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Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Transport Sector Emissions in Brazil A Brief Overview
Berlin, Germany – September 27-28, 2012
Turning the Right CornerTowards a Low-Emission Transport Sector
Eng. Francisco Luiz Baptista da CostaDirector of Planning
Ministry of Transport – Brazil
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Summary
• Basic Information
• Vehicle Emissions
• Regional & National Transport
• Urban Transport
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Summary
• Basic Information
• Vehicle Emissions
• Regional & National Transport
• Urban Transport
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
• Basic Information
• Transport sector in Brazil has a lower carbon intensity compared to that of other countries because of the widespread use of ethanol as a fuel for vehicles.
• In 2008, the Transport sector emissions were about 149 Mt CO2e, representing 12 percent of national emissions.
• Urban Transport accounts for about 51 percent of direct sector emissions in 2008.
Source: Brazil Low-carbon Country Case Study – World Bank, 2010
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Power Generation Matrix – Brazil and the World (%)100%
6
20 20
15
1216
1
38 41
5 4 2
3 43
23
3
85
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
BRAZIL 2007 OECD2006 WORLD
Other
Coal
Hydraulic
Nuclear
Gas
Petroleum
483 TWh - 89% 18,930 TWh - 18% % renewable10,460 TWh - 16%Source: MME
The Brazilian power generation matrix is clean, based on hydro-electric plants. It is required to make this feature compatible with navigation needs
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Energy Matrix in Brazil is markedly renewable
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Summary
• Basic Information
• Vehicle Emissions
• Regional & National Transport
• Urban Transport
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
PROALCOOL
1975 – PROALCOOL (National Program for Alcohol)• To substitute gasoline for ethanol in automobiles
1977 – 4.5% ethanol in gasoline (lead free)
1979 – 15% ethanol in gasoline
1979 – First Brazilian car powered by ethanol only
1985 – 22% ethanol in gasoline92% of cars sold are ethanol powered
1993 – 25% ethanol in gasoline
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
PROALCOOL (cont’d)
2003 – First Brazilian car flex-fuel (ethanol – gasoline in any proportion)
2012 – 100% of cars made in Brazil are flex-fuel
2005 – National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel
2005-2008 – 2% biodiesel in standard diesel
2009-2010 – 4% biodiesel in standard diesel
2010-now – 5% biodiesel in standard diesel
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
PROCONVE
1986 – Program establishing parameters for vehicle emissions
Phase L – “light” vehicles (< 2.7 tons)L 1 – 1988 to 1991
L 2 – 1992 to 1996L 3 – 1997 to 2004L 4 – 2005 to 2008L 5 – 2009 to 2013
Phase P – “heavy” vehicles (> 2.7 tons)P 1 & P 2 – 1990 to 1993P 3 – 1994 to 1997P 4 – 1998 to 2002P 5 – 2003 to 2008P 6 – 2009 to 2011 (cancelled due to lack of diesel S 500 and S 50)P 7 – 2012 to 2016
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Summary
• Basic Information
• Vehicle Emissions
• Regional & National Transport
• Urban Transport
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Logistic Infrastructure
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Road Network
JURISDICTION PAVED NON PAVED TOTAL
FEDERAL 60,469 13,604 74,073
STATE 122,889 119,429 242,318
MUNICIPAL 24,104 1,256,188 1,280,292
TOTAL NATIONAL 207,462 1,389,221 1,596,683
In km
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Rail Network
National Rail Network 29,817
km
Federal Rail Network under Concession 28,314
km
12 concessions operated by 5 private groups
and 2 state-owned companies
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
National Ports
50 public ports in Brazil – sea and river
26 Federal Port Companies and National Department for
Transport Infrastructure (DNIT)
23 States and Municipalities
1 private sector
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
28,000 km of inland waterways
Potential utilization of over 15,000 km of new waterwaysTransport of over 25 million tons / year
Agricultural and mineral products, alcohol, construction material (sand,
gravel), fertilizers
Main Inland Waterways under operationParaná – Tietê 1,660 kmAmazonas - Madeira 4,164 kmTapajós 1,046 kmCapim 372 kmTocantins – Araguaia 3,040 km *São Francisco 1,371 kmParaguai 1,323 kmJacuí - Taquari and Lagoa dos Patos 670 kmTOTAL 13.646 km
Inland Waterways
* Usable conditions
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
* Not necessarily continuous stretches.
Inland Waterways system
BASIN STATESAPROXIMATED EXTENSIONS (km)
MAIN RIVERSNAVIGABLE POTENTIAL TOTAL*
AMAZÔNICA AM, PA, AC, RO, RR, e AP 18,300 723.5 19,023
Amazonas, Solimões, Negro, Branco, Madeira, Purus, Juruá, Tapajós, Teles Pires, Juruena, Mamoré, e Guaporé
NORDESTE MA e PI 1,740 2,975 4,715 Mearim, Pindaré, Itapecuru, Parnaíba e Balsas
TOCANTINS/ARAGUAIA TO, MA e GO 2,200 1,300 3,500 Tocantins, Araguaiae Mortes
SÃO FRANCISCO MG, BA, PE e SE 1,400 2,700 4,100 São Francisco, Grande e Corrente
LESTE MG, ES e RJ - 1,094 1,094 Doce, Paraíba do Sul e Jequitinhonha
TIETÊ/PARANÁ SP, PR e SC 1,900 2,900 4,800 Paraná, Tietê, Paranaíba, Grande, Ivaí e Ivinheima
PARAGUAI MT, MS e PR 1,280 1,815 3,095 Paraguai, Cuiabá, Miranda, São Lourenço, Taquari e Iaurú
SUL RS 600 700 1,300 Jacuí, Taquarí,Lagoa dos Patos e Lagoa Mirim
URUGUAI RS e SC - 1,200 1,200 Uruguai e Ibicuí
TOTAL 27,420 15,407.5 42,827.5
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Transport Planning
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
The transport matrix is unbalanced considering the size of Brazil
58%25%
13%
4%Road
Rail
Water
Pipe/Air
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
which is proved as compared with similar-size countries.
81%
46%
43%
37%
25%
Russia
Canada
Australia
USA
China
Brazil
8% 11%
43%
53% 4%
11%
43% 32% 25%
50% 13%
58% 17%
Rail Road Water; others
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
To organize such scenario and recover the transport sector, the Ministry of Transport has developed the National Plan for Logistics and Transportation (PNLT)
An instrument for strategic organization with an integrated view on the territory and development.
Transport as an agent to induce and facilitate development.
A more balanced Brazilian transport matrix with a significant participation of rail and water modes, which are more efficient in terms of economy and energy consumption.
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
PNLT uses advanced planning techniques, studying the 80 most important products of the Brazilian economy, accounting for 90% of the GDP
MacroeconomicForecasting Tools
EFES (*) ModelFIPE/FEA/USP
Multimodal TransportSimulation Models
558 homogeneous microrregions
Institutional Products Investment Portfolio
(**) Presently, the analysis is expanded to 110 products, including general cargo
(*) EFES-Economic Forecasting Equilibrium System (160,000 equations, 600,000 variables)
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
P o r t o % d o t o t a lP a r a n a g u á 3 2 . 1 7S a n t o s 3 2 . 1 5R io G r a n d e 1 1 . 6 8V i t ó r i a 9 . 8 0S ã o F r a n c i s c o d o S u l 5 . 1 8M a n a u s 5 . 0 9S ã o L u í s 3 . 9 3T o t a l = U S $ F O B 2 . 9 9 0 m i lh õ e s
Main domestic transactions
Export
Each product was
studied in terms of
production,
demand, domestic
and export flows
Production Demand
Example
Soy beans
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Consolidation of a new Brazilian rail network (Law 11772/2008) with the implementation of 11,800 km of new rail lines, with 10,700 km of large-gauge tracks.
New railways will serve areas of agricultural & mineral new frontiers.
This new basic railway system prepares the Country for a new economic growth cycle to meet the domestic demand increase and integration with exporting ports.
Gradual transfer of general cargo from roads to railways, inland waterways, and coastal shipping.
PNLT indicates ways to change the transport matrix
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Fonte: Ministério da Agricultura
AgricultureFrontier
Região do Cerrado
RR AP
AMPA
AC ROMT TO
MACE RN
PBPE
ALSE
PI
BA
GODF
MG ES
RJSP
MS
PR
SC
RS
Total area: 204.000.000 ha
Arable area: 127.000.000 ha
Grown pastures: 49.000.000 ha
Anual cultures: 10.000.000 ha
Perennial and forests: 2.000.000 ha
Potential areas: 127.000.000 ha
Ocupied areas: 61.000.000 ha
Agriculture frontier: 66.000.000 haTypical vegetation of interior of Brazil
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Projects for Railways Expansion in Brazil
EF - 151 (Ferrovia Norte-Sul)Panorama/SP - Rio Grande/RS (1.600 km)
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Transport Matrix - Present and Future
Source: PNLT Processing, considering energy consumption
58
25
13
3.6
0.4
30
35
29
5
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2015 2020 2025
Road
Rail
Water
Pipe
Air
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
254
831
4.617
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
Hidro Ferro Rodo
NOx (g/1.000 tku)
2034
116
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Hidro Ferro Rodo
CO2 (kg/1.000 tku)5,00
0,75
0,17
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
Hidro Ferro Rodo
CONSUMO DE COMBUSTÍVEL: Litros / 1.000 tku
Fonte: Ministério dos Transportes - 1997
510
96
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hidro Ferro Rodo
EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA: Carga / Potência (t / HP) EMISSÃO DE POLUENTES:
Fonte: DOT/ Maritime Administration e TCL
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Benefits from the Transport Matrix change 2005 to 2023/2031
(Transport production from 851 to 1,510 bi TKU)
38% of energy efficiency increase
41% of fuel consumption reduction
32% of CO2 emission reduction
39% of NOx emission reduction
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Long distance passengers transport
•Bus transportation volumes stabilized in the last decade.
•Air transportation increasing double-digit / year.
•For the heavy passenger corridors in the Southeast: implementing a high speed train network.
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
High Speed Train Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo - Campinas
• Rio - São Paulo 450 km in 93 min
• São Paulo - Campinas 100 km in 30 min
• The most populous (36 millions inhabitants) and economically developed region (45% of GDP) in Brazil
• Estimated cost: US$ 20 billions
• Public & private sector financing
• Operation expected to begin in 2018
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Future High Speed Train Lines
• Segments already included in the Railway Law nº 11,772/2008, to be studied in the future
• Campinas/SP – Belo Horizonte/MG: 530 km • São Paulo/SP – Curitiba/PR: 410 km• Campinas/SP – Triângulo Mineiro: 540 km
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Summary
• Basic Information
• Vehicle Emissions
• Regional & National Transport
• Urban Transport
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
3 Major Events
2014 – Soccer World CupUrban mobility projects in 12 large cities
2016 – Olympic Games
Urban mobility projects in Rio de Janeiro
Law nº 12.587, January 3rd, 2012: National Policy for Urban Mobility – PNMU
• Local mobility plans mandatory for cities larger than 20,000 inhabitants
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Main projects to be implemented until 2020(not restricted to those 12 World Cup cities)
• Expansion of infrastructure for public transport• BRT – 326 km• Bus corridors – 285 km• VLT – 57 km• Subway – 165 km• Urban trains – 71 km• Monorail – 63 km• Bikeways implementation
• Bikeways – 330 km
• Green buses (biodiesel, electric)
Secretariat for National Transportation Policy
Thank you!
www.transportes.gov.br