sEcnoN Qu•z Origins of the Cold War - Wikispaces18... · This defensive military alliance was the first military alliance that the United States ever ... did defense spending reach

Name Date _______ _

~ sEcnoN Qu•z Origins of the Cold War Section 1

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term or name that matches the description. A term or name may be used more than once or not at all.

a. NATO d. containment g. United Nations j. Truman Doctrine b. Cold War e. Marshall Plan h. satellite nations c. Berlin airlift f. Joseph Stalin i. Harry S. Truman

1. This group consisted of Eastern European nations that were dominated by the Soviet Union.

2. This action provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.

3. Both the United States and the Soviet Union joined this organization after World War II.

4. He arranged for about 400 rp.illion dollars in aid to be sent to postwar Turkey and Greece.

5. This defensive military alliance was the first military alliance that the United States ever entered during peacetime.

6. This aid program was directed "not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos."

7. This term refers to the indirect but hostile conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union that began at the end of World War II.

8. He believed that the best way to avoid a third world war was to create a new world order in which all nations had the right of selfdetermination.

B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper.

Compare the postwar Europe envisioned by Truman with that envisioned by Stalin. How do you account for the differences between these two visions?

338 Unit 5, Chapter 18

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~ secr1oN Quiz Two Nations Live on the Edge Section 4

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term or name that matches the description. A term or name may be used more than once or not at all.

a. CIA e. Warsaw Pact i. Eisenhower Doctrine b. H-bomb f. Nikita Khrushchev j. Francis Gary Powers c. U -2 incident g. John Foster Dulles d. brinkmanship h. Dwight D. Eisenhower

1. He led the nation that developed the first hydrogen bomb.

2. The satellite nations of the Soviet Union were members of this military alliance.

3. This event led Khrushchev to call off a summit conference he and Eisenhower were going to hold.

4. This policy was intended to defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.

5. This group's covert actions helped to topple governments in Iran and Guatemala.

6. He told an aide, "If one of these [U-2's] were lost when we were engaged in apparently sincere deliberations, it could ... ruin my effectiveness."

7. As Secretary of State, he proposed that the United States declare its intention to use massive retaliation against any aggression.

8. This U.S. policy required greater dependence on nuclear weapons and the airplanes that delivered them.

9. This was intended to counterbalance the Soviet Union's growing prestige in the Middle East.

___ 10. This U -2 pilot was convicted of espionage after his plane was shot down and he was forced to parachute into Soviet-controlled territory.

B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper.

How effective do you think U.S. efforts to win the Cold War were during the late 1940s and the 1950s? Support your opinion.

Cold War Conflicts 341

Name Date ---------

·<!' cHAPTER TEsT Cold War Conflicts Form A

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the best answer. ( 4 points each)

1. The main goal of the _ was to stop the spread of communism. a. Truman Doctrine c. iron curtain b. Marshall Plan d. Warsaw Pact

2. The Soviet Union set up the_ in response to efforts from the West to reunify Germany.

a. iron curtain c. Berlin blockade b. Berlin airlift d. German Democratic Republic

3. _ is best known for investigating communism in the film industry. a. The CIA c. HUAC b. The UN d. NATO

4. The _ were defeated in the civil war in China despite 2 billion dollars in aid sent to them from the United States.

a. Nationalists c. Soviets b. Communists d. peasants

5. _was the leader of the Communists in China. a. Chiang Kai-shek c. Syngman Rhee b. Mao Zedong d. Kim Il Sung

6. General Douglas MacArthur commanded U.S. forces in_. a. Guatemala c. the Middle East b. Hungary d. Korea

7. The _ appeared to be winning the Korean War until China actively entered the conflict.

a. Communists c. South Koreans b. Nationalists d. North Koreans

8. The United States responded to fear of Soviet military action in the Middle East by issuing the _.

a. Marshall Plan c. Warsaw Pact b. Truman Doctrine d. Eisenhower Doctrine

9. To label someone's activities as _would be to sugge§t that the person is making unsupported accusations.

a. brinkmanship c. McCarthyism b. containment d. infiltration


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___ 10. When the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb, the United States responded by intensif)ring efforts to develop _.

a. NATO c. a space satellite b. an atomic bomb d. a hydrogen bomb

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. ( 4 points each)

___ 11. Which country was the northernmost NATO member in 1955? a. Sweden c. Great Britain b. Norway d. Greece

____ 12, Which Warsaw Pact country was isolated from other Warsaw Pact countries?

a. Portugal c. Albania b. Ireland d. Norway

___ 13. Which body of water was not bordered by a nonaligned country? a. Baltic Sea c. Mediterranean Sea · b. Atlantic Ocean d. Black Sea

___ 14. How many countries shown on the map belonged to the Warsaw Pact?

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ATLANTIC OCEAN

c. eight d. nine

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Test Form A continued


Name ----------------------------------

___ 15. Which three NATO countries border Warsaw Pact countries? a. Turkey, Greece, Denmark b. Turkey, Greece, West Germany c: Greece, Italy, Denmark · d. Greece, Turkey, Italy

Part 3: Interpreting Graphs

Use the graph on page 345 to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

____ 16. During which year shown on the graph did defense spending reach its highest percentage of the total U.S. budget?

a. 1945 b. 1950 c. 1955 d. 1965

_____ 17. During which year did human resources account for its lowest per-centage of the budget? ·

a. 1945 b. 1950 c. 1955 d. 1965

____ 18. Approximately what percentage was spent on human resources in 1965?

a. 10% b.15% c. 30% d.40%

____ 19. During which of the following years was the gap between defense spending and "other functions" spending the narrowest?

a. 1945 b. 1950 c. 1955 d. 1965

____ 20. During which year did the government spend about as much on human resources as it did on defense?

a. 1945 b. 1948 c. 1950 d. 1962


Test Form A continued

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Percentage of U.S. Budget Spent in Three Areas, 1945-1965

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Part 4: Extended Response

1950 1955

Year

1960

Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

21. The United States met many goals during the Cold War. Name one of these, and explain why the United States felt that this goal was important. Think About:

• the goals of the Truman Doctrine • U.S. and Soviet actions that contributed to the Cold War • Soviet and U.S. military capabilities

22. Explain how the fear of communism affected American life during the early years of the Cold War. Think About:

• blacklisting and HUAC • McCarthyism

1965


Name -------------------------------------------------- Date --------------

0 cHAPTER TEsT Cold War Conflicts Form B

Part 1: Main Ideas

If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. ( 4 points each)

Example: The first president of the United States was George Washington.

true

Example: President John F. Kennedy resigned from office following the

'Watergate scandal. -~R.~ich~ar~d~N~ix:.:!!o:!!.n ___________ _

1. Billions of dollars in economic aid was provided to many foreign nations as

part of the Truman Doctrine.

2. The policy of brinkmanship threatened retaliation to the edge of all-out war

against acts of aggression toward the United States.

3. Francis Gary Powers was convicted of perjury after being accused of spying for

the Soviet Union.

4. Satellite nations of the Soviet Union joined the military alliance known as the

Warsaw Pact.

5. President Truman fired General MacArthur because of MacArthur's insistence

that the United States should blockade and bomb North Korea.

6. China's Communist leader Mao Zedong used strategic tactics to lure Chinese

peasants to the Communist Red Army.

7. In general, McCarthyism is the unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty

without providing evidence.

8. The U -2 incident involved the use of airplanes to bring food and supplies to

the people of West Berlin.


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9. Troops from South Korea first crossed the 38th parallel and began the

Korean War.

10. After Stalin's death, several leaders shared power in the Soviet Union until Nikita

Khrushchev claimed leadership for himself.

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each)

41\r

ATLANTIC OCEAN

___ 11. What is the westernmost country shown on this map that was allied with the United States during the Cold War?

a. Portugal c. Turkey b. Ireland d. Great Britain

___ 12. What geographical fact explains why an airlift was necessary to over-come the Soviet blockade of West Berlin?

a. Berlin's location on the coast of the Baltic Sea b. Berlin's being surrounded by nonaligned nations c. Berlin's location in the center of East Germany d. Berlin's location within the Soviet Union's borders

___ 13. Which nonaligned nation was located on the Baltic Sea? a. Bulgaria c. Romania b. Greece d. Sweden

Test Forrn B continued


Name

___ 14. Which Warsaw Pact country did not benefit from sharing a border with other Warsaw Pact countries?

a. East Germany c. Bulgaria b. Albania d. Austria

___ 15. Based on its geographic location, why might the Soviet Union have once wanted to control parts of Turkey?

a. Turkey shared a border with Albania.

Test Form B continued

b. Turkey had access to Soviet ports on the Black Sea from the Mediterranean Sea. c. Turkey had access to Soviet ports on the Black Sea from the North. d. Turkey had access to the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean.

Use the map on page 347 to answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (5 points each)

16. Name four Warsaw Pact countries that border NATO countries.

17. What trend does the map illustrate in the location of most Warsaw Pact countries and their proximity to the Soviet Union?


Use the graph on page 349 to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each)

___ 18. During which year was the gap between defense spending and human resources spending the narrowest?

a. 1945 c. 1955 b. 1950 d. 1965

___ 19. Which category shows a steady increase in spending in the early 1960s?

a. defense c. human resources b. other functions d. both human resources and other functions

___ 20. How is the end of World War II reflected in the graph? a. Human resources spending stabilized. b. Defense spending decreased. c. Spending on science and technology decreased. d. Defense spending increased.

___ 21. Which of these statements is supported by the graph? a. When defense spending increases, spending in the other categories tends to decrease. b. When human resource spending increases, spending in the "other functions"

category decreases. c. From 1945 to 1965, the government consistently spent the least amount of money

in the "other functions" category. d. When defense spending increases, so does human resources spending.

348 Units; Chapter 18

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100% - National Defense ..... Q) Cl

90% Human Resources (including education, health, Social Security) ········ Other Functions (including science, space, technology, agriculture)

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10% "' c'/:r·············· ... ····-,· ........ :.:.:: ..... -······ ····························· ······························ ... . 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965

Year

___ 22. How is the Korean War (1950-1953) reflected in the graph? a. Defense spending climbs sharply in 1951 and then stays at the same level. b. Defense spending fluctuates wildly during the war years. c. Defense spending climbs sharply in 1951 and declines in 1955. d. Defense spending stays on the course it has followed since the start of the Cold War.

Use the graph to answer the following questions in complete sentences on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (5 points each)

23. Which spending categories tend to follow the same trend?

24. Between what years did human resources spending increase most significantly? What might explain this sharp increase?


Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points .. each)

25. Douglas MacArthur had a great impact on American history. Write about his strengths and weaknesses as a general and as a political figure. Think About:

• qualities that make an army general successful • MacArthur's tactics in the Korean War and their results • MacArthur's views on how to deal with China • why President Truman fired MacArthur

26. Compare and contrast the Soviet leaders Joseph Stalin and Nikita Krushchev and explain how the Cold War changed under Krushchev. Think About:

• ideas about communism • each man's plans to spread communism around the world


Name Date -----.,..----

0 cHAPTER TEsT Cold War Conflicts Form C

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

1. In a capitalist system, a. the state controls economic activity. b. private citizens control economic activity. c. elected officials control economic activity. d. the dictator controls economic activity.

2. The main goal of the Truman Doctrine was to a. promote free elections in Europe. c. force Germany to pay war reparations. b. restrict the spread of communism. d. maintain international peace through the UN.

3. The Soviet blockade of West Berlin was a response to a. the Marshall Plan. c. efforts by Western nations to divide Germany. b. the formation of NATO. d. efforts by Western nations to reunify Germany.

4. Between 1944 and 1947, Chinese Nationalists a. relied heavily on financial aid from the Soviet Union. b. ruled in the southern and eastern regions of China. c. attracted overwhelming support from the nation's peasants. d. were led by Mao Zedong.

5. The Soviet Union did not vote to defend South Korea at the UN Security Council because

a. the Soviets were boycotting the UN over the presence of Taiwan. b. the Soviets were boycotting the UN over the presence of Chinese Communists. c. the Soviets had already sent military aid to South Korea. d. the Soviets had wanted to remain neutral at the time.

6. When an armistice was signed ending the Korean War, a. North and South Korea were still divided along the 38th parallel. b. a communist government was established in South Korea. c. communist fears in the United States were lifted. d. China gained control of the entire peninsula.

7. After the U-2 incident, all of the following events occurred except a. the Soviet Union rejected Eisenhower's "open skies" proposal at Geneva. b. Khrushchev called off a summit conference on the arms race. c. Khrushchev withdrew his invitation for Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union. d. Francis Gary Powers was released from prison after 18 months.


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8. Accusations that communism was widely present in the U.S. government and military were made by

a. Douglas MacArthur. c. John Foster Dulles. b. Joseph McCarthy. d. Alger Hiss.

9. American interest in developing a hydrogen bomb intensified when a. the policy of containment failed in China. b. the Soviet Union launched a space satellite. c. the Soviet Union exploded an atomic bomb. d. the Soviet Union exploded a hydrogen bomb.

___ 10. The Eisenhower Doctrine was a warning to the Soviet Union against military intervention in

a. Latin America. c. Western Europe. b. Eastern Europe. d. the Middle East.

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to answer the following questions in complete sentences. (4 points each)

11. Locate Berlin on the map. Why was the Soviet Union able to cut off highway and rail traffic into West Berlin?

Test Form C continued


Name --------------------------~------

12. Where are most of the Warsaw Pact nations located? Why do you think the Soviet Union wanted to control these countries?

13. Considering its geographical location, why might Turkey have been an important addition to NATO?

14. In July 1955, Geneva, S,witzerland, hosted a meeting between the United States and the Soviet Union. Study the map and explain why Switzerland was a good location for such a meeting.

15. Geographically speaking, which of the nonaligned nations might have been a powerful addition to the, Warsaw Pact? Explain your clioice.


Use your knowledge from the chapter and the graph on page 353 to answer the following questions in complete sentences. (4 points each)

16. Approximately what percentage of the U.S. budget was spent on defense in 1945? How do you explain this statistic?

17. How is U.S. involvement in the Korean War reflected in the graph?

18. Describe the changes in defense spending between 1945 and 1950. What major event explains these changes?


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1945 1950 1955

Year

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19. How does the graph indicate some of the less obvious ways a war might affect people on the home front?

20. Nikita Khrushchev came to power in the Soviet Union around 1955. Explain how U.S. budget spending reflects this fact and why.


Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

21. Choose one example of U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War and describe what you think might have occurred if the United States had acted differently. Think About:

• civil war in China • Korean War • CIA actions in the Middle East and Latin America

22. How do Americans' fears about the world situation today compare with their fears during the 1950s? Considering only this type of fear, explain which period you would prefer to live in. Think About:

• ideas about communism and terrorism • relations with foreign countries • defense strategies and weapon technology

1965


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sEcnoN Qu•z Origins of the Cold War - Wikispaces18... · This defensive military alliance was the first military alliance that the United States ever ... did defense spending reach