Sections Sports MedicineSections Sports Medicine

Medical supervision of persons engaged is Medical supervision of persons engaged is physical culture and sportphysical culture and sport

Physiology and Hygiene of Physical Physiology and Hygiene of Physical Education and SportEducation and Sport

General and individual pathology of General and individual pathology of Physical Education and SportPhysical Education and Sport

Tasks of Sport MedicineTasks of Sport Medicine:: - Organizing and promoting the rational use of physical culture - Organizing and promoting the rational use of physical culture

in order to preserve and strengthen health , achieving high in order to preserve and strengthen health , achieving high sports results ;sports results ;

study and assessment of health , issues of access to study and assessment of health , issues of access to employment and sports orientation , the early detection of employment and sports orientation , the early detection of diseases and injuries;diseases and injuries;

study and evaluation of physical development;study and evaluation of physical development; diagnostics of functional state ;diagnostics of functional state ; study the effects on the body mode and methods of training ;study the effects on the body mode and methods of training ; organization of health care and restorative measures;organization of health care and restorative measures; control of the daily routine, exercise and nutrition;control of the daily routine, exercise and nutrition; participation on the basis of their observations in the planning participation on the basis of their observations in the planning

and adjustment training process ;and adjustment training process ; monitoring of compliance with the conditions and organization monitoring of compliance with the conditions and organization

of training adopted hygienic standards and requirements;of training adopted hygienic standards and requirements; sanitary education and work;sanitary education and work; health care events.health care events.

Evaluation testsEvaluation tests::

1. Excitability rate: 1. Excitability rate:                 10 - 100% 10 - 100%                                                                           (16 - 10) 6 - x% (16 - 10) 6 - x%                                                                                   X = 60% X = 60%                               (N - 80%) (N - 80%)

2. The recovery rate: 2. The recovery rate:         1 min 50 s (N 3 min) 1 min 50 s (N 3 min)

3. BP reaction: 3. BP reaction:     systems: + 20 (N to + 40) systems: + 20 (N to + 40)

diast - 5 (N - 0 - 10) diast - 5 (N - 0 - 10)

4. Recovery Time AT: 4. Recovery Time AT: 3 min (N - 3 min) 3 min (N - 3 min)

Conclusion: The type of reaction - normotonicConclusion: The type of reaction - normotonic

TYPES TYPES surveys in sports surveys in sports medicinemedicine

PRIMARY PRIMARY

Repeatedly (2 times a year) Repeatedly (2 times a year)

OPTIONALOPTIONAL

Determining the top down.? Most people (and that right-Determining the top down.? Most people (and that right-handers, 70%) top leg is left (so-called asymmetry of the cross), handers, 70%) top leg is left (so-called asymmetry of the cross),

20% of the population is driving the same name arm and leg 20% of the population is driving the same name arm and leg (right).(right).

To determine the top down tests taken: - To determine the top down tests taken: - Lowering on one knee (often leading Lowering on one knee (often leading to)- Laying down on the leg (leading to)- Laying down on the leg (leading from the top) in a sitting position; - A from the top) in a sitting position; - A surprising move. Close your eyes, get surprising move. Close your eyes, get four limbs hands forward. Behind the four limbs hands forward. Behind the examiner gently pushing (not dropped). examiner gently pushing (not dropped). The first step is the leading foot. This The first step is the leading foot. This test is most important, because it test is most important, because it reflects innate properties of the reflects innate properties of the individual rather than purchased.individual rather than purchased.

Orthostatic testOrthostatic test

Plan Survey athletes and athletes:Plan Survey athletes and athletes:

Passport part Passport part Medical history of life Medical history of life Sports history Sports history These next sports history These next sports history anthropometry anthropometry Somatoskopiya Somatoskopiya Browse by organ systems Browse by organ systems Additional methods of examination Additional methods of examination Functional tests of the heart and lungs Functional tests of the heart and lungs conclusionconclusion

A n t c o n o m e t r I A n t c o n o m e t r I

makes it possible to determine makes it possible to determine

quantitative characteristics quantitative characteristics

physical development. As physical development. As

main features of the length of study main features of the length of study

and the weight, thorax perimeter, and the weight, thorax perimeter,

lung capacity, muscle lung capacity, muscle

force. For special indications force. For special indications

studying the amount of motion in studying the amount of motion in joints. joints.

In conducting research In conducting research

the subject should be the subject should be

naked, without shoes, naked, without shoes,

the room is well lit. the room is well lit.

Technology and technique required Technology and technique required

specific knowledge and practical specific knowledge and practical

skills.skills.

Measuring growth rostomirom: a - Measuring growth rostomirom: a - standing B - sittingstanding B - sitting..

.. Knowing the length of the body in two Knowing the length of the body in two positions can be foundpositions can be found

proportionality factor / ME /:proportionality factor / ME /: CP = (L1-L2) / L2 100,CP = (L1-L2) / L2 100, L1 - length of the body in a standing position , L1 - length of the body in a standing position ,

L2 - length of the body in a sitting positionL2 - length of the body in a sitting position               Normally CI = 87-92 %. The Normally CI = 87-92 %. The

proportionality factor is important in sports. proportionality factor is important in sports. Individuals with low CP with other things Individuals with low CP with other things being equal , have a low center of gravity being equal , have a low center of gravity location that gives them an advantage when location that gives them an advantage when performing exercises that require balance of performing exercises that require balance of the body in space ( skiing , ski jumping , the body in space ( skiing , ski jumping , wrestling, weightlifting) . In contrast , wrestling, weightlifting) . In contrast , individuals with high CP have advantages in individuals with high CP have advantages in jumping , running . In women, the CP is jumping , running . In women, the CP is somewhat lower than that of mensomewhat lower than that of men

.. Measuring the circumference of the Measuring the circumference of the chestchest

Perimeter of the chest measured at Perimeter of the chest measured at maximum inspiration, full exhalation and maximum inspiration, full exhalation and during breaks. The difference between during breaks. The difference between the values of circumference of the chest the values of circumference of the chest in the phase of maximum inspiratory and in the phase of maximum inspiratory and expiratory maximum indicates the degree expiratory maximum indicates the degree of mobility of the chest (tour, swing). On of mobility of the chest (tour, swing). On average it is 4-5 cm in men and 4 -7 cm average it is 4-5 cm in men and 4 -7 cm in women. In athletes, especially in women. In athletes, especially swimmers, chest excursion can reach 10 swimmers, chest excursion can reach 10 -14 cm, patients going down to 2 cm -1 -14 cm, patients going down to 2 cm -1 and even 0.and even 0.

Measurements of muscle strength - Measurements of muscle strength - dynamometrydynamometry. .

The extent of fat depositsThe extent of fat deposits

Measuring the thickness of the skin-fat folds to Measuring the thickness of the skin-fat folds to assess fat deposition and its uniform distribution assess fat deposition and its uniform distribution throughout the body hold caliper or two, or eight throughout the body hold caliper or two, or eight

points.points.

..

Take longitudinal cutaneous folds of fat Take longitudinal cutaneous folds of fat under the lower angle of the right scapula under the lower angle of the right scapula ( diagonally ) on the front of the abdomen - ( diagonally ) on the front of the abdomen - right at the navel 5 cm horizontally on the right at the navel 5 cm horizontally on the front of the shoulder - on the right hand in front of the shoulder - on the right hand in the upper third of the inner surface the upper third of the inner surface vertically. On the chest - anterior axillary vertically. On the chest - anterior axillary line on an angle . In the hip - in a sitting line on an angle . In the hip - in a sitting position on the anterior surface of the outer position on the anterior surface of the outer parallel at the top of the groin crease. At the parallel at the top of the groin crease. At the lower leg - while sitting on the posterior lower leg - while sitting on the posterior outer surface at the top of the right leg at the outer surface at the top of the right leg at the lower angle of the popliteal fossa. At the lower angle of the popliteal fossa. At the rear of the hand - at the head of the third rear of the hand - at the head of the third fingerfinger

Spine- column lifeSpine- column life

The shape of the back depends on the The shape of the back depends on the natural curves of the spine, which can be natural curves of the spine, which can be measured by a special device - measured by a special device - kifoskoliozometrom. They normally kifoskoliozometrom. They normally make up 3-4 cm depth curves of the make up 3-4 cm depth curves of the spine changes under the influence of spine changes under the influence of negative environmental factors (living negative environmental factors (living conditions, education), long kept at conditions, education), long kept at improper posture weak back muscles improper posture weak back muscles may be the result of an illness (rickets, may be the result of an illness (rickets, etc.) asymmetric loading sports, etcetc.) asymmetric loading sports, etc

.. Forms back: Forms back: a-normal; a-normal; b-rounded; b-rounded; in - plane; in - plane; Mr. okruhlovvihnutaMr. okruhlovvihnuta

Round the back ( stooping ) is characterized by Round the back ( stooping ) is characterized by extremely pronounced thoracic kyphosis with extremely pronounced thoracic kyphosis with noticeably smooth cervical and lumbar lordosis , noticeably smooth cervical and lumbar lordosis , decrease the angle of inclination of the pelvis. In decrease the angle of inclination of the pelvis. In profile observed podannost ' shoulders forward . profile observed podannost ' shoulders forward . These forms back restricts movement of the chest, These forms back restricts movement of the chest, difficult breathing and , therefore, reduces the difficult breathing and , therefore, reduces the function of the respiratory and cardiovascular function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In a round flat back often determined . ? systems. In a round flat back often determined . ? While flat (or flattened ) back smooth curves of the While flat (or flattened ) back smooth curves of the spine , pelvic tilt angle is reduced , blades pterygium . spine , pelvic tilt angle is reduced , blades pterygium . This spine is unstable to various distorting effects and This spine is unstable to various distorting effects and prone to scoliosis, central nervous system injuries and prone to scoliosis, central nervous system injuries and elements of the musculoskeletal system in the elements of the musculoskeletal system in the performance of the motor loadperformance of the motor load

Scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine (can be complex Scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine (can be complex Multi-strain). Leads to disruption of the relative changes of Multi-strain). Leads to disruption of the relative changes of

internal organs and their functions, ie the formation of internal organs and their functions, ie the formation of scoliotic disease.scoliotic disease.

Scoliosis may vary in shape arc: a simple Scoliosis may vary in shape arc: a simple scoliosis - a curvature of the curve (S-scoliosis - a curvature of the curve (S-shaped) complex - with the opposition (S-shaped) complex - with the opposition (S-shaped). shaped).

There scoliosis by spine where the There scoliosis by spine where the curvature is defined and where it is curvature is defined and where it is directed apex arc cervical, thoracic, directed apex arc cervical, thoracic, lumbar, combined right-or left-sided.lumbar, combined right-or left-sided.

Type of scoliosis: a - right-handed B Type of scoliosis: a - right-handed B - nearside c and d - S-shaped.- nearside c and d - S-shaped.

There scoliosis 3 levelsThere scoliosis 3 levels::

I stage - functional I stage - functional scoliosis (curvature scoliosis (curvature vanishes with the vanishes with the patient "hands on patient "hands on head").head").

Grade II - intermediate Grade II - intermediate form (curvature form (curvature disappears when disappears when Wiese).Wiese).

III degree - of multi-III degree - of multi-resistant strain of the resistant strain of the spine, "rib hump" in spine, "rib hump" in the muscle spindle the muscle spindle distortion.distortion.

Must be differentiated from scoliosis Must be differentiated from scoliosis scoliotic (or asymmetric) posture. It is scoliotic (or asymmetric) posture. It is noted the level of standing shoulder not noted the level of standing shoulder not on the same line, asymmetrical waistline on the same line, asymmetrical waistline triangles, there is a right-or left-lateral triangles, there is a right-or left-lateral curvature of the spine, but the chest when curvature of the spine, but the chest when you lean the body forward with hands you lean the body forward with hands down no deformed (no bulging ribs on down no deformed (no bulging ribs on one side and flattening - to another).one side and flattening - to another).

The shape of the chest is determined by the location The shape of the chest is determined by the location of edges (PP) (horizontal , oblique ), intercostal of edges (PP) (horizontal , oblique ), intercostal size . angle ( MU = 90 °, < 90 °,> 90 °), relations size . angle ( MU = 90 °, < 90 °,> 90 °), relations between the sagittal and frontal breast size. shape of between the sagittal and frontal breast size. shape of the chest : 1. Cylindrical - shaped cylinder PP - the chest : 1. Cylindrical - shaped cylinder PP - horizontal, MU = 90 °. 2. Tapered - in the form of a horizontal, MU = 90 °. 2. Tapered - in the form of a truncated cone , PP - horizontal MU > 90 °. 3. Flat truncated cone , PP - horizontal MU > 90 °. 3. Flat ( flattened ) - anteroposterior diameter decreased , ( flattened ) - anteroposterior diameter decreased , PP - lowered , MU <90 °. With good physical PP - lowered , MU <90 °. With good physical development of the chest is usually cylindrical in development of the chest is usually cylindrical in shape , with a weak physical development - flat . To shape , with a weak physical development - flat . To pathological forms include chest rahiticheskaya pathological forms include chest rahiticheskaya (asymmetric , chicken ), barrel , etc(asymmetric , chicken ), barrel , etc ..

Forms chest: Forms chest:

1 - normal; 1 - normal;

2 - flat; 2 - flat;

3 - chicken; 3 - chicken;

4 - funnel; 4 - funnel;

5 - emphysematous5 - emphysematous

Shape toe: a - normal B - X - like C - Shape toe: a - normal B - X - like C - O-.O-.

There are the normal foot, flattened, There are the normal foot, flattened, flat, hollow.flat, hollow.

Explanation plantohramy by IM Chyzhynym

RESEARCH PROTOCOL SOMATOSKOPICHNOHO ? Name RESEARCH PROTOCOL SOMATOSKOPICHNOHO ? Name _______________________________________________________ ? Age __________ _______________________________________________________ ? Age __________ Gender ________ Type Sport ____________________ ? Gender ________ Type Sport ____________________ ? ______________________________________ Sports skills ? 1. FEATURES posture ? ______________________________________ Sports skills ? 1. FEATURES posture ? Regulations heads ( one with a vertical torso filed forward, tilted to the right go left) Regulations heads ( one with a vertical torso filed forward, tilted to the right go left) __________________________________________ ? Provisions of the shoulder girdle ( on __________________________________________ ? Provisions of the shoulder girdle ( on one level, the uniformity of the width of the right and left shoulder, unfolded or Podanyev one level, the uniformity of the width of the right and left shoulder, unfolded or Podanyev forward ) ______________ ? Spine : the severity of bends forward ) ______________ ? Spine : the severity of bends _______________________________ ? scoliosis (presence , type, shape, degree of scoliosis ) _______________________________ ? scoliosis (presence , type, shape, degree of scoliosis ) _____________________ ? Triangles waist ( symmetry ) _____________________ ? Triangles waist ( symmetry ) ______________________________ ? form back ( flat, round, kruhlouvihnuta , ______________________________ ? form back ( flat, round, kruhlouvihnuta , ploskovohnutaya ) _______ ? Blades (normal , winged ) ploskovohnutaya ) _______ ? Blades (normal , winged ) _______________________________ ? shape of the chest (cylindrical, conical, flattened , _______________________________ ? shape of the chest (cylindrical, conical, flattened , light , asymmetrical , chicken , barrel , etc.) _________________________ ? Form abdomen light , asymmetrical , chicken , barrel , etc.) _________________________ ? Form abdomen (straight , light , dropped , asymmetrical ) ______________ ? Overview of carriage ( right , (straight , light , dropped , asymmetrical ) ______________ ? Overview of carriage ( right , round-shouldered , lordoticheskaya , kyphotic , scoliotic ) round-shouldered , lordoticheskaya , kyphotic , scoliotic ) ______________________________________ ? 2. STATE musculoskeletal system (OSA )? ______________________________________ ? 2. STATE musculoskeletal system (OSA )? Hand shape ( straight, X-shaped ) __________________________________ ? Form feet Hand shape ( straight, X-shaped ) __________________________________ ? Form feet ( direct X -shaped or O -shaped ) ____________________ ? Stop ( normal, flattened , flat , ( direct X -shaped or O -shaped ) ____________________ ? Stop ( normal, flattened , flat , hollow ) ___________________ ? Joints (movement within physiological limits , restrictions hollow ) ___________________ ? Joints (movement within physiological limits , restrictions on movement , deformation ( where) on movement , deformation ( where) _______________________________________________ ? Development muscles ( good , _______________________________________________ ? Development muscles ( good , average , poor , uniform , non-uniform (de) average , poor , uniform , non-uniform (de) ______________________________________________________ ? zhirootlozheniya ______________________________________________________ ? zhirootlozheniya (normal , low , high , even , uneven (de) (normal , low , high , even , uneven (de) _________________________________________________ ? skin (color , dryness, humidity _________________________________________________ ? skin (color , dryness, humidity , presence of pigmentation , rash ) _____ ? Other features of OSA , presence of pigmentation , rash ) _____ ? Other features of OSA _________________________________________?_________________________________________?________________________________________________________________?3. TYPE ________________________________________________________________?3. TYPE Body Type ? Astenik , hiperstenik , normostenik ________________________________Body Type ? Astenik , hiperstenik , normostenik ________________________________

Adipose tissue is considered to be biologically inactive. In the human body is Adipose tissue is considered to be biologically inactive. In the human body is measured skin-folds of fat in 8 locations: on the shoulders (front and back surface), measured skin-folds of fat in 8 locations: on the shoulders (front and back surface), arms, back, thighs, abdomen, chest. In women, the last measurement is performed.arms, back, thighs, abdomen, chest. In women, the last measurement is performed.

Calculate the average thickness of the Calculate the average thickness of the skin-fat folds (d): D = (d1 + d2 + d3 + skin-fat folds (d): D = (d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 + d8) / 16. Then the d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 + d8) / 16. Then the formula Matejko determined the formula Matejko determined the absolute amount of fat (D) in kg: D = absolute amount of fat (D) in kg: D = dSK, de K - constant, equal to 0,13; S dSK, de K - constant, equal to 0,13; S - body surface in m2, calculated by the - body surface in m2, calculated by the formula: S = 1 + (P + H) / 100, and formula: S = 1 + (P + H) / 100, and where P - weight in kg H variations in where P - weight in kg H variations in the growth of 160 cm with the the growth of 160 cm with the appropriate sign. Then calculate the appropriate sign. Then calculate the relative fat content in%: OSZH = (D / relative fat content in%: OSZH = (D / P) • 100, and where D and P are P) • 100, and where D and P are expressed in kg.These data compare expressed in kg.These data compare with existing regulations on sports with existing regulations on sports specialization.specialization.

Fat layer in athletes can be Fat layer in athletes can be identified by W. Stern identified by W. Stern (1980) as follows: DGP = (1980) as follows: DGP = (weight - lean body weight / (weight - lean body weight / body weight) • 100, where body weight) • 100, where can lean body mass = 98,42 can lean body mass = 98,42 + (1,082 • body weight - 4 + (1,082 • body weight - 4 15 • waist circumference).15 • waist circumference).

Determination of muscleDetermination of muscle.. Applying the formula Matejko, Applying the formula Matejko,

we can calculate the absolute we can calculate the absolute mass of muscle tissue: M = Lr2k, mass of muscle tissue: M = Lr2k, De M - muscle mass in kg; L - De M - muscle mass in kg; L - height in cm; R - average of the height in cm; R - average of the circumference of the upper arm, circumference of the upper arm, forearm, thigh, lower leg; K = forearm, thigh, lower leg; K = 6.5 (constant); S - sum. r = (S 6.5 (constant); S - sum. r = (S circles the arm, forearm, thigh, circles the arm, forearm, thigh, leg / 25,12) -- (S skin-fat folds leg / 25,12) -- (S skin-fat folds arm, forearm, thigh, leg / 100 .) arm, forearm, thigh, leg / 100 .) Next, the percentage (relative) Next, the percentage (relative) amount of muscle tissue and amount of muscle tissue and compared with the standards of compared with the standards of the sport: (M / P) • 100, P - the sport: (M / P) • 100, P - weight in kg.weight in kg.

Knowledge of this parameter seems Knowledge of this parameter seems very important for the evaluation of very important for the evaluation of health provision, because muscle health provision, because muscle tissue refers to biologically tissue refers to biologically aktyvnyh.Dlya performance required: aktyvnyh.Dlya performance required: Caliper, measuring tape.? Measuring Caliper, measuring tape.? Measuring tape Measure circumference alone tape Measure circumference alone arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and as the arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and as the thickness of skin-folds of fat on the thickness of skin-folds of fat on the forearm (front and rear) Caliper.forearm (front and rear) Caliper.

Exploring the function of cranial nerves (most Exploring the function of cranial nerves (most available):available):

- Oculomotor nerve (III pair). - Oculomotor nerve (III pair). Made Commonwealth eye Made Commonwealth eye movements left, right, up, down, movements left, right, up, down, to the tip of the nose, making to the tip of the nose, making the movement of the object the movement of the object explorer. Pay attention to the explorer. Pay attention to the amount of movement, the amount of movement, the presence of nystagmus presence of nystagmus (oscillatory motion of the (oscillatory motion of the eyeball);eyeball);

METHODS OF EVALUATION METHODS OF EVALUATION EXERCISEEXERCISE

standards standards

Index Index

correlationcorrelation

Assessment of physical development Assessment of physical development indices byindices by

Body weights for adults can Body weights for adults can be calculated by the formula be calculated by the formula Bernhard: Bernhard:

Weight = (g · Volume Weight = (g · Volume Growth "chest volume) / 240Growth "chest volume) / 240

Ideal body weight (M) can be Ideal body weight (M) can be calculated by the formula of calculated by the formula of Lorentz: Lorentz:

M = P - [100 - (P - 150) / 4] M = P - [100 - (P - 150) / 4] where P - Growth in cmwhere P - Growth in cm

Index Habsa Index Habsa P = 56 + 4/5 (L - 150) P = 56 + 4/5 (L - 150) where P - weight in kg, L - where P - weight in kg, L -

height in cmheight in cm

Quetelet Index: Quetelet Index: P / L (g / cm); P / L (g / cm); where P - weight in kg, L - height in where P - weight in kg, L - height in

cm? for Men - 370 ... 400 g / cm? for cm? for Men - 370 ... 400 g / cm? for Women - 325 ... 375 g / cmWomen - 325 ... 375 g / cm

Abdominal reflex determined by Abdominal reflex determined by complete relaxation abdominal wall. complete relaxation abdominal wall. (Bend your knees, lie on your back).(Bend your knees, lie on your back).

Blunt object touches to Blunt object touches to spend 3-4 fingers spend 3-4 fingers above the navel along above the navel along the costal arch. the costal arch. Considered normal Considered normal contraction of the contraction of the abdominal muscles of abdominal muscles of the same side.the same side.

Plantar reflex (Babinski reflex is determined by bending the Plantar reflex (Babinski reflex is determined by bending the toes during a blunt object along the inner or outer edge of the toes during a blunt object along the inner or outer edge of the

sole.sole.

Knee-jerk caused a slight blow hammer on the tendon of the quadriceps Knee-jerk caused a slight blow hammer on the tendon of the quadriceps femoris below the kneecap, there is a moderate elevation of the limb. femoris below the kneecap, there is a moderate elevation of the limb.

Running on two legs. Are compared both reactions.Running on two legs. Are compared both reactions.

Index of proportionalityIndex of proportionality: :

Index Manuvriye - percentage of leg length to Index Manuvriye - percentage of leg length to body length: body length:

(L standing / L sitting - 1) * 100 (L standing / L sitting - 1) * 100 Proportionality leg length and trunk Proportionality leg length and trunk

corresponds to the index of 87 ... 92% corresponds to the index of 87 ... 92%           at lower values - relative short-legged at at lower values - relative short-legged at

large – relative long-leggedlarge – relative long-legged

index Pigna: index Pigna: L - (P + T), L - (P + T),               where P - weight in kg, L - height in cm? where P - weight in kg, L - height in cm?

T - chest circumference at vydosi in cm T - chest circumference at vydosi in cm 10 - a solid figure, 10 - a solid figure, 11 ... 15 - good 11 ... 15 - good 16 ... 20 - medium, 16 ... 20 - medium, 21 ... 25 - weak 21 ... 25 - weak 26 or more - very poor figure26 or more - very poor figure

The proportions of individual body parts The proportions of individual body parts specific to uniformly developed peoplespecific to uniformly developed people

Chest sight: Circumference of pelvis: 10:9 Chest sight: Circumference of pelvis: 10:9 Perimeter neck circumference = 38% of breast or 2/3 of Perimeter neck circumference = 38% of breast or 2/3 of

the rim thigh or bicep circumference the rim thigh or bicep circumference Sight forearm circumference = 30% of breast Sight forearm circumference = 30% of breast Sight biceps circumference = 36% of breast Sight biceps circumference = 36% of breast Waist circumference = 75% chest circumference Waist circumference = 75% chest circumference Sight thigh circumference = 60% of pelvis Sight thigh circumference = 60% of pelvis Sight shin = 40% contours of the pelvis Sight shin = 40% contours of the pelvis

According to ancient Greek canons perimeter of the According to ancient Greek canons perimeter of the neck, legs and biceps about an only sonneck, legs and biceps about an only son

Figure of strength GROWTH-(+ WEIGHT Figure of strength GROWTH-(+ WEIGHT perimeter of the chest)perimeter of the chest)

10-15 - a solid figure 10-15 - a solid figure 16-20 - a good figure 16-20 - a good figure 21-25 - the average figure 21-25 - the average figure 26-30 - weak figure 26-30 - weak figure 31 and> very poor figure31 and> very poor figure

Weight-height index Weight (g): Weight-height index Weight (g): height (cm)height (cm)

The number of grams per 1 cm of growth: The number of grams per 1 cm of growth: > 540 - obesity > 540 - obesity 451 - 540 - overweight 451 - 540 - overweight 416 - 450 - overweight 416 - 450 - overweight 401 - 415 - good fatness 401 - 415 - good fatness 400 - Best fatness for men 400 - Best fatness for men 390 - Best fatness for women 390 - Best fatness for women 360 - 389 - average fatness 360 - 389 - average fatness 320 - 359 - Bad fatness 320 - 359 - Bad fatness 300 - 319 - very bad fatness 300 - 319 - very bad fatness 200 - 299 - exhaustion200 - 299 - exhaustion