Is New Recession On the Way?

See Page 2 THE MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Vol. X X IV — No. 34 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26. 1960 P r ic e 10c

N.Y. Democrats Try to Rig BallotTammany Lawyer Challenges Socialist Nominating Petitions

By Harry RingNEW YO RK, Sept. 21 — The Democratic pa rty is again

try in g to deprive New Y ork voters of the oppo rtun ity to cast a protest vote. The Socialist W orkers pa rty was noti-

f ied today tha t the independent nom inating pe tition fo r its presidentia l ticke t has been challenged by Monroe Goldw ater, chairm an of the State Legal Commission of the Democratic party . In 1958, G oldw ater acted fo r the Democratic machine in an unsuccessful e ffo rt to bar the Independent-Socialist pa rty from the gubernatoria l contest.

G oldw ater, who was a law partner of the late Tammany chieftan, Ed “ Boss” F lynn , has also challenged the nom inating pe tition of the Socialist Labor party. In another move, nom inating petitions fo r tw o local Com m unist p a r t y candidates were challenged by tw o “ p r ivate citizens.”

The Democratic legal spokesman has six days to file specifications in support of his b lanket allegation that the nom inating pe tition fo r F a rre ll Dobbs and M yra Tanner Weiss is “ in su fficient, vo id and not in accordance” w ith election law.

The state election law is rigged to make i t extrem ely d if ficu lt fo r a m in o rity pa rty to q u a lify fo r a ba llo t place. An independent nom inating pe tition must contain the signatures of 12,000 registered voters, w ith at least 50 from 61 of the state’s 62 counties.

Anticipating the Democratic move, the SWP submitted a nominating petition which v irtually doubled the minimum requirement. A total of 23,197 signatures were filed. In every county an average of more than double the required

(C on tinued on Page 4 )

By Joseph Hansen Campaign Manager

In the ed ito ria l rooms of the b ig cap ita lis t papers in New Y ork there was a good deal of cho rtling the day Khrushchev arrived. Pub lic congratulations were offered M r. C hristie , the local weatherm an, fo r the “ d ism al ra in ” which he arranged in perfect keeping w ith the “ cool” reception ordered by the State D epartm ent fo r the head o f the Soviet governm ent when the B a ltika docked.

While they were chortling, however, the stock market took the worst nose dive since the 1958 recession. The Wall Street sharks ruefully counted a paper loss of $7 1/2 billion.

W hat did the editors o f the cap ita lis t papers do when the shocking news came over the press wires? N a tu ra lly they blamed the $7 1/2 b illio n loss on Khrushchev. I t occurred the same day he arrived, d idn ’t it?

So, chalking up the score, it would seem that Khrushchev is one up with that expensive silver lining he put on those

( C ontinued on Page 2 )

Your Help Is Needed On Ballot Challenge

By Tom Kerry

c ia lis t campaign in 1958 know, th is is a costly affa ir.

A la r ge p a rt of the national election $12,000 fund we are collecting must be used to cinch our r ig h t to be on the N.Y. ba llo t and get access to the a ir waves. We appeal to a ll ou r readers to help us in th is fight. I f you believe in democracy and fa ir p lay and are revolted by the Democratic-Republican machinations, show i t in th is way.

Send you r contribu tions to: Socialist W orkers Party , 116 U n ive rs ity Place, New Y o rk 3, N.Y.

(See Fund Scoreboard on Page2 ).

Organizational Secretary, Socialist Workers Party

W hat is the preservation of free speech and free elections w o rth to you? N ixon and Kennedy contend tha t the ideas of socialism do not a ttra c t the Am erican people. According to these representa- tives o f b ig business, the people are perfectly content w ith the p ro fit system.

W hy, then, do the Democratic and Republican machines go to such lengths to keep socialists off the ba llo t and to p revent th e ir views from being heard? This year they are more determ ined than ever to tigh ten th e ir stranglehold on the electoral fac ilitie s and the means of comm unication.

Two deeds fo rce fu lly demonstrate this. One o f the few b ills passed by the special Congressional session awarded a m onopoly of free T V and radio tim e to the Democratic and R epublican candidates. The m in o rity parties w hich had previously been guaranteed equal tim e were de libera te ly denied th is righ t.

The Socialist W orkers party has p r o t e s t e d th is outrage to the Federal Communications Commission w ith o u t receiving any satisfaction. Our attorneys are now preparing to appeal the new law and its d iscrim inatory in te rpre ta tions to the federal courts in order to test its cons titu tio n a lity .

In N ew Y o rk the Tammany machine has contested the SWP petitions fo r a place on the November ballot. The law requires at least 12,000 signatures, inc lud ing 50 registered voters in 61 counties. The SWP members and friends mobilized th e ir fu l l resources to complete th is task. Some devoted th e ir en tire vacations to gathering signatures in the ru ra l areas up state. They fu lfille d a ll the re quirements, filin g 23,197 signatures.

Now the Democratic lawyers are hard at w o rk to d isqualify the SWP. They don’t w ant Dobbs and Weiss on the ba llo t because they fear that too many d isgruntled Democrats m i g h t vote socialist th is year.

O ur attorneys are now obliged to make a court figh t to fru s tra te th e ir moves. As those who fo llow ed the Independent-So-

“Bienvenido Fidel! 99 State Department Shows Its Gloom Over U.N. Crisis

Part of the crowd of several thousand New York supporters of the Cuban Revolution who went to Idlewild Airport Sept. 18 to extend a rousing welcome to Premier Castro. One huge banner declared: "Welcome Fidel — Give 'Em Hell!"

So the Hungry Are Still Fed Big Promises

“ This is the season when the cap ita lis t candidates s c a t t e r promises lik e chicken feed to a ttrac t voles,” stated M yra Tanner Weiss, Socialist W orkers pa rty candidate fo r v ice-president last week. “ Senator K ennedy is a w o rth y apprentice of his masters in th is game.”

“ On Sept. 21 he pub lic ly p ro claimed tha t in his firs t three months as president he w ould send Congress messages ‘tha t w il l deal w ith w ip ing out pove rty in the U nited States.’ H ow ever, he gave no guarantee that, even i f his Democratic pa rty had m ajorities in both Houses, Congress w ould enact his proposals.

“ He pointed w ith pride to the Roosevelt and Trum an adm inistra tions as precedents ‘who practised at home w hat they

(C on tinued on Page 4 )

“ Adam C layton Pow ell has come out fo r Kennedy and Johnson w h ile Jackie Robinson

G LA D Y S G RAUER

is w o rk in g fo r N ixon ,” said Gladys B arker Grauer, Socialist W orkers nominee fo r U.S. Sena tor from New Jersey last week. “ B u t ne ither of these leaders voices the true feelings o f most Negroes on the run-around both parties have given them on c iv il rights.

“ A more representative voice, I believe, was heard in P h ilade lphia th is week when Dr. Nannie Burroughs to ld the W omen’s A u x il ia ry delegates to the Nationa l B aptis t Convention tha t the ‘famous’ c iv il-r ig h ts planks in both po litica l p la tform s are ‘fakes.’

“ They are ‘just so much candy obviously promised in an effort to get votes,” she said. Amens resounded through the hall as th is w e ll-know n Negro orator declared: ‘We are sick and tired o f th is campaign hooey.

“ There are many, many N egroes and c iv il righ ts supporters in my state and th roughout the country who feel the same way. I f you ’re sick and tire d o f th is campaign hooey, too, vote fo r the Socialist W orkers candidates in November,” Mrs. Grauer concluded.

Johnson Gives Tip-off On Kennedy Pledges

By Farrell Dobbs Socialist Workers Party candidate for president

M any labor and libe ra l backers of Kennedy feel tha t Lyndon Johnson is a l ia b ili ty to the Democratic ticke t. He is w ith out question an embarrassment to the false image o f the Democratic pa rty as a fr iend of labor and the Negro people w hich they w ant the voters to accept. B u t the Texas senator represents the real d irectors of the Democratic m a c h i n e . They know tha t a price must be paid in promises to the people in o rder to w in the offices w hich can then be pu t at the service of big business and the w h ite supremacists.

Kennedy and J o h n s o n therefore have a division of labor in this campaign. The presidential nominee, l i k e Truman and Roosevelt before him. parades as the apostle of progressivism while the vice presidential candidate placates conservative and reactionary opinion.Last week, fo r example, K en

nedy, speaking before the L ib eral pa rty in New Y ork, p ro claimed h im se lf an unalloyed

Vote Socialist!You can vote socialist in the

fo llow ing states by casting your ba llo t fo r Fa rre ll Dobbs and M yra Tanner Weiss, candidates o f the Socialist W orkers party fo r president and vice president.

Colorado: (presidentia l electors).

Iowa: (presidentia l electors,b a l l o t designation, “ Farm er Labor.”

Michigan: (presidentia l electors). Vote fo r F rank Love ll fo r U.S. senator; Robert H im m el fo r governor; Evelyn Sell fo r lie u tenant governor; L a rry D olinsk i fo r secretary of state; R ita Shaw fo r attorney general; H a rrie t Talan fo r state treasurer; Ed ith G bur fo r aud ito r general.

Minnesota: (presidentia l electors.) Vote fo r Carl Feingold fo r U. S. senator.

Montana: (presidentia l electors).

New Jersey: (presidentia l electors). Vote fo r G ladys Grauer fo r U.S. senator.

New York: (presidentia l electors).

Pennsylvania: (presidentia le l e c t o r s , ballot designation, “ W orkers P a rty ” ). Vote fo r M orris Chert ov fo r state treasu rer; A r th u r Felberbaum fo r aud ito r general.

Utah: (presidentia l electors,b a l l o t designation, “ Socialist W orkers and Farmers P a rly ” ).

Washington: (presidentia l electors).

Wisconsin: (presidentia l electors).

W rite - in votes fo r F arre ll Dobbs and M yra Tanner Weiss are urged in a ll o ther states.

Also, in Illinois w rite in H ow ard Mayhew, Socialist W orkers candidate fo r U.S. senator. In Los Angeles w rite in E rro ll Banks, Socialist W orkers candidate in the 23rd Congressional District.

libera l. He declared tha t the new national leadership under his command must be dedicated to libera lism .

M eanwhile, at the other end of the country, the other h a lf of his ticke t was w o rk in g the other side o f the street. On Sept. 15 in A rizona where Senator B a rry G oldw ater rides herd fo r the Republicans, Johnson was asked w hether he supported the Democratic p la tfo rm p lank fo r repeal of the “ r ig h t- to -w o rk ” laws. A rizona has such a law .

No Promise on T-H

Johnson made i t clear tha t he doesn’t. He ca re fu lly pointed out how l it t le the cu rren t Democratic p la tfo rm gave to the labor movement. The 1960 labor p lank, he said, d idn ’t go “ quite as fa r” as previous Democratic p latform s w hich advocated re peal of the T a fl-H a rtle y Act. “ I stand on the 1960 p la tfo rm ,” he declared.

But then the Texan observed that "there are a lot of things in every platform that are not realized." And he went on to remark that few of the one hundred members of the Democratic Platform Committee "w ill be called upon to implement it in Congress."In th is w ay Johnson was as

suring the an tiun ion forces tha t they needn’t w o rry tha t the l im ited verba l concessions to labor in the Dem ocratic p la tfo rm w ould get a fr ie n d ly reception when Congress met.

In th is same speech Johnson assailed the opposition as a pa rty of “ tw o faces,” G oldw ater fo r the conservatives, Rockefe lle r fo r the liberals. B u t the team of Kennedy and Johnson are equally two-faced. W hile Kennedy swears in the N o rth ern cities he w il l fa ith fu lly im plem ent the p la tfo rm pledges, Johnson is n o tify in g the conservatives in advance tha t the Dem ocratic Congress he hopes to dom inate w il l disregard w hatever displeases them. Does not the record of the special

(C ontinued on Page 4 )

Banks Urges Recognition Of New China

LOS ANG ELES, Sept. 21— “ One p rinc ipa l actor w i l l be absent when the a ll-s ta r cast of statesmen meet at the U N Genera l Assembly th is week. That is any representative from the People’s R epublic of China,” declared E rro ll Banks, Socialist W orkers candidate fo r Congress in the 23rd D is tr ic t

“ The continu ing exclusion of China from the U N in favo r of C hiang’s rum p representative enforced by our State D epartment is a scandal w h ich ought to be remedied w ith o u t delay. The Soviet delegation w il l press the issue o f C hina’s representation early in the session. We hope tha t both the new m em bers and the old w il l th is tim e give a m a jo rity vote to seat Communist China.

“ Can any question of w orld peace, disarm am ent o r in te rnationa l re lations be p roperly discussed, le t alone decided there, w ith o u t the pa rtic ipa tion of the spokesmen fo r 650 m illio n people, the largest na tion on th is planet?

“ M y pa rty not only supports C hina’s r ig h t o f admission to the U N b u t urges W ashington to l i f t its boycott o f Peking, and recognize its governm ent,” said Banks.

Dobbs Seeks Debate on Cuba With Kennedy

DENVER, Sept. 16 — F a rre ll Dobbs, Socialist W orkers p a rty presidentia l candidate, t o d a y challenged Senator Kennedy, Dem ocratic p a rty presidentia l nominee, to a pub lic debate on Cuba du ring his v is it to Denver.

In its te legram to Kennedy, the SWP Colorado Campaign Committee stated: “ Dobbs defends Cuban R evolution. F u lly aware you r po licy denying Americans democratic r ig h t to hear a ll v iews.”

Dobbs w il l a rrive in Denver Sept. 23. He w il l rem ain in the

ERROLL BANKS

"Advises" TV Chains to Cut Reports on Khrushchev Visit

By Daniel RobertsRudeness, arrogance and fear have m arked W ashing

ton ’s reaction to the prospects of a debate among heads o f state in the U n ited Nations General Assembly, whose newsession began the evening o f Sept. 20. These attitudes were betrayed by the w ay in w hich authorities treated Soviet P re m ie r N ik ita K hrushchev and Cuban P rem ier F ide l Castro— the leading representatives of the noncapita list section o f the w o rld and o f the struggle fo r national independence from im peria lism .

K hrushchev and Castro have been confined to the island of M anhattan on the p re tex t tha t th is was requ ired fo r th e ir own “ security,” despite the extrem ely fr ie n d ly reception Castro re ceived from the La tin -A m erican and Negro com m unities in New York.

Khrushchev’s ship, the B a ltika , was g iven a d ilap idated East R ive r p ier fo r berth ing.Castro and his p a rty were denied accommodations at one New Y o rk hote l a fte r another u n til he protested to UN Secreta ry-G enera l Dag H am m arskjö ld and threatened to camp out in C entra l Park. He f in a lly secured lodging's at the Theresa H otel in Harlem .

On Sept. 18 it was revealed that the T V stations had been "advised" by the State D epartment not to accord any in terviews to Khrushchev and not to give his visit here any coverage besides his UN appearances.The big-business press has

been filled w ith d iatribes not on ly against Khrushchev and Castro bu t against P resident Nasser of Egypt, P resident T ito o f Yugoslavia, P r e s i d e n t Toure of Guinea and P rim e M in is te r N krum ah o f Ghana, a ll o f w hom w il l partic ipa te in the UN deliberations.

The ove ra ll aim o f th is press barrage is to convey to A m e ricans in general and N ew Y o rk ers in p a rticu la r tha t they are about to be contam inated by something ak in to the bubonic plague. Even the precipitous drop o f the stock m arke t on Sept. 19, was blamed on “ the in te rna tiona l s itua tion as Soviet P rem ier Khrushchev a rrived fo r the U n ited Nations General As-

(C o n tin ued on Page 4 )

Where Worthy Found Racial Bias in Cuba

The on ly racia l bias he saw in Cuba was at the huge U.S. naval base there, reported W illia m W orthy in the Sept. 17 B a lt imore A fro-A m erican.

W orthy is the Negro correspondent whose passport was re voked by the State D epartm ent when he vis ited China to get a firs t-hand view of th a t country.

“ A t Guantanamo Bay, I found the fa m ilia r pattern o f separation of the races th a t characterizes most o f Uncle Sam’s ventures abroad,” he w rites.

“ A good proportion o f the several thousand Cuban citizens who commute d a ily and w o rk

Teen-Agers Held “Delinquent” For Defying Bus Segregation

GADSDEN, A la., Sept. 1 6 - Three Negro teen-agers were found g u ilty of “ delinquency” in juven ile court here today because they refused to ride segregated on a Greyhound bus la s t month. The tr io , ch ildren of B i r m i n g h a m c iv il-r ig h ts leader Rev. Fred L. Shuttles- w orth , are P atric ia , 17, Fred- ericka, 17, and Fred, Jr., 13.

They refused to accept the ve rd ic t of indefin ite probation; and th e ir a ttorney, Len H o lt, announced they w ou ld appeal to the c ircu it court. In an e ffo rt to discourage the appeal, Judge Rayburn set the appeals bonds a t $5,000 each. When it was pointed out tha t the judge w ou ld have the respons ib ility

fo r keeping them in prison the bond was reduced to $500 each w hich was q u ick ly provided by sympathizers.

Assailing the un justified ve rdict, Rev. S huttlesw orth declared: “ The day has arrived when Negroes w il l no longer accept punishm ent fo r crimes not com m itted. In th is situation, even one day’s probation makes a m ockery of justice, as the c h ildren were s ittin g in an o rderly way on an in te rsta te bus when arrested.”

Protests have been called fo r by the Southern Conference Educational F u n d and the Southern C hris tian Leadership Conference, southw ide c iv il- righ ts organization.

on the base are e ithe r tan or qu ite dark. In m any cases, they or th e ir parents im m igra ted here from Jamaica or elsewhere in the West Indies.

“ Repeatedly at the base gate, they to ld me th a t mess fac ilities fo i Am ericans on the base are separate from those provided fo r the so-called locals. The ‘natives’ who sleep at the Naval ins ta lla tion also have th e ir separate quarters.

“ W hen tw o te lev is ion co lleagues o f m ine set th e ir cameras dow n on the Cuban side o f the open gate and began shooting pictures o f the day sh ift w a lk in g out,” he continued, “ an order w ent ou t to the three M arine sentries to suspend the custom ary body search o f the departing Cubans, and to inspect on ly th e ir iden tifica tion badges.

“ So accustomed were the Cubans to the d a ily pa tting ro u tine th a t m any o f them autom a tica lly held th e ir arms up over th e ir heads as they lined up before the Marines.

"Do Come Back"

"After stepping through the gate and spotting the cameras, at least a dozen of the Cubans came up to us and said: 'Do come back every day. Then they won't search us.'"

W orthy concluded his a rtic le by pred ic ting th a t “ the Marines w on’t be around Guantanamo — and possibly other bases in L a tin Am erica as w e ll — by the tim e D ick N ixo n o r Jack Kennedy runs fo r re-e lection in 1964.”

Farrell Dobbs w ill give a nationwide T V broadcast over WABC; Sat. Oct. 1; 10:30- 10:45 p.m. Eastern Time. Check your newspapers, or call WABC for local time.

Rocky M ounta in c ity tw o days as pa rt o f his na tionw ide campaign tour. H is v is it coincides w ith Senator Kennedy’s.

Kennedy has branded the Castro g o v e r n m e n t as an “ enemy” and a Soviet sate llite .

The Dem ocratic candidate is not lik e ly to accept debate w ith anyone like Dobbs who has been countering the “ hate Cuba” lies w ith the tru th about the Cuban struggle fo r freedom and independence.

FAR RELL DOBBS

Youth Paper Backs Dobbs

The eight-page October issue o f the Young Socia list features its support to the Dobbs-Weiss ticke t. In a front-page ed ito ria l headed: “ We Vote Socialist,” the ed ito r says: “ I t seems very strange th a t no other v iab le socialist tendency has come fo rw ard w ith a position of vo ting fo r w ha t i t believes in.

“ We are fo r bu ild ing a labor party , we are fo r a program of fu l l r igh ts fo r Negro and a ll o ther m in o rity groups, we are fo r a po licy w h ich w ould take w ar-m aking powers ou t o f the hands of capita lists and ensure real peace. A l l— socialists and nonsocialists — who are fo r th a t program should vote fo r it. That means a vote fo r the Socialist W orkers pa rty c a n d i d a t e s , Dobbs and Weiss.”

The issue contains m any in fo rm ative artic les on the stu dent movem ent and youth ac tivities. For copies, w rite the Young Socialist, P.O. B ox 471, Cooper S tation, N.Y. 3, N.Y.

Labels Those Planks As "Campaign Hooey"

M Y R A TAN NER WEISS, Socialist Workers party candidate for vice-president.

Page Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, September 26, I960

The United States and Latin America, B ackground papers and the F ina l Report o f the S ixteenth Am erican Assembly, A rden House, H arrim an Campus o f Colum bia U n ive rs ity , H arrim an, N.Y., October 15-28, 1959. The Am erican Assembly, Columbia U n ive rs ity December 1959. Price $2.00

Those whose in terest in L a tin Am erican a ffa irs has been roused by the Cuban revo lu tion w il l find valuable factua l in fo rm a tion in th is book concerning economic, po litica l and social conditions south o f the Rio Grande. The U nited States and Lat in Am erica contains a com pilatio n of essays w rit te n by experts in th is field.

T he ir presentations, however, are colored b y the fact tha t they support the State D epartm ent’s co ld-w ar policies w hich, to L a tin A m ericans, mean the continuation of the status quo. A t the same tim e the authors are challenged by the Cuban revo lu tion , considered by m illions in L a tin Am erica to be the answer to th e ir own h opes and aspirations.

The d rive tow ard industria liza tion and economic developm ent w h ich could raise the area’s abysm ally low liv in g standards is d iscussed by Reynold E. Carlson, professor of economics at V anderb ilt U n ive rs ity , in the a rtic le entitled , “ The Economic P icture.”

Per capita income, Carlson reveals, ranges from $500 in Venezuela to $85 in H a iti, “ w hich places [L a tin Am erica] on a par w ith some of the poorest countries o f Southeast Asia.” E ve ryw here in fla tion rages. From 1950-57 the rise in the cost o f liv in g ranged from 104 per cent in Panama to 6,937 per cent in B o liv ia .

F rank Tannenbaum, professor o f L a tin Am erican h is to ry at Columbia, describes the sem i-feudal re lations exis ting on the haciendas, the large estates, in an a rtic le en titled “ Toward A n Apprecia tion of L a tin Am erica.”

"The hacienda has no built-in device that w ill allow for reform of the system," Tannenbaum says. I t has no way of meeting the challenge o f “ the new ways tha t are underm in ing a tra d itio n a l and age-old fo rm o f social organ ization . . . and yet [the system] cannot rem ain in d iffe ren t to television, atom ic energy — and, psychoanalysis and K a r l M arx as w e ll.” (Em phasis in the orig ina l.)

Though he does not suggest tha t a revo lu tion is inevitable , Tannenbaum comments: “ W hat is inevitable , i f L a tin Am erica is to in dustria lize e ffective ly and meet the demands fo r a h igher standard of liv in g and more democratic society, is a w ide agrarian re form w hich is not com patible w ith the su rv iva l of the hacienda system.”

H erbert L. M atthews, N ew Y o rk Times L a tin Am erica ed itor, in the essay, “ D ip lom atic Relations,” traces the h is to ry o f U .S .-La tin - A m erican re lations from the year 1811 through the Monroe D octrine to the present day.

L a tin Americans, he observes, have not considered themselves to be “ invo lved w ith us in the cold war. We seemed to accept the phony protestation of dictators who won favo r in the U n ited States by procla im ing th e ir anti-com m unism .”

As an outstanding example o f U.S. cold w a r po licy in L a tin ' Am erica, M atthew s cites the State D epartm ent’s in te rven tion , in 1954, against Guatem ala’s dem ocratically elected lib e ra l re fo rm governm ent o f Jacobo Arbenz. A t the departm ent’s instiga tion Arbenz was

overth row n and a U .S.-controlled puppet re gime, headed by Lieutenant-Colonel Carlos C astillo Armas, was imposed on the Guatemalan people.

To accomplish its aim the departm ent began by m ustering “ the w hole mechanism of the in te r-Am erican system [the Caracas conference in 1954]; helping the rebels w ith arms; and b u ild ing up a tremendous propaganda campaign, M atthews says.

A t tha t M atthews glosses over crucia l facts in an attem pt to ligh ten the g u ilt o f the State Departm ent in the Guatemalan counter-revo lution. For instance he denies any collusion between the governm ent and the U nited F ru it Company. Just the same he adm its tha t U.S. and L a tin Am erican interests d iffe r. “ Our m ilita ry and businessmen n a tu ra lly w an t stabi l i ty , ” he says. The status quo “ provides the c lim ate in w hich they can best operate. Insofar as the State D epartm ent th inks in term s of La tin -A m erican support in the U nited Nations and of pro-Yankee governments, it, too, wants s tab ility .

“ B u t . . . L a tin Americans were not and are not looking to us to lead a crusade against communism, but to help them meet th e ir real and pressing social, economic and po litica l problems.”

These essays were firs t used as background m ateria l fo r the S ixteenth Am erican Assembly held at Colum bia U n ive rs ity in October 1959. Am ong those who partic ipa ted were: Roy R. Rubottom , Jr., Assistant Secretary o f State and representatives from Standard O il o f New Je rsey, U nited F ru it, the K in g Ranch o f Texas, U.S. Steel Foundation, E xp o rt-Im p o rt Bank and Am erican & Foreign Pow er Co.

They and some 400 other U.S. companies have carved an em pire ou t o f the labor of L a t i n A m erica ’s poverty-and-disease-racked masses. The cry, “ we m ust un ite ” a ll Am erican nations to defend the hemisphere against “ fo r eign invasion,” “ in te rn a tio n a l comm unism,’’ “ subversion from w ith in ” and “ economic aggression,” becomes most pronounced whenever these pro fit-gouging companies are threatened by re form or revo lu tion .

The clear and present danger to these in terests lies in the Cuban revo lu tion w hich ousted the Batista d icta torsh ip and disturbed the precious status quo.

In its fina l report, the Assembly declared tha t p riva te investm ents in large and sm all in dustries “ w il l have to p lay the greatest ro le ” i f L a tin Am erica is to achieve a h igher standard of liv in g . W ith the Cuban revo lu tion f irm ly in m ind, the partic ipants demanded greater p ro tection fo r the p riva te investor in the fu tu re . Therefore L a tin Am ericans must guarantee “ equitable conditions . . . fa ir safeguards, in c lud ing prom pt and adequate compensation in the event o f expropria tion , on w hich responsible investors . . . re ly .”

M any of the facts presented in the U nited States and L a tin Am erica prove th a t U.S. vested interests w il l no t be perm itted to continue fo r long th e ir shameless methods o f exp lo ita tion . H elp is needed fo r a serious industr ia liza tio n program . B u t the demands o f d o lla r im peria lism fo r “ fa ir safeguards” and “ adequate compensation” w i l l be swept aside as nearly 200 m illio n figh t fo r th e ir r ig h t to live lik e human beings.

— Lillian Kiezel

Is New Recession on Way?

. . . Campaigning for Socialism(C o n tin ued f ro m Page 1)

dismal clouds produced by thecapitalist planners.

* * *

Socialist campaigners in New Y o rk d idn ’t find the ra in dism al at a ll. A rm ed w ith um brellas, raincoats and socialist lite ra tu re , they enjoyed themselves among the crow d th a t gathered to greet F ide l Castro.

Even the most reactionary New Y o rk papers, those th a t have been p u ttin g out rab id “ hate Cuba” lies, were forced to adm it tha t the m a jo rity of demonstrators favored the H avana delegation. The grudging admission, however, is a w a te red-down reflection o f the tru th . As the socialist campaigners can tes tify , the enthusiasm of the

Socialist Fund ScoreboardCity Quota Paid Percent

A llen tow n $ 85 $ 59 69Chicago 600 340 57N ew Y o rk 3,325 1,791 54T w in C ities 950 400 42D e tro it 470 140 30N ew ark 200 58 29M ilw aukee 225 63 28Boston 300 65 22San Francisco 325 72 22Los Angeles 3,450 730 21St. Louis 75 11 15P hilade lph ia 300 39 13San Diego 200 20 10B erke ley-O akland 325 22 7Cleveland * 485 0 0Connecticut 75 0 0Denver 50 0 0P ittsburgh 10 0 0Seattle 375 0 0General 175 138 79

T ota l through Sept. 20 $12,000 $3,948 33

Special Offer During ElectionThe M ilita n t116 U n iv e rs ity P laceN ew Y o rk 3, N . Y .

Yes, I ’d like to take advantage of your special election offer. Enclosed is 50 cents for a 26-week subscription.

N a m e ..................................................... - ..........................................

S tre e t ...........

C tty -------------- ... ___________ Zone

.. A p t.

State

pro-Cuba demonstrators was extrem e ly high — and qu ite in fectious.

Members of the Students fo r Dobbs and Weiss com m ittee are among the most active campaigners in N ew Y ork . Last week at a fo lk-song concert, fo r example, they sold 75 copies of the Young Socialist, 14 Do bbs- Weiss buttons and signed up three new adherents.

A t a fou r-hou r street m eeting at C ity College fea tu ring M yra Tanner Weiss, the crowd stayed around 100. Some 70 papers and 10 buttons were sold. A new supporter signed up.

A t a s im ila r m eeting at B rook lyn College where the crowd was sm aller b u t row dier, 30 papers and e ight buttons were sold. One more s u p p o r t e r joined.

* * *

Do you, too, w an t a Dobbs- Weiss button? Send 15 cents to S t u d e n t s fo r Dobbs and Weiss, 45 East 7th St., New Y o rk 3, N.Y. V e ry handsome and ve ry s ticky stickers are also available at $1.50 a hundred. A lso a campaigner’s k i t fo r $1 tha t includes five buttons, ten “ Vote Socialist” stickers, ten copies of the Socialist W orkers election p la tfo rm and five copies o f the latest issue o f the Young Socialist.

* * *

Would you like to hear Myra at a street meeting? The Debs Club is sponsoring the Socialist Workers vice-presidential c a n d i d a t e on the CCNY c a m p u s , Thursday, Sept. 29 at noon. Just look for the crowd.

D uring the recently concluded pe tition d rive to get the SWP on the N ew Y o rk ba llo t, a “ h ip ” Dobbs-Weiss campaigner held the fo llo w in g exchange w ith a prospect.

Said the prospect: “ W hat do you dig, man?”

“ I d ig M arx, man.”“ T ha t’s communism, man.” “ I t ’s w ha t I dig.”“Man’s got to dig what he

digs,” said the prospect and signed the petition.

Is This Where You Came In?

I f you're still in your teens or early 20's, America's Great Depression is something you've heard or read about. But for millions of workers a line of hungry jobless like this one is a scene they'll never forget. W ith current signs pointing to a new recession a lot of people are asking, "W ill It Happen Again?" The ultimate answer depends on how soon the American working people take over our vast productive machine and start operating it for use instead of profit.

Besides a Bottleneck, Smith Serves as Cork

By Marvel Scholl

The nex t tim e you hear anyone argue tha t Congress carries out the wishes of the people, re m ind h im o f the ro le played by Mr. H oward W orth Sm ith, D ix - iecrat representative from V ir ginia, leader o f the Southern bloc of Democrats, and cha irman of the House Rules Comm ittee.

As chairm an of the Rules Committee, S m ith w ie lds im mense power. This committee has eight Democratic and fo u r Republican members. Sm ith, Colm er of M ississippi, and the Republicans tig h tly contro l the committee. Most of the rem aining s ix are jun io rs who “ depend on th is h ierarchy fo r favors and advancement,” according to the revealing a rtic le on th is congressional “ roadblock” in the Aug. 8 New Y o rk Times.

The Rules Committee can bo ttle up any leg is la tion i t dislikes. In the summer special session i t tied up o r mangled fo u r measures: the school construction b i l l already passed in d i f fe ren t form s by both House and Senate; a housing b i l l ; the For- and medical aid b i l l ; and the m in im um wage law.

The Rules Com m ittee was o rig in a lly set up to channel b ills out o f specific committees onto the House floor. I t usurped its present powers early in the centu ry when tw o Republican speakers, Thomas Reed and “ Uncle Joe” Cannon, converted i t in to an instrum ent fo r dom ina ting the House.

In 1937 Sm ith and other conservative Democrats, in coalition w ith equally reactionary Republicans, seized hold of the

Urge Aid to Victims Of Franco’s Terror

Veterans of the A braham L in coln Brigade have appealed to President E isenhower and P rem ier K hrushchev to in tervene at the com ing session o f the U nited Nations on behalf o f amnesty fo r a ll 6,000 p o lit ica l prisoners in Spain today. The group appealed to other delegation heads as w e ll.

The te x t of the cablegram sent Sept. 15 is as fo llow s:

“ Am erican veterans o f the in te rna tiona l brigades, w ho fough t against fascism in Spain, appeal to you to raise yo u r voice at the U nited Nations session fo r amnesty fo r a ll p o litica l prisoners in Spain. This is an act of s im ple justice w h ich a ll honest men w il l applaud.”

Committee to figh t against rem nants o f the New Deal. This combine has hung on ever since.

A ll leg is la tion before the House goes firs t to its appropriate comm ittee where i t is debated, amended, (and sometimes ju s t filed). Then i t goes to the Rules Committee, ostensibly fo r scheduling on the floor. A c tu a lly , unless i t meets the s tiff conservative c rite r ia o f the comm ittee ’s “ big s ix,” i t is pigeonholed inde fin ite ly , or so bu tchered tha t its o rig ina l in ten t is lost.

The comm ittee can employ many ways to gain its ends — other than ju s t s itting on a b ill u n til Congress adjourns. The most drastic is one S m ith has used to k i l l c iv il-r ig h ts measures: he ju s t disappears from W ashington so th a t his com m ittee cannot ca ll itse lf in to session!

In 1947 when that year's civil rights b ill was before the committee, Smith left town— rumor has it he went back to Virginia to see about one of his barns which had burned down. Sam Rayburn, speaker of the House, quipped: " Iknew Howard Smith would do anything to stop a civil rights bill but I didn't think he'd resort to arson."

There are three ways a b i l l can be rescued from ob liv ion in th is comm ittee:

(1) A pe tition ca rry ing 219 names (a m a jo rity of the House) can call i t out fo r debate on the floor.

(2) On tw o Wednesdays each month — calendar Wednesdays —other com m ittee chairm en can ca ll out th e ir pa rticu la r b ills w ith o u t approval o f the comm ittee. B u t i f they do so, the b ill must be debated and voted on th a t same day. There are so many committees w ith legislation filed away in the Rules Com m ittee tha t each chairm an gets about tw o chances a year to use th is p riv ilege .

(3) A com m ittee chairm an can call out his b i l l i f he can get a tw o -th irds m a jo rity vote from the House to do so. This is about as easy as “ beating the Yankees fo u r s tra igh t games in a W orld Series w ith o u t bats,” says the Times.

In 1958 the lib e ra l bloc in the House ta lked cockily, before Congress, o f changing the rules to take away S m ith ’s veto pow ers over legislation. B u t they ran in to stubborn opposition from Speaker Sam R ayburn and got nowhere. Sm ith and his crew are s till able to scuttle any progressive legislation.

A d v e rt is e m e n t A d v e rt is e m e n t

DR. ANNETTE T. RUBINSTEINAnnounces

tha t a European lecture to u r th is fa ll, to include the U.S.S.R. Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic and England, makes i t impossib le fo r her to accept speaking engagements in the U nited States u n til

JANUARY, 1961H er annual cross country, West Coast Tour w ill be arranged for

M A R C H & A PR IL , 1961Address a ll inqu iries to

TH E N A T IO N A L G U A R D IA N 197 E. 4th St., N .Y . 9, Box 1

Free Speech Issue Debated At N.Y. Forum

“ We should not hide behind the cops but come out ourselves in a counter dem onstration,” said Conrad Lynn , noted c iv il- libe rties attorney, at a New Y ork symposium Sept. 20 sponsored by the Emergency C iv il L iberties Com m ittee on the subject: “ Should Nazis be denied Freedom of Speech.”

The ECLC had opposed M ayor W agner’s w ith d ra w a l o f a perm it fo r L inco ln R ockwell, a p ro fessed Nazi, to speak in U nion Square. The Com m unist party , w hich had called fo r W agner’s suppression o f R ockwell, subsequen tly attacked the po licy of the ECLC.

A rn o ld Johnson, v ice -cha irman o f the New Y o rk Comm un is t pa rty argued, “ C iv il L ibe rties were served by the prevention of R ockw e ll’s speech. . . . To advocate free speech fo r Nazis is the same as advocating free speech fo r scabs. . . . The Nazis m ust be denied the use of the halls and streets o f New Y o rk .”

"The interests of the w orking class are best served by the p r e s e r v a t i o n of free speech," said Leonard B. Boudin, general counsel of the ECLC. He noted that the arguments used to support Wagner's action against Rockwell were the same "as those used by the Dodds and the Easllands."

Mrs. June Gordon, chairm an of the Emma Lazarus Federatio n o f Jew ish Women, to ld o f her organization’s efforts to get W agner to w ith d ra w R ockw e ll’s speaking perm it. She said, “ We were exercising our r ig h t o f pe tition under the firs t amendm ent.”

D r. Corliss Lam ont, who chaired the m eeting read a statem ent adopted by the N ationa l Council o f ECLC in defense o f its position o f c iv il libe rties fo r everyone.

A lso speaking in support o f the ECLC po licy w ere D r. C la rk Foreman, d irec to r o f ECLC; Dr. Royal W. France, secretary o f the N ationa l Law yers G u ild and Prof. D av id Haber o f Rutgers U n ive rs ity .

A d v e rt is e m e n t

Slump in Production of Steel May Portend Wide Decline

By William F. Warde

Portents of a new recession keep p ilin g up. Consumer buy ing is hesitant. Home b u ild ing is sluggish. C ap ita l expansion plans have slowed down. M any forecasters expect a drop in indus tria l p ro duction fo r August.

The situation is especially ominous in steel, the basic gauge o f indus tria l a c tiv ity . P roduction has hovered fo r many weeks now around 50% of capacity w ith no sure evidence of the antic ipated upswing.

“ The delay in the expected up tu rn in steel ou tpu t is casting a shadow over the outlook fo r the general economy,” noted Sam Dawson, AP business analyst. “ Business is used to the ups and downs in the steel in dustry. B u t when one of the ups doesn’t come along on schedule, business gets ne rvous.”

The steel workers are much more disturbed than the employers. Declaring that the steel industry is "in a real depression," the Wage Policy group of the United Steelworkers pointed out in Washington last month that 135,- 000 members of their union are unemployed and another 350,000 are underemployed.

Steel Profits Soar

W hile h a lf the to ta l m em bership o f the steel union is suffering from the slum p in th e ir in dustry, the steel barons are prospering. U.S. Steel pro fits fo r the firs t h a lf o f th is year came very close to an a ll-t im e record high. The company made $193.5 m illions in s ix months, earning 11.79% o f its net w orth . Th is is almost double the 6% re tu rn considered as norm al earnings on invested capital.

Th is means tha t few er w o rk ers are producing more steel at greater p ro fit to the corporation. The rap id pace o f technological advance is th ro w in g more and more people ou t o f w ork .

The latest governm ent figures reveal tha t 5.9% o f the people who wanted jobs in August couldn’t find them. This was the highest percentage fo r any month since November 1959 when the steel s tr ike was on.

The total of adult men out of work has risen for three straight months. This index is ominous because unemployment among adult men rose before each of the last three postwar recessions and was one of the first signals that a recession was under way.“ These are the people who

need and w an t jobs and who stay in there and keep look ing ,” said one W ashington o ffic ia l. “ They don’t d r i f t in and out of the labor force the w ay the teen-agers do.”

Long-term prospects fo r em

p loym ent are as dism al as the short-te rm outlook, contends the Sept. 1 U n ited M ine W orkers Journa l. “ The labor force d u ring the past seven years grew by 5.4 m illio n w h ile new jobs increased by on ly 3.4 m illion . T ha t’s a defic it o f tw o m illio n jobs. The num ber o f fu l l tim e jobs actua lly has decreased by 500,000 du ring the past three years.

Gap Widens

“ There are tw o m illio n less jobs in m anufacturing, m in ing and the ra ilroad indus try now than there were in 1953. The to ta l num ber of man-hours w orked in p riva te indus try to day is less than in 1053. There is an ever-w iden ing gap between our a b ility to produce goods and services and our actual production. Th is means tha t both p lants and people are id le, as coal m iners w e ll know .”

I f th is trend continues, the m iners paper predicts, there w il l be a de fic it o f 500,000 jobs each year o r five m illio n more re gu la rly unemployed at the end o f the nex t decade.

This assumes that the economy w ill continue to operate at the present levels. But, says the Sept. 16 W all S t r e e t Journal, "most recession forecasters look for a decline late this year or early next."W hile the steel and m ine

union leaders express deep concern over the state o f the economy, they offer no program adequate to w ard o ff the slum p and assure em ploym ent to the ir members. T he ir m ain recourse is to the Dem ocratic and R epublican parties w h ich are bound to the cap ita lis t pro fiteering and anarchy responsible fo r insecurity and recession.

SWP Proposals

The Socialist W orkers candidates are proposing three main steps to counteract the consequences o f the im pend ing capita lis t slum p:

(1) Establish the 30-hour week at forty hours pay.

(2) Extend unemployment insurance to every worker, and at fu ll union scale for the fu ll period of waiting for a job.

(3) Let the government take over all facilities made idle by cutbacks, automation, mergers, decentralization, runaways or depression. Operate them under charge of committees elected by the workers.

A d v e r t is e m e n t A d v e r t is e m e n t

How You Can Help Spread The Message of Socialism Give the following to your friends and shopmates:

Socialist Workers Party Election Platform

This eight-page fo lde r te lls how to forge ahead in the struggle fo r peace, economic security, democracy and fu l l equality.

What Socialists WantDo you w ant free medical care fo r a ll, an end to slums,

free speech, no more atom ic testing? I f so, le t th is e igh t- page fo lde r speak fo r you, fo r these are the th ings th a t socialists w ant, too.

Send $1 for each package of 100 folders Dobbs-Weiss Campaign Committee 116 University Place, New York 3, N.Y.

Learn More About SocialismT h e se b o o k s a n d p a m p h le ts w i l l

h e lp y o u b e t te r u n d e rs ta n d th e b a s ic is su e s in th e e le c t io n b y g iv in g y o u th e s o c ia l is t v ie w s on p o l i t ic s , e c o n o m ic s . h is to r y , r a c ia l d is c r im in a t io n , r e lig io n , th e S o v ie t U n io n a n d o th e r q u e s tio n s .

B o o k s b y Ja m e s P . C a n n o n : N O T E B O O K O F A N A G IT A T O R . S o

c ia l is t jo u rn a lis m a t i t s b e s t — h u m o r , sadn ess, ir o n y , a n g e r, th e in s p ir in g v is io n o f ’ th e A m e r ic a to be . C lo th , $ 4 ; p a p e r $2 .50

T H E H IS T O R Y O F A M E R IC A N T R O T S K Y IS M . T h e fo u n d e r o f th e S o c ia l is t W o r k e rs p a r t y t e l ls a b o u t i t s o r ig in s a n d d i f f i c u l t e a r ly y e a rs . C lo th , $ 2 .7 5 ; p a p e r, $2.

S O C IA L IS M A N D D E M O C R A C Y . H o w c a p i ta l is m r e s t r ic t s a n d s o c ia lis m w i l l e x p a n d d e m o c ra t ic r ig h ts . $. I 5

S O C IA L IS M O N T R IA L . T e s t im o n y a t th e f i r s t S m ith A c t p ro s e c u t io n s . $.50

E U G E N E V . D E B S . A c h ie v e m e n ts a n d s h o r tc o m in g s o f th e p io n e e r s o c ia l is t le a d e r. $.25

B o o k s b y L e o n T r o t s k y :M Y L IF E . R e m in is c e n c e s o f a s to r m y

c a re e r . $2 .45 T H E R E V O L U T IO N B E T R A Y E D .

W h a t th e S o v ie t U n io n is a n d w h e re i t is h e a d in g . $2 ,

T H E R U S S IA N R E V O L U T IO N . Ag o o d a b r id g e d e d it io n . $1 .45

L IT E R A T U R E A N D R E V O L U T IO N . A M a r x is t t r e a tm e n t o f th e r e la t io n s b e tw e e n a r t a n d s o c ia l d e v e lo p m e n t. $2.98

E U R O P E A N D A M E R IC A . H o w U .S . c a p i ta l is m to o k th e O ld W o r ld in to w . $.50

I F A M E R IC A S H O U L D G O C O M M U N IS T . E x p lo d in g b u g a b o o s a n d m is u n d e rs ta n d in g s a b o u t a s o c ia li s t A m e rica *. $.25

W o r k s on H is to r y , P h ilo s o p h y , L a b o r , th e N e g ro S t r u g g le :

T H E L O N G V IE W O F H IS T O R Y , b yW i l l ia m F . W a rd e . T h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f m a n k in d f r o m th e p r im a te to o u r o w n d a y . $.35

T H E IR R E G U L A R M O V E M E N T O F H IS T O R Y , b y W il l ia m F . W a rd e . E x p la in in g th e la w o f u n e v e n a n d c o m b in e d d e v e lo p m e n t. $.25

A N IN T R O D U C T IO N T O T H E L O G IC O F M A R X IS M , b y W il l ia m F. W a rd e . T h e b a s ic id e a s o f d ia le c t ic a l m a te r ia l is m . M im e o g ra p h e d . $ 1-

T H E S O C IA L IS T W O R K E R S P A R T Y— W h a t i t is : W h a t i t s ta n d s fo r , b y J o se p h H a n s e n . $.25

B A B IE S ? b y J o se p h Is “ T h e P o p u la t io n E x m e n a ce " t o m a n k in d ?

T O O M A N YH a n s e n . Is p lo s io n “ a $.25

W H IC H W A Y F O R L A B O R : D e m o c r a t ic P a r t y o r L a b o r P a r ty ? b y M u r r y W e is s . C h a r t in g a n e w p o l i t i c a l r o a d f o r U .S . u n io n is m . $.25

A N T I-N E G R O P R E J U D IC E : W h e nI t B e g a n : W h e n I t W i l l E n d , b y G e o rg e B re i tm a n . $ .10

N E G R O E S O N T H E M A R C H , b y D a n ie l G u e r in . $ I .

S O C IA L IS M A N D T H E C H U R C H E S , b y R osa L u x e m b u rg . T h e a t t i t u d e o f M a rx is m o n th e re l ig io u s is s u e in p o l i t ic s a n d p e rs o n a l l i fe . $.25

Just Published W HERE IS B R ITA IN

GOING?B y Leon T ro tsky

A re is s u e o f T r o t s k y 's lo n g o u t- o f - p r in t a n a ly s is o f th e L a b or P a r t y a n d i t s le a d e rs h ip . $1.5

P r ic e s in c lu d e p o s ta g e a n d m a il in g c o s t . S end f o r fre e c a ta lo g .

Pioneer Publishers116 University Place New York 3, N .Y.

Monday, September 26, 1960 T H E M I L I T A N T Page Three

S u b s c r ip t io n : $3 a y e a r ; C a n a d ia n , $ 3 .5 0 ; fo re ig n , $4 .5 0 . t h e MILITANT S e co n d c la s s p o s ta g e p a ida t N e w Y o rk , N . Y .E d i t o r : J O S E P H H A N S E N M a n a g in g E d i t o r : D A N IE L R O B E R T S B u s in e s s M a n a g e r : K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

P u b lis h e d w e e k ly , e x c e p t f ro m J u ly H to S e p t. 5 w h e n p u b lis h e d b iw e e k ly , b y th e M i l i t a n t P u b lis h in g A s s n ., 116 U n iv e r s i t y P I., N e w Y o rk 3, N .Y . P h o n e C H 3 -2 1 4 0 .

S ig n e d a r t ic le s b y c o n t r ib u to r s d o n o t n e c e s s a r i ly re p re s e n t th e M i l i t a n t 's p o l ic ie s . T h e s e a re e xp re s s e d in e d ito r ia ls .

Vol. X X IV — No. 34 Monday, September 26, 1960

"You Never Had It So Good"Republican campaigners w ith N ixon

at th e ir head are going about the country shouting, “ We never had i t so good!” A n y one who dares m ention poverty in 1960 is presum ably a dissem inator of “ despair and doubt” about the greatness of Am erica ready fo r questioning by the House Un- Am erican A c tiv itie s Committee.

The Democrats agree tha t we are a ll en joy ing the com forts and sharing the rewards of our socalled “ a ffluen t society.” B u t they contend tha t i t w i l l be much bette r under th e ir adm in istra tion .

Both t r y to sweep under the rug the fo llo w in g rea lities of our economic life today. A fte r years of boom, w idespread poverty exists in the U.S. In mid-1960 seven m illio n o f our fe llow citizens depend on ch a rity fo r th e ir existence. And 4 1/2 m illio n Am ericans don’t get the m in im um needed fo r decent fa m ily liv in g !

Professor Robert Lam pm an of the U n ive rs ity o f W isconsin recently made a study of low-incom e fam ilies fo r the Jo in t Econom ic Com m ittee of the U nited States. He a rrived at the conclusion th a t today at least 20% o f a ll Am ericans — one-fifth of the nation — live close to the poverty line or below it.

This is not th e ir personal fa u lt. The m a jo r factors o f poverty, he found, were low wages and irre g u la r em ploym ent, dependent old age, inadequate education, discrim ina tion because of color, broken homes and households in w h ich the male breadw in n e r has become incapacitated. These are la rge ly social causes.

Poverty is p a rtic u la r ly acute in areas of chronic unem ploym ent and under-emp loym ent w h ich now exist in more than one-half of the states. The W ashington Post w ro te about the distress in the ten- state Appalachian region: “ Tens of thousands of Am ericans live in appa lling poverty . L ive? No, they ha rd ly exist. W hole

counties are precariously held together by a flou r-and-d ried -m ilk paste of surplus foods. The school lunch program provides m any ch ild ren w ith th e ir on ly decent meals. R elie f has become a w ay of life fo r once proud and aggressively independent m ounta in fam ilies .”

W h ile m illions o f fam ilies are depressed to substandard levels, the rich certa in ly “ never had i t so good.” They are ge tting re la tive ly riche r and paying a sm aller share of taxes on th e ir bloated in comes.

A t least 30% of the coun try ’s personal wealth is owned by the top 1.6% of the adu lt population. A lm ost tw o -th irds of a ll stocks is owned by 5.7% of a ll Am erican fam ilies.

B u t in 1958 on ly 18.6% of the income of the top 5% w ent in taxes to the government. They don’t pay more taxes bu t less than the poor, proportionate ly.

In addition , the r ich benefit from capita l gains on investm ents and expense account outlays. Accord ing to Labor Economic Review, over $10 b illio n annua lly has been received v ia capita l gains and i l l ic i t expense accounts in recent years.

There is no excuse fo r any poverty in a country w ith our immense productive potentia l. A ra tiona l economy could easily and speedily provide abundance fo r everyone. W hat stands in the w ay is the capita lis t system: its pro fiteering , its inequa lity , its waste, anarchy, vast m ilita ry expenditures, its misuse of labor power and its incapacity to u tilize our resources.

This balance sheet since the end of the Second W orld W ar, a fte r fo u r years of Dem ocratic and e ight years of Republican ru le , is in itse lf a dam ning ind ic tm en t of capita lism and a pow erfu l argum ent fo r supporting candidates in favo r of a changeover to the pro fit-free , planned economy of socialism.

Grease Boys for the Oil KingsThe Dem ocratic and Republican nom i

nees cannot be counted on to do m uch fo r the underpaid, the sick, the old fo lks and the d iscrim inated m inorities. B u t they are guaranteeing to take care of one sm all section o f our citizens in the lu x u ry to w h ich they are accustomed. These are the o il and gas magnates.

One of E isenhower’s firs t acts when he took office in 1953 was to sign a b il l handing over off-shore o il r igh ts to the states, opening up pools of petro leum w o rth b illions to the o il monopolies.

Now, in his firs t speech in Texas, N ixon endorsed the 27 1/2 per cent depletion allowance on o il and gas. I t is reported tha t th is announcement drew cheers from his Dallas audience, the loudest o f a ll ve ry lik e ly from the richest among them.

The o il depletion provisions have long been one of the m a jo r scandals of our federa l tax setup. They p e rm it o il and gas producers to deduct from taxable income 27 1/2 per cent of th e ir gross earnings from such operations. O ther m in ing industries are allowed various deductions ranging down to five per cent. This has enabled o il, gas and m in ing interests to p ile up huge fortunes at the expense of the consumers.

The opposition to th is $2 1/2 b illio n tax- allowance racket has become so vocal tha t the Dem ocratic convention pu t a p lank in its p la tfo rm p ledging the closing of “ loop

holes” in the Federal tax laws., inc lud ing “ depletion allowances w h ich are inequ itab le.”

However, campaigning in New M exico on September 13, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson assured o il men tha t the Democrats who contro lled Congress w ould protect them against reduction of tax-depletion rates. He pointed out th a t over the years on ly a hand fu l of senators had supported period ica l attem pts to cut the special tax benefits.

Then Senator Anderson, o f New Mexico, who helped w rite the Democratic p lank, assured the same audience th a t i t was not aimed at o il production at a ll bu t on ly at the “ inequ itab le ” application to products in finished form .

House Speaker Sam Rayburn, Johnson’s sidekick, boasted before 650 pa rty contribu tors at Ab ilene tha t he and Representative Ikarm d, another Texas Democrat, had “ held the lin e ” against legislation to reduce the allowances in the House Ways and Means Comm ittee, w h ich in itiates tax legislation.

The lib e ra l New Y o rk Post complains th a t Johnson has p u b lic ly repudiated his p a rty ’s p la tfo rm pledge on the o il depletion allowance issue. He has also done the same on c iv il righ ts. B u t isn ’t tha t w hy the Texas m illio n a ire is in the Senate— and on the D em ocratic ticket?

Cuba and the LiberalsD u rin g the tw enty-one m onths since

the Cuban revo lu tion began, the m a jo r ity of libe ra ls in th is country have e ithe r been s ilen t about i t or openly hostile. The New Republic, fo r instance, one of the most p rom inen t organs o f libe ra lism , devoted on ly about fo u r or five artic les or ed ito ria ls to the happenings in Cuba. Tw o o r three o f these were noncom m itta l and one stated th a t i t is “ at least possible tha t Castro is e ithe r a dupe or know ing a lly of the Comm unists.”

O ther periodicals lis ted on the lib e ra l side, such as the Reporter, have been hostile . In addition , the po litica l spokesmen of libera lism , such as A d la i Stevenson, have voiced und ilu ted enm ity to the Cuban cause.

The sole exception to th is cold fro n t p u t up by Am erican libera ls has been the Nation, w h ich from the beginning supplied background artic les as w e ll as in form ed and competent analyses o f developments since the revo lu tion , a ll fr ie n d ly to the asp ira tions and achievements of the Cuban people.

Now other libera ls appear to be w a rm ing to the Cuban revo lu tion . In its Sept. 12 issue, the New Republic is cautiously veering around. The editors in v ite a d is

cussion of the Cuban revo lu tion and begin i t w ith an a rtic le by Samuel Shapiro entit le d “ Cuba, A D issenting R eport” w h ich takes up the fu l l issue.

Shapiro ’s a rtic le review s the crimes of the Batista regim e and w hy i t was overth ro w n and lis ts the achievements o f the Castro regim e since Jan. 1, 1959. He disposes o f the p rinc ipa l lies spread by the State Departm ent and cap ita lis t press. Before w r it in g the a rtic le , Shapiro v is ited Cuba, and like o ther objective observers his sympathies fo r the Cuban cause were aroused by w ha t he saw.

Am erican libera ls have been badly d is illusioned by S ta lin ism , w h ich u tilized th e ir enthusiasm fo r the Soviet U nion d u ring the 1930’s to support such abominations as the Moscow Fram e-up T ria ls , cyn ica l d ip lom atic deals and o ther betrayals of m ank ind ’s highest ideals. The libera ls then allowed the State D epartm ent to b ra in wash them, and they carried over the re sults of th e ir d is illus ionm ent and b ra in washing to the Cuban events.

However, i f Shapiro ’s a rtic le in the New Republic is any ind ica tion , i t now appears as i f the pow e rfu l appeal o f the Cuban revo lu tion is beginn ing to k in d le new sym pathy fo r revo lu tiona ry causes among the liberals.

Cuban Farmers Discuss Co-operatives

M i l i t a n t p h o to b y J . H .

These tobacco farmers in Cuba's fertile P inar del Rio province discuss the advisability of joining a co-operative. They explained to Farrell Dobbs, during his visit to Cuba last spring, how much better things are today than under Batista's dictatorship. Cuban farmers as a whole are very much interested in the political views of fam ily farmers in the U.S. and their attitude toward the Cuban Revolution. Declarations of support such as the one below are certain to encourage them in their friendly feeling toward Americans and help them retain their confidence in the value of international solidarity.

Farmers’ Association Protests State Dept. “ Hate Cuba” Policy

[As an expression of opinion of an important sector of American farmers, the following letter, we think w ill be of interest to many of our readers. It is reprinted from the July-August issue of the U.S. Farm News of Des Moines, Iowa. —— Editor.]

J u ly 13, 1960The President D w ig h t D. Eisenhower The W hite House Washington, D.C.

Dear M r. President:This le tte r is w r it te n to ex

press our displeasure over your hand ling o f the Cuban situation. O ur Board o f D irectors, in th e ir m eeting today moved to voice strong protests against you r economic boycott as exem plified by cu tting the Cuban sugar quota and they are even more concerned about the poorly veiled m ilita ry threats directed against the Governm ent o f P rem ier F ide l Castro.

We were surprised to hear the suggestion th a t the differences w ith Cuba were to be referred to the O rganization o f Am erican States.

I t is our understanding tha t the C harter o f O.A.S. (a rtic le 16) forb ids the k in d o f economic w arfa re now being waged against Cuba at you r direction.

I f we are in e rro r about this, we w il l be obliged i f you w il l correct us.

Cuba ce rta in ly needed land re fo rm and nationa liz ing some basic industries can h a rd ly be considered jus tifica tion fo r the hostile d ip lom atic bombardm ent to w hich Cuba is now being subjected especially since ou r Countr y is subsidizing some other countries th a t have done so.

Since our G overnm ent has in stitu ted, encouraged and subsidized land re fo rm on the other side o f the W orld to gain some po litica l advantage there, are we not ge tting in a lud icrous position i f we now scream against a neighbor in th is hemisphere because i t decides to practice a l it t le land re fo rm v ia its own do-it-you rse lf k it?

In ou r ca re fu lly considered view , M r. President, i t ha rd ly

becomes a Governm ent th a t has ju s t been caught in serious fa ls ifications in in te rna tiona l affairs to now deign to make m ora liz ing po litica l lectures to a new Governm ent s trugg ling heroica lly to free its people from the oppressive exp lo ita tion o f fo r eign monopolies.

We take note also o f the re fe rence now being made to the a ll bu t fo rgo tten Monroe D octrine and the poss ib ility o f invok ing it to stop the expanding trade and exchange o f cu ltu ra l re la tions between Cuba and the Sov ie t Union.

A C ountry tha t has spread- eagled itse lf a ll over the globe w ith m ilita ry bases w ith no re gard to the sphere o f influence o f any other coun try — a Countr y tha t w ou ld not countenance a Monroe D octrine fo r Asia can scarcely hide behind th is ta ttered fig lea f today.

Moreover, the best answer to th is sort o f a th rea t is w ith in the Monroe D octrine itself.

This 1823 Doctrine, m y dear M r. President, was James M onroe’s w arn ing to the H o ly A lliance in Europe. Monroe said “ Hands O ff the New W orld ” to the Monarchs of Europe not to new Countries tha t had ju s t won independence. For t h i s he agreed to stay out of the wars o f European powers in w hich “ we have never taken any part, nor does it com port w ith our po licy to do so.”

We can’t ve ry w e ll ignore th is D octrine when i t no longer comports w ith our po licy and then use a strained in te rp re ta tion of it when it suits our fancy.

We have not forgotten the natu re and character of our own N ational orig ins nor the revo lu tionary s p ir it tha t moves our forbears to b rin g fo r th our Decla ra tion o f Independence.

There is good reason to believe tha t w ha t Cuban people have suffered fa r exceeds the “ long tra in o f abuses and usurpations” o f w h ich our Colonists complained in 1776.

We w ant you to know , M r. President, th a t i t is not on ly our da rke r skinned brothers south o f the border w ho are sympathe tic to the hopes and aspira-

“ Used to Buy Slaves; Now They Lease Them”

“ D uring a recent t r ip to C a lifo rn ia we had the th r il l in g experience o f seeing thousands o f ag ricu ltu ra l w orkers demanding — and getting — a la rger share from th e ir labor when comes the harvest," w rites H a rry Koger, leader o f the U nited W orker s movement w h ich is he lp ing to organize fa rm w orkers in East Texas.

“ There the AFL-C IO -backed ag ricu ltu ra l workers, led by capable, ha rd -w ork ing D irector Norman S m ith and his capable, ha rd -w ork ing staff, are again dem onstrating tha t i t pays to organize,” his le tte r continues. “ There we saw organized fa rm workers ge tting more than double the p reva iling wages now being paid in Texas — and refusing to w ork fo r less.”

In C a lifo rn ia , as a resu lt o f union demands, im porta tion of fa rm w orkers is lim ite d and they cannot be used as strike-breakers

, in the op in ion o f Koger. In T e x a s , wholesale

im porta tion o f M exican nationals (braceros) is s t i l l perm itted w ith few restrictions— even in to areas plagued by chronic unem ploym ent and un believable poverty.

M any big Texas ranchers are now im porting ranch hands f r om fa r away Jamaica. These men w il l be separated from th e ir w ives and ch ildren fo r tw o and one-half years o f ten-hour days — at ve ry low wages. “ In East Texas,” reports Koger, “ we recently ta lked w ith a Negro trac to r d r iv e r who had been w ork ing fo r 20 cents an hour— $2 fo r a ten-hour day. (Later, a small farm er, a leader in the U nited Neighbors movement, h ired h im at a h igher wage and shorter day.” )

K o ger w rites tha t he was re m inded of a shouted observation he heard in one of the big ag ricu ltu ra l w orkers 1-allies in C a lifo rn ia : “ They used to buy slaves — now they s im p ly lease them .”

tions o f F ide l Castro and his people, bu t farm ers in the heartland o f U.S.A. w ho have not yet been Bensonized off th e ir farm s ar e also sympathetic.

We w ant to live in peace and friendsh ip w ith the Cuban people and we expect our G overnment to represent us, not just a few heartless monopolies tha t w an t to exp lo it the labor and resources o f Cuba.

S incerely yours,F. W . Stover, President U.S. Farmers' Association

The American Way of Life

A Dream FulfilledA re tired Negro w o rke r who

realized a life -long dream was the subject of a hum an interest story in the Sept. 3 New Y o rk H erald T ribune .

W illia m Ty le r, 78, re tired as a sleeping-car po rte r in 1938. For 11 years a fte r tha t he worked as a bank guard.

“ A spare man w ith h igh-bu t- ton shoes and a cap set at a jaunty angle,” the H erald T r ib une reports, “ M r. T y le r appears to be a person of great d ig n ity .”

On in te rv iew ing M r. T y le r w h ile he was in New Y o rk on vacation, the paper said he is “ a man who has every r ig h t to go down in h is to ry as one of the great legendary figures o f ra i lroading.”

T y le r le ft New Y o rk “ w ith a qu ie t sm ile on his face and a feeling of profound contentm ent inside . . . the reason fo r his feeling of great w e ll-be ing was tha t he was r id in g in a P ullm an which he had h ired to take h im on a coast-to-coast tour.”

Accom panying M r. T y le r on the vacation of his dreams was his w ife , his land lady and five other friends.

“ The Southern Pacific thought I was k in d o f goofy when I ca lled up and asked about h ir in g a sleeper fo r a tr ip to the East,” M r. T y le r said. “ The man to ld me it w ould cost around $7,500. I said, ‘Fine, I ’l l send you a check fo r $8,500 in case i t ’s any more.’ ”

You th in k tha t i t ’s d iff ic u lt— even in Am erica — fo r a re tired P u llm an po rte r to realize tha t k ind o f dream? Not at a il. Every Am erican w o rke r has the same opportun ity . Just buy yourse lf an Ir ish sweepstake ticke t and w in $140,000 the w ay M r. T y le r did.

"No Luck Yet"A nother hum an-in terest story

— th is one about a man who d idn ’t w in the sweepstakes — appeared in the Sept. 13 M inneapolis S tar. The fo llo w in g are excerpts.

“ H arold ( D u s t y) Scheller

w orked 15 hours Labor Day operating a ride fo r Royal A m e rican shows a t the M innesota State Fair.

“ Scheller, who says he is $3,- 400 in debt, helped the carn iva l set up and w orked every day of the fa ir. H is to ta l salary was $96, ‘about 50 cents an hour,’ Schelle r said.

“ He had been fired from his job d r iv in g a cement tru ck in M inneapolis on Aug. 12 because creditors had garnished p a rt of his last tw o pay checks.

“ Last Thursday D usty was un employed again . . . D usty, 28, his w ife , Barbara, 17, and th e ir son, Guy, 2, slept in a park ing lo t in th e ir $75, 1951-model car th a t n ight.

“ ‘M y land lo rd d idn ’t ev ic t me. I ju s t to ld h im i t was no use p ilin g up the ren t payments anymore,’ Dusty said.

“ Wednesday, t h e Schellers stayed w ith a fr iend . Thursday n igh t they slept in the car again . . .

“ ‘I t wasn’t hard sleeping in the car,’ D usty said. ‘O ur old apartm ent had poor ven tila tion and i t was a w fu lly hot up there . . .

“ ‘I spent the week answering job openings bu t no luck yet. I t seems there ’s always six men app ly ing fo r the same position,’ he said . . .

“ M eanwhile, Mrs. Scheller is consulting a doctor to see i f she w il l need an operation as a re- su lt o f a car accident e ight weeks ago.

“ Though doctor b ills could be $1,000 fo r Mrs. Scheller’s operation

, Dusty said he is qu ite sure the insurance company of the o ther d riv e r w il l pay the expenses . . .

“ The Schellers also said they owed $1,100 on fu rn itu re they purchased . . .

“ Saturday the Schellers said they had on ly $1.10 to the ir name.

“ Dusty applied fo r unem ployment compensation Wednesday bu t w on’t know u n til Sept. 19 w hether he’s e lig ib le .”

In Other Lands

Cuba Seizes Wall Street BanksTobacco Industry Also Taken O ver By the Government

Cuba moved fu r th e r along the road to complete nationalization of in dus try Sept. 16 w hen the governm ent seized a ll A m e rican-owned banks, 16 cigar factories, 15 cigarette factories and 20 tobacco warehouses.

The banks, Chase M anhattan, F irs t N ational C ity o f N ew Y ork and F irs t N ational o f Boston held combined holdings w orth $40 m illio n according to a m ourn fu l report in the W all S treet Journal.

“ The banks had been in Cuba more than h a lf a century. For many years th e ir biggest a c tiv ity was financing Am erican- owned sugar m ills ,” the big- business paper explained.

O ffic ia ls o f F irs t N ational took a chins-up a ttitude on the seizure, c la im ing th a t the “ loss w ou ld not affect profits o f the bank, since any such loss w ould be taken from accumulated re serves.” These, they boasted, were “ am ply abundant.”

The bank-seizure act, signed by Prem ier F ide l Castro, declared tha t the banks had been “ decisive factors in the process o f deform ation o f Cuba’s econom ic structure .” They were “ one o f the most e ffic ien t in strum ents o f im peria lis tic medd ling in our h is to rica l developm ent.”

M a jo r Che Guevara, who heads the N ational Bank of Cuba, to ld a m eeting o f bank w orkers tha t the p lan now is to merge the banking system in to a s ingle state-owned ins titu tion .

The present h igh-pa id executives w il l be discharged, Guevara said, “ because th e ir m enta lity is not adaptable to the needs o f the revo lu tion .”

Thus fa r a to ta l o f $850 m illion o f the approxim ate ly $1 b i llio n in p roperty fo rm e rly held by Am erican interests has been taken over. The $150 m illio n le ft to go is represented m a in ly by the holdings o f the Moa Bay M in ing Co., a subsid iary of Freeport Sulphur, and the N i- caro n ick le mines. Moa Bay has been “ in te rvened” and a comm ittee o f Cubans is in W ashington try in g to negotiate purchase of N icaro w hich is held by the U.S. governm ent.

In the take-overs, the W all S treet Journa l noted on ly one hopeful ind ication. Accord ing to “ Am erican sources,” the “ Cuban governm ent has te n ta tive ly o ffered to hand back the Good

year p la n t” w h ich was taken a week ago. The reason appears to be tha t Goodyear buys about $2 m illio n o f rayon tire cor d annua lly from a governm ent- owned plant.

“ I f the Goodyear p lan t is handed back,” said the W all S treet Journal, “ i t w ou ld be the firs t such reversal since the Castro regim e started tak ing over fore ign p roperty a year ago.”

Canadian Unions Backed by CCF in Labor Party Project

A t the s ixteenth national convention o f the Canadian Comm onwealth Federation l a s t m onth, 329 delegates voted unanim ously to jo in forces w ith the Canadian Labor Congress to launch a new nationa l labor party , reports the Sept. W orkers Vanguard o f Toronto. The La bor Congress, Canadian equ iva lent of the A FL-C IO , has already gone on record to set up an in dependent nationa l p o litica l o rganization against the tw o cap ita lis t parties.

The Co-operative Commonw ealth Federation was started 27 years ago at the depths o f the depression w ith the declared in ten tion to “ er adicate capita lism and put in to operation the fu ll program of socialized p lann ing” and was com m itted to “ stand resolute ly against a ll participation

in im pe ria lis t w ar s.” H ow ever, i t fa iled to live up to its o rig ina l princip les, having supported the Second W orld W ar and softening in 1956 even its verbal opposition to capitalism .

The delegates to its fina l convention were at odds w ith the pa rty leadership on fore ign p o licy. A fte r a prolonged and sharp conflic t w ith the en tire leadership, they voted 85 to 72 fo r a resolution w hich in pa rt declared tha t “ Since N ATO has become a pu re ly m ilita ry o rganization, Canada should im m ediately w i t h d r a w from N ATO .”

The new ly elected national head of the CCF repudiated the convention stand on N ATO in a subsequent broadcast, saying he did not consider the resolution b ind ing upon the incom ing nationa l council.

“ This convention made i t transparently clear,” concludes W orkers Vanguard, “ tha t the str uggle to give the new pa rty a figh ting an ticap ita lis t po licy w il l b ring th e m ilitan ts head-long up against the misleaders o f labor, both the old CCF gang and the trade un ion bureaucr acy.”

Leftward Shift Noted A t Union Congress In Great Britain

The decisions of the e ig h t-m illion strong B ritish Trades U nion Congress to oppose the m anufacture o f the H -bom b and extend nationa lization m ark a n o table sh ift to the le ft in the B r i t ish labor movement. This repudiation

o f his rig h t-w in g policies by the unions makes i t questionable w hether the present Labor pa rty chief Hugh G a itske ll can or w il l re ta in his post when the party conference meets at Scarborough Oct. 3.

M r. G a itske ll ’s main antagonist is F rank Cousins, secr etar y of the 1,200,000 member Transpo rt and General W orkers Union. He headed the successful figh t in the TUC to re ta in clause fo u r in the Labor p a rty constitu tion w hich calls fo r the public ownership o f production, d istr ib u tio n and exchange. He pressed fo r un ila te ra l nuclear disarm am ent and fo r an end to Am erican air-bases in B rita in .

“ The movement s t i l l believed it could not have socialism fu l ly applied w ith o u t contro l of large sections of m a jor industr y ,” Cousins said at the TUC.

He is also reported to have rem arked: “ I don’t w an t reformism

. I can get reform ism from the Tories.” The b low delive red to the r ig h t-w in g by the TUC decisions make i t possible fo r the firs t tim e in many years fo r B ritish labor to have a po licy fundam enta lly d iffe ren t from tha t of the Tories.

Despite his progressive stand on the key p o litica l issues, Cousins voted at the TUC fo r a rig h t-w in g resolution w h ich advocated curb ing the rights of m ilita n t shop stewards.

A d v e r t is e m e n t

Too Many Babies?A New Pamphlet

by Joseph Hansen

A M a rx is t answer to some fr ig h te n in g questions: Is a “ popula tion explosion” the w o rld ’s m ain danger? W ill ou r p lanet become too crowd-ed

to stand on? W ill mass s te riliza tion help to stamp out hunger?

48-pages 25 cents

Pioneer Publishers 116 University Place New York 3, N . Y .

Letters from Our ReadersSees Example For U.S. Labor In SaskatchewanE dito r:

I read you r report tha t Canada now has a labor party . I spent a num ber of years in Saskatchewan, and found the citizens there more in te llig e n t and class-conscious than the people liv in g in the USA. In fact, there is more freedom of expression and press in Canada than in the USA. There was less g ra ft and corruption and not the m alicious d iscrim ination w h ich is so ram pant in the U n ited States.

For some years the province o f Saskatchewan has had a Cooperative Com m onwealth Federation fo rm o f government, w hich we realize is a socialistic fo rm o f governm ent. Under tha t fo rm of governm ent the p rov ince has made w onderfu l progress and is now the most advanced d is tr ic t in N orth A m erica

I t is a ll too obvious tha t there is no fundam enta l difference in the policy of the Democratic and Republican parties in the USA. The purpose of these so-called tw o old parties is to delude the pub lic to th in k tha t when one of the old parties become too co rrup t tha t they w il l find re lie f in the election o f the po litica l racketeers in the other party.

We have a decidedly one- p a rty system in the USA. I f you advocate a progressive system o f governm ent you are denounced as a te rrib le “ Red.”

Seemingly there are tw o d if fe ren t systems of governm ent in the w orld . One is socialism, based on progress, equa lity and justice fo r a ll and the abo lition o f a il fu tu re wars. The other system is the reactionary group w hich promotes ty ranny, in jus-

tice, legalized robbery and m alicious d iscrim ination. This group is decidedly fascist and must establish aggressive wars in o rder to exist and re ta in d ic ta to rial power.

R.S.Jenkins, M inn.

Dollar DemocracyEdito r:

This w ould be a w onderfu l, w onderfu l country i f i t was governed according to the m agnificent princip les o f ou r C onstitu tio n and B il l o f R ights which, presently, are no th ing bu t a pack of unenforced paper p rom ises tha t are not meant fo r the w o rk ing people, bu t on ly fo r the rich, to whom justice and l ib erty are a purchasable commodity.

I f you have no money fo r la w yers in the U SA you can have no justice o r lib e rty . The entire cue process o f law depends on the a b ility to pay fo r it.

W hat happened here in San Francisco in connection w ith the C ity H a ll S tudent demonstrations against the U n-Am erican Congressional Com m ittee is a convincer th a t the “ guarantees” incorporated in the C onstitu tion are on ly fo r those w ith p len ty o f money to pay fo r them.

A nd who w ou ld have ever thought in 1776 th a t the r ig h t of assembly and free speech were intended on ly fo r people w ith out grievances?

H.D.E.San Francisco

CoordinatingDemonstrationsE dito r:

Demonstrations are happening th roughou t the U n i t e d States today. They are seemingly h it-or-m iss, w ith no cooperation or coordination between them. I t seems to me th a t now is

the tim e tha t i t becomes necessary th a t some such instrum ent of coordination be effected.

I w ou ld suggest tha t a newspaper be started w ith some such name as “ Demonstrate” and th a t th is newspaper be dedicated to these demonstrations, c a u s e s and methods. I believe tha t such a paper concerned w ith agita- tion-education-coordination and p u b lic ity w ou ld be g ra te fu lly accepted and w ou ld encourage both the demonstrations and th e ir effectiveness.

A newspaper such as th is could in fo rm us as to the techniques to use, the effectiveness o f same, and any suggested new form s o f demonstrations. We need to know the where, when, w hy and how o f new ly planned demonstrations w hether they be fo r c iv il rights, c iv il liberties, racia l equa lity , peace, etc., o r in protest against in justice, A - bombs, capita l punishm ent, etc.

Personally, I believe tha t the Japanese demonstration techn ique o f the spinning wheel was the most effective I have seen, and I w ould lik e ve ry much to see our students adopt i t here where possible.

One th in g shapes up fo r sure. We need some instrum ent ot coordination fo r our demonstrations, and we need i t now.

T.M.Pacifica, C a lif.

He'll Pass It OnE dito r:

N o t on ly am I elated to get you r paper at such a lo w g iveaway price bu t I ’l l fu r th e r m y appreciation and spread socialist ideas by passing on the paper to f r i e n d s and brain-washed dupes o f the “ free press.” Yours is a fine, h a rd -h ittin g radical newspaper tru ly w o rth y o f the socialist ideal.

F.G.G.Los Angeles

t h e M ILITANTVOLUME X X IV MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1960 NUMBER 34

Negro Leader Invites Castro To Visit South

SEPT. 13 — A Negro leader today in v ite d Cuban P rem ier D r. F ide l Castro to v is it the South a fte r he attends the f i f teenth session of the U nited Nations General Assembly in New Y ork.

The in v ita tio n to the Cuban p rem ier was made in a le tte r by Robert F. W illiam s, president o f the U nion County, N.C., branch o f the N ational Association fo r the Advancem ent of Colored People.

W i l l i a m s , who has tw ice v isited Cuba since the revo lu tion, personally delivered his inv ita tion in New Y o rk to C uban Ambassador M anuel Bisbe.

D r. Bisbe accepted the in v ita tion and said he hoped tha t P rem ier Castro w ou ld be able to v is it N orth Carolina and other parts o f the South.

“ Recently, I have been the guest o f the Cuban people and government. I experienced my firs t freedom as a human being in revo lu tiona ry Cuba and I feel ve ry much indebted to the people who gave me the human d ig n ity o f being accepted in the human race.”

Hazards of the Lie DetectorBy Harry Ring

Some people have taken a d im v iew o f lie- detector machines since i t was disclosed th a t the tw o U.S. in te lligence employes who recently defected to the Soviet U nion had passed such tests w ith fly in g colors. B u t don’t underestimate the detectors. They’re rendering great service, according to the expert testim ony o f L inco ln M. Zonn, a fo rm er armed services in te lligence officer and cu rre n tly a “ comm ercial exam iner.”

M r. Zonn reports tha t trapp ing crim ina ls is now on ly a m ino r func tion o f lie -detector m achines. He says th a t he has ru n more lie - detection quizzes on housewives than on c r im inals. In fac t more than 95 per cent o f the mechanical in terrogations now invo lve noncrim inals.

“ Screening is most demanded by supermarkets, warehouses, departm ent stores, banks, a ll w ith staffs handling large sums o f m oney,” he explains. He adds tha t i t ’s a safe bet th a t a t least 20,000 firm s have screened one or more employes and th a t the num ber w i l l p robab ly double in the nex t tw o years.

M r. Zonn is qu ite enthusiastic about the electronic preserver o f ou r w ay o f life . He points ou t th a t F lo rida firm s save a lo t o f m oney by asking prospective employes i f they in tend to stay on a fte r the w in te r season should they be hired.

He also notes tha t the machines are becoming increasingly popu lar w ith large corporations fo r screening out new executives who m ig h t be po tentia l undercover operatives fo r r iv a l companies.

B u t I see some drawbacks in the setup. One

th in g I learned from his account is th a t when somebody steals fro m a company and gets caught, the bonding company w h ich has to make up the loss often persuades the boss to keep the c u lp r it on the job or, fa ilin g tha t, finds h im another job, the on ly proviso being tha t he agree to subm it to periodic lie -detector tests.

This a ltru is tic service makes i t easier fo r the bonding company to get back the money i t paid ou t on the the ft. “ Money can’t be recouped when a m an is s ittin g in prison,” M r. Zonn explains.

B u t suppose someone sees an approaching depression and mass unemployment? W hat be tter security than to tap the t i l l and w a it fo r the lie detector and bonding company to come to the rescue and make sure he always has a job?

Despite M r. Zonn’s rosy predictions about the expanded use o f the machine in com ing years, I can see some im po rtan t areas where i t could be used on ly w ith the greatest d ifficu lty . For example, how w ould you go about screening a po tentia l m oderator fo r a TV quiz p ro gram? O r an announcer fo r commercials? O r an advertis ing copyw rite r? O r newscaster?

W hat i f the tests prove tha t the applicant is lik e George W ashington and cannot te ll a lie. W ould he re a lly be the man fo r the job?

A nd consider the problems th a t w ou ld beset the hand fu l o f men discharging th e ir grave re spons ib ility in the back room o f a Republican or Democratic convention w hen the tim e draws near fo r selecting a presidentia l candidate. Suppose the man designated fo r the job solem nly declared, “ I w il l te ll the tru th to the voters” ; and the machine fa iled to b low up?

Notes in the News'COLOR B L IN D ' — The U.S. governm ent

has tr ip le d the num ber o f d ip lom atic employes stationed in A frica in the past ten years and w il l be sending even more people there because o f the b ir th o f 17 new A frica n nations since 1957, reports Robert E. H oyt, Chicago D a ily News correspondent. “ B u t,” he adds, “ the State D epartm ent is color b lind .” He estimates tha t not more than 20 o f the 3,500 “ career” members o f the d ip lom atic service are Negro and tha t about fo u r Negroes have been adm itted to the fo re ign service in the past fo u r years.

* * *

A ID TO THE AG ED — C ontra ry to thewidespread assumption tha t the recent specialsession o f Congress fa iled to enact any socialleg is la tion is the fact th a t a pension b il