By: Maryam Nabihah binti Hajah

MustafaAzila Ariffin

Parkinson’s Disease

second most common neurodegenerative disorder

progressive loss of muscle controltrembling of the limbs and head while at

rest stiffness, slowness, and impaired balance. may become difficult to walk, talk, and

complete simple tasks.

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

• degenerative disorder of the CNS

• Substantia Nigra (SN) controls movement

• Cells die in SN (pars compacta) stops producing Dopamine

• Loss in muscle control

• Thalamus and Globus Palidus Interna became overly active

What causes PD?

Tremor at restBradykinesiaImpaired balance and coordinationMuscle rigidityStooped postureExpressionless faceDecreased sense of smell

Primary Symptoms

Autonomic Impairment• Constipation

• Urinary problems• Orthostatic

hypotension• Dysphagia• Excessive

salivation• Pains

Motor complications

• Dyskinesia• No

response• Dystonia

Problems with advancing Parkinson’s Disease

1. Idiopathic 2. Acquired3. Hereditary parkinsonism4. Parkinson plus syndrome

Classifications

Drug treatment (levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors)

Therapy (occupational, speech and language, physiotherapy)

Surgery- Deep brain stimulation

Treatment

Lewy Body Dementia

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Shy-Drager Syndrome

Other Related Diseases

Lloyd Tan Parkinson’s Trust FundMalaysian’s Parkinson’s Disease AssociationWorld Parkinson’s Disease day

BackgroundGenderAge

Parkinson In Malaysia

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21448542

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1831191-overview

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_disease#cite_note-Jankovic2008-0

http://www.pdmdcenter.com/articles/HopkinsWeb/index.html

http://www.lloydtan-trust.com/http://

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/parkinsonsdisease.html#cat57

http://parkinsons-disease.emedtv.com/parkinson's-disease/natural-cure-for-parkinson's-disease.html

Sources