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SECTOR REPORT
Snapshot on NSW Aboriginal Housing
Planning, Research and Analysis Unit
Policy and Strategic Development Branch
NSW Aboriginal Housing Office
October 2012
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACCRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS _____________________________ vi 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background _____________________________________________________1
1.2 Need for the report________________________________________________1 1.3 Scope__________________________________________________________1 1.4 Conceptual Framework ____________________________________________1 1.4.1 ARIA Zone ______________________________________________________1 1.4.2 AHO Regions____________________________________________________3 1.5 Data sources ____________________________________________________4
2. ABORIGINAL POPULATION GROWTH 2.1 Increasing Indigenous population ____________________________________5 2.2 Increase in ageing population _______________________________________6 2.3 Population growth,disability and housing needs _________________________7 2.4 Indigenous household composition ___________________________________8
3. ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE 3.1 Aboriginal community housing dwellings and characteristics _______________9 3.1.1 Number of dwellings managed ______________________________________9 3.1.2 Number of housing providers _______________________________________9 3.1.3 Number of Local Aboriginal Land Council(LALC) and non-LALC dwellings ____9 3.1.4 Aboriginal community housing Provider (ACHP) dwellings by bedroom ______9 3.1.5 Dwellings by type _______________________________________________10 3.1.6 Dwellings by region______________________________________________10 3.1.7 Dwellings by Local Government Area(LGA) ___________________________12 3.1.8 Dwellings by Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) __________15
4. PROFILE OF ABORIGINAL HOUSING(AHO) PORTFOLIO 4.1 AHO dwellings and charactersitics __________________________________16 4.2 Occupancy rates and households with overcrowding____________________18 4.3 Dwelling and Properties by ARIA as at October 2012 ___________________18 4.4 Age categorisation of tenants of AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW _18 4.5 AHO tenants with disability ________________________________________19 4.6 Household type_________________________________________________19 4.7 Weekly rent by region ____________________________________________19 4.8 AHO dwellings by bedroom _______________________________________19 4.9 Dwellings type by bedroom of tenancies managed by Housing NSW _______20 4.10 AHO property values ____________________________________________20 4.11 Distribution of AHO Dwellings by LGA and AHO regions _________________21
5. PROFILE OF ABORIGINAL HOUSEHOLDS IN PUBLIC HOUSING 5.1 Characteristics of public housing for Aboriginal households_______________24
6. ABORIGINAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NEED 6.1 Housing Tenure ________________________________________________26
6.2 Indigenous overcrowding_________________________________________26 6.3 Homelessness _________________________________________________27 6.3.1 Profile of Aboriginal homelessness _________________________________27 6.3.2 Homelessness and dwellings required ______________________________28 6.4 Concept of households in need ___________________________________29
III
7. OUR RESPONSE TO NEED 7.1 Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership Program(RIHNP) _______32 7.2 Build and Grow: Aboriginal Community Housing Strategy________________33 7.3 Approved Providers ____________________________________________34 7.4 Capital Works Program __________________________________________37
8. KEY SECTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION 8.1 AHO financial information ________________________________________41 8.2 AHO program funding allocations, 2010/11 and 2011/12________________42
GLOSSARY OF TERMS _______________________________________________ 43 APPENDICES Appendix A: Possible explanations for increase in the Census 2011 Indigenous population ____________________________________________44
LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Data sources for sector report 4
Table 2.1 NSW Aboriginal population,2001 and 2011 5
Table 2.2 Age distribution, showing increasing proportions for Indigenous people aged
45 years and over
6
Table 2.3 Indigenous age distribution and disability 7
Table 2.4 Indigenous households in NSW 8
Table 2.5 Indigenous one family household sub-categories 8
Table 3.1 LALC and non-LALC dwellings 9
Table 3.2 ACHP properties by number of bedrooms as at June 2012 9
Table 3.3 ACHP dwelling type as at June 2012 10
Table 3.4 ACHP properties by AHO region as at June 2012 10
Table 3.5 Dwellings by AHO Region – Northern Region 12
Table 3.6 Dwellings by AHO Region –Sydney/ South Eastern Region 13
Table 3.7 Dwellings by AHO Region – Western Region 14
Table 3.8 ACHP dwellings by ARIA as at June 2012 15
Table 4.1 Characteristics of AHO Housing Portfolio as at June 2012 16
Table 4.1b Characteristics of AHO Housing Portfolio as at June 2012 17
Table 4.2 Household characteristics of Aboriginal tenants in AHO dwellings managed
by Housing NSW
17
Table 4.3 Occupancy rates and overcrowding as at 30 June 2012 18
Table 4.4 AHO dwellings and properties by ARIA 18
Table 4.4b AHO dwellings and properties by region 18
Table 4.5 Proportion of age group of Indigenous household heads in AHO, 30 June 2011
18
Table 4.6 Proportion of households with disability, 30 June 2012 19
IV
Table 4.7 Proportion of household type of tenants in AHO houses managed by Housing NSW, 30 June 2012
19
Table 4.8 Average weekly rent (market) and subsidy by region, June 2012 19
Table 4.9 Dwellings by bedroom , June 2011 19
Table 4.10 AHO dwellings by type as at 30 June 2012 20
Table 4.11 Property value of AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW as at 30 June 2011
20
Table 4.12 Property value of AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW as at 30 June 2011
20
Table 4.13 Total market rent value of all dwellings for which rent was charged for week of 30 June
20
Table 4.14 AHO dwellings by LGA - Northern 21
Table 4.15 AHO properties by LGA - Sydney /South Eastern Region, 31 Oct 2012 22
Table 4.16 AHO properties by LGA - Western Region 23
Table 5.1 Some household and related characteristics as at 30 June 2012 24
Table 5.2 Age grouping of Indigenous public housing tenants, June 2012 24
Table 5.3 Proportion of household type of Indigenous tenants in public housing as at June 2012
24
Table 5.4 Proportion of households with disability as at 30 June 2012 25
Table 5.5 Indigenous tenants in public housing compared to AHO tenants by ARIA, June 2012
25
Table 5.6 Indigenous household public housing dwellings by ARIA, June 2012 25
Table 5.7 Dwelling type by bedroom category June 2012 25
Table 6.1 Indigenous tenure types in NSW 26
Table 6.2 Indigenous rental sub-categories in NSW 26
Table 6.3 Number of bedrooms per dwelling required to meet housing need in NSW and by ARIA region in 2008
29
Table 7.1 Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership and National Building Economic Stimulus Plan handover 2010/11
32
Table 7.2 Number of approved PARS providers, September 2012 33
Table 7.3 Approved providers by AHO region 34
Table 7.4 AHO capital works program as at 30 June 2011 37
Table 8.1 AHO Funding Sources, 2010/11 41
Table 8.2 AHO Application of Funds, 2010/11 41
Table 8.3 AHO Recurrent Allocations as at March 2012 (in ‘$000) 42
Table 8.4 AHO Capital Allocations as at March 2012 42
V
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia regions in NSW 2
Figure 1.2 NSW Aboriginal Housing Office regions 3
Figure 2.1 Aboriginal Population growth 5
Figure 4 Comparison of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Census Counts(2006-2011) by
Age Group
6
Figure 2.3 Indigenous age distribution 2006 and 2011 7
Figure 2.4 Age distribution Aboriginal people with disability 8
Figure 3.1 Relative Concentration of ACHP Dwellings by Remoteness 11
Figure 3.2 ACHP dwellings by ARIA, June 2012 15
Figure 6.1 Overcrowding(one or more bedrooms required) NSW-1996,2001,2006&
2011
27
Figure 6.2 Homelessness tenure in 2008 by ARIA region 28
Figure 6.3 NSW Aboriginal households likely in need by tenure type by ARIA Region
2008
30
Figure 6.4 NSW Aboriginal Housing Relative need by LGA 30
Figure 6.5 Unmet need for Aboriginal Housing by ARIA remoteness in NSW 31
Figure 6.6 Aboriginal housing high need locations among AHO regions 31
Figure 7.1 Pilot and Approved Providers 35
Figure 7.2 Approved Providers by ARIA 35
Figure 7.3 Approved Providers by Remote and Non-Remote areas for refurbishment
purposes
36
Figure 7.4 Distribution of New Housing Supply in Outer Regional NSW 39
Figure 7.5 New Supply Locations(2010/11 and 2011/12) by NSW ARIA regions 39
Figure 7.6 Service Area Coverage of PARS Pilot Aboriginal Community Housing
Providers by ARIA Region
40
VI
LIST OF ACCRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics
ACDP Aboriginal Community Development Program
ACHP Aboriginal Community Housing Provider
AHO Aboriginal Housing Office
AHP Aboriginal Housing Program
AIHW Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
ARIA Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia
ATSIC Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
B&G Build and Grow: Aboriginal community housing strategy
CNOS Canadian national Occupancy Standard
CRA Commonwealth Rent Assistance
ERA Employment Related Accommodation
FACS Family and Community Services (NSW Department of)
HACP Housing Aboriginal Communities Program
LALC Local Aboriginal Land Council
NAHA National Affordable Housing Agreement
NBESP Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan
NPARIH National Partnership Agreement on Remote Indigenous Housing
NSW New South Wales
NSWALC New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council
PARS Property Assessment Registration System
RaMCAP Repairs and Maintenance Community Assets Program
RIHNP Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership (Policy Branch,
AHO phrase /acronym, same as NPARIH)
ROGS Report on Government Services
REGCODE NSW Registration System
SAAP Supported Accommodation Assistance Program
SEARMS South Eastern Aboriginal Regional Management Services
SOMIH State Owned and Managed Indigenous Housing
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background This report presents a snapshot summary information and data on key aspects of the NSW Aboriginal Housing sector as at June 2012 or the most current data available. The data draws on performance reporting information to both the NSW Government and the Australian Government, and sector data that are relevant for policy and planning purposes. The report focuses essentially on the Aboriginal community housing providers subsector and the Aboriginal Housing Office housing portfolio. However, the report contains a few key data on Aboriginal households in public housing. 1.2 Need for the Report The report provides readily available information on the sector that both policy officers, planners and front line staff will find useful in the course of their work. It will improve the quality and consistency of data reported or used by AHO both in internal and external briefings and communications. The report will provide other government agencies or non-government organizations such as housing providers a useful resource on the key data on the Aboriginal community housing sector. 1.3 Scope The data and information in the report cover social housing streams listed below but in particular the first two streams.
State Owned and Managed Indigenous Housing (AHO properties managed by Housing NSW)
Aboriginal community housing Public housing (Aboriginal households)
The report excludes non-social housing data on Aboriginal households. 1.4 Conceptual Framework The report approached the data on the Aboriginal community housing sector from the perspective of providing a profile of the Aboriginal housing sector, the dimensions of housing need and response to the needs, including highlights on bilateral funded housing programs and financial data. The presentation of the information is largely based on statewide, AHO region and Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) zones. In a number of cases, data is presented at Local Government Area level. 1.4.1 ARIA Zones
ARIA zones include:
a). Major cities
b). Inner Regional
c). Outer Regional
d). Remote
e). Very Remote
2
A map showing the geographical illustration of the zones is shown below (See Figure 1.1).
Figure 1.1: Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia regions in NSW
Sometimes, the zones have for convenience purposes referred to as ‘urban’ or ‘non-remote’ and remote areas, where:
Urban /non-remote covers ‘Major cities’, ‘Inner regional’ and ‘Outer regional’, and Remote comprise ‘Remote’ and ‘very remote’.
3
1.4.2 AHO Regions The AHO has three regional offices structure. These are:
1. Sydney /South Eastern 2. Northern, and 3. Western.
The regions comprise two each of the former Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) regions in NSW. These are Sydney and Queanbeyan (Sydney /South Eastern); Coffs Harbour and Kamilaroi (Northern) and Binaal Billa and Murdi Paaki (Western)1. A map showing the three AHO regions is shown below. Some data and information in this report may be presented on AHO regional basis. Figure 1.2: NSW Aboriginal Housing Office regions
1 In the former AHO 6-regional structure that was aligned to ATSIC regions, Coffs Harbour was referred to as Many Rivers and Queanbeyan as South Eastern.
4
1.5 Data sources The data sources for the key elements itemised below are provided in Table 1.
Population growth Profile of AHO housing stock portfolio Profile of Aboriginal community housing portfolio Profile of Aboriginal households in public housing Housing need (including homelessness information) Housing supply - programs Build and Grow: Aboriginal Community Housing Implementation Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership (RIHNP) Key performance indicators Key sector financial information.
Table 1: Data sources for sector report Data item Data source
Population growth and emerging need - Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2006 (Special data request)
- Khalidi, N, NSW Indicative Indigenous Population Projections: 2006 to 2021, AHO, 2008
Profile of AHO housing stock portfolio
- AHO’s Property Register Database, HOMES
Profile of Aboriginal community housing portfolio
- AHO’s Property Register Database, ACHP Database
Profile of Aboriginal households in public housing
- HOMES, HAR Housing NSW
Housing need (including homelessness information)
- NSW Aboriginal Housing Office administrative data
- Various Australian Bureau of Statistics publications
Housing supply - programs
- AHO program administrative data
Build and Grow Strategy - AHO program administrative data
National Partnership Agreement on Remote Indigenous Housing (NPARIH)
- AHO program administrative data
Key performance indicators - Administrative data
Key sector financial information - Administrative data
5
2. ABORIGINAL POPULATION GROWTH 2.1 Increasing Indigenous population The population of the Indigenous people in NSW increased from 138,507 in 2006 (first
batch release) to 172,621 in 2011, an increase of 24.7%. Table 2.1: NSW Aboriginal population, 2006 and 2011
Item 2006 2011 Population change
NSW total population 6,549,175 6,917,658 5.6%
NSW Aboriginal population
138,507 172,621 24.7%
Indigenous population in NSW has seen a huge increase in the last 20 years, 1991-
2011 (see Figure 2.1 below). Figure 2.1:
Aboriginal population Growth, NSW - 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 & 2011
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Th
ou
san
ds
Source: ABS Census, Time Series Profiles The Indigenous population in NSW is 2.5% of the population in 2011, compared to
only 2.2% in 2006. While there is only a 7.2% increase in overall Australian population in 2011 compared
to 2006 Census, the Aboriginal population has grown by 20.5% in Australia from 455,028 in 2006 to 548,368 in 2011.
Compared to other jurisdictions, the proportion of Indigenous population in NSW
increased from 28.7% in 2006 to 31.5% in 2011. The huge increase in population, compared to 2006 Census has been attributed to
increased identification by Indigenous people (See Appendix A).
6
2.2: Increase in ageing population
The number of Aboriginal people aged 45 years and over (35,556), represents 20.6% of the population in 2011 compared to 18.0% in 2006. In comparison, the number of people aged 0 to 24 years (95,973) while high at 55.6% of the Aboriginal population in 2011, represents a relative proportional decline when viewed against 57.0% in 2006.
If this trend continues into the future, there could be need for housing for ageing and aged and frail Indigenous people and the attendant housing modifications that may be required.
Comparison of changes in the age groups for 2006 and 2011 are presented in the Table 2.1 and Figures 2.2 and 2.3 below.
Table 2.2: Age distribution, showing increasing proportions for Indigenous
people aged 45 years and over
Age groups 2006 Census
2011 Census Proportion change from 2006 census
0-4 years 17,220 21,411 24% 5-14 years 35,963 41,175 14% 15-24 years 25,775 33,387 30% 25-44 years 34,684 41,094 18% 45-64 years 19,964 28,240 41% 65 years and over
4,899 7,316 49%
Figure 2.2:
Comparison of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Census Counts (2006 - 2011) by Age Group
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0-4 years
10-14 years
20-24 years
30-34 years
40-44 years
50-54 years
60-64 years
Ag
e G
rou
p
Percentage change
Indigenous
non-Indigenous
Indigenous 24.4215.4113.9730.4328.6631.754.9412.5626.1630.8843.7143.8658.6748.88
non-Indigenous 9.951.20-1.330.615.1312.851.463.720.521.669.574.8423.9813.66
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65 years and
7
Figure 2.3: Indigenous age distribution: 2006 and 2011
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
2006
2011
2006 17,220 35,963 25,775 34,684 19,964 4,899
2011 21,411 41,175 33,387 41,094 28,240 7,316
0-4 years
5-14 years
15-24 years
25-44 years
45-64 years
65 years
The median age for Indigenous people marginally increased from 20 in 2006 to 21 in 2011. This compares to the median age of 37 in 2006 and 38 in 2011 for non-Indigenous people. 2.3. Population growth, disability and housing needs
There is an increase in the number of Indigenous people in need of assistance as a result of profound or severe disability.
The number Indigenous people in NSW under this category increased from 6,904 in 2006 to 10,770 in 2011, a numerical increase of 56%.
The proportional increase in Indigenous people that require assistance, increased from 4.98% in 2006 to 6.24% in 2011. Disability here refers to needing assistance in one or more core activities of self-care, mobility, and communication or old age.
Those aged 44 years and over comprise almost half (5,221) of the people with disability. Table 2.2 and Figure 2.4 highlight changes from 2006 to 2011.
Table 2.3: Indigenous age distribution and disability
Age groups Has need for assistance-2006
Has need for assistance 2011
Proportion change -2006 to 2011
0-4 years 241 400 66% 5-14 years 1240 1980 60% 15-19 years 402 756 88% 20-24 years 284 446 57% 25-34 years 500 754 51% 35-44 years 921 1213 32% 45-54 years 1140 1716 51% 55-64 years 1034 1678 62% 65 years and over 1142 1827 60% Total 6904 10770 56%
8
Figure 2.4: Age distribution Aboriginal people with disability
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
0-4 years 5-14years
15-19years
20-24years
25-34years
35-44years
45-54years
55-64years
65 yearsand over
2006
2011
Increase in Indigenous people that require assistance as a result of disability or old age could have implications for social housing.
2.4. Indigenous household composition The average household size for Indigenous people is 3.1 compared to 2.6 for non Indigenous people in NSW. Among 73,910 indigenous households that were identified, two third of them (76%) are one family households followed by lone person household (15%)(See Table 2.3 and graphs below). Table 2.4: Indigenous households in NSW Household Types Number Proportions One family households 55,862 76% Multiple family households 3,132 4% Lone person households 11,167 15% Group households 3,749 5%
Among the one family households, couple family with children comprise the largest sub-group (30%) and followed by one parent family (29%). See Table 2.5: Indigenous one family household sub-categories One family households Number of
households Proportion of total household
Couple family with no children 11,051 15% Couple family with children 22,238 30% One parent family 21,152 29% Other family 1,421 2%
76 % of households were one family households. Of these: 15% were couple families with no children 30% were couple families with children 29% were one parent families 2% were other family types. The number of Aboriginal households has increased from 57,245 in 2006 to 85,879 in 2011. This has implications for housing, including social housing.
9
3. ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY HOUSING SECTOR PROFILE 3.1 Aboriginal Community Housing Dwellings and Characteristics The number of dwellings in the Aboriginal community housing provider (ACHP) sector has been a subject of verification, data matching, data cleansing as the AHO undertakes title search of properties in the sector. Unless otherwise specified, the source of the data in this section is the AHO’s Property Register Database and the date is at April 2012. 3.1.1 Number of dwellings managed Number of dwellings managed by ACHPs as at 30 June 2012 is: 4,736. This excludes vacant lands. 3.1.2 Number of housing providers Number of ACHPs as at 30 June 2012 is: 206. 3.1.3 Number of Local Aboriginal Land Council (LALC) and non-LALC dwellings ACHP dwellings comprise 2,696 LALC and 2,102 non-LALC dwellings as at June 2012. Table 3.1: LALC and non-LALC dwellings
Category Number Percent Local Aboriginal Land Council 2696 57Other 2040 43Total 4736 100
3.1.4 ACHP dwellings by bedroom Table 3.2: ACHP properties by number of bedrooms as at June 2012
Number of Bedrooms Number of dwellings Percent
0 8 0.2
1 109 2.3
2 667 14.1
3 2207 46.6
4 1292 27.3
5 164 3.5
6 27 0.6
7 4 0.1
8 3 0.1
Sub-total 4481 94.6
Unknown 255 5.4
Total 4736 100
10
3.1.5: Dwellings by type Table 3.3: ACHP dwelling type as at June 2012
Type of Dwelling Total Number
of dwellings
Percentage
Cottage 113 2.4
Separate house 2950 62.3
Townhouse 16 .3
Unit 439 9.3
Villa 5 .1
Transportable house 20 .4
Sub-total 3543 74.8
Unknown 1193 22.4
Total 4736 100
3.1.6: Dwellings by region Table 3.4: ACHP properties by AHO region as at June 2012
AHO Region Number of dwellings
Percent
Northern 2053 43.3
Sydney/South Eastern 801 16.9
Western 1882 39.7
Total 4736 100.0
Figure 3.1 shows the distribution of dwellings a cross the regions in NSW.
11
Figure 3.1
12
3.1.7 Dwellings by Local Government Area Dwellings by LGA as at June 2012. Table 3.5: Dwellings by AHO Region - Northern Region
AHO Region Local Government Area
Number of dwellings
Percent of State total
Armidale Dumaresq 68 1.4%
Ballina 62 1.3%
Bellingen 9 0.2%
Byron 10 0.2%
Cessnock 4 0.1%
Clarence Valley 128 2.7%
Coffs Harbour 71 1.5%
Coffs Harbour 1 0.0%
Dungog 1 0.0%
Glen Innes Severn 38 0.8%
Gloucester 1 0.0%
Gosford 15 0.3%
Gosford 2 0.0%
Great Lakes 46 1.0%
Greater Taree 57 1.2%
Gunnedah 70 1.5%
Guyra 42 0.9%
Hastings 40 0.8%
Inverell 26 0.5%
Kempsey 167 3.5%
Kyogle 58 1.2%
Lachlan 5 0.1%
Lake Macquarie 76 1.6%
Lismore 43 0.9%
Liverpool Plains 92 1.9%
Maitland 21 0.4%
Moree Plains 183 3.9%
Muswellbrook 39 0.8%
Nambucca 131 2.8%
Narrabri 65 1.4%
Newcastle 36 0.8%
Port Stephens 54 1.1%
Richmond Valley 64 1.4%
Singleton 4 0.1%
Tamworth Regional 71 1.5%
Tenterfield 88 1.9%
Tweed 59 1.2%
Upper Hunter Shire 12 0.3%
Uralla 22 0.5%
Walcha 19 0.4%
Northern
Wyong 53 1.1%
Northern Total 2053 43.3%
13
Table 3.6: Dwellings by region - Sydney /South Eastern Region
AHO Region Local Government Area Number of dwellings
Percent of State total
Sydney/South Eastern Ashfield 1 0.0%
Bankstown 3 0.1%
Bega Valley 65 1.4%
Blacktown 20 0.4%
Blacktown 2 0.0%
Blue Mountains 4 0.1%
Botany Bay 6 0.1%
Burwood 1 0.0%
Camden 2 0.0%
Campbelltown 9 0.2%
Canterbury 10 0.2%
Canterbury 1 0.0%
Eurobodalla 140 3.0%
Eurobodalla 1 0.0%
Fairfield 4 0.1%
Goulburn Mulwaree 12 0.3%
Holroyd 4 0.1%
Hurstville 3 0.1%
Kiama 10 0.2%
Leichhardt 6 0.1%
Liverpool 32 0.7%
Marrickville 48 1.0%
Marrickville 1 0.0%
Parramatta 3 0.1%
Penrith 29 0.6%
Queanbeyan 49 1.0%
Randwick 35 0.7%
Ryde 1 0.0%
Shellharbour 40 0.8%
Shoalhaven 154 3.3%
Sutherland Shire 1 0.0%
Sydney 34 0.7%
Tumut Shire 1 0.0%
Wingecarribee 1 0.0%
Wollondilly 16 0.3%
Wollongong 34 0.7%
Yass Valley 18 0.4%
Sydney/South Eastern Total 801 16.9%
14
Table 3.7: Dwellings by region - Western Region AHO Region
Local Government Area
Number of dwellings
Percent of State total
Western Albury 39 0.8%
Balranald 38 0.8%
Bathurst Regional 13 0.3%
Berrigan 1 0.0%
Bland 4 0.1%
Bogan 25 0.5%
Bourke 91 1.9%
Brewarrina 170 3.6%
Broken Hill 37 0.8%
Carrathool 8 0.2%
Central Darling 127 2.7%
Cobar 12 0.3%
Conargo 3 0.1%
Coonamble 124 2.6%
Cowra 39 0.8%
Deniliquin 15 0.3%
Dubbo 99 2.1%
Forbes 9 0.2%
Gilgandra 38 0.8%
Griffith 23 0.5%
Hay 10 0.2%
Lachlan 156 3.3%
Leeton 21 0.4%
Lithgow 1 0.0%
Murray 33 0.7%
Murrumbidgee 26 0.5%
Nambucca 4 0.1%
Narrandera 19 0.4%
Narromine 46 1.0%
Orange 10 0.2%
Parkes 42 0.9%
Tamworth Regional 5 0.1%
Tumut Shire 24 0.5%
Unincorporated 9 0.2%
Wagga Wagga 29 0.6%
Wakool 4 0.1%
Walgett 240 5.1%
Warren 34 0.7%
Warrumbungle Shire 44 0.9%
Wellington 72 1.5%
Wentworth 126 2.7%
Young 12 0.3%
Western Total 1882 39.7%
15
3.1.8 Dwellings by ARIA Table 3.8: ACHP dwellings by ARIA as at June 2012 NSW ARIA Regions Frequency Percent
Major Cities
640 13.5 Inner Regional
1537 32.5 Outer Regional
1748 36.9 Remote
614 13.0 Very Remote
197 4.1 Total
4736 100.0
Figure 3.2: ACHP dwellings by ARIA, June 2012
640
1537
1748
614
197
0
500
1000
1500
2000
M ajor Cit ies Inner Regional Outer Regional Remote Very Remote
16
4. PROFILE OF ABORIGINAL HOUSING (AHO) PORTFOLIO 4.1 AHO Dwellings and Characteristics Table 4.1: Characteristics of AHO Housing Portfolio as at June 2012*
S/No. Item Detail
1. Number of AHO properties as at June 2012 5,237 2. Number of AHO properties as at October 2012 5,242 3. Number of AHO dwellings as at October 2012 (excluding vacant land) 5,114 4. Number of AHO properties managed by Housing NSW as at June 2012 4,818 5. Number of AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW as at June 2012 4,734 6. Number of non-Housing NSW managed AHO properties - June 2012
(managed by Aboriginal & mainstream community housing providers) 419**
7. Number of AHO tenancies /households managed by Housing NSW 4,372 8. Number of new households assisted for year ending June 2012 418 9. Priority applicants waiting time (median) 7 months 10. Wait turn applicants waiting time (median) 1 year, 4 months 11. Waiting time (‘housing register’ - all new applicants) 1 year, 4 months 12. Waiting time (‘transfer applicants’ - existing tenants seeking transfer to
another property) 1 year, 5 months
13. Total households paying less than market rent (AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW)
2,663
14. Total rent charged (AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW) $36,492,000 15. Rent collection rate 104%^ 16. Rental arrears for the month $624,702 17. Total tenantable dwellings (AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW) 4,459 18. Total occupied dwellings (managed by Housing NSW) 4,373 19. Total void properties 337 20. Total dwellings in major cities 1,958 21. Total dwellings in inner regional areas 1,411 22. Total dwellings in outer regional areas 819 23. Total dwellings in remote areas 249 24. Total dwellings in very remote areas 38 25. Occupancy rate 97.7% 26. Number of tenants receiving rental subsidy 2,868 27. Average weekly rent (market)
- Remote - Non Remote
$256 $160^^ $262
28. Average weekly subsidy - Remote - Non Remote
$124 $58 $126
29. Number of applicants awaiting housing 2,490 30. Proportion of households living in overcrowded conditions
- Major cities - Inner regional - Outer regional - Remote - Very remote
7.7% 7.6% 8.3% 5.8% 6.8%
* unless time period otherwise specified ** Subject to further review and data matching ^ Collection rate is calculated by comparing total rent charged and total rent collected over a 12-month period. Rent collected could include rents owed for the previous year. ^^ Remote here refers to ’remote and ‘very remote’ and ‘non remote’ refers to ‘major cities’, ‘inner regional’ and ‘outer regional’ classification of Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA).
Source: Various, including ROGS SOMIH data and Management of Aboriginal Housing Office Properties, Quarterly Report, June 2012.
17
Table 4.1b: Characteristics of AHO Housing Portfolio as at June 2012 S/No. Item Detail
1. Total number of all households assisted with rebated state owned and managed Indigenous housing at 30 June 2012
2,854
2. Total number of households who relocated from one SOMIH dwelling to another SOMIH dwelling for year ending 30 June 2012 (transfers)
136
3. Total number of new applicants on waiting list who have a 'greatest need' at 30 June 2012
403
4. Total number of applicants requesting a transfer on waiting list at 30 June 2012
569
5. Number of households with under utilisation at 30 June 2012 1,085
6. Total rents charged to tenants for week of 30 June 2012
$766,000
7. Total market rent value of dwellings for which a rent was charged for week of 30 June 2012
$1,122,000
8. Total number of new households with special needs for year ending 30 June 2012
231
9. The proportion of low income households of all households at 30 June 2012
97.8%
10. The proportion of new tenancies allocated to households with special needs for year ending 30 June 2012
55.3%
11. Proportion of low income households spending 20% or less of their gross income in rent at 30 June 2012
16.25% (451)
12. Proportion of low income households spending more than 20% but not more than 25% of their gross income in rent at 30 June 2012
82.5% (2,291)
13. Proportion of low income households spending more than 25% but not more than 30% of their gross income in rent at 30 June 2012
0.7% (20)
14. Proportion of low income households spending more than 30% of their gross income in rent at 30 June 2012
0.5% (15)
15. Proportion of households where dwelling size is not appropriate due to underutilisation at 30 June 2012
25.3%
16. Average vacancy turnaround time: average time taken for occupancy of available dwelling stock to rent (days)
58 days
Source: Various, including ROGS SOMIH data and Management of Aboriginal Housing Office Properties, Quarterly Report, June 2012. Table 4.2 Household characteristics of Aboriginal tenants in AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW
Item AHO
Number of people living in Indigenous households, June 2012
13,000*
Average number of persons per household, June 2012 2.9
* Nearly 13,000. This figure could be subject to further analysis.
Source: Housing Analysis and Research, Housing NSW
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4.2 Occupancy rates and households with overcrowding Table 4.3: Occupancy rates and overcrowding as at 30 June 2012
Item Proportion
AHO/SOMIH occupancy rates 97.7% Overcrowded in AHO / SOMIH 7.6%
4.3 Dwellings and Properties by ARIA as at October 2012 Table 4.4: AHO dwellings and properties by ARIA*
Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA)
Vacant land
Dwellings
Total properties
Percent
Major Cities 8 2067 2075 39.6% Inner Regional 60 1667 1727 32.9% Outer Regional 32 1005 1037 19.8% Remote Australia 27 267 294 5.6% Very Remote Australia 1 108 109 2.1% Total 128 5114 5242 100.0%
* = Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia
Table 4.4b: AHO dwellings and properties by region
AHO Region
Vacant land
Dwellings
Total
Percent
Northern Region 75 1833 1908 36.4% Sydney/South Eastern Region 10 1945 1955 37.3% Western Region 43 1336 1379 26.3% Total 128 5114 5242 100.0%
4.4 Age categories of tenants of AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW Table 4.5: Proportion of age group of Indigenous household heads
in AHO, 30 June 2011
Age group of household heads
Proportion – June 2011
Proportion – June 2012
Under 19 yrs .2% .2%
19 – 24 6.3% 5.8%
25 – 34 19.4% 20.0%
35 – 44 26.4% 26.0%
45 – 54 23.8% 24.3%
55 – 64 14.6% 14.3%
65 – 74 6.8% 6.8%
75 – 79 1.5% 1.6%
80 and over 1.0% 1.0%
Age missing .05% .0%
Total 100% (4,235) 100% (4,372)
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4.5 AHO tenants with disability
Table 4.6: Proportion of households with disability, 30 June 2012 Item AHO tenants
Household with Disability 34.0% Non Disability household 66.0% Total 100%
Note: If any one member of the household is receiving disability payment or carers payment then that household is identified as being household with disability 4.6: Household type Table 4.7: Proportion of household type of tenants in AHO houses
managed by Housing NSW, 30 June 2012
Family type Proportion
Single 24.5% Single + dependent(s) 38.3% Couple 3.8% Couple + dependent(s) 7.3% Group 11.6% Other (e.g. extended family) 14.7% Total 4,372
Note: Group household is one where there is no partner but has other members who are all adults. 4.7 Weekly rent by region Table 4.8: Average weekly rent (market) and subsidy by region, June 2012 Region Average weekly
market rent Average weekly subsidy
Average weekly rent payable
Remote $160 $56 $104 Non-remote $262 $126 $136 NSW $256 $124 $132 4.8: AHO dwellings by bedroom
Table: 4.9: Dwellings by bedroom , June 2011
Number of Bedrooms
Total Number of dwellings*
Percentage
0 91 1.8 1 146 3.0 2 504 10.2 3 2963 59.9 4 1096 22.2 5 89 1.8 6 10 .2 7 1 .0 Other 1 .0 Total 4901 99.1 Missing 45 .9
Total 4946 100.0 * inclusive of non-Housing NSW managed houses
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4.9 Dwelling type by bedroom of tenancies managed by Housing NSW Table 4.10: AHO dwellings by type as at 30 June 2012
Bedrooms Dwelling
type 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
Cottage 0 2 95 2,471 960 85 10 1 3,624Room Townhouse 0 2 59 155 24 1 0 0 241Terrace 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 5Unit 4 73 123 44 1 0 0 0 245Villa 0 23 162 58 12 2 0 0 257Total 4 100 440 2,729 999 89 10 1 4,372
4.10 AHO property values Table 4.11: Property value of AHO properties managed by Housing NSW, 30 June 2012
Remoteness Number of properties Value ($)
Major City 2075 $684,955,249.7 Inner Regional 1727 $308,310,252.3 Outer Regional 1037 $127,225,472.8 Remote 294 $35,517,502.85 Very Remote 109 $21,331,268.68 Total 5242 $1,177,339,746
Table 4.12: Property value of AHO dwellings managed by Housing NSW as at 30 June 2011
Remoteness No. of AHO properties Value ($)
Major City 1,859 $580,046,000Inner Regional 1,513 $282,295,000Outer Regional 919 $100,022,000Remote 162 $7,956,000Very Remote 59 $4,091,000Total 4,512 $974,410,000
Note: Excludes AHO dwellings that are not managed by Housing NSW Table 4.13: Total market rent value of all dwellings for which rent was charged for week of 30 June Year Amount (in $ rounded)
2008 879,000 2009 920,000 2010 947,000 2011 1,017,000 2012 1,122,000
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4.11: Distribution of AHO dwellings by LGA and AHO region AHO dwellings by LGA as at 31 October 2012 Table 4.14: AHO dwellings by LGA - Northern
Region LGA Total
Northern Region Armidale Dumaresq 151 Ballina 37 Bellingen 11 Byron 7 Cessnock 16 Clarence Valley 52 Coffs Harbour 100 Glen Innes Severn 4 Gloucester 1 Gosford 26 Great Lakes 6 Greater Taree 72 Gunnedah 22 Guyra 16 Hastings 55 Inverell 46 Kempsey 168 Kyogle 8 Lake Macquarie 141 Lake Macquarie 2 Lismore 47 Liverpool Plains 10 Maitland 58 Moree Plains 249 Muswellbrook 9 Nambucca 40 Narrabri 69 Newcastle 86 Port Stephens 26 Richmond Valley 36 Singleton 9 Tamworth Regional 161 Tenterfield 51 Tweed 60 Upper Hunter Shire 2 Uralla 3 Walcha 3 Wyong 48 Northern Region Total 1908
Table 4.15: AHO properties by LGA - Sydney /South Eastern Region (31 Oct 2012)
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Region
LGA
Number of properties
Sydney/South Eastern Region Ashfield 1 Auburn 6 Bankstown 73 Baulkham Hills 4 Bega Valley 63 Blacktown 318 Blue Mountains 5 Botany Bay 17 Burwood 6 Camden 5 Campbelltown 195 Canada Bay 6 Canterbury 34 Cooma-Monaro 6 Eurobodalla 77 Fairfield 72 Goulburn Mulwaree 6 Hawkesbury 5 Holroyd 36 Hornsby 4 Hurstville 19 Kogarah 4 Leichhardt 31 Liverpool 127 Marrickville 98 Parramatta 51 Parramatta 2 Penrith 99 Queanbeyan 70 Queanbeyan 5 Randwick 64 Rockdale 18 Ryde 2 Shellharbour 53 Shoalhaven 163 Shoalhaven 2 Strathfield 1 Sutherland Shire 33 Sydney 70 Warringah 1 Willoughby 1 Wingecarribee 3 Wollongong 93 Wollongong 2 Yass Valley 4 Sydney/South Eastern Region Total 1955
Table 4.16: AHO properties by LGA - Western Region (31 October 2012)
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Region LGA Number of properties
Western Region Albury 89 Balranald 6 Bathurst Regional 54 Bathurst Regional 7 Bland 7 Bogan 17 Bourke 52 Brewarrina 32 Carrathool 6 Central Darling 29 Cobar 28 Coonamble 42 Cootamundra 4 Corowa Shire 1 Cowra 27 Dubbo 142 Forbes 6 Gilgandra 38 Griffith 82 Hay 4 Lachlan 38 Leeton 11 Lithgow 12 Murray 30 Narrandera 29 Narromine 20 Oberon 5 Orange 123 Parkes 3 Parkes 4 Tumbarumba 4 Tumut Shire 23 Unincorporated NSW 50 Wagga Wagga 108 Wakool 2 Walgett 115 Warren 16 Warrumbungle Shire 28 Wellington 44 Wentworth 37 Young 4 Western Region Total 1379
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5. PROFILE OF ABORIGINAL HOUSEHOLDS IN PUBLIC HOUSING
5.1 Characteristics of public housing for Aboriginal households Table 5.1: Some household and related characteristics as at 30 June 2012 Item Proportion
Number of Aboriginal households in public housing 10,600* Number of people living in Indigenous households June 2012 28,095
Overcrowded public housing (Indigenous households) 7.7% Average number of persons per household June 2012 2.7
Average rent charged Indigenous households $119
* This figure could be higher considering that Aboriginality is unidentified for about 40% of households in the Housing NSW system. The figure is based on estimates from ABS 2011 Census. Table 5.2: Age grouping of Indigenous public housing tenants, June 2012 Age group of household heads Indigenous tenants in
public housing Under 19 yrs .5% 19 - 24 9.2% 25 - 34 22.9% 35 - 44 26.7% 45 - 54 21.2% 55 - 64 12.3% 65 - 74 5.3% 75 - 79 1.0% 80 and over .9% Age missing .0% Total 100
Table 5.3: Proportion of household type of Indigenous tenants
in public housing as at June 2012 Family type Indigenous tenant in
public housing Group 8.6% Single 32.4% Single + dependent(s) 38.2% Couple 3.2% Couple + dependent(s) 6.5% Other (eg, ext family) 11.1% Total 100% (10,600)
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5.4: Proportion of households with disability as at 30 June 2012 Item Indigenous tenants
in public housing Household with Disability 38.1% Non Disability household 61.9% Total 100% (10,600)
Table 5.5: Indigenous tenants in public housing compared to AHO tenants by ARIA, June 2012
Remoteness Public Housing AHO Major City 53.7% 44.3% Inner Regional 30.8% 31.4% Outer Regional 13.8% 18.0% Remote 1.1% 5.5% Very Remote 0.5% 0.8% Total 10,600 4,372
Table 5.6: Indigenous household public housing dwellings by ARIA, June 2012
Remoteness Public housing dwellings with Indigenous tenants
Cottage Room Town house
Terrace Unit Villa Total
Major City 2285 12 1262 7 1890 242 5698
Inner Regional 2433 0 137 0 491 206 3267
Outer Regional 1132 0 2 0 236 92 1462
Remote 113 0 0 0 7 0 120
Very Remote 41 0 0 0 12 0 53
Total 6004 12 1401 7 2636 540 10,600
Table 5.7: Dwelling type by bedroom category June 2012
Dwelling type
Public housing dwellings with Indigenous tenants
Bedrooms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Cottage 0 5 760 3,809 1,369 53 10 6,006
Room 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 12Townhouse 0 25 262 947 155 8 2 1,399
Terrace 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 8Unit 179 961 1,155 321 20 0 0 2,636Villa 5 92 269 160 13 0 0 539Total 184 1095 2,450 5,239 1,559 61 12 10,600
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6. ABORIGINAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NEED 6.1 Housing tenure
Housing tenure dominated by rental, though relatively decreasing and the proportion paying mortgage is increasing
Housing tenure among Indigenous people is still dominated by renting as at 2011 Census. While 13% of Indigenous households in NSW own their houses outright, 26% are paying mortgage while 56% are living in rental property.
In comparison to 2006, the proportion of out rightly owned is unchanged, the proportion renting fell by 3% while the proportion paying mortgage increased from 23% in 2006 to 26% in 2011.
Tables 6.1 and 6.2 below show Indigenous housing tenure types and rental tenure sub-categories. Table 6.1: Indigenous tenure types in NSW Tenure Type 2006 Proportion
2006 2011 Proportion
2011 Proportion change 2006-2011
Fully owned 7,562 13% 9,863 13% 30% Owned with a mortgage 13,158 23% 19,211 26% 46% Rented 33,784 59% 41,631 56% 23% Other tenure type(e) 355 1% 522 1% 47% Tenure type not stated 2,386 4% 2,683 4% 12% Total 57,245 100% 73,910 100%
Table 6.2: Indigenous rental sub-categories in NSW Rental type 2006 Proportion 2011 Proportion
Real estate agent 12,502 37% 16,580 40% State or territory housing authority 12,049 36% 14,078 34% Person not in same household 4,352 13% 5,810 14% Housing cooperative/community/church group
2,811 8%
2,910 7%
Other landlord type 1,286 4% 1,550 4% Landlord type not stated 784 2% 703 2% Total 33784 100% 41,631 100%
6.2 Indigenous overcrowding The proportion of dwellings that need 1 or more extra bedrooms for Indigenous
persons /households with Indigenous persons in NSW is 9.1%, compared to 4.3% for non-Indigenous households as at 2011 Census.
The average number of persons per bedroom is 1.2 compared to 1.2 for non-Indigenous households and the average Indigenous household size is 3.1% in comparison to 2.6% for non- Indigenous households in 2011.
Figure 6.1 compares Indigenous overcrowding in the last 15 years (1996-2011).
27
Figure 6.1:
Overcrowding (one or more bedrooms required)NSW - 1996, 2001, 2006 &2011
0
5
10
15
20
25
1996 2001 2006 2011
%
Aboriginal Non Aboriginal
6.3: Homelessness The Counting the Homeless2 report highlighted Aboriginal people are more likely to experience homelessness than other Australians. In 2006, Aboriginal people accounted for 2.4% of the Australian population, but 9% of the homeless population. In this analysis of housing need, homeless households have been defined to include:
rough sleepers (primary homeless); households living in crisis accommodation, and couch surfers (secondary
homeless); households living in boarding houses (tertiary homeless); and households living in caravan parks (marginally housed).
6.3.1: Profile of Aboriginal homelessness In 2008 it is estimated 1,701 Aboriginal people in NSW were homeless. This is based on the Aboriginal homeless count then after the 2006 Census. In September 2012, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) presented a statistical definition of homelessness that takes into consideration aspects of adequacy, security, stability and privacy and released revised homeless figures for ABS Censuses 2001 and 2006. Based on the new definition, as at 2006, there were 1,881 homeless Aboriginal people in NSW or 7.2% of Indigenous homeless in Australia. The breakdown of homelessness shows that the majority of homeless households are living in living in supported /crisis accommodation (711) and severely overcrowded households (590). The 2011 Census data based on the new definition shows that there were a total of 2,203 Indigenous homeless persons in NSW. Revised ABS figures became available in the last one to two months and detailed analysis has not been undertaken. Meanwhile, 2008 estimates of Aboriginal homeless households provide some indications of the attributes of homelessness. Some key characteristics of the NSW homeless Aboriginal households in 2008 and based on AHO analysis of Small Area Housing Assistance Data are as follows:
2 Counting the Homeless 2006, Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2050.0
28
age of reference person: the majority of homeless households are aged under 59 (43.8% mostly between 35-59 and 41.4%,15-34 years);
senior and frail households: approximately 34% of all homeless Aboriginal households have someone aged over 45 in the household;
households under 20 years of age: only 10% of all homeless Aboriginal households are classified as under 20 years of age;
household type: approximately 61% are singles, followed, by 20% single parents; social housing eligibility: the majority (96%) of all NSW homeless Aboriginal
households are eligible for social housing; and disability household: around 626 (37%) homeless Aboriginal households receive a
disability pension. Between 43.8% 41.4%.
The type of homelessness also varies across ARIA regions. Figure 6.2 shows the majority of rough sleepers are located in the Major Cities region. The Major Cities region is also where the majority of couch surfers and those residing in boarding houses can be found. Households living in caravans are mainly located in the Inner Regional. The Major Cities and Inner Regional regions also take up the largest share of homeless Aboriginal households in crisis accommodation.
Figure 6.2:
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rough Sleepers
Crisis Accommodation
Couch Surfers
Boarding Housing
Caravan
Very Remote
Remote
Outer Regional
Inner Regional
Major Cities
Homelessness tenures in 2008 by ARIA region
6.3.2: Homelessness and dwellings required The 1,701 homeless Aboriginal households in NSW in 2008 translate directly into the need for an additional 1,701 dwellings. Similarly by 2021, there will be a total of 2,600 dwellings required to meet the housing needs of homeless Aboriginals in NSW. With the new definition of homelessness, released in 2012, this figure can be expected to be much higher. Tables 6.3 shows the breakdown of the number of dwellings by number of bedrooms required to meet the NSW Aboriginal homeless housing need. The number of
29
bedrooms per dwelling has been determined based generally on the Canadian Occupancy Standard3. Table 6.3: Number of bedrooms per dwelling required to meet housing need in NSW and by ARIA region in 2008
Number of Bedrooms per dwelling
Major Cities
Inner Regional
Outer Regional
Remote Very Remote
NSW
One bedroom required 580 489 156 34 6 1,265 Two bedrms required 101 182 39 12 1 334 Three bedrms required 36 36 9 2 0 83 Four + bedrms required 6 11 2 0 0 18 Total 722 718 206 49 6 1,701
6.4 Concept of households in need Households likely in need may be classified here to include the following tenure types:
rough sleepers (primary homeless); crisis accommodation and couch surfers (secondary homeless); boarding houses (tertiary homeless); caravan parks (marginally housed); public housing, Aboriginal housing, Indigenous community housing and
community housing (social housing); Overcrowded households; private renters with a low income and stressed; and purchasers with a low income and stressed.
A breakdown of NSW Aboriginal Households likely in need of social housing by ARIA region as at 2008 and based on Small Area Housing Assistance Needs modelling are:
The majority of Aboriginal households living in public housing dwellings live in the Major Cities ARIA region. Major Cities also have the largest number of Aboriginal households living in Aboriginal housing dwellings, renting privately (with low income and in housing stress) and their own homes with an outstanding mortgage (with low income and in housing stress).
The majority of NSW Aboriginal households living in community housing dwellings live in the Inner Regional ARIA region. This is also the case for Indigenous community housing.
A significant number of Aboriginal households living in Indigenous community housing are within the Outer Regional. Figure 6.3 shows the breakdown of tenure type by ARIA for Aboriginal households likely in need of social housing.
3 Occupancy Standard specifies that: - no more than 2 people share a bedroom - parents and couples may share a bedroom - children under 5 years, either of the same sex or opposite sex may share a bedroom - children under 18 years of the same sex may share a bedroom - a child aged 5 to 17 years should not share a bedroom with a child under 5 of the opposite sex - single adults 18 years and over and any unpaired children require a separate bedroom
30
Figure 6.3
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000
Rough Sleepers
Crisis Accommodation
Couch Surfers
Boarding Housing
Caravan
Public Housing
Aboriginal Housing
Community Housing
Indigenous Community Housing
Private Renter
Purchaser
Very Remote
Remote
Outer Regional
Inner Regional
Major Cities
NSW Aboriginal households likely in need by tenure type by ARIA Region 2008
Figure 6.4 and Figure 6.5 below show distribution by LGAs and by Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) zones based partly on 2006 Census. Figure 6.4
31
Figure 6.5:
Figure 6.6 shows the Aboriginal housing high need locations among AHO regions.
32
7. OUR RESPONSE TO NEED 7.1 Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership Program (RIHNP) The AHO is currently undertaking the implementation of the Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership (RIHNP). The program will spend almost $400m in Commonwealth funding over the 10 years 2008-2018. In 2010-11 AHO delivered:
39 new dwellings in remote areas Refurbished 241 remote Aboriginal community housing provider dwellings Additional 18 dwellings in regional areas to be used by Aboriginal people from
remote communities in pursuit of employment related and training opportunities. Table 7.1: Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership and National Building Economic Stimulus Plan handover 2010/11
Remote Indigenous Housing National Partnership acquisitions
National Building Economic Stimulus Plan Regions
Dwelling size
Capital Works
Employment related accommodation Handovers
5+ bedrooms 4 bedrooms 1 4 3 bedrooms 7 7 122 bedrooms 481 bedroom 43
Northern region
All dwellings 8 11 103 5+ bedrooms 14 bedrooms 3 bedrooms 2 2 bedrooms 471 bedroom 43
Sydney/South Eastern Region
All dwellings 2 91 5+ bedrooms 1 4 bedrooms 9 4 3 bedrooms 17 5 2 bedrooms 9 191 bedroom 28
Western region
All dwellings 36 9 47 5+ bedrooms 1 14 bedrooms 10 8 03 bedrooms 24 14 122 bedrooms 9 1141 bedroom 114
All regions
All dwellings 44 22 241
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7.2 Build and Grow: Aboriginal Community Housing Strategy The Build and Grow Aboriginal Community Housing Strategy is a framework to improve housing outcomes for Aboriginal people in NSW. The key aspects of the strategy include: addressing the backlog of maintenance on homes owned by participating Aboriginal
community housing providers, developing a new registration system and rent policy, and providing time-limited capacity subsidies, business development and capacity-
building assistance for eligible providers. In 2010-11 under Build and Grow, the following were undertaken: Repairs and maintenance of 114 dwellings in regional and urban areas The first round of PARS assessments under the new Provider Assessment
Registration System with all nine Aboriginal community housing providers that participated successfully achieving registration
A new rent policy and an extensive round of briefings with providers to explain how it
work 28 providers commenced negotiations with the AHO to headlease a total of 710
homes. When negotiations are completed, the AHO will subleases these to PARS-approved Providers to professionally manage.
A program of Safe Houses in isolated communities in western NSW to improve
access to crisis accommodation, transitional housing and long term housing for Aboriginal women and children affected by domestic and family violence.
As at end of September 2012: 26 ACHPs are Approved Providers (21 through PARS and 5 through NSW
Regulatory System – REGCODE) 9 headleases have been signed 82 ACHPs are in various stages of the headleasing process. Table 7.2: Number of approved PARS providers, September 2012 Region
Total Approved providers
Northern Region
15
Sydney/South Eastern Region
4
Western Region
7
34
7.3: Approved Providers Table 7.3: Approved providers by AHO region Region List of Providers Type
Bundjalung Tribal Society PARS
Bunyah Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Coffs Harbour Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Gunida Gunyah Aboriginal Corporation PARS
Guyra Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Northern Region
Many Rivers Regional Housing Management Services Aboriginal Corporation
PARS
Moombahlene Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Red Chief Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Unkya Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Wanaruah Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Nambucca Heads REGCODE
Moych Aboriginal Corporation “Swamp” REGCODE
Bungree Aboriginal Association REGCODE
Mindaribba Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Wahgunyah Housing Aboriginal Corporation
Northern Region
Bangee Ngurra Aboriginal Corporation PARS Dharawal Aboriginal Corporation Community Association
PARS
Illawarra Aboriginal Corporation PARS SEARMS - South Eastern Aboriginal Regional Management Service
PARS
Sydney/South Eastern Region
Broken Hill Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS Mid Lachlan Aboriginal Housing Management Cooperative
PARS
Murdi Paaki Regional Housing Corporation PARS
Dubbo Local Aboriginal Land Council REGCODE
Gilgandra Local Aboriginal Land Council REGCODE
Wagga Wagga Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
Western Region
Trangie Local Aboriginal Land Council PARS
The Figures 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 below show pilot and approved providers in NSW. Approved providers include both the Provider Assessment and Registration System (PARS) approved and NSW Registration System (REGCODE) approved.
35
Figure: 7.1: Pilot and Approved Providers
Figure 7.2: Approved Providers by ARIA
36
Figure 7.3: Approved Providers by Remote and Non-Remote areas for refurbishment purposes
37
7.4 Capital Works Program Table 7.4: AHO capital works program as at 30 June 2011 Regions
Indicators
Summary Capital Works
Acquisition Construction AHO HACP AHO HACP
Dwelling size 5+ bedrooms 1 1 4 bedrooms 7 3 bedrooms 6 2 bedrooms 9 1 bedroom 0 bedroom - bedsitters etc All dwellings 23 1 Vacant land /non dwelling Number of Aboriginal community housing providers Average number of dwellings
Northern region
Number issued grants Dwelling size 5+ bedrooms 3 4 bedrooms 7 3 bedrooms 5 2 bedrooms 1 bedroom 0 bedroom - bedsitters etc All dwellings 15 Vacant land Number of Aboriginal community housing providers Average number of dwellings
Sydney/South Eastern region
Number issued grants Dwelling size 5+ bedrooms 1 4 bedrooms 1 3 bedrooms 1 2 bedrooms 1 bedroom 0 bedroom - bedsitters etc All dwellings 3 Vacant land Number of Aboriginal community housing providers Average number of dwellings
Western region
Number issued grants
38
Table 7.4: AHO capital works program as at 30 June 2011 (continued) Regions
Indicators
Summary Capital Works
Acquisition Construction Dwelling size 5+ bedrooms 5 1 4 bedrooms 15 3 bedrooms 12 2 bedrooms 9 1 bedroom 0 bedroom - bedsitters etc All dwellings 41 1 Vacant land Number of Aboriginal community housing providers Average number of dwellings
All regions
Number issued grants
Notes:
All data to refer to June 2011 or the most recent data.
Data on RIHNP – new construction, acquisition, Employment Related Accommodation (ERA). (see AHO Statement of Business Intent (SBI 2011/12 and 2012/13). See also FACS /AHO annual report 2010/11.
Build and Grow data will have subsection for PARS and headleasing. For PARS – list of PARS categories and AHO regional summaries (see latest PARS Team monthly report; See also the attached data. Contact John /Tara on info on latest information on headleasing.
Capital Works Program for 2010/11 (and any latest information). See SBI report and SHOP monthly report.
Figure 7.4 and Figure 7.5 below show the distribution of new supply.
39
Figures 7.4 and 7.5
40
Figure 7.6 shows the geographical distribution of PARS pilot providers.
Figure 7.6
41
8. KEY SECTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
8.1 AHO Financial Information The source and amount of AHO funds and expenditure of the funds are shown in
Table 8.1 and 8.2 below. Sources of funds essentially comprise State and Federal Governments funding in
relation to the National Affordable Housing Agreement (NAHA) and the National Partnership Agreement on Remote Indigenous Housing (NPARIH).
Total AHO assets as at 30 June 2011 were marginally above $1.1 billion. Table 8.1: AHO Funding Sources, 2010/11 and 2011/12 Item 2010/11
($’000) 2011/12 ($’000)
NSW Government State Social Housing 1,900 5,896 Aboriginal Communities Development Program 3,000 - Subtotal 4,900 5,896 Commonwealth National Affordable Housing Agreement (NAHA) 25,760 26,287 National Partnership Agreement on Remote Indigenous Housing (NPARIH)
30,735 51,501
Other 171 - Subtotal 56,666 77,788 Other sources of funds Net rental income 12,555 15,002 Interest income 876 1,058 Proceeds from asset sales 2,717 1,108 Other 555 235 Subtotal 16,703 17,403 Total 78,269
($78.3 million) 101,087 ($101.1 million)
Table 8.2: AHO Application of Funds, 2010/11 and 2011/12
Item 2010/11
($’000) 2011/12 ($’000)
AHO planned maintenance $10,828 15,166 Aboriginal Communities Development Program 3,000 - NPARIH refurbishment program expenses 14,097 10,172 NPARIH backlog maintenance and repair 6,103 6,392 Other programs 4,337 3,071 Acquisition and construction 47,601,000 31,485 Subtotal 85,966 66,286 AHO operating costs 13,710 19,901 Total 99,676
($99.7 million) 86,187 ($86.2 million)
Note: The 2012 AHO Operating costs now include the Build and Grow administrative reform program and the 2010-11 costs have also been adjusted accordingly. The main cause of variation between the years was the equity adjustment in Superannuation of some $3.9 million.
42
8.2: AHO Program Funding Allocations, 2010/11 and 2011/12 Table 8.3: AHO Recurrent Allocations as at March 2012 (in ‘$000)
RECURRENT 2010-11 Actual
2011-12
Repairs and Maintenance Planned 13,569 12,000 Responsive (Housing NSW) 10,828 15,496Tenancy Operations Council and Water Rates 9,171 9,418 Housing NSW Management Fee 4,253 4,732 Insurance /agents/mowing/other 147 1,569 Doubtful Debts 217 500Employee Related Core Staff 6,431 8,135 Provider Assessment and Registration System (PARS) Staff 961 1,167 National Partnership (NP) program staff - Build and Grow Administration 964 1,055Admin and Working Expenses Core operations 2,949 4,883 PARS 268 480 Businesslink Service Fee 985 1,020 NPARIH - Build and Grow Admin 828 3,455 NPARIH Employment Related Employment - recurrent (furniture) 50 100Grants and Subsidies Operating Subsidy ACHP 3,264 6,405 RAHMS community resourcing 1,073 0 ACDP Program 3,000 NPARIH Refurbishment Program 14,097 21,214 NPARIH Backlog Program (including Safe Houses) 6,103 21,000 NPARIH PTM Subsidies 0 651Depreciation and Amortisation 8,012 10,906 Total 87,170 124,187Notes: o Forward estimates based on MOE November 2010 plus adjustments in allocation letter 18 July 2011. o Includes revisions post allocation letter and updated as at March 2012.
Table 8.4: AHO Capital Allocations as at March 2012
CAPITAL 2010-11 Actual
2011-12
New Supply 13,554 13,000Administration Assets /Office Fit out 304 500NPARIH New Supply 22,896 16,699NPARIH ERA 8,758 9,396Safe Houses (funding including in backlog grants) 1,588 0Total 47,100 39,595Notes: o Forward estimates based on MOE November 2010 plus adjustments in allocation letter 18 July 2011. o Includes revisions post allocation letter and updated as at March 2012. o NPARIH – National Partnership Agreement on Remote Indigenous Housing. o ERA – Employment Related Accommodation.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA)
The Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) devised a remoteness structure that classified Census Collection Districts (CDs) into Remoteness Areas. There are five broad geographical regions in NSW. The regions are ’major cities’, ‘inner regional’, ‘outer regional’, ‘remote’ and ‘very remote’.
Homelessness
This is defined on the basis of shared community standards regarding the minimum accommodation that people have right to expect for normal life. The minimum standard is a ‘small rental flat’ with sleeping, kitchen and bathroom facilities4. A household that does not have access to these minimum facilities may be considered homeless.
Insecure housing Insecure housing is housing with no security of tenure. For example, marginal residents of caravan parks are considered to be living in insecure housing.
Overcrowding A household is considered to be overcrowded if it requires one or more additional bedrooms to comply with the Canadian National Occupancy Standard (CNOS). The CNOS specifies that: no more than two people should share a bedroom parents or couples may share a bedroom children under 5 years, either of the same sex or opposite
sex may share a bedroom children under 18 years of the same sex may share a
bedroom a child aged 5-–7 years should not share a bedroom with a
child under 5 of the opposite sex single adults 18 years and over and any unpaired children
require a separate bedroom.
Social housing Social housing in this report refers to Indigenous housing provided by mainstream public housing and community housing, state owned and managed Indigenous housing and Aboriginal community housing.
State owned and managed Indigenous housing
This term refers to social housing for Aboriginal households that are owned and managed by the state. In NSW, these are Aboriginal Housing Office owned properties that are managed by Housing NSW.
4 For more details see the National Evaluation of the Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP IV) Report, 2004.
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Appendix A Possible explanations for increase in the Census 2011 Indigenous population In NSW, there was an increase of 15% in Indigenous population between the 2001 and 2006 Census. Between the 2006 and 2011 Census there was an increase of 24.7%. The increases in the Indigenous population cannot be accounted for by the birth rate alone. For example, increase in 0-4 years accounted for only 12.3% of the increase in Aboriginal population. The ABS attributes the increase to a growing propensity of people to identify as Aboriginal and/ or Torres Strait Islander, and the greater efforts made to record Indigenous status in the censuses such as the 2011 Indigenous Engagement Strategy by ABS for the 2011 Census. This strategy incorporated improvements to the collection of data for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in discrete communities and also in other areas, and included a significantly increased level of community engagement. As a result of the recorded increases in the number of Indigenous peoples, the ABS has indicated that comparisons made between censuses must be made with caution. ABS recommends comparing percentages from censuses, rather than directly comparing counts or numbers. Despite the increases in the numbers of people identifying as Indigenous in censuses, however, there are still believed to be significant undercounts occurring. In the 2011 Census, Indigenous status is unknown for 339,370 people in NSW. This compares to 387,585 for the 2006 Census. This represents a reduction of 48,287 people for whom Indigenous status is unknown in the 2011 Census. This suggests some of the 34,126 increase in the Indigenous population could be from this category. Natural Growth of the Indigenous population While an overall decline in the Indigenous fertility rate has been reported since the 1960s, in 2006 the rate was still higher than for the non-Indigenous population at 2.1 babies per Indigenous woman compared to 1.8 babies per non-Indigenous woman. The ABS notes that the fertility of Indigenous women may be underestimated because of the incomplete identification of Indigenous status of the mother in birth registrations. Further, because Indigenous babies are born to non-Indigenous women (with an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander father), estimates of population growth based exclusively on the fertility of Indigenous women results in an underestimate of the actual growth of the Indigenous population. Current 2011 Results The Census count of the NSW Indigenous population has increased by 43.8% from the 2001 Census to the 2011 Census. The increase between the 2006 and 2011 Census count was 24.7% The increase was greatest for older age groups (aged over 50) between the three Census periods 2001, 2006 and 2011. This increase probably is a result of an increase in identification. The highest rate of increase was for 25-29 year old group where the decrease of 5.34% found between the 2001 and 2006 Census periods was turned around to an increase of 31.8% between the 2006 and 2011 censuses. This is also probably as a result of an increase in identification.
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The rate of increase for younger people was considerable; especially babies and children aged 5-9 years. However, the increase in 0-9 years could possibly be due to a combination of both natural growth and an increase in identification of their parents especially those in the 25-29 age groups. The 60-64 year age group increased from 37.0% during 2001 to 2006 to 58.7% from 2006 to 2011. This is also probably as a result of an increase in identification.
Percentage Change in the Census Count of Indigineous Persons
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65 years and over
Ag
e G
rou
ps
Percentage
Change between 2001-2006
Change between 2006-2011
Change betw een 2001-2006 8.554.6818.7821.3522.38-5.342.8913.8518.3728.4831.7944.2537.0145.33
Change betw een 2006-2011 24.4215.4113.9730.4328.6631.754.9412.5626.1630.8843.7143.8658.6748.88
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65 years and
