p o li­tica l consciousness.”

F irs t of a ll, b a llo t-sp litt in g did not show any increase tha t I can see or measure. On the con­tra ry , in 1956 a Republican was elected president w h ile the Democrats captured Congress. This year the Democrats won both the presidency and Con­gress, so b a llo t-sp litt in g must have been reduced, no t increas­ed.

Second, I doubt tha t ba llo t- sp littin g in general 'can be equated to increased po litica l consciousness. I t may have tha t meaning in some cases; in others, i t de fin ite ly doesn’t. A good portion of i t results from the notion tha t you should “ vote fo r the man, not the pa rty ,” w h ich in m y opinion is a sign o f low or p r im itiv e po litica l consciousness.

W hat portion o f the voters sp lit th e ir ba llo t fo r tha t reason I don’t know. B u t ne ither do you. And w ith o u t some evidence to back it up, Hansen’s gener­alization about ba llo t-sp litt in g does not and cannot have much weight.

George BreitmanDetroit

W hy No Report On SWP Votes?Editor:

I jus t picked up thfe Nov. 14 edition of the M ilita n t and was surprised no m ention was made of how many votes Dobbs and Weiss received. A re they not counted yet, are you a fra id to p r in t them, or do the election offic ia ls ju s t th row votes fo r m in o rity parties in the waste­basket? Please make some men­tion of th is in you r next edition.

I find the artic les in the M i l i t ­ant, Young Socialist and — i f you ’l l pardon me saying th is — the New Am erica, ve ry in te r­esting, a lthough I do not en tire ­ly agree w ith the Socialist W orkers party on most issues.

I believe the on ly answer to

peace is a w o rld governm ent. Im agine w ha t the USA w ou ld be lik e i f there were 50 inde­pendent b ickering countries in ­stead o f states. The same holds true w ith the countries of the w orld . U nite , and you have no reason fo r war. V iva Castro!

D. T.Berkeley, Calif.

[E lection boards are notorious fo r th e ir fa ilu re to count m in o r­ity p a rty votes accurately o r to report them w ith reasonable d is­patch. We published the firs t SWP returns available to us in ou r last issue and w il l continue to report them as they become available.— Editor.]

Cot His DeerEditor:

W ell, now the election is over and I suppose i t w i l l be some tim e before we know how m any votes our candidates got.

I was up in N orthern M inne ­sota fishing and hun ting , so I missed some of o u r good speak­ers. B u t I got m y deer.

You may not be interested in the above, b u t i t ’s m y fun a fte r 46 years ra ilroad ing . B u t any­w ay I ’m always concerned about our views and getting our l i t ­erature out to the workers. I ’l l be p lugging along fo r our side.

P. G. HedlundMinneapolis

Double BouquetEditor:

We appreciated Joe Hansen’s discussion w ith Vernon L in d on the differences between the SWP angl the SLP and though t it the best th in g ,done on th is p a rticu la r question. Lo rd knows there ’s enough confusion about socialism and I th in k he d id a good b it to stra ighten out th is p a rticu la r difference.

Also, the e lim ina tion o f co l7 umn rules on page 4 o f the M i l­ita n t makes a much more a ttrac ­tive page — congrats to w ho­ever thought tha t up.

W. C.Minneapolis

Barbecue Pits For BrainwashingEditor:

I sure could use rep rin ts of you r Nov. 14 a rtic le on the “ N u­clear Barbecue P it.” They had the same k ind of “ she lter” at the C ity H a ll here to brainwash the people.

I sure enjoy yo u r paper, es­pecia lly F rank L o v e ll’f articles. M y w ife and I and a fr ie n d voted you r ticke t, so we were fo r a good cause.

H. R.Geneva, N. Y .

That Odd Taste in Our W aterCalif. Student Wins Stay of Deportation

Sequel: A Spliced Sound Track

SAN FRANCISCO — John Robert Johnston, the U n ive r­s ity o f C a lifo rn ia graduate student ordered deported fo r p icke ting the House Un- Am erican A c tiv it ie s Com­m ittee, was granted perm is­sion to rem ain here u n til Aug. 31, 1961. This should give h im tim e to complete his w o rk fo r a Ph. D. in physics.

Johnston, w ho came here from Scotland to do his grad­uate w o rk at the U n ive rs ity o f C a lifo rn ia in Berkeley, jo ined tlie protest m ovem ent against the House Com m ittee w itch -h u n t hearings held here last May. He made his home available fo r a m eeting on the issue, collected signatures to a campus pe tition and jo ined the p icke t line at C ity H a ll. He was not among those a r­rested when police attacked the demonstrators.

The Nov. 22 stay of the ex­pulsion order came w ith in 24 hours a fte r a campus ra lly of more than 300 students and fa cu lty members had protest­ed the cancellation o f John­ston’s student visa and a fte r a B ritish Mem ber o f P a rlia ­m ent had protested d irec tly to Secretary o f State H erter. The case has been w ide ly pub­licized in the press here.

Charles Beechie, Im m ig ra ­tion Service d is tr ic t d irector, emphasized th a t the stay was “ an extension o f the date fo r vo lun ta ry departure in lieu of deportation.” He insisted the decision was his ow n and not the result o f pub lic pressure. He was concerned, he said,

i over the “ po tentia l loss” to the u n ive rs ity ’s a c a d e m i c p ro ­gram. Johnston is an instruc-

[ to r and research w orker.Johnston and his w ife Jan-

i et, ■ a school teacher, were1 questioned last August by, Im m ig ra tion offic ia ls about

th e ir pa rtic ipa tion in the a n ti­inqu is ition demonstration. On Sept. 3 he was in fo rm ed by le tte r tha t he m ust leave the coun try by Oct. 1. No exp la­nation was given. The ouster date was extended to Nov. 15 because Mrs. Johnston was about to give b ir th to th e ir second child. Both ch ildren are U.S. citizens. M eanw hile the fa m ily made plans to m i­grate to Canada where John-

> ston hoped to complete his I studies.i W hen the o rig ina l deporta- -• tion order was issued, an Im ­

m ig ra tion Service spokesman I to ld Johnston he had not

m aintained his “ status as a) bona fide student.” Beechie: to ld newsmen at the tim e tha t

Johnston’s pa rtic ipa tion in the> protest action was one o f the

reasons fo r the action but added d a rk ly tha t there were “ other factors” w h ich he was “ not at lib e rty to discuss,” even w ith Johnston.

A no the r o ffic ia l to ld John­ston th a t p icke ting a U.S.com m ittee hearing “ is not the sort o f th ing a fore ign student

j or v is ito r to th is country, should partic ipa te in .” John­

ston said the Im m ig ra tion o f- j fic ia l “ made i t clear to me5 they did not consider me a; r isk to U.S. security.”1 Johnston also reported th a t

the o ffic ia l to ld h im he was; being expelled because o ft “ pressure” f r o m Congress.2 W hich congressmen applied7 the “ pressure” was not d is­

closed.