SEATTLE CITY LIGHT DISTRIBUTION

AUTOMATION Ryan Pham

Project manager

01/27/2016

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AGENDA

1. Distribution automation background

2. Seattle City Light pilot project

3. System performance – windstorm 08/29/15

4. Lessons learned

| 3 | 3

FAULT LOCATION, ISOLATION AND SERVICE

RESTORATION (FLISR) SYSTEM

• Self-healing grid

• Distribution Automaton

| 4 | 4

RESTORATION TIME LINE WITH AND WITHOUT DA

00:00

00:00 00:50 04:50FAULTOCCURS

Fault LocatedFeeder Back

To Normal

FAULTOCCURS

Without DA

With DA

00:00 - 00:30

00:00 - 00:05

15-30 minutesCrews Travel Time

00:00 - 00:30

15-30 minutes

Travel Time

00:30 - 00:5110-15 minutes Patrol Time

00:30 - 01:01

01:01 - 02:01

02:01 - 06:0115-30 minutes

Fault Investigation& Patrol Time

00:51 - 04:49

Repair Time1-4 hours

Repair Time

01:01Fault Located 02:02POWER

RESTORED TO CUSTOMERS ON

HEALTHY SECTIONS

OF FEEDER

1-4 hours

Repair Time

06:02Feeder Back

To Normal

00:05POWER RESTORED TO

CUSTOMERS ON HEALTHY SECTIONS

OF FEEDER

<5 minutes

20-60 minutesTime to Perform Manual Switching

Power restored to 40%-80% customers in 50-120 minutesPower restored remaining customers in 1-4hours later

Power restored to 50%-90% customers within 5 minutes(Seattle City Light scheme: within 30 seconds)

Power restored to remaining customers in 30-75 minutes earlier than non-DA feeders.

| 5 | 5

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Event: System Normal

| 6 | 6

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Time : 0 Seconds Event: Fault appear-

FDR BKR Trip

| 7 | 7

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Time : 4 Seconds Event: FDR BKR

Reclose Attempt #1

Fault Still

Present

| 8 | 8

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Time : 4 Seconds Event: FDR BKR Trip

| 9 | 9

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Time : 19 Seconds Event: FDR BKR

Reclose Attempt #2

Fault Still

Present

| 10 | 10

Time : 19 Seconds Event: FDR BKR Trip

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

| 11 | 11

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Time : 25 Seconds Event: SW 52 Trip

Fault Isolated

| 12 | 12

1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

SW 52 SW 1189 SW 1751 SW 2303 SW 487

SW 597 SW 1092 SW 936

SW 2297 SW 1583 SW 1814 SW 536 SW 1685

1

SW 607

Shoreline Substation

Feeder

Breaker

2705

Feeder

Breaker

2703

Time : 30 Seconds Event: Close tie SW,

restore power

Close tie switch

| 13 | 13

DA- TWO BIG QUESTIONS:

• DA Intelligence Style

• Communication option

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CENTRALIZED VS SUBSTATION CENTERED VS

DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE - 1

• Centralized intelligence

o Distribution Management System (DMS) serves as the “brain” of the

DA system

o Full system view for restoration, optimize the restoration in the

large scale.

o Integrate with other system and applications.

o Cons:

• Longest deployment time

• Integration with DMS, fine-tuning, are time-consuming

• Expensive

• Slowest restoration times

• A point-to-multi-point system can be overwhelmed.

| 15 | 15

CENTRALIZED VS SUBSTATION CENTERED VS

DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE - 2

• Substation centered intelligence

o Use main logic controls at the distribution substations

o Pros and Cons are somewhere between Centralized and Distributed

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CENTRALIZED VS SUBSTATION CENTERED VS

DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENCE - 3

• Distributed intelligence

o Peer-to-Peer Devices

o Fastest restoration

o Fastest to deploy

o Able to be deployed with or without DMS or GIS.

o Cons:

• Less efficient in large scale restoration optimization

| 17 | 17

COMMUNICATION

•Main Criteria:

oCapacity & latency

oReliability

oCost

oSecurity

oTraffic types & networking standards

oReputation

oCoverage

oOther Smart Grids usage

| 18 | 18

COMMUNICATION OPTIONS FOR DA

• Fiber

oWide bandwidth, fast, secure, reliable, well-

established technology, lot of rooms for future

growth, applications and for other Smart grid

projects

o Expensive

• Radio

oLeast expensive

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DA PILOT SYSTEM OVERVIEW

• Deployed on two feeders out of Shoreline substation: 2703 and

2705 at Shoreline & Lake Forest Park

• Utilizing distributed intelligence

• S&C ScadaMate switches

• Communication: fiber optics loop

• Integrated with EMS, PI historian

• Fully automated, supervisory and remote control

• Fast, secured remote access for relay technicians

• Online since 6:30 am 06/27/2015

| 20 | 20

DA PILOT SYSTEM – GOOGLE EARTH MAP

| 21 | 21

SIMPLIFIED NETWORK DIAGRAM

2703

2705

EMS

Relay Room

Backbone Fiber

Shoreline Substation

| 22 | 22

SHORELINE DA NETWORK DIAGRAM

| 23 | 23

LOOP COMMUNICATION FAULT RECOVER

• IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

oFault recovery time is too slow ~ one minute

• IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

oFaster than STP, but still low for our scheme ~ few

seconds

• Vendors’ proprietary protocols

• Siemens’ enhanced RSTP

oFast recovery time: in ms

• Interoperability

| 24 | 24

TEST LAB – DA BLOCK DIAGRAM

Router

Test EMS

RTAC

Test Lab DA block diagram with 3 controllers

DIGITerminalserver

KEY

Ethernet

Serial

J-MUX

J-MUX

EthernetSW

fiber

SOC

NSC Com lab

EthernetSW

EthernetSW

EthernetSW

| 25 | 25

STANDARDIZATION

• Allows to program and configure devices in an

efficient manner with minimal errors

• Familiarity from job to job for engineers,

constructions crews, communication and relay

technicians

• Reduce debugging time.

• IP, DNP, Modbus, point lists

•Naming convention

• Equipment, constructions.

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NEW DESIGN SCADAMATE SWITCH WITH

GROUND LEVEL DISCONNECT HANDLE

| 30 | 30

GROUND LEVEL DISCONNECT HANDLE

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SUMMER STORM 08/29/2015

• http://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2015/08/the-

strongest-summer-storm-in-northwest.htm

• The Strongest Summer Storm In Northwest

History

• Saturday was a historic day during a historic

summer.

On that day western Oregon and Washington was

lashed by the strongest summer windstorm in

its historic record.

• l

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WINDSTORM 08/29/2015 WIND SPEED

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DA System Response:

Isolated affected

sections, and shifted

unaffected load on

FDR2705 to FDR2703.

DA System Response:

Isolated affected

sections, kept power

service to other

segments.

WINDSTORM DIAGNOSTIC OVERVIEW

• The DA system handled four different storm contingencies and executed logic to mitigate as many

customer outages as possible.

• In both automatic and manual modes, the system functioned properly.

Event 1: Two faults

appeared on

FDR2705.

Automatic Mode

Manual Mode

Event 2: Two new

faults

appeared on

FDR2703.

Event 3: Fault near

substation,

FDR2703 is

lost.

Event 4: Dispatcher

located new

fault while

restoring

FDR2705.

DA System Response:

No available source to

route power. Do not

attempt to close.

5m 32m

DA System Response:

Dispatcher remotely

isolated fault, restored

power to 80% of total

customers on FDR2705.

| 34 | 34

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Diagnostics

System Normal

| 35 | 35

Diagnostics

Fault between

SW2303 and SW487.

Fault between

Feeder Breaker 2705,

SW52, and SW936.

Feeder Breaker 2705

opened.

8/29/15, 12:27pm

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 1: Faults Appear On System

| 36 | 36

Team 2303-487

isolated the fault.

Team 2705-52-936

isolated the fault.

Diagnostics

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 1 (cont.): DA System Isolates The Faults

| 37 | 37

808

Customers

1001

Customers

323

Customers

351

Customers

SW1092 closed to

transfer power from

Feeder 2703.

SW597 closed to

transfer power from

Feeder 2703.

>DA System Alert:

2483/3869 customers

successfully restored

on Feeder 2705.

Diagnostics

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 1 (cont.): DA System Transfers Power

| 38 | 38

Fault between

SW1189, SW1092,

SW1751.

Feeder Breaker 2703

opened.

8/29/15, 12:32pm

Fault between SW536

and SW1685.

Diagnostics

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 2: Faults Appear On System

| 39 | 39

Team 1092-1189-1751

isolated the fault.

Team 1685-536

isolated the fault.

Diagnostics

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 2 (cont.): DA System Isolates The Faults

| 40 | 40

266

Customers

Feeder Breaker 2703

closed and restored

power.

>DA System Alert:

1817/3148 customers

successfully restored on

Feeder 2703.

115

Customers

74

Customers

255

Customers

Diagnostics

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 2 (cont.): Power is restored

1107

Customers

| 41 | 41

Fault between

Feeder Breaker 2703

and SW607.

Feeder Breaker 2703

opened.

8/29/15, 01:04pm

>ALERT:

115 KV line fell onto

26 KV line.

Diagnostics

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 3: Fault Appears On System

>DA System Alert:

No available power

sources to reroute.

| 42 | 42

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 4: Crews Work On Restoring Feeder 2705

Diagnostics

| 43 | 43

Fault between SW487

and SW597.

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 4 (cont.): Fault Appears On System

Remote Action:

Dispatcher has sent

remote command to

close SW487.

Diagnostics 8/30/15, 12:34pm

| 44 | 44

1001

Customers

323

Customers

351

Customers

Feeder Breaker 2705

closed and restored

power.

>DA System Alert:

3061/3869 customers

successfully restored on

Feeder 2705.

983

Customers

403

Customers

08/2015 WINDSTORM

Event 4 (cont.): Feeder 2705 is successfully

restored

Diagnostics

| 45 | 45

WINDSTORM 8/29/15 –

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION (DA) SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

3869

3148

3869

1386 1331

808

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Event 1 - Feeder 2705 Event 2 - Feeder 2703 Event 4 - Feeder 2705

Number of

outage

customers

Customer Outage Analysis

Without DA With DA

Assuming the event 3 which involved 115 kV outage had not occurred

| 46 | 46

WINDSTORM 8/29/15

5,598,443

7,901,480

299,204

2,005,542

3,340,810

115,544

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

Event 1 - feeder 2705 Event 2 - feeder 2703 Event 4 - feeder 2705

Outage

customer

minutes

Outage Customer Minutes Analysis

Without DA With DA

Assuming the event 3 which involved 115 kV outage had not occurred

| 47 | 47

LESSONS LEARNED

• A lab, even small one, is critical for testing, troubleshooting and

training.

• Fiber optics loop was intact throughout the serve storm

• The fast, secure remote access greatly reduce crew times for event

data retrieval and configuration update

• Secure WIFI is a nice feature, reduce operation cost, and enhanced

crew safety

• The system performed as intended. The Distribution Automation

scheme identified, isolated, and rerouted after the faults appeared.

• Dispatchers were able to identify and send line crews to fix affected

line segments faster than conventional methods.

QUESTIONS? THANK YOU