Second Meeting- Social factors and social dimensions- Language variety and language choice

Social Factors The participants: - who is speaking?

- who are they speaking to?

The setting or social context of the interaction

(where and when are they speaking + what kind of

physical interaction they have)

The topic : what is being talked about?

The function: why are they speaking?

Social Dimensions A social distance scale concerned with participants

relationships. (how close their relationship, intimate/distant)

A status scale concerned with partisipants relationships.

(superior – subordinate)

A formality scale relating to the setting or type of interaction.

(at school, in an interview: high and low formality)

Two functional scales relating to the purposes or topic of

interaction.

Domains of Language Use Domain is the field of activity

Ranah bahasa

A domain involves typical interactions between

typical participants in typical settings. (Joshua

Fishman)

It refers to who you are talking to, the social context

of the talk, the function and topic of the discussion.

Linguistic Repertoire Language repertoire = khazanah bahasa.

Range of languages or varieties of language

available for use by a speaker, each of which

enables him to perform a particular social

role. It also refers to the range of linguistic

varieties within a speech community. ( in

terms of language, style, speech level)

Examples of repertoire In monolingual javanese: ngoko, madya, kromo

e.g:

Panjenengan dipun aturi mundhutaken tas.

Sampeyan dipun purih numbasaken tas.

Sliramu diutus numbasake tas

Kowe di kongkon nukokke tas

Awakmu di kongkon nukokno tas

In Multilingual Community e. g: in Surabaya

Mengapa anda datang terlambat?

Mengapa kamu datang telat?

Kamu kok telat sih?

Why are you late?

Pourquoi vous êtes fin?

Warum bist du spät?

Language Community Diglosia X bilingual

(speech community) (individual)

e.g:

Mrs. Foo is a bilingual since she speaks

singaporean english and chinese but the

singaporean chinese are diglosic

Diglosia 1. Two distinct varieties of the same language are used in

community with one regarded as high variety and other low

variety

2. H & L complement each other.

3. No one uses the H variety in everyday conversation.

- In monolingual : Indonesian standard and non standard.

- In multilingual : English and French

Polyglosia The term polyglosia is used for situation

where a community regularly uses more

than two languages

The term is used for situation where more

than two distinct codes or varieties are used

for clearly distinct purposes or in clearly

distinguishable situation.

e.g : of polyglosia In monolingual community: Javanese three

(which actually can be devided further into

nine) distinct varieties of ngoko,

madya,kromo

In multilingual community: STIBA’s students

speak javanese, indonesian, english,etc.