Sectionalism

1819-1861

GPERSIA

1. Abolition

• The militant effort to do away with slavery. It had its roots in the North in the 1700s. Congress became a battleground between pro and anti-slavery forces from the 1830's to the Civil War.

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2. Sectionalism

• A political philosophy, prominent in the United States in the decades before the Civil War that favored the needs and outlook of one's section of the country over the needs and outlook of the country as a whole

• North/ South divide

3. Underground Railroad

• Informal but well-organized network of abolitionists that helped thousands of enslaved persons flee north.

• “Conductors” transported runaways in secret, gave them food and shelter along the way, and saw them to freedom in Northern states.

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4. Harriet Tubman

• A former escaped slave, she was one of the shrewdest conductors of the underground railroad, leading 300 slaves to freedom.

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5. William Lloyd Garrison

• A militant abolitionist, he became editor of, The Liberator, in 1831. The Liberator gained national fame and notoriety due to his quotable and inflammatory language, attacking everything from slave holders to moderate abolitionists, and advocating northern secession.

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6. Frederick Douglas

• A self-educated slave who escaped in 1838, Douglas became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited an anti-slavery weekly, the North Star.

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7. Daniel Webster

• Northern senator (MA)

• Valued national unity above sectionalism.

• Supported the Compromise of 1850.

• Willing to uphold slavery in the south to preserve the union.

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8. Manifest Destiny

• Stood for the ideas that the US was destined to own most or all of North America.

• Rally cry of expansionists

• Would come at the expense of Indians and Mexicans

• Slave owners supportedThis image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright

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9. John C. Calhoun

• Southern senator (SC)

• Avid supporter of states’ rights

• Did not support the Compromise of 1850.

• “If the north doesn’t agree to protect the rights and interests of the South, then secession is inevitable.

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10. Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Compromise sponsored by Henry Clay to preserve the balance of free and slave states in the senate.

• Maine enters the union as a free state.

• Missouri enters the union as a slave state.

• Slavery will be prohibited in the Louisiana Territory north of 36/ 30 line except for MO.

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11. Popular Sovereignty

• Policy that allowed the residents of territories to decide whether to enter the union as a free or slave state.

• Appealed to many lawmakers because it removed the slavery issue from national politics

• It appeared democratic since the settlers themselves would make the decision.

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12. Compromise of 1850• Created to solve the

problem of admitting territories gained in the Mexican-American War to the union.

• Proposed by Henry Clay

• California would enter as a free state

• Popular sovereignty in Utah and NM

• New, stricter Fugitive Slave Law

• Slave trade, but not slavery is abolished in Washington, D.C. This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because

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13. Fugitive Slave Laws

• A slaveholder or slave catcher only had to point out alleged runaways to have them taken into custody where they would then be brought in front of a federal commissioner.

• Required ALL citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves.

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14. Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Overturned the Missouri Compromise

• Proposed by Stephen Douglas, the bill would create two states in the Nebraska Territory, Kansas and Nebraska.

• Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide the slavery issue.

• Led to bloody Kansas

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15. Bleeding Kansas

• Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, pro-slavery forces from Missouri, known as the Border Ruffians, crossed the border into Kansas and terrorized and murdered antislavery settlers.

• Antislavery sympathizers from Kansas carried out reprisal attacks, the most notorious of which was John Brown's 1856 attack on the settlement at Pottawatomie Creek.

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16. Dred Scott V. Sanford

• Dred Scott was a MO slave who had been taken north to work in a free territory for a few years.

• After returning to MO, Scott sued for his freedom, arguing that living in free territory made him a free man.

• The Supreme Court ruled against Scott, stating that living in free territory did not change his status as a slave, and that the fifth amendment to the constitution protected slaveholders from being deprived of their property.

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17. Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• A series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the 1858 Illinois senate election.

• Douglas won the election, but Lincoln made clear the principles of the Republican Party, and earned a national reputation.

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18. John Brown’s Raid

• John Browns plan to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia and incite a slave rebellion.

• Northerners viewed Brown as a martyr, and abolitionist feelings were strengthened, while Southerners viewed the raid as proof that Northerners were planning violence against the South.

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19. Election of 1860

• Republican - Abraham Lincoln.

• Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas & John C. Breckenridge.

• Constitutional Union - John Bell.

• Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states).

• Lincoln wins

PD (published in U.S. prior to 1923)

20. Uncle Tom’s Cabin/ Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Book about the moral wrongs of slavery that aroused passionate anti-slavery sentiment in the North.

• Written by Stowe based on her exposure to runaway slaves and reports she heard of the victims of the Fugitive Slave Law.

• Southerners were enraged at the book…it was banned in most of the south.

This media file is in the public domain in the United States. This

applies to U.S. works where the copyright has expired, often

because its first publication occurred prior to January 1, 1923.