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S D M S Document I D•mi2006526

M A N A G E M E N T P L A ND E N V E R R A D I U M S I T EOPERABLE U N I T 7 D E N V E R S T R E E T S

Prepared forCi ty and County of DenverDepartment of Environmental H e a l t hEnvironmental Services Division1391 S p e e r Boulevard, S u i t e 700Denver, Colorado 80204

Prepared byGEI Consultants, Inc.6950 Sou th Potomac S t r e e t , S u i t e 200 October 15,1993Englewood, Colorado 80112 Revised June 16,2000(303) 662-0100 Revised May 9,2002

Project 96136

M a n a g e m e n t P l a nDenver Radium S i t eO p e r a b l e U n i t 7 DenverS t r e e t sDenver, C o l o r a d o

May 2002Project 96136

M A N A G E M E N T P L A ND E N V E R R A D I U M S I T E

OPERABLE UNIT 7 D E N V E R STREETSOctober 15,1993

Last Revised May 9,2002

Prepared by: GEI C o n s u l t a n t s , Inc.Reviewed by:

Robert J. H u z j a k , P.E. DateProject ManagerGEI Consultants, Inc.Approved by:

Diana Shannon , DateDirector, Environmental ServicesCity and County of Denver

Approved by:

Robert Duncanson DatePublic Work CoordinatorCity and County of Denver

Denver Radium S I M M a n a g a m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMarch 1,2002

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t sPrefac eDef in i t i on sS e c t i o n 1 - I n t r o d u c t i o nS e c t i o n 2 -2.12,2

23

S e c t i o n 3 -3.132

Reaula t ed A c t i v i t i e sCity and County of Denver Operating DivisionsPublic U t i l i t i e s and Outside Service2.2.1 Non-Permit t ed Activi t i e sRespons ib i l i t i e s2.3.1 Program Administrator2.3 2 Program Monitor2 .3 .3 Public Works Coordinator2.3.4 Divisional Designated Person2.3 .5 City Safety Representative2.3.6 Assistant Safety Representative2.3.7 Record Keeping

A f f e c t e d S t r e e t sARDC Corporation SurveyPreoperational Surveys

333445556689

121213

S e c t i o n 4 — W o r k O r d e r / P e r m i t t i n g Procedures - C i t y and C o u n t y of Denvej;O p e r a t i n g D i v i s f o n s __________________________ 154,1 General 154. 1 . 1 Work Order Permanent File Procedures 1 64.1.2 Work Ini t ia t i on 164.1.3 Emergency Response ' 174. 1 .4 Work Observation and Documentation 1 8

S e c t i o n 5 - P e r m i t t i n g Proc edure s - P u b l i c U t i l i t i e s . Contrac tor s , and Out s ideService s ________________________ _ _______ 205.1 General 205 2 General Permitting Procedures 205.2.1 Description of Work Location 215.2.2 Clearance Confirmation 2153 S p e c i a l Condi t ions DRS Permit t ing Procedure 21

5.3.1 Work I n i t i a t i o n 2253.2 Emergency Response 235.4 Work Observation and Documentation 24

October IS

Donvar Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity arid County of D«nvorMay 9,2002S e c t i o n 6 -

6.1

6.26.36.46.5

S e c t i o n 7 -7.17.2

S e c t i o n 8 -8.18283

Worker S a f e t y a n d H e a l t hGeneral6.1.1 Mandatory Training and Medical Surveil lance6. 1 .2 Radiation Exposure ConcernsGamma Exposure ControlPaniculate Exposure Control6 3 1 Particulate Exposure in Street Cut or Demolition OperationsInges t i on Exposure ControlWorker Exposure RecordsRadium C o n t a m i n a t e d M a t e r i a l D i s p o s i t i o nGeneral

7.1 1 Contaminated MaterialMaterial Di spo s i t i on Guide l ine s7.2.1 Retention and Reburial7.2.2 Water in Excavations7.2.3 Water Generated by Coring or Sawing A s p h a l t Pavement7.2.4 Interim Storage7.2.5 Contaminated Material Dispos i t ionP l a n Revisions

GeneralProceduresA p p r o v a l s

25252527353637373839393940404142424243434344

List o f T a b l e sT a b l e 6-1 Uranium-238 Decay SeriesT a b l e 6-2 Estimated Exposure Rates at Representative Denver Radium Street Site LocationsT a b l e 6-3 Estimated Hours of Exposure Required to Receive 100 Mill iR Exposure ofRepresentative Denver Radium Stree t Site LocationsT a b l e 6-4 Summary of Estimated Annual Exposures for Various work Cla s s i f i ca t i on sLis t o f F i g u r e sFigure 2-1 a Func t i onal Organization StructureFigure 2 - I b Functional Organization Structure with Contact I n f o r m a t i o n

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Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of OsnvorM a y 9 , 2002List o f A p p e n d i c e sA p p e n d i x AA p p e n d i x B-lA p p e n d i x B-3A p p e n d i x C-lA p p e n d i x C-2A p p e n d i x C-3A p p e n d i x D

Radium S t r e e t Contamination Zones - ARDC Figures 1-1 through 1-6Record of Decision - Denver Radium Site Stre e t s , Operable Unit 7Explanat ion of S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s , Denver Radium Site Stree t s ,Operable UnitS p e c i a l Cond i t i on s 1 - Pavement Repair, Replacement and M o d i f i c a t i o nin the Denver Radium Stre e t sS p e c i a l Condi t i on s 2 - Trenching and U t i l i t y Cuts in the Denver RadiumS t r e e t sDemolit ion OperationsGEI Preopera t j ona l Survey

D«nv«r Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9,2002P R E F A C E

This Revised Management Plan incorporates comments and revisions to the Management Planapproved in October 1993 and new information in A p p e n d i x C3 "Procedures for OperationsRelating to Demolition and Reconstruction in the Denver Radium Streets .Thi s document contains guidelines believed to be in cotiformance with a p p l i c a b l e regulatorystatutes and procedures. However, during the continuing review process and implementation ofthe plan, the provisions set f o r t h in this document are subject to addition, de le t ion, or change asthe regulatory implementat ion and management structure for handling radium processing wasteresidues at Operable Unit 7 are more clearly de f ined . All changes shall be incorporated intoFinal Management and Implementa t i on Plan and any subsequent revisions thereto.

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Denver Radium S i t e Management PlanCity and County of DenverMay 9,2Q02.D E F I N I T I O N S

A f f e c t e d Inter s e c t i on: Any intersection adjacent or contiguous to a designated zone ofcontamination within the d e f i n e d boundary depic t ed on Figure 1-1, A p p e n d i x A.Affected Stre e t : Any street in its entirety (inc luding curb and gutter) designated as a zone ofcontamination within the d e f i n e d boundary dep i c t ed on F i g u r e 1-1; A p p e n d i x A.Citv: All governing agencies and operating divisions authorized by the Charter of the Ci ty andCounty of Denver.Contaminated M a t e r i a l ; Materials that contain greater than 7 p C i / g radium-226 /g , .Contractor; Any contractor (plumbing, mechanical, etc.) licensed to per form work on or underCity and County of Denver Str e e t s . The conditions and requirements of this p l a n shall also bebinding on any unlicensed contractor or other entity per forming work on or under City andCounty of Denver Str e e t s , notwithstanding such contractor or entity may be in violation ofArticle VIE of Chapter 49 of the City and County of Denver Revised Municipal Code.C o n t r o l l e d Area; Any area of disturbance on an a f f e c t e d street or intersection as de f ined above,plu s a s u f f i c i e n t b u f f e r zone to allow for prudent s a f e operation of activities and be protective ofthe pub l i c health and wel fare, as determined by the on-site Assi s tant S a f e t y Representative.Divisional Designated Person fDDP)- The person within each Publ ic Works Divisionappointed to coordinate the implementation of work activities on a f f e c t e d streets,Dispo sa l : Permanent emplacement of contaminated material at a licensed N O R M / T E N O R M(waste fac i l i ty).

NORM - N a t u r a l l y Occurring Radioactive Material sT E N O R M • T e c h n o l o g i c a l l y Enhanced N a t u r a l l y Occurring Radioactive Material s •N a t u r a l l y Occurring Radioactive Materials whose concentrations are increased by or as aresult of past or present human practices.

E x p l a n a t i o n o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s fESDI: The document enti t led "Explanation o fS i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s , Denver Radium S u p e r f u n d Site , Operable Unit VTI -Streets," datedSeptember IS, 1992, and attached hereto as A p p e n d i x B-2.

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Donver Radium SJta Management PlanCity and Coun ty of DenverMay 9,2002Non-Contamina t ed Material: Materials, which are not c la s s i f i ed as "contaminated material1*according to the d e f in i t i on herein.Operating Division ( C t t v l : Any pub l i c (municipal) service division authorized under theCharter of the C i t y and County of Denver.Operator: Any City department or divis ion or subcategory thereof , contractor, company,corporation, pub l i c or private u t i l i t y or other similar entity conducting operations in or on theDenver Radium Streets .Plan: Thi s "Management Plan". Management Plan, Denver Radium S i t e , Operable Unit 7Denver Streets .P-toggam AdmiaiS-tra.tQjc; The individual responsible for implementation and adherence to thePlan. The Program Adminis trator shall possess certain minimum qual i f i cat ions as de f ined in _Sect ion 2.3.1 of the Flan.Program Monitor; The individual responsible for monitoring implementation of the Plan actsas a liaison with regulatory enti t le s , and handles pub l i c inquires regarding health concerns relatedto a f f e c t e d public streets.PubUc Uti l i s e s aalQiLtsLde Services: Any regulated or non-regulated u t i l i ty or privateenterprise providing goods and/or services to the p u b l i c through equipment and/or appurtenancescontained on or in City streets.Public Works Coordinator; The individual selected from within the Department of PublicWorks to coordinate all operational aspects of Plan implementation on a day-to-day basis.Record of Decision (ROD): The document enti t led "Record of Decision-Remedial AlternativeSele c t i on for Denver Radium S i t e S t r e e t s , Operable Unit 7," issued March 24,1986, andattached hereto as A p p e n d i x B-l. The a d o p t e d ROD was mod i f i ed as documented in theExplanation of S i g n i f i c a n t Di f f e r enc e s , issued Sept ember 15 ,1992.S a f e t y Representative; T h e C i t y ' s designated S a f e t y Representative f o r purposes o f monitoringand documentation of all work activities conducted on a f f e c t e d streets or intersections. TheS a f e t y Representative shall be a f u l l - t i m e City employee or a retained individual or f irm, at thediscretion of the C i t y and in accordance with a p p l i c a b l e City pol ic ie s and procedures.

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Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9,2002Work Supervi sor: The line supervisor direct ly responsible for assignment and/or direction ofmaintenance and/or construction work activities on any prescribed work order.AbbreviationsALARACADCERCLAC F RDACDRSEPAESDH M W M

As Low As Reasonably AchievableComputed*aided DrawingComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liab i l i ty Act of1980Code of Federa l RegisterDerived Air ConcentrationDenver Radium Stre e t sEnvironmental Protection AgencyExplanation of S i g n i f i c a n t Di f f e r enc e sHazardous Material s Waste Management___________________

"International Commission on Radiological ProtectionNationa l Council on Radiation ProtectionNatural ly Occurring Radioactive MaterialsTechno l og i ca l ly Enhanced N a t u r a l l y Occurring Radioactive MaterialOccupational S a f e t y and H e a l t h AdministrationRadiation Control DivisionRemedial / F i e l d Inves t igat ion TeamRecord of DecisionRegional Transpor ta t i on DistrictS u p e r f u n d Amendments and Re-authorization Act of 1986

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Denver Radium Site Management PlanCity and County of DenverMay 9,2002

S e c t i o n 1 - I n t r o d u c t i o nIn early 1979, low-level radioactive contamination was discovered on certain streets in theCapi t o l Hill and Downtown parts of Denver. It is believed this contamination may have beenrelated to a number of the uranium/radium ore upgrading or re f ining operations thatcomprised an industry operating in Denver dunng the period from 1910 until about 1930.Radioactive waste residues from these industrial sites were alleged to have been used atnumerous locations (including street and roadway construction) as Ell material or aggregatem asphalt paving surfaces.Based on results obtained from a number of s tudie s , low-level radioactive contamination isknown to be present in the lower ( o l d e r ) layers of asphalt pavement on certain streets.A d d i t i o n a l l y , previous EPA borings detected radioactive material hi loose soil belowcontaminated asphalt at three street sites. However, in almost all of the a f f e c t e d streets, it isbelieved that those contaminated layers are ovei lain by one or more pavettieat lay&S tlial is—(are) not contaminated. In any instance, the low-level contamination found in the streets isnot deemed to be an immediate health hazard unless direct exposure, through pavementcutting or removal, occurs. Even then, the exposure e f f e c t s are not deemed to be of serioushealth consequence because exposures are anticipated to be infrequent and of short duration.Because these streets are part of the Denver Radium S u p e r f u n d Si t e , certain managementprocedures must be employed to address publ i c and worker exposure concerns and ultimatematerial disposi t ion.The EPA has designated the radium-contaminated streets as Denver Radium S u p e r f u n d Si t e ,Operable Unit-7 • Denver Radium Site Stree t s . A site vicinity map, which shows the extentof Operable Unit 7, is shown in Figure 1-1. Figure 1-2 provides a representation of thegeneral extent of streets and intersections known to have above-background concentrationsof gamma radiation in or underlying the paving surfaces. For a more detailed depict ion ofthese areas, refer to A p p e n d i x A, Figure s 1-1 through 1-6. The EPA, upon reviewing theavailable information on these streets and S t a t e of Colorado recommendations, issued aRecord of Decision (ROD) for Operable Unit 7 in 1986 [ A p p e n d i x B - l ] . The ROD selecteda remedy, called the " M o d i f i e d N o - A c t i o n Alternative," which in summary st ipulate s:

"...leaving the contaminated material in place,.,.improving institutional controlsso that all routine maintenance, repair, or construction activities in the a f f e c t e dstreets by government agencies, u t i l i ty companies, contracting companies, andprivate individuals will be monitored, and removing any contaminated materialexcavated during routine maintenance, repair, or construction activities in the

Denver Radium S I M Management P l a nCity and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9,a f f e c t e d streets to a f a c i l i t y approved for storage or di sposal of contaminatedmaterials."

In 1992, the EPA issued an Explanat ion of S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s (ESD) [ A p p e n d i x B-2].This ESD m o d i f i e s the original ROD to allow for the retention and on-site rebunal ofradium-contaminated materials that are excavated during routine and/or emergencymaintenance, repair or other construction activities. The major d i f f e r e n c e s between theoriginal ROD and the ESD were summarized in the ESD as f o l l o w s :

"ORIGINAL REMEDY* O f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l of radium-contaminated materials excavated during routinemaintenance, repair or construction activities in the a f f e c t e d streets of Operable UnitvnM O D I F I E D REMEDY

——— 'HDiPSil t t re lenl iun and reburiatuf radium-contaminated materials excavated duringroutine or emergency maintenance, repair of other construction activities in the a f f e c t e dstreets of Operable Unit Vn, if f e a s i b l e , provided that the area to be excavated is notgreater than 20 percent of the total area of the roadway in one city block. Spec ia lvariance to the 20 percent limit may be granted by the Colorado Department of PublicH e a l t h and Environment should an unusual circumstance require such a variance.Contaminated materials that are reburied will be covered with a new, hard surfacehaving a minimum d e p t h of 6 inches to ensure no direct exposure. If retention andrebunal of contaminated materials is not f ea s i b l e , the materials will be d i sposed of at alicensed, o f f - s i t e di sposal fa c i l i ty , consistent with the ROD."

The S t a t e of Colorado and the Ci ty and County of Denver have been given responsibility forcreation and implementation of a comprehensive testing and overall control program toaddress the ROD and ESD. Development of a Management Plan is currently underway, andpending its completion, this Draft Management Plan shall a p p l y to any and all workoccurring in or on these a f f e c t e d street locationsIn the future, Denver streets not named in this p lan that are a f f e c t e d by low-level radioactivecontamination and are adjacent to or in the vicinity of Operable Unit 7, as shown on Figure1*1, shall automatically, upon discovery, be included under mis plan. The location andextent of newly discovered low-level radioactive contamination would be documented in aletter f r om the Program Administrator to the permanent f i l e and to the Colorado Departmentof Public H e a l t h and Environment. The activity map showing the current areas ofcontamination will be updat ed and submitted quarterly.

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Denvtr Radium Stta Management P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9,2002

S e c t i o n 2 - R e g u l a t e d A c t i v i t i e sAny and all activities that result in penetration of the a f f e c t e d streets' pavement surface orcurb and gutter, shall be subject to the conditions and requirements of this plan. Examples ofsuch activities include, but may not be limited to, the f o l l o w i n g :2.1 Ci ty and County of Denver O p e r a t i n g Divi s ions

Pavement repairs ( p o t h o l e squaring and cold patching)Pavement removal/replacement (removal and hot mix replacement)Pavement crack sealingPavement penetrating b o r i n g / t e s t i n g programs ,Uti l i ty cuts (muni c ipa l)- Water s u p p l y- Sanitary sewer- Storm sewer- Manhole alignment

• Traffic control cuts (e.g. signal po l e s , sensor devices, etc.)• Accidental or catastrophic damage to pavement or curb and gutter as a result of

human error or act of God• Emergency response activities related to any or all of the above

2.2 P u b l i c U t i l i t i e s and Out s id e ServicePavement repairsPavement removal/replacementPavement penetrat ing bonng/ t e s t ing programsLight Rail F a c i l i t i e s (Regional Transpor ta t i on District [RTD]Bus Stop pads (RTD)U t i l i t y cuts (private services), including, but not limited to the f o l l o w i n g :- Natural Gas Xcel Energy- Electric Xcel Energy- Steam Xcel Energy- T e l e p h o n e Qwest- T e l e p h o n e ( A T & T )- T e l e p h o n e ( U S S p r i n t )- T e l e p h o n e ( M C I )- Cablevi s ion

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Denver Radium S i t e Management PlanCity and County of DenverMay 9,2002• U t i l i t y cuts (contractor)

- New s e rv i c e / r epa i r /mod i f i ca t i on of water taps- New s e rv i c e / r epa i r /mod i f i ca t i on of sewer taps

• Curb and gutter removal/replacement• Handi cap ramps• Driveway entrances• Accidental or catastrophic damage to pavement, or curb and gutter as a result of

human error or act of God• Emergency response activit ies related to any or all of the above

2.2.1 Non-Permitted ActivitiesCertain City divisions, u t i l i t i e s and private entities are allowed to perform non-permittedwork activities on all city streets, inc lud ing the a f f e c t e d streets when an emergency responseis required. Emergency response s i tuations are de f ined in Section 4.1.3 and Section 5,32 ofthis Plan. Ci ty Divisions, u t i l i t i e s and private entities having authority to per form emergencywork include the f o l l o w i n g :

• Wastewater Management Division of the Department of Public Works, Ci ty andCounty of Denver

• Denver Water Department• Xcel Energy• Qwest

The appropriate designated persons from any Such entity shal l , at the earliest possible time,contact the Program Adminis trator and advise him of the emergency and provide any otherpertinent information to assist with the implementation of this Plan, All personnelresponding to the emergency shall conduct all activities in accordance with an approvedemergency response p lan and shall be proper ly trained and equipped with appropriatepersonal protective equipment. Upon no t i f i ca t i on , the Program Administrator shall n o t i f y theCity S a f e t y Representative, who m turn will discharge the Assistant S a f e t y Representative tothe site. Upon arrival, the Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representative wi l l , as emergency conditionspermit, establish appropr ia t e health and s a f e t y monitoring, deve lop exclusion zones, overseematerial handling procedures, and document site activities2.3 R e s p o n s i b i l i t i e sAll adherence to the Plan shall be carried out under the authority of the ProgramAdministrator and in confonnance with all aspects of the Plan and citations contained herein.Administration of the Plan shall be m accordance with the Funct ional Organization Structuredep i c t ed in Figures 2- la and 2*lb. Admini s tra t ion of the Plan shal l be associated with the

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Darwer Radium Sit* Management PlanCity and County of DenverMay 9,2002functional position, and shall be executed by successive personnel to that position, asnecessary. At least one copy of the Plan shall be maintained in each of the O f f i c e s of theDivisional Designated Persons for those posi t ions shown on Figure s 2-la and 2-lb.2.3.1 Program AdministratorThe Program Administrator shall be a person in the Environmental Services Division of theDepartment of Environmental H e a l t h of the C i t y and County of Denver as appointed by theDirector of Environmental Services or his designated representative. The ProgramAdministrator shall have adequate radiation sa f e ty training and experience in accordancewith Sta t e regulations and shall be the individual who is responsible for implementation andadherence to the Plan, managing the activities of the Safety Representative, and providingC i t y s i g n - o f f on s i t e - s p e c i f i c s a f e ty p lan s if the Safety Representative is an outsidecontractor. A d d i t i o n a l r e spons ib i l i t i e s include f ina l assessment of worker exposure level sand point of contact responsibility for employee concerns related to individual workerexposures and related issues. The Program Adminis trator at this time is Bill Benerman,Environmental Operations Supervi sor , Environmental Services, Ci ty and County of Denver.2.3.2 Program MonitorThe Program Monitor shall be a designated person in the Department of EnvironmentalH e a l t h who monitors implementation of the Plan, acts as a liaison with regulatory entities onregulatory and technical matters, and handle s publ i c inquiries regarding health concernsrelated to the a f f e c t e d p u b l i c streets.2.3.3 Public Works CoordinatorThe Public Works Coordinator shall be designated by the Manager of Public Works as arepresentative from PW City Engineering who veri f i e s the proper implementation of thepermitting aspects of the Plan and coordinates work e f f o r t s among Public Works divisionsand departments. The Public Works Coordinator, by combination of education, workexperience, and supplementary training shall be uniquely qual i f i ed to assess the potentialradiation exposure concerns associated with work activities in a f f e c t e d areas; i d e n t i f y andadminister special requirements for performance of work activities in a f f e c t e d areas, be f u l l yversed in activities conducted by or under the auspices of Department of Public Works (toinclude those activities conducted by private u t i l i t i e s and outside contractor services); and bea skilled communicator (oral and verbal) and manager. The Public Works Coordinator shallbe charged with maintaining quarterly reports on worker exposures (See 2 3 5) and assuringappropriate dis tribution to a f f e c t e d parties. The Public Works Coordinator will ver i fy anddocument that all Division Designated Persons, Public Works Permit Representatives, andWork Supervisors have reviewed the Plan and fully understand its contents and required

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002procedures. The Publ i c Works Coordinator shall have adequate training in accordance withstate regulations.2.3.4 Divisional Designated PersonEach operating d iv i s ion within the Department of Pub l i c Works shall maintain a DivisionalDesignated Person to oversee Plan aspects as they relate to operations in that respectivedivision. The Divisional Designated Person shall be re spons ib l e for coordinat ing act ivi t ie s ofWork Supervi sor s with regard to this p l a n ; maintaining personnel in f o rmat i on (trainingrecords, etc.); and maintaining Divisional f i l e s p er ta in ing to this Plan. Key personnel shallhave adequate training in accordance with state regulations. The Divisional DesignatedPerson shall have adequate radiation s a f e t y training and experience in accordance with S t a t eregulations and be an indiv idual meeting the f o l l o w i n g minimum q u a l i f i c a t i o n s :

• Senior s t a f f p o s i t i o n in Division with l ine management (or above) authority.• Annual c o m p l e t i o n of a 4 hour session on Radiat ion F u n d a m e n t a l s and

Management P l a n Overview.A d d i t i o n a l recommended (but not required) q u a l i f i c a t i o n s include:

• C o m p l e t i o n of OSHA Training in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 andpossession of c e r t i f i c a t i o n thereto, i n c l u d i n g maintenance of annualrefresher courses as evidenced by cer t i f i ca t ion.

• Registered Pro f e s s i ona l Engineer in S t a t e of Colorado.• Experience in hazardous waste management inc luding storage, transport, and

di spo sa l of contro l l ed materials.• Exhib i t s high degree of p u b l i c relat ions awareness.• F a m i l i a r with general requirements and procedures contained in the

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensat ion, and L i a b i l i t y Act of1980, otherwise known as C E R C L A , or S u p e r f u n d , and the S u p e r f u n dAmendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, otherwise known as SARA.

2.3.5 City Safety RepresentativeThe Ci ty and County of Denver shal l appo in t or retain a Ci ty S a f e t y Representative who shallreport d i r e c t l y to the Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r on matters of radiat ion s a f e t y and occupational

696136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October IS. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 Ma> 9. 2002

G E I C o n s u l t a n t s , Inc.

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002health. The Ci ty S a f e t y Representative may be a C i t y employe e( s) or a retained individual orf i rm, at the di scret ion of the C i t y and in accordance with a p p l i c a b l e C i t y po l i c i e s andprocedures. It is recommended that, to e l iminate p o t e n t i a l c o n f l i c t s of interest, the C i t yretain a third parry not d i r e c t l y a f f i l i a t e d with the C i t y or Operator.The Ci ty S a f e t y Representative shal l be re spons ib l e for the technical adequacy andcorrectness of the S i t e H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan and also d i r e c t ly re sponsible for supervisingthe Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representatives observing the day-to-day and emergency ac t iv i t i e s in thea f f e c t e d streets. The C i t y S a f e t y Representative shall be r e spons ib l e for the surveillance andsupervisory action required for imp l emen ta t i on of the Plan. The C i t y S a f e t y Representativeshal l have both the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y and the authority, through a p p r o p r i a t e line management, tosuspend, po s tpone , or m o d i f y any work activi ty that is unsafe or p o t e n t i a l l y in vio la t ion ofthe condit ions of the S i t e H e a l t h and Safety Plan or the Management Plan.In s e l e c t ing the S a f e t y Representative, the C i t y shal l v er i fy that the S a f e t y Representative hasthe f o l l o w i n g minimum q u a l i f i c a t i o n s .

• Bachelor of Science degree in Radio l og i ca l or Environmental Science s , Indus t r ia lHygiene , or Engineering from an accredited c o l l eg e or university or an equivalentcombination of training and relevant experience in radiation protection.

• One year of experience in Radiat ion S a f e t y and Occupational H e a l t h .• C o m p l e t i o n of 40-hours of OSHA general training and 8-hours of supervisor

training in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 and possess ion of c e r t i f i c a t i o nthereto, i n c l u d i n g annual maintenance of c e r t i f i ca t i on .

• Part i c ipa t i on and c e r t i f i c a t i o n of Medical Monitoring in accordance with 29 CFR1910.120.

• Annual c o m p l e t i o n of 16 hours, minimum, of radiation s a f e t y training.The r e spons i b i l i t i e s o f the Ci ty S a f e t y Representative shall include.

• Development of site s p e c i f i c h ea l th and s a f e t y p l a n s for each individual work site.• Provide training and supervision of the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representatives.• Provide a quarterly report to the Publ i c Works Coordinator containing at a

minimum a brief summary of all operations in a f f e c t e d streets, l ev e l s ofradioactive contamination encountered, resul t s of site and personal monitoring,

796136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3 0 May9. 2002

GEI C o n s u l t a n t s , Inc.

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002summary of site worker exposures, and a summary of total time spent at worksites in a f f e c t e d streets for individual employees. A copy of the quarterly reportwi l l be sent to Colorado Department of Publ i c H e a l t h and Environment to theat tent ion of Mark R u d o l p h in the Hazardous M a t e r i a l s and Was t e ManagementDivision.

2.3.6 Assistant Safety RepresentativeThe C i t y and County of Denver shall also appoint or retain or have the C i t y S a f e t y .Representative appoint or retain at least one Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representative who shall bepresent during all day-to-day and emergency operations in the a f f e c t e d streets.During operations conducted by C i t y operators, the Ass i s t an t S a f e t y Repre s en ta t iv e(s) shallhave the authority to oversee work act ivi t i e s re lat ing to the h a n d l i n g of materials containingradioactive contamination in a manner protec t ive of worker as well as p u b l i c hea l th ands a f e t y ; to s t op operations under changing condi t ions; to m o d i f y heal th and s a f e t y ac t ivi t i e s toinsure the heal th and s a f e t y of workers and the general p u b l i c ; and to insure adherence tos p e c i f i c procedures as d e f i n e d in A p p e n d i x C of this document.During operations conducted by non-City operators the Assis tant S a f e t y Representative(s)shall coordinate with the s a f e t y representative of the non-City operators to be on site toobserve all act ivi t ie s on the a f f e c t e d streets; to conduct monitoring as required by this p l a n ;and to insure adherence to s p e c i f i c procedures as d e f i n e d in A p p e n d i x C of this document.The C i t y shall v e r i f y that the Ass i s t an t Safety Representat ives has the f o l l o w i n g minimumq u a l i f i c a t i o n s .

• An associate degree or two or more years of s tudy in the physical sciences,engineering, or a hea l th related f i e l d .

• F o u r weeks training (up to two weeks may be on-the-job training) in radiationhealth pro tec t ion a p p l i c a b l e to operational procedures at Operable Unit 7.

• C o m p l e t i o n of 40-hours of OSHA general training and 8-hours of supervisortraining in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 and pos s e s s ion of c e r t i f i c a t i o nthereto, i n c l u d i n g annual maintenance of c e r t i f i ca t i on .

• Part i c ipa t i on and c e r t i f i c a t i o n of Medical Moni tor ing in accordance with 29 CFR1910.120.

96136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Manauemem Plan OUT October 15. 1993. Lasl Revision j.O May 9.100:

GEl C o n s u l t a n t s , Inc.

Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9. 2002• Annual comple t i on of 16 hours training on radiation f u n d a m e n t a l s and

Management Plan Overview.The r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f the Ass i s t an t Safe ty Representative shal l include.

• Insure that all on-site personnel are f a m i l i a r with the site s p e c i f i c H e a l t h andS a f e t y Plan and obtain documentation thereof .

• Conduct site monitoring of the level of gamma radiation f r om site materials andcompile documentation of these levels .

• Conduct and administer personal monitoring of site workers and compi l edocumentation of the results of these ac t iv i t i e s ( S e e S e c t i o n 6.2).

• Implemen t and conduct personnel air monitoring programs and f u g i t i v e emissionsmonitoring for those ac t ivi t i e s deemed to be s u s c e p t i b l e to exposure concerns( S e e A p p e n d i x C).

• Compare observed gamma l eve l s with (to be de t ermined) correlation fac tor s toascertain the level of radium-226 present in the materials being handled.

• Manage the on-site retention and reburial of radium-contaminated materialsexcavated.

• Manage the handl ing and d i s p o s i t i o n of radium-contaminated materials whenretention and reburial is not f e a s i b l e .

• C o m p i l e written documentation of all work activit ie s in the a f f e c t e d streetsin c lud ing heal th and s a f e t y and personal monitoring aspects of the p r o j e c t andmaterial handl ing and di spos i t ion. T h i s in format ion shall be maintained in thePublic Works f i l e s with d u p l i c a t e copies provided to the Publ i c WorksCoordinator.

2.3.7 Record KeepingThe Program Admini s t ra tor and Program Moni tor shal l maintain f i l e documentat ion withintheir respective d iv i s i on/d epar tmen t of all ac t ivi t i e s conducted on a f f e c t e d streets.Documentation shall include Work Orders, S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s F o r m s / P e r m i t s , WorkerA f f i d a v i t s , S i t e Monitoring Records, I n d i v i d u a l Worker Exposure Records and HazardousWaste s M a n i f e s t s . Key responsible personnel, f i l e documents, and d i s t r ibu t ion are out l inedbelow.

9% 136 02-05-W Denver Radium Managemem P l a n O U ? October \5. \V>3. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9, 2002

Respons ib l e Person: Work Superv i s o rF i l e Document DistributionWork Order with Procedure Number

Respons ib l e Person: Division Designated PersonF i l e Document

1 - Division File1 - Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r

Distribut ionDetermination N o t i c e 1 - A p p l i c a n t

1 - Divis ion FileS p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s F o r m s / P e r m i t s

Respon s i b l e Person: Ci ty S a f e t y Representat iveF i l e Document

1 - A p p l i c a n t1 - Division File1 - Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r

DistributionS i t e S p e c i f i c H e a l t h a n d S a f e t y PlanWorker A f f i d a v i t sWorker Exposure RecordsS i t e Moni tor ing RecordA c t i v i t y M a pQuarterly Report

10WI36 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan Of

G E I C o n s u l t a n t s , Inc .

1 - Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r1 - Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r1 - Program Adminis trator1 - Program Admini s t ra t or1 - Program Admini s t ra t or1 - Program Admini s t ra t or1 - Colorado Department of

Publ ic H e a l t h andEnvironment-RCD

1 - Colorado Department ofP u b l i c H e a l t h andEnvironment-HMWM

October 15. IW. Laa Revision 5.0 May >). :00:

Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002Respons ib l e Person: Program Admini s t ra t or

F i l e Document________________________Distribution• Radioactive Material S h i p p i n g M a n i f e s t s

and Forms 1 - Program Admini s t ra t or1 - Division File

I n f o r m a t i o n included in the S i t e Monitoring Reports, Worker Exposure Records, and on theA c t i v i t y Map will be maintained using a computer data base sof tware. Graphic i n f o r m a t i o ninc lud ing locations of individual street cuts will be entered and updated on a CAD drawingof the a f f e c t e d streets. A p p r o p r i a t e in format ion and summaries from the database and theA c t i v i t y Map wil l be presented in a quarterly report prepared by the S a f e t y Representative.All records, data, maps, reports, database so f tware and graphi c- in format ion so f tware w i l l bethe property of the Ci ty and County of Denver.

1196136 03-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Lao Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


D D P H EP R O G R A M M O N I T O R

CITf AND COUNTY OF D E N V E RDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHE N V n t O N M E N T A L P R O T E C T I O N D I V I S I O N

D D P H EP R O G R A M A D M I N I S T R A T O R

CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVERDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHE N V I R O N M E N T A L S E R V I C E S D I V I S I O N

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C I T Y E N G I N E E R I N G

P U B L I C W O R K SP E R M I T SR E P R E S E N T A T I V E

D I V I S I O N A LD E S I G N A T E D P E R S O N S• C I T Y E N G I N E E R S O F F I C E• STREET MAINTENANCE• T R A F F I C O P E R A T I O N S• W A S T E W A T E B M A N A G E M E N T

P U B L I C U T I L I T I E SA N D O T H E RO U T S I D E S E R V I C E SO F F S I T E

oW O R K C R E W S F O RA L L A U T H O R I Z E DE M E R G E N C Y WORK A N DO T H E R C O N T R A C T O R S

C I T Y A N D C O U N T Y O F D E N V E RD E P A R T M E N T O F P U B L I C W O R K SW O R K S U P E R V I S O R S• C I T Y E N G I N E E R S O F F I C E• STREET M A I N T E N A N C E• T R A F F I C O P E R A T I O N S• W A S T E H A T E S M A N A G E M E N T

WORK C R E W SP U B L I C U T I L I T I E SA N D O T H E RC O N T R A C T O R S

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C I T Y W O R K S C R E W SO U T S I D EC O N T R A C T O R S

A S S I S T A N T S A F E T YR E P R E S E N T A T I V E

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PROGRAM M O N I T O RDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

DIRECTOR OR DESIGNATEJ O H N S T U D E N T720-B85-S4B8

PROGRAM A D M I N I S T R A T O RC I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

E N V I R O N M E N T A L S E R V I C E S D I V I S I O NBILL BENERMAN - 720-885-5438

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ROB DUNCANSON - 303-446-3680

P U B L I C W O R K SP E R M I T SR E P R E S E N T A T I V E

D I V I S I O N A LD E S I G N A T E D P E R S O N S• C I T Y E N G I N E E R S O F F I C E• STREET M A I N T E N A N C E• T R A F F I C O P E R A T I O N S• W A S T E V A T E R M A N A G E M E N T

P U B L I C U T I L I T I E SA N D O T H E RO U T S I D E S E R V I C E SO F F S I T E

WORK C R E W S FORA L L A U T H O R I Z E DE M E R G E N C Y WORK A N DO T H E R C O N T R A C T O R S

C I T Y A N D C O U N T Y O F D E N V E RDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKSW O R K S U P E R V I S O R S• C I T Y E N G I N E E R S O F F I C E• STREET M A I N T E N A N C E• T R A F F I C O P E R A T I O N S• ' W A S T E H A T E R M A N A G E M E N T

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Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002

S e c t i o n 3 - A f f e c t e d S t r e e t s3.1 ARIX C o r p o r a t i o n SurveyThe location and extent of the a f f e c t e d streets and intersect ions are d ep i c t ed on Figure s 1-1through 1-6, located in A p p e n d i x A of this document. The l i m i t s of the a f f e c t e d streets weredetermined in an independent study per formed by ARIX Corporat ion for the ColoradoDepartment of Publ i c H e a l t h and Environment. The ARIX report d e p i c t s the a f f e c t e d streetsas the areas of the surveyed streets where the low level radioactive materials located belowthe street surface resulted in unconnected gamma s c in t i l la t i on meter readings exceeding 30uR/hr. The ARIX report stated that experience at the Denver Radium Site d i c ta t e s that ameter reading of 30 uR/hr or greater is a d e f i n i t e anomaly, which probab ly exceeds 5 pCi Ra-226 per gram of soil. For the purpose s of this Plan, streets wi l l be considered contaminated ifuncorrected waist level or contact level gamma meter readings above the street surfaceexceed 30 uR/hr. In areas ad ja c en t to or in the vic ini ty of Operable Unit 7, where low-levelradioactive contamination is suspected or not c l ear ly d e f i n e d by the ARIX survey, the areashall be surveyed prior to commencing any street cut activities. If the survey indicates thatlow-level radioactive contamination is present, the surveyed streets wil l be added to thea f f e c t e d streets included in this Plan. The locat ion and extent of newly discovered low-levelradioactive contamination wi l l be documented in a l e t t er f rom the Program Adminis trator tothe program monitor and to the Co lorado Department of Publ i c H e a l t h and Environment.Maps showing the l i m i t s of the a f f e c t e d streets shall be immedia t e ly updated and provided tothe Permit t ing Representatives for use in all p e r m i t t i n g related ac t ivi t i e s and to u t i l i t y ent i t i e shaving authority to p er f orm emergency work. Revised maps wi l l also be inc luded inquarterly reports for general d i s t r i bu t i on .CAUTION: S p e c i f i c l ocat ions may inc lude radioact ive contamination ex t ending into orbeyond a s p e c i f i e d intersection. For work requirements in p o t e n t i a l l y a f f e c t e d intersect ions,the Divisional Designated Person sha l l , prior to assignment, determine the extent ofcontamination and po t en t ia l for contamination to be encountered during work operationsthrough thorough review of Figur e s 1-1 through 1-6 in A p p e n d i x A. All s p e c i f i c deci s ionsMUST be based on review of Figur e s 1-1 through 1-6 in A p p e n d i x A, as they provide thegreatest level of de tai l on known contamination zones. Continuous contamination ex t endingpast the or ig ina l ly determined boundaries of the a f f e c t e d streets shall automatical ly, upondiscovery, be inc luded in the a f f e c t e d streets. Any extension of the a f f e c t e d streets requiresthat the Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r and Program Monitor be n o t i f i e d .

12% I ?6 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan Of October IS. IW3. Last Revision 3.0 May <>. 2002

GEI Consu l tant s , Inc.

Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9. 2002I n c l u s i o n s :

Corona S t r e e t :Downing Stre e t :Marion S t r e e t :L a f a v e t t e S t r e e t :H u m b o l d t S t r e e t :York Stre e t :E. 9th Avenue:

E. l l t h Avenue:

23rd Stre e t :

700 through 900 blocks p l u s 9th Avenue intersection700 through 900 blocks p l u s 9th Avenue intersection600 through 900 blocks p l u s 9th Avenue intersection100 through 900 b locks p l u s 9th Avenue intersection700 through 800 blocks p l u s 9th Avenue intersection600 through 800 blocks and 1000 through 1200 blocks1000 through 1400 blocks (Ogden Stre e t eastward toCheesman Park entrance)2000 through 2300 blocks (Cheesman Park eastward toJ o s e p h i n e S t r e e t )400 through 1100 blocks ( C a l i f o r n i a Street to Glenarm S t r e e t )as m o d i f i e d by a survey performed by the C i t y in January2000)

3.2 P r e o p e r a t i o n a l SurveysA d d i t i o n a l inves t igat ions per formed by the C i t y and County of Denver as part of thismanagement p l a n inc luded surveys of all a f f e c t e d streets i d e n t i f i e d in the ARIX survey. Theinvest igations were ca l l ed preoperational surveys and were per formed in accordance with theoperational procedures described in A p p e n d i x C. A summary of the f i n d i n g s of thepreoperational surveys are presented in A p p e n d i x D. The comple t e report is available at theEnvironmental Services Division o f f i c e s located at 216 16th S t r e e t , S u i t e 1500, Denver,Colorado.The preoperational surveys included taking a sphal t cores in the a f f e c t e d streets andper f o rming gamma surveys of the work areas and recovered cores. Laboratory analyses wereperformed on the contaminated cores to determine radium-226 concentrations.The f i n d i n g s presented in the preoperational surveys included measured contaminationd e p t h s less than 1 inch below the surface of the street and a maximum measured radium-226concentration of 123 p C i / g , which is higher than the maximum 79 p C i / g reported in the EPAREM/FIT report of A p r i l 30, 1986. The a sphal t core locat ions and measured d e p t h s to

139 6 I 3 6 01-Oi-Ot Denier Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. IW3. Last Revision 3 0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002contamination are shown on Figure s 2A through 2G in A p p e n d i x D. P r o f i l e s of the a sphal tcore locations, measured gamma radiation versus d ep th , and average radium-226concentrations above background concentrations versus d e p t h are shown on Figure s 3Athrough 10 in A p p e n d i x D.

149 6 I 3 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. l °93. Last Revision 3 0 Mav. 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002

S e c t i o n 4 - Work O r d e r / P e r m i t t i n gProcedures - C i t y andC o u n t y of Denver______Operating Divi s i on s4.1 GeneralAssignment of s p e c i f i c work orders shall be d e l ega t ed by a Work Supervisor. Prior toassignment of a s p e c i f i c work order, the Work Supervi sor shall ver i fyv with the a p p r o p r i a t eDivisional Designated Person, that the work is or is not planned in an a f f e c t e d street orintersection. For ini t ia t ion of work order assignments, the Work Supervi sor is required toreceive a Determination N o t i c e from the C i t y S a f e t y Representative and Publ i c WorksPermits Representative prior to commencement of any ac t iv i t i e s to be conducted withinstreets or intersections located within Operable Unit 7.If the Determination N o t i c e has Box "a" " N o t i f i c a t i o n of Clearance" marked, then act ivi t i e sin the des ignated area need not conform with the requirements of this Plan. If theDetermination N o t i c e has Box "b" " N o t i f i c a t i o n of S p e c i a l Condi t ions" marked, thenact iv i t i e s in the de s ignated area shall conform to the requirements and procedures of thisPlan. A d d i t i o n a l l y , where work is determined to be located in or on an a f f e c t e d street, theWork Superv i s or shall p l a c e a dec larat ion of the work order from ind i ca t ing the a p p r o p r i a t eS p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedures (de s igna t e one of Procedures 1 through 3 in A p p e n d i x C).Procedures are provided in A p p e n d i x C for the f o l l o w i n g categories of work activities:

Special ReferenceGeneral Act iv i ty Category Condi t i on s Procedure A p p e n d i xPavement Repair, Replacement, 1 A p p e n d i x C-land M o d i f i c a t i o nTrenching and U t i l i t y Cut s 2 A p p e n d i x C-2Demol i t ion Operations/Reconstruction 3 A p p e n d i x C-3U p o n de l iver ing a Work Order s p e c i f y i n g a given S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedure, the WorkSupervi sor shall r e f er to the Procedures Manual to ascertain the s p e c i f i c managementrequirements associated with the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and work act ivi ty and communicate thoserequirements to the work crew chi e f . It shal l be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the Work Superv i s or to

159 6 l 3 6 0 2 - 0 5 - W D e m c r R « d i u m M a n i n ; e n i a i l P U l l O U 7 October IS. I 9 9 3 . Uot R c M s i o n J . O May 9 . 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002ensure that all personnel to be assigned to such a work e f f o r t have received adequate trainingin accordance with Section 6.1 of this document and 29 CFR 1910.120.The Work Superv i s or shall contact the C i t y S a f e t y Representative as early as pract ical (butnot less than 48 hours prior to the ini t iat ion of work, except in the case of an emergencyresponse as d e f i n e d in 4.1.3) and provide all the in f ormat i on necessary for the deve lopmentof the S i t e H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan. The Work Supervi sor shall provide a brief in format ionalpresentation to all members of the assigned work party d i s cu s s ing the major aspects of theS p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedure, s p e c i f i c a l l y the reasons for the procedure, operationalconsiderations, and contaminated materials hand l ing procedures. In instances whereemergency response to a site is required, it shall be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the Work Supervi sorto provide the in format ional pre sentat ion prior to work ini t ia t ion. As part of theinformat ional presentation under non-emergency condi t ions , the Ass i s tant S a f e t yRepresentative shall present an overview of the S i t e H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan. Thepresentation should be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 minutes in duration and shall a l l ow oppor tuni ty forquestions and c l a r i f i c a t i o n s to the s a t i s f a c t i o n of all members of the assigned work crew.U p o n c ompl e t i on of the pre sentat ion, each member of the work crew shall sign an a f f i d a v i ta t t e s t ing to h i s /her awareness and unders tanding of the S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedure andS i t e H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan. S a i d a f f i d a v i t shall become a permanent record in the workorder f i l e .4.1.1 Work Order Permanent File ProceduresTwo copies of each Work Order generating a N o t i f i c a t i o n of S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s shallbecome part of the permanent f i l e for the Denver Radium Stree t s .One copy of the Work Order shall be maintained on f i l e in the Publ i c Works Divisional Fileof the par t i cu lar Division Designated Person is suing the N o t i f i c a t i o n of S p e c i a l Condi t i on s .One copy of the Work Order shal l be f i l e d in a permanent f i l e at the o f f i c e of the ProgramAdministrator.It is the intent of this p lan that the P u b l i c Works Divisional f i l e s be u t i l i z ed as working f i l e sfor activit ies conducted under the auspices of a given divi s ion, while the ProgramA d m i n i s t r a t o r ' s f i l e shall be u t i l i z ed as a comple t e , chronological repository, f rom which anyreport ing requirements (e.g. quarterly summaries, etc.) can be met.4.1.2 Work InitiationIt shall be the sole r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of Work Supervi sor s to ensure adherence to all aspec t s ofthe S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedure and to provide documentation thereof .

1696136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Muiasemenl PlanOL'7 October IS. I 9 9 3 . U» Revision 3.0 May 9. 3002

GEI Consu l tan t s , Inc.

Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002Job site r e s p o n s i b i l i t y shall rest with the Work Supervi sor and any deviation from S p e c i a lCondi t i on s Procedure requirements shall require written authorization from the DivisionDesignated Person and shall be c l ear ly d e f i n e d in the written authorization.Prior to in i t ia t i on of work (minimum 48-hour advance n o t i f i c a t i o n ) , the Work Supervi sorshal l n o t i f y the Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r and provide the f o l l o w i n g information:

• Location of scheduled work.• Date and ant i c ipat ed duration of work.• Description of work and a p p l i c a b l e procedure designation.

The Work Supervisor shal l contact the Ass i s tan t S a f e t y Representative as early as p o s s i b l e(but not less than 48-hours prior to work init iat ion in non-emergency s i tuat ions) and providethe f o l l o w i n g minimum informat ion:

• Location of scheduled work.• Date and ant i c ipated duration.• Descript ion of work and a p p l i c a b l e procedure designation.• A p p r o x i m a t e size of work crew.• Documentation of OSHA c e r t i f i c a t i o n in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 for

all assigned crew.Any cancel lat ion of schedule work or changes in the locat ion, scheduled date, or de s cr ip t i onof the work that occurs a f t e r the 48-hour advanced notice and be fore the work beings shallrequire immediate n o t i f i c a t i o n of the Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representative.4.1.3 Emergency ResponseAny regulated ac t ivi ty d e f i n e d in S e c t i o n 2.0 is considered an Emergency Response when thef o l l o w i n g occurs:

• The situation poses an imminent and subs tantial threat to l i f e , h ea l th , or property.• The s i tuat ion requires work i n i t i a t i o n prior to the minimum 48-hour advance

n o t i f i c a t i o n requirement in the Management Plan.17

96136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Manjgemtra Plan OU7 October 15. IW. Laa Revision 3.0 May 9. 200:

GEI Consul tant s , Inc.

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002

To encourage the impl ementa t i on of emergency response procedures only for trueemergencies and not for routine operations, the Plan e s tab l i sh e s the f o l l o w i n g s i tuationsinvolving regulated act ivi t i e s on the a f f e c t e d streets as j u s t i f i c a t i o n for an EmergencyResponse:

• Gas main break• Water main or water service l ine break• Sanitary sewer break• A c c i d e n t a l or catas trophic damage caused by human error or acts of God that

result in major d i s rup t i on s to t r a f f i c control, t e l ephone communications, orelectrical power.

All other regulated ac t iv i t i e s shal l require the approval of the Plan Admini s t ra tor be fore anyemergency response is i n i t i a t e d .When an Emergency Response is necessary, the Program Admini s t ra t o r and the Ass i s tan tS a f e t y Representative must be n o t i f i e d immediately. The C i t y shall maintain an assignedemergency work crew and alternates to p er f orm work in emergency situations. The membersof the emergency work crew and al t ernate s shall receive a general b r i e f i n g regardingemergency response procedures at least annually or as new members are assigned. Allpersonnel assigned to the Emergency Work Crew must have completed all mandatorytraining required in S e c t i o n 6.1.1. Emergency Work Crews, under the supervision of aproper ly trained Work Superv i s or , shal l make a continuous on-site e f f o r t to c omply with thisp l a n until such time that the P l a n has in fac t been f u l l y implemented .4.1.4 Work Observation and DocumentationThe Ass i s tan t S a f e t y Representat ive shall observe and document all f i e l d act ivi t ie s throughand inc lud ing d i s p o s i t i o n (replacement or removal f rom the job s i t e) of radioactivecontaminated materials encountered. The Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representative shall have theauthorities and r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s as d e f i n e d in S e c t i o n 2.3.6 of this document. In general, theAss i s tan t S a f e t y Representative shall have authority to direct aspects of work activitiesrelated to contaminated material s in order to ensure worker, as well as p u b l i c , heal th ands a f e t y and proper management of c on t ro l l ed materials. The representative shall preparewritten documentation of all a spec t s of the p r o j e c t , i n c l u d i n g items such as pho t ograph i crecords, personnel monitoring, contamination readings, etc. in accordance with the a p p l i c a b l eS p e c i a l Condi t ions Procedure. All information shall be compiled and maintained in both the

1896136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Manat j emmi Plan OU7 October IS. I9W. Usl Revision 3.0 May 9. :002

G E I C o n s u l t a n t s , I n c .

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r ' s f i l e s , and d u p l i c a t e copies shall be provided to the appropr ia t eP u b l i c Works Division f or f i l e inclusion.

199 6 I 3 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 Oaober 15, 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 200:



S e c t i o n 5 - P e r m i t t i n g Procedures -P u b l i c U t i l i t i e s ,Contrac t or s , and Out s id eService s5.1 GeneralA r t i c l e VIII of Chapt er 49 of the C i t y and County of Denver Revised Muni c ipa l Coderequires that a written permit be obtained to disturb the ground or pavement in any pub l i cright-o f-way i n c l u d i n g any streets or a l l e y s within the city. The a p p l i c a n t for a permit shal ladhere to the permit a p p l i c a t i o n procedures as d e f i n e d in A r t i c l e VIII of C h a p t e r 49.N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g those procedures as d e f i n e d , the a p p l i c a n t shal l a d d i t i o n a l l y conform to thef o l l o w i n g procedures.All permit a p p l i c a t i o n s shall be reviewed to a l l ow the C i t y to make a Determination ofS p e c i a l Condi t i on s wherein certain condi t ions shall be employed to protect worker as well asp u b l i c heal th and s a f e t y whenever work activities are to be conducted on Denver RadiumS t r e e t s (DRS). Thes e procedures have been deve l oped to provide a means of i d e n t i f y i n g allproposed work ac t iv i t i e s that could p o t e n t i a l l y encounter contaminated materials in thea f f e c t e d streets. Further, these procedures provide the mechanism for ensuring that allact ivi t i e s conducted on or in a f f e c t e d streets are conducted under the direct observation of theAssi s tan t S a f e t y Representative. Job site observation and monitoring in turn, providethorough and c o m p l e t e documentat ion of work act ivi t i e s , which is s t i p u l a t e d by thein s t i tu t ional controls a spec t s of the Record of Decision for Operable Uni t 7 of the DenverRadium ( C E R C L A ) S u p e r f u n d S i t e .5.2 Genera l P e r m i t t i n g ProceduresInasmuch as all regulated ac t iv i t i e s , as d e f i n e d in S e c t i o n 2.0 of this Plan, require thea p p l i c a n t to secure a Stre e t Occupancy Permit ( F o r m T/E 47; Rev. 3/87) to per form servicesrequiring vehicles or equipment to occupy said street or a l l ey , all a p p l i c a n t s shal l be requiredto ini t ia t e the permit a p p l i c a t i o n process at the P u b l i c Works Permits counter, located in theatrium (street l e v e l ) area of the Department of Publ i c Works o f f i c e s at 2000 West 3 r d

Avenue. In a d d i t i o n to the Stree t Occupancy Permit, it w i l l be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of thea p p l i c a n t to obtain all other necessary permits and, if necessary, contact the ConstructionEngineering Division and Neighborhood S u p p o r t Services to determine which permits arerequired.

2096136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Mamnjemem Plan OU7 October H. I<W3. Lao Revision 3.0 May 9. :002



5.2.1 Description of Work LocationThe a p p l i c a n t shall provide an accurate d e p i c t i o n of the work loca t ion in the sketch areaprovided on Form T/E 47 (Rev. 3 / 8 7 ) in a d d i t i o n to a d e s c r i p t i o n of the street occupancyl o ca t i on , and submit such i n f o r m a t i o n to the P u b l i c Works Permits Representat ive present.5.2.2 Clearance ConfirmationThe Public Works Permits Representative shall i d e n t i f y the applicant's work location on theService Area Map which shall be po s t ed at all times in the P u b l i c Works Permits counterarea. If the work locat ion fa l l s OUTSIDE the S p e c i a l Cond i t i on s Area, the Representativeshal l write the notation "Clear D R S " , along with the R e p r e s e n t a t i v e ' s i n i t i a l s , in the sectionprovided for addi t i onal comments. The a p p l i c a n t is then fr e e to continue the p e r m i t t i n gprocess in accordance with regular procedures ( s p e c i f i e d in A r t i c l e VIII of Chapt er 49 of theRevised Munic ipal C o d e ) with no special condi t ions attached other than those that are c l ear lyindicated.However, when the appl i cant ' s work lo ca t i on i s i d e n t i f i e d INSIDE the S p e c i a l Cond i t i on sArea, the Representative shall write the notation " S u b j e c t to S p e c i a l Condi t i on s DRS", alongwith the R e p r e s e n t a t i v e ' s i n i t i a l s , in the section provided for add i t i ona l comments. ThePubl i c Works Permits Representative shal l then direct the a p p l i c a n t to the a p p r o p r i a t eDivisional Designated Person, and forward a copy of the Permit A p p l i c a t i o n to same.5.3 S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s DRS P e r m i t t i n g ProcedureEach Ci ty Publ i c Works Division overseeing any regulated act ivi t ie s ( S e c t i o n 2.0) shall havee s tab l i shed a Divisional Designated Person to coordinate imp l emen ta t i on of any workact ivi ty on an a f f e c t e d street. The Divis ional Designated Persons have r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s ,authorities and shall be subject to minimum q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , as e s tabl i shed in Sec t i on 2.3.4.A p p l i c a n t s who are sub j e c t to S p e c i a l Condi t i on s DRS shal l proceed to the DivisionalDesignated Person of the appropr ia t e Publ i c Works Division and provide comple t ed PermitA p p l i c a t i o n materials and s u p p o r t i n g documentation as deemed necessary by the DivisionalDesignated Person. The Divisional Designated Person shall issue the Permit subjec t toS p e c i a l Cond i t i on s DRS by p r o v i d i n g the a p p l i c a n t with a written copy of the a p p r o p r i a t eS p e c i a l Condi t i on s Procedure (1 through 4) d e f i n e d in the "Spec ia l C o n d i t i o n s ProcedureNot i c e " for the subject work activity. S p e c i a l Cond i t i on s Procedures are presented inA p p e n d i x C of this Plan and are based on the f o l l o w i n g general ac t ivi ty categories:

21% 136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan Of? October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 2002

S p e c i a l ReferenceGeneral A c t i v i t y Category C o n d i t i o n s Procedure A p p e n d i xPavement Repair, Replacement,and M o d i f i c a t i o n 1 A p p e n d i x C-lTrenching and U t i l i t y Cuts 2 A p p e n d i x C-2Demoli t ion Operations 3 A p p e n d i x C-3The Divisional Designated Person shall provide a thorough verbal presentation of thecontents therein and secure from the A p p l i c a n t a signed document evidencing that A p p l i c a n thas received and f u l l y understands the de s ignated S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedures that arerequired to address work act ivi t i e s in areas a f f e c t e d by radioactive contamination, in c lud ingimpact s on p u b l i c and worker heal th, s a f e t y concerns, temporary storage of contaminatedmaterials, transport, and f i n a l d i s p o s a l .P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s and private enti t ie s who regularly p e r f o r m S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedures orwho may p e r f o r m non-permitted or emergency ac t iv i t i e s as described in Sec t i on 2.2.1 havethe o p t i o n of e s tab l i sh ing on f i l e at the C i t y all signed documents required by the Plan.The Divisional Designated Person wi l l in f orm the a p p l i c a n t of the A B S O L U T E requirementfor coordination of ALL work ac t iv i t i e s with the Ass i s t an t S a f e t y Representative.5.3.1 Work InitiationBefore i n i t i a t i n g any work on a S p e c i a l Cond i t i on s Procedure the Operator shall contact theAssi s tan t S a f e t y Representative as early as practical (but not less than 48 hours prior to thein i t i a t i on of work, except in the case of an emergency response as d e f i n e d in 5.3.2) andprovide the f o l l o w i n g minimum informat ion:

• Location of scheduled work.• Date and ant ic ipated duration.• Descr ipt ion of work and a p p l i c a b l e procedure des ignation.• A p p r o x i m a t e size of work crew.• S i t e - s p e c i f i c H e a l t h and Safe ty Plan

22%l?6 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. I 9 9 3 . Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Management PlanC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002• Documentation of OSHA c e r t i f i c a t i o n in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 for

all assigned crew.Any cance l la t ions of scheduled work, or changes in the lo ca t ion, s cheduled date, orde s cr ip t ion of the work, that occurs a f t e r the 48-hour advanced notice and be fore the workbegins shall require immediate n o t i f i c a t i o n of the Assi s tant S a f e t y Representative.It shall be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the Operator to prepare a S i t e - S p e c i f i c H e a l t h and S a f e t y Planwhich the Ci ty S a f e t y Representative wi l l review and approve during the 48-hour advancedn o t i f i c a t i o n period. It i s intended that S i t e - s p e c i f i c H e a l t h and Safety Plans be adapted from amodel p lan prepared for the Denver Radium S t r e e t s Site and should there fore requireminimal m o d i f i c a t i o n . It shall be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the Operator to ensure that allpersonnel to be assigned to such a work e f f o r t have received adequate training in accordancewith Sect ion 6.1 of this document and 29 CFR 1910.120.5.3.2 Emergency ResponseAny regulated act ivi ty d e f i n e d in S e c t i o n 2.0 is considered an Emergency Response when thef o l l o w i n g occurs:

• The situation poses an imminent and substantial threat to l i f e , heal th, or property,and,

• The s i tuation requires work ini t ia t ion prior to the minimum 48-hour advancen o t i f i c a t i o n requirement in the Management Plan.

To encourage use of emergency response procedures only for true emergencies and not forroutine operations the Plan has declared that only the f o l l o w i n g s i tuat ions involving regulatedactivit ies on the a f f e c t e d streets shal l require an Emergency Response:

• Gas main break• Water main or water service line break• Sanitary sewer break• Accidenta l of ca ta s t roph i c damage caused by human error or acts of God that

result in major d i s r u p t i o n s to t r a f f i c control, t e l ephone communications, orelectrical power.

2396136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002All other regulated act ivi t ie s shall require the approval of the Plan Admini s trator b e fore anyemergency responses are init iated.When an Emergency Response is necessary, the Program Admini s t ra t or and the Ass i s tantS a f e t y Representative must be n o t i f i e d immediate ly. The Operator shall maintain anassigned emergency work crew and alternates to p e r f o rm work in emergency situations. Themembers of the emergency work crew and alternates shall receive a general b r i e f i n gregarding emergency response procedures at least annually or as new members are assigned.All personnel assigned to the Emergency Work Crew must have comple t ed all mandatorytraining required in S e c t i o n 6.1.1. Emergency Work Crews shal l make a continuous on-sitee f f o r t to c omply with this p l a n until such time that the Plan has in fa c t been f u l l yimplemented.5.4 Work Observation and Documen ta t i onThe Ass i s tan t S a f e t y Representative shall observe and document all f i e l d act ivi t ie s throughand i n c l u d i n g d i s p o s i t i o n (replacement or removal from the job s i te) of radioactivecontaminated materials encountered. The S a f e t y Representat ive shall have the authoritiesand r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s as d e f i n e d in Sec t i on 2.3.5 of this document, and in general, the S a f e t yRepresentative shall have authority to oversee all aspects of work ac t iv i t i e s r e la t ing tocontaminated materials in a manner that ensures worker, as well as p u b l i c health and s a f e t yand proper management of contro l l ed materials. The representative shall prepare writtendocumentation of all aspect s of the p r o j e c t , i n c l u d i n g items such as pho t ograph i c records,personnel monitoring, contamination readings, etc. in accordance with the requirements ofthe Plan. All in f o rmat i on shall be compi l ed and maintained in the permanent f i l e .

24% 136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October 15. IW. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. JOCC


Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002

S e c t i o n 6 - Worker S a f e t y and H e a l t h6.1 GeneralThe pr in c ipa l f a c t o r in hazard control and worker hea l th and s a f e t y is training. Workerscannot guard against hazards if they are not aware of the dangers in their workplace.A l t h o u g h the C i t y i s not l e g a l l y sub jec t to the requirements of OSHA, the CFR t i t l e 29-part1910 regulat ions are used as a guide for this Plan.The basis for this Plan is EPA f i n d i n g that the Denver Radium Stre e t s were constructedu t i l i z i n g radioactive t a i l i n g s (the sandy waste residue r e su l t ing from radium and uranium orer e f in ing). The ta i l ing s residues have a p p a r e n t l y been used as an aggregate component inconcrete or a sphal t and in some lo ca t i on s also as road base fill or b a c k f i l l aroundunderground u t i l i t i e s . The s e t a i l i n g s are radioactive to varying degrees as evidenced bystudies conducted by the Co lorado Department of Pub l i c H e a l t h and Environment and theU.S. Environmental Protec t ion Agency (EPA). T h i s rad i oa c t iv i ty i s due to the presence ofthe uranium-238 decay series elements l i s t e d in T a b l e 6-1.There are f o u r primary pathways to humans working on Denver Radium S t r e e t s due to theabove-normal presence of these radioactive elements. The po t en t ia l pathways are: 1) directexposures, 2) inhalat ion of radon and radon daughters f r om radon decay, 3) inhalat ion ofairborne radioactive par t i c l e s , and 4) ingest ion of radioac t ive ly contaminated f o o d s or water.In the f o l l o w i n g sections, measures for c on tro l l ing and monitoring exposures, as well asdiscussion of the po t en t ia l magnitude for exposure via each pathway, are provided.Assessment of the radio log i ca l condi t ions is determined from previous s tudies and ex i s t ingreports, which are based on remedial actions impl emen t ed at other Operable U n i t s of theDenver Radium S i t e and similar site c o n d i t i o n s / o p e r a t i o n s .6.1.1 Mandatory Training and Medical SurveillanceThe Denver Radium S t r e e t s are Operable Unit 7 of the Denver Radium S u p e r f u n d S i t e and assuch, worker health and s a f e t y shall be regulated under OSHA as s t i p u l a t e d in 29 CFR 1910.Training and medical monitoring are covered under 29 CFR 1910.120 (e) and (f),respect ively. Workers working in the "control l ed area", or that may come into contact withcontaminated material , should fal l under the criteria s p e c i f i e d below.

• Workers on-site only oc ca s ional ly for a s p e c i f i c l i m i t e d task, and who areu n l i k e l y to be exposed over p e r m i s s i b l e exposure l i m i t s , shall receive a minimum

25W I J 6 0 2 - 0 5 - W Denver Radium Management Plan OUT October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. :00:


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002of 24 hours of instruction off the site, and a minimum of one day actual f i e l dexperience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.[ 2 9 C F R 1 9 1 0 . 1 2 0 ( e ) ( 3 ) ( i i ) jOn-site management and supervisors d i r e c t ly re sponsib le for , or who superviseemployees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shal l receive 40 hours initialtraining and three days of supervised f i e l d experience (the training may bereduced to 24 hours initial training and one day of f i e l d experience if the only areaof r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is employee s [as s p e c i f i e d above]) and at least 8 a d d i t i o n a l hourso f s p e c ia l i z ed training... [29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(4)]

TABLE 6-1U R A N I U M - 2 3 8 D E C A Y S E R I E S

ParentUranium-238Thor ium-234Protac t in ium-234Uranium-234Thorium-230Radium-226Radon-222 i a )

Polonium-2 18 | U )

L e a d - 2 1 4 < D ' c )

Bismuth-21 4( M

Polonium-21 5 W

Lead-210Bismuth-210Polonium-210Lead-206

H a l f - l i f e4.5 b i l l i o n years24 days1.2 minu t e s250 thousand years80 thousand years1 ,600 years3.8 days3 minute s27 minute s20 minu t e s0.0002 second22 years5 days140 daysS t a b l e

M a j o r Decay Produc t sA l p h aBeta, gammaBeta, gammaA l p h aA l p h aA l p h aA l p h aA l p h a , gammaBeta, gammaBeta, gammaA l p h aBetaBetaA l p h anone

Daught erT h o r i u m - 2 3 4Protac t inium-234Uranium-234Thor ium-230Radium-226Radon-222Polon ium-218Lead-214Bismuth-214P o l o n i u m - 2 1 4Lead-210Bismuth-210Polon ium-210Lead-206none

N o t e s :(a) An inert gas which behaves in accordance with k ine t i c mol e cu lar theory.( b ) S h o r t - l i v e d radon daught er s .(c) T h e s e e l ement s emit the m a j o r charac t er i s t i c gamma energies of the series with s i g n i f i c a n t

abundance and di s cre t e energies of: 0.61,1.12, 1.76, and 2.70 m i l l i o n e l e c t ronvo l t s (MeV).In a d d i t i o n to the i n i t i a l training s p e c i f i e d above, 8 hours of annual refresher training isrequired for both workers and supervisors.The C i t y Work Superv i sor , or in the case of a non-city work e f f o r t , the j o b s i t e supervisor,(herea f t er c o l l e c t i v e l y referred to as "Operator") shall be re spons ib le for insuring that all s i teworkers prov ide adequate documenta t ion c e r t i f y i n g OSHA heal th and s a f e t y training in

2606136 02-Oi-W Denver Radium Management Plan OL1?

G E I Consu l tan t s , Inc.October 15. IW. Last Revision 3.0 May9. 2001

Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120 to the Assi s tant S a f e t y Representative. Workers whocannot provide training c er t i f i ca t i on will be denied access to the "control area".The Program Admini s t ra t or shal l be r e spons ib l e for v er i fy ing that the C i t y S a f e t yRepresentative and Ass i s tan t S a f e t y Representatives have compl e t ed all required trainingin c lud ing O S H A 40-hour general training, OSHA 8-hour supervisors training, requiredhealth physic s , and radiation s a f e t y training. The C i t y S a f e t y Representative and Ass i s tantS a f e t y Representatives must be knowl edgeab l e about the primary substance of concern inadd i t i on to the other general hazards, which may be present.OSHA regulations also provide for mandatory employer provided medical surveillance forworkers at hazardous waste sites who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances at orabove permi s s i b l e exposure l i m i t s for 30 days or more a year [29 CFR 1910.120 (f)(2)(i)]. Itis un l ike ly that, with the p o s s i b l e except ion of the Assi s tant S a f e t y Representatives, that anyindividual workers will exceed 30 days of work in the a f f e c t e d streets. There f or e , theAss i s tant S a f e t y Repre s entat ive wi l l be subjec t to annual medical surveillance. For workerswho approach the 30-day l eve l , the Operator may, at his discretion, in s t i tu t e medicalsurveil lance on an employee-by-employee basis, or s p e c i f i c a l l y exc lude individualemployees from fur ther work ac t iv i t i e s in the a f f e c t e d streets for the remainder of the one-year period.6.1.2 Radiation Exposure ConcernsH e a l t h hazards of radiation are pr imari ly due to the ionizing nature of a lpha and betapar t i c l e s and gamma rays. lonizat ion is the process in which electrons surrounding an atomare f o r c i b l y e j e c t ed from their orbits. Biological tissue is made up of chemical compoundsthat are composed of atoms. When exposed to ionizing radiation, electrons are d i s p l a c e d ,and there is physical damage to the c e l l s containing the atoms that have los t their electrons.The longer the duration and the higher the concentration of exposure, the greater the damageto the c e l l s and, consequently, the tissue involved.The dominant heal th hazard from decay of uranium-238 is due to the decay produc t s ofradium-226, and its 8 short-lived and h i g h l y radioactive daughters as shown in T a b l e 6-1.External whole-body exposure to radiation is p o s s i b l e through gamma rays and, to a smalldegree, beta par t i c l e s . S i n c e gamma radiat ion is h igh ly penetrat ing, it can cause cell damageto the entire body; as such, all organs are at risk.Beta par t i c l e s produce heal th e f f e c t s s imilar to those r e su l t ing from a l p h a par t i c l e exposure.S i n c e beta par t i c l e s are more pene tra t ing, but much less ionizing than a l p h a p a r t i c l e s , theprimary exposure pathway is penetration through the skin. In any case, beta part i c l e s aremuch less pene trat ing than, and are overshadowed by the e f f e c t s of the h i g h l y pene tra t ing

2796136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 3002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002gamma rays. T h e r e f o r e , a more comprehensive treatment of gamma radiation is given inS e c t i o n 6.1.2.1.Exposure concerns r e la t ing to a l p h a and beta p a r t i c l e s are due pr imari ly to inhalation oringestion. In the case of the Denver Radium S t r e e t s , thi s involves, for the most part,radioactive materials becoming attached to dust p a r t i c l e s , which can be either inhaled oringested. The s e concerns are addressed in S e c t i o n s 6.1.2.2, 6.1.2.3, and 6.1.2.4 of thisdocument.6.1.2.1 Direct Gamma ExposureAs shown in T a b l e 6-1, several daughters (decay p r o d u c t s ) of uranium-238 emit s i g n i f i c a n tgamma radiation. Hence , the contamination present within a f f e c t e d streets is a source ofexternal gamma radiation exposure to workers who repair, resurface, or excavate intocontaminated locations. Past measurements of the gamma radiation l eve l s on these streetsdetermined that a true exposure rate at waist level (3 f e e t above ground) can reach 50microroentgens 1 per hour, with an estimated average of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 37 microroentgens perhour (uR/hr.). For comparison, the normal background gamma exposure rate for the Denverarea varies f r om 14 to 22 uR/hr. Background gamma radiation is due to cosmic andterrestrial components, which vary throughout the world. Denver's background gamma dueto the terrestrial component is mos t ly from a na tura l ly occurring soil-rock radium-226content approx imat ing 2 p C i / g . 2 Comparing this level to the maximum 123 p C i / g measuredin asphalt cores taken during the preoperat ional survey and l i s t e d in the PreoperationalSurvey Report dated March 1996, it is seen that Denver Radium S t r e e t s can reach 60 timesthe level (2 p C i / g ) of radium found in typ i ca l Denver area so i l s and rock.The Colorado Department of P u b l i c H e a l t h and Environment Rules and Regulat ionsPertaining to Radiat ion Control ( R H 4 . 6 . 2 ) currently sets the l imi t of 500 m i l l i r e m / y e a r fornon-radiation workers. For gamma radiat ion, it is assumed that a REM is equivalent to aroentgen. In keeping with current human radiation exposure p h i l o s o p h y that it be As Low AsReasonably Achievab l e (ALARA), the C i t y has chosen to f o l l o w a guidance documentpub l i sh ed j o i n t l y by the N a t i o n a l Council on Radia t i on Protect ion (NCRP) and theInternat ional Commission on Radio l og i ca l Prote c t ion (ICRP) which recommends a l imi t of

The roentgen is a unit which was d e f i n e d for r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n purpose s for p e o p l e exposed to p e n e t r a t i n g gamma radiat ion. Amicro roentgen (uR) i s o n e - m i l l i o n t h (1C)" 6 ) of a roentgen. A m i l l i r o e n t g e n (mR) i s one-thousandth (10°) o f a roentgen, or onethousand (10 3 )microroentgens .One p i c o C u r i e (pCi) i s o n e - m i l l i o n - m i l l i o n t h (IO' 1 2 ) of a Curie. The Curie i s a unit used to measure the amount of r a d i o a c t i v i t y in asubstance; one Curie represents 37 b i l l i o n radioac t ive d i s i n t e g r a t i o n s per second.

2896136 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. IW. Las Revision 3.0 May 9. MO:

GEI C o n s u l t a n t s , Inc .

Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002100 mR-year, e x c lud ing background and medical-re lated exposure to radiation. In addi t i on ,all pertinent regulations, including the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120 and the ColoradoDepartment of Publ i c H e a l t h and Environment Rules and Regulat ions Pertaining to RadiationControl wi l l be met at any given DRS work location. C a l c u l a t i o n s were performed toe s tab l i sh that expected exposures for individual C i t y DRS workers wi l l not exceed selectedpermis s ib l e exposure l i m i t s . C a l c u l a t i o n results are presented in T a b l e s 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4.T a b l e 6-3 shows that for the worst case scenario a worker requires in excess of 2000 hours ofexposure while working on the street surface or 284 hours of exposure while working in atrench to reach the 100 mi l l i r em yearly exposure l imi t for workers c l a s s i f i e d as non-radiationworkers.T a b l e 6-4 shows estimated exposure times for d i f f e r e n t ac t iv i t i e s performed on the a f f e c t e dstreets both on the street surface and below the street surface (trench work). In consul t ingT a b l e 6-4, it can be seen that a city worker p a r t i c i p a t i n g in all the street surface workperformed during the year has an expec t ed gamma radiat ion exposure time of 160 hours ( f o u rweeks at 40-hour weeks). Even if all work was performed at Marion Stree t between 9th and10th Avenues (the worst case scenario), the w o r k e r ' s exposure would be well below the 328hours expected to give a cumulative 100 mil l irem yearly gamma exposure. If the sameworker p a r t i c i p a t i n g in all the street surface activit ies also per formed all the WaterDepartment trench act ivi t i e s and this trench work was also at Marion Street between 9th and10th Avenues his add i t i ona l 21 hours of expected exposure time brings his total annualexposure to about 13 mi l l i r em, which is s t i l l s i g n i f i c a n t l y below the limit for a non-radiationworker.To insure that expected radiation exposures are within the acceptable range enabling C i t yworkers to be c l a s s i f i e d as non-radiation workers, a personnel monitoring p lan wil l bein s t i tu t ed . Radiation dose rates wi l l be monitored using a combination of area dosimetry anddose rate meters as determined by the C i t y S a f e t y Representative. Radiat ion survey data wi l lbe evaluated by the C i t y Safety Representative and made a part of each C i t y w o r k e r ' s record.The C i t y S a f e t y Representative wi l l use the data to determine future personnel monitoringneeds and, in the extreme case, s p e c i f i c a l l y exc lude individual employees from fur ther workact ivi t i e s should they approach the a l l o w a b l e 100 mil l irem l imi t for the remainder of theyear.Past measurements of gamma radiation l eve l s were taken above the street surface, where thepresence of uncontaminated a s p h a l t may be s h i e l d i n g the contaminated material. Removal ofa sphal t s h i e l d i n g by excavating into residues below the streets may lead to higher exposures.For this reason, every entry into an a f f e c t e d street wi l l be monitored by the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t yRepresentative equipped with a survey instrument. All phases of the entry w i l l be monitoredin terms of measured gamma exposure values to ensure that the actual gamma exposures donot exceed the l e v e l s used to e s t imate expected exposures for non-radiation workers. Themeasured gamma exposures wi l l be used to c a l c u l a t e t ime-weighted exposures for p r o j e c t

2996136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. IW. Las Revision 3.0 May 9. :003


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002workers. The calculated time-weighted exposures will be entered in the w o r k e r ' s permanentpersonnel records6.1.2.2 Radon and Radon Daughter InhalationRadon-222 (the daughter of radium-226, as shown in T a b l e 6 - 1 ) is an inert gas produced bythe decay of the parent radionucl ide . T h i s gas can migrate through the soil or other materialsand eventually be released to the atmosphere. For typical Denver air movement condit ions,the in growth of radon progeny near a source wi l l rarely reach 10 percent of equilibrium withthe maximum radon concentration. T h i s means that the total number of radon-222 daughtersbeing formed through radioactive decay of their parent are not expected to accumulate in agiven area long enough to cause a Working Leve l 3 b u i l d u p . T h i s is due to the rapiddi sper s ion of daughters by wind, barometric pressure changes, and thermal air currents, It isunl ike ly that the annual average outdoor radon progeny concentration at, or near, any sourceof radon in the a f f e c t e d streets wil l exceed 0.03 Working Level.Based on the above, and the ant i c ipated range of regulated act ivi t i e s , radon and radondaughter inhalation is NOT considered to be a concern at Operable Unit 7.6.1.2.3 Airborne Radioac t ive P a r t i c u l a t e Inhalat ionRadioactive par t i c l e s associated with soil or similar materials can become airborne due tonatural (e.g., wind) or human (excavat ion) forces. Once airborne, these par t i c l e s can beeasily inhaled, with subsequent exposure of the respiratory tract. G u i d e l i n e s for ac c ep tab l econcentrations of radionucl ide s in air have been deve l op ed and are presented in 10 CFR20.10034 and were subsequently adop t ed by C o l o r a d o Department of P u b l i c H e a l t h andEnvironment into its Rules and Regulations.

W o r k i n g Level (WL) - an atmospheric concentration of radon-222 daughters which w i l l d e l iv er 1 . 3 x l 0 5 MeV of a l p h a energy per l i t e rair in decaying to polonium-214.

4 Title 10, Code of Federal Regula t i on s , Part 20.1003.

3096136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October 15. 1993. Laa Revision 3.0 May 9. 200:


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9, 2002

TABLE 6-2E S T I M A T E D E X P O S U R E R A T E S A T R E P R E S E N T A T I V E D E N V E R R A D U I U M S T R E E T S I T E L O C A T I O N S

L o c a t i o n /I d e n t i f i c a t i o n

M o t e tDowningBet. 9 & 1 0 / ( A )CoronaBet. 7 & 8/(b)9 ' " Bet. Ogden &C o r o n a / ( C )11 In Bet. Race &V i n e / ( D )H u m b o l d tBet. 7 & 8/(E)MarionBet. 9 & 1 0 / ( F )L a f a y e t t eBet. 7 & 8/(G)YorkBet. 6 & 7/(H)23™ Bet.S t o u t & C a l i f . / ( l )

MaximumUnconnected

GammaW a i s t / G r o u n d

Level( K C P M )

N o t e 259.510.437.746.748.865.156.868.274.799.6Z1Z

132.878.8

112.158.1

107.941.558.1

MaximumTrueExposureRate

W a i s t / G r o u n dLevel

( M i c r oR / H o u r )N o t e 3

4267.329.634.735.945.240.546.942.456.642.475.444.863.733

61.323.6

33

G E I CoreS a m p l eLocat ion

DesignationN o t e 4B109

C210RC 3 1 1 C AC402RC501CC601RC719CC817RC902C

A s p h a l tT h i c k n e s s(inch)

N o t e S6.585666676

Radium 226Contamina t i onD e p t h I n t e r v a lBelow Top o f

A s p h a l t( i n c h )

N o t e 62 to 6.54 to 83 to 5

2.5 to 61 .5 to 6

1 to 62 to 62 to 7

1.5 to 6

Radium226

F r o m Pb214

( p i c oC i / g m )N o t e 7

9575123846192788523

P o t e n t i a lRadium 226Gamma I n -

Trench( M i l l i R / H r )

N o t e S0.2370.1870.3070.2100.1520.2300.1950.2120.057

TrueGammaExposureRate at

GroundLevel

( M i l l iR / H r ) )

N o t e 90.0670.0350.0450.0470.0570.0750.0640.0610.024

PotentialI n -TrenchGammaExposure

Rate( M i l l i

R / H r )N o t e 100.3040.2220.3520.2570.2090.3050.2590.2730.081

TrueGammaExposureR a t e l

MeterAboveStree t

( M i l l i R / H r )N o t e 110.0420.0300.0360.0410.0420.0420.0450.0330.024

N o t e s : S e e f o l l o w i n g page

9 6 I 3 6 0 2 - O S - 0 9 Denver Radium Management P b n O U ?

G E I C o n s u l t a n t s , I n c .31

October 15. IW, Lasi Revision .1.0 May 9. 2002

Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002T a b l e 6-2 N o t e s : •(1) Highe s t f ound Radium 226 concentrations. See F i g u r e 6-41-1, Vic ini ty Map, for approx imate locations ofcore locations.2 W a i s t level (1 meter) and ground level (0 meter) gamma l ev e l s in thousand counts per minute andreported as KCPM.(3) K C P M - T h o u s a n d s of counts per minute( 4 ) G a m m a l eve l s presented in C o l u m n 2 a d j u s t e d to true exposure rate based on a l inear regression best fit ofp l o t t e d PIC data in GEI February 1994 Report , Gamma Survey Data OU VII Stre e t s . True exposure rate= 0.568 x SPA -3 (KCPM + 8.20) (PIC - uR/hr).(5) PIC- Pressurized ionization chamber(6 Core locat ions e xh i b i t ing highes t f o u n d Radium 226 l eve l s in OU VII Stree t s . Locat ions of cores areshown in A p p e n d i x 0.(7) A s p h a l t thickness at location of core.(8) The interval in inches where core s a m p l e s have shown radium 226 contaminat ion to exist.(9) Radium 226 levels in core s a m p l e s based on Bam'nger Laboratories Inc. Gamma S p e c t r o s c o p y re su l t sf o r L e a d - 2 1 4 .(10) Equivalent Ra 226 Gamma in mR/hr based on:S c h i a g e r , K . J . , A n a l y s i s o f Radia t i on Exposures o n o r N e a r U r a n i u m M i l l T a i l i n g s P i l e s ,R a d i o l o g i c a l H e a l t h Data and Report s , July 1974, pages 411-425.Equivalent Ra 225 Gamma ( m R / h r ) = (2.5) x Deconvolved Ra 226 Concen tra t i on t o C i / g m l__3

(11) T r u e gamma exposure rates at ground level converted to m R / h r f r om C o l u m n 3 ground level value.(12) Poten t ia l gamma exposure level that could be encountered in excavat ing a trench at the locat ions of cores ampl e in Column 4. This value is the a d d i t i v e value of C o l u m n s 8 and 9 .(13) T r u e gamma exposure rate at 1 meter converted to m R / h r f r om C o l u m n 3 waste level value.(14) bet-between

329 6 1 J 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October 15. I 9 9 3 . Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002TABLE 6-3E S T I M A T E D H O U R S O F E X P O S U R E R E Q U I R E D T O R E C E I V E 1 0 0 M I L L I R E M

E X P O S U R E A T R E P R E S E N T A T I V E D E N V E R R A D I U M S T R E E T S I T EL O C A T I O N S

LocationI d e n t i f i c a t i o n 1 1 '

ABCDEF

GH

I

LocationD e s c r i p t i o n ' 1 '

DowningBet. 9 & 10

CoronaBet. 7 & 8

9m Bet.Ogden & Corona

11 in Bet. Race& V i n e

H u m b o l d tBet. 7 & 8

Marion Bet9 & 1 0

L a f a y e t t eBet. 7 & 8York Bet.

6 & 723ra Bet.

S t o u t & C a l i f .

Work A r e a ' 2 'W a i s t - l e v e l

In-tr enchW a i s t - l e v e l




In-trenchW a i s t - l e v e l

In- tr enchW a i s t - l e v e l

In- tr enchW a i s t - l e v e lIn-tr enchWai s t - l ev e l

In-tr ench

Es t imated Exposure Rate( M i l l i R / h r ) ( 3 )

0.0420.3040.0300.2200.0360.3520.0410.2570.0420.2090.0420.3050.0450.2590.0330.2730.0240.081

Est imated H o u r s ofExposure to

Receive 100 MilliRExposure

>2000328.9>2000454.5>2000284.1>2000389.1>2000478.5>2000327.9>2000386.1>2000366.3>20001234.6

Notes:( 1 ) S e e F i g u r e 6-11-1, Operab l e U n i t 7 S i t e V i c i n i t y M a p , f o r l o ca t i on s o f Denver Radium Stre e t s a n d h ighe s t

i d e n t i f i e d radium 226 core locat ions(2) W a i s t - l e v e l is a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 meter above the sur fa c e of the street.(3) Data f r om C o l u m n s 10 and 11 of T a b l e 6-2.

3396136 (C-OJ-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL ' October \'j. IW. Las Revision 3.0 Mav9. 200:


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002TABLE 6-4

S U M M A R Y O F E S T I M A T E D A N N U A L E X P O S U R E S F O R V A R I O U S WORKC L A S S I F I C A T I O N S

A c t i v i t yOn Stree tS u r f a c eP u b l i c Work sPaving Crew

A c t i v i t yI n T r e n c h( I n - g r o u n d )

Water Department CrewC l a m p repairS p l i t - p i p e r epa irW a t e r t a p sV a l v e workT r a f f i c Divi s ionT r a f f i c s ignal workContractorsC u r b / r a m p workWastewater DivisionM a n h o l e work

EstimatedMax. No. ofExposuresP e r Y e a r ( 1 )

10

33422

3

2

Est imatedT i m ePer Exposure( H o u r s ) ' 2 '

8.0

1.52.51.02.52.0

5.0

5.0

EstimatedAnnualExposure( H o u r s )

80.0T o t a l 80. O*3'

4.57.54.05.0T o t a l 21 .04.0

15.0

10.0T o t a l 29.0N o t e s :(1) Es t imated exposures per year are based on pas t o p e r a t i n g experience for an equivalent street area inDenver.Est imated time per exposure is based on field experience of Denver P u b l i c Works .( 2 )( 3 ) A given street s ur fa c e worker is a l l o t t e d 20 e ight-hour days of exposure time (160 hours), which areequivalent to 4 work weeks on the a f f e c t e d streets.

3496136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October \i. I 9 9 3 . Last Revision 3.0 May o. 200:


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002Based on an EPA Contract Report dated A p r i l 30,1988 (CH2M HILL, 1988), there aretwelve ( 1 2 ) Denver Radium Street sites that can be c learly d e f i n e d as having radioactivitythat exceeds expected background levels . Figur e 4-20 of the report indicates that nine (9)Denver Radium Stree t locat ions have surface or near-surface radium-226 concentrationsexceeding the EPA remedial action level promulgated by 40 CFR 192.12.Evaluated radiation is associated with material s incorporated into, or underlying, the streetpaving surface. There is a concern that disturbance of pavement materials on any a f f e c t e dstreet could result in the po t en t ia l inhalat ion of airborne radioac t iv i ty carried by re spirablepart i c l e s . Principal rad ionuc l id e s inc lude thorium-230, radium-226, polonium-210, andothers.6.1.2.4 Contamina t ed Material I n g e s t i o nRadiat ion exposure can occur through inge s t ion of radionuc l ide s in contaminated water, orf o o d . The p r o b a b i l i t y of human intake (worker or p u b l i c ) of contaminated water ( f r o msources associated with the Denver Radium S t r e e t s ) is considered in s i gn i f i can t because thewater s u p p l y in Denver is a p u b l i c water system, which is u n a f f e c t e d by the radioactivecontamination in Denver Radium Stre e t s . I n g e s t i o n of radioactive par t i c l e s on f o o d or otheringested products-could occur if workers or the pub l i c are a l lowed to eat, drink, chew gum ortobacco, or smoke in a control led area. Such ac t ivi t i e s shall be l imi t ed to those areas outs ideof designated contro l l ed area(s), and workers shall be required to thoroughly wash theirhands prior to engaging in such ac t iv i t i e s (see S e c t i o n 6.4).6.2 Gamma Exposure Contro lThe C i t y S a f e t y Representative and A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representatives shall be re spons ib l e formonitoring radiation dose rates prior to entry into a contro l l ed area and during act ivi t ie s ona f f e c t e d streets. Personnel gamma exposures w i l l be monitored using a combination of areadosimetry and dose rate meters. The Ci ty S a f e t y Representative shall be re spons ib le fordetermining exposure monitoring requirements and for record keeping of exposure-relateddata.Based on the resul t s of personal gamma radiation monitoring, the C i t y S a f e t y Representativewil l determine if exposures to site workers are within the gu ide l ine s outlined in S e c t i o n6.1.2.1 of this plan. The C i t y S a f e t y Representative wi l l m o d i f y required work proceduresand Site H e a l t h and S a f e t y P l a n s as necessary to insure pro t e c t i on of worker and p u b l i chealth and sa f e ty .

3596136 02-OS-09 Denver Radium Management P l a n O U ? October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 3002


Denver Radium S i t e Management PlanC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 20026.3 P a r t i c u l a t e Expo sure Contro lWhen dust is generated, or when s i g n i f i c a n t concentrations of airborne par t i cu la t eradionuc l ide s are measured within a contro l l ed area, measures shall be employed to reducesuch concentrations up to, and i n c l u d i n g at the di scre t ion of the Ci ty, c o m p l e t e cessation ofall work act ivi t ie s associated with par t i cu la t e generation. For control of par t i cu la t e s , watersprays or mists shall routinely be a p p l i e d to equipment or areas releasing p o t e n t i a l l yradioactive dusts. In cases of severe dust or airborne p a r t i c u l a t e concentration, i n c l u d i n gwindstorms, advance p lanning to control release of radioactive dus t s shall be per formed bythe Department of Publ i c Works with an awareness of the unique hazards involved.Measures such as i n s t a l l i n g a temporary cover over excavations may be necessary to reducethe po t ent ia l for radioactive dust release and di spersal because these work sites are locatedwithin a dense ly p o p u l a t e d area.The basic p o l i c y of the C i t y in d e a l i n g with intrusive act ivi t ie s on a f f e c t e d streets orintersections is to reduce the exposure to airborne contaminants to l eve l s As Low AsReasonably Achievabl e (ALARA). Any physical disturbance of a f f e c t e d streets orintersections has the p o t e n t i a l of produc ing dust composed of a mixture of a lpha- emi t t ingradionucl ide s , the i d en t i ty and concentrations of which are unknown. T h i s condi t ion requiresthe a p p l i c a t i o n of A p p e n d i x A of part 4 of the Co lorado Rules and Regulations Pertaining toRadiation Control. In these rules and regulat ions , T a b l e II Column I e s tabl i she s a level of9 x 10~13 \i Ci/ml as the a l l o w a b l e concentration of airborne radionuclide-bearing dusts forpro t e c t ion against radiation.Experience has shown that fill materials beneath asphal t surfaces are u n i f o r m l y moist whilethe asphalt i t s e l f is a t i g h t l y bound aggregate that may be radioac t ive ly contaminated ina f f e c t e d streets and intersect ions. Both of these l o ca l iz ed parameters mi t iga t e dustproduct ion and provide the basis for the O p e r a t o r ' s at tention being focused on gamma f l u xrather than dust l e v e l s associated with any act ivi ty that may breach the surface of an a f f e c t e ds tree t/ intersec t ion and expose contaminated sub-surfaces which may consist of previous lylaid asphal t surfaces and s u b - f i l l materials. The S a f e t y Representative is s t i l l required to bewa t ch fu l for visible dust in l o c a l i z e d work areas and is required to init iate a water mis t ingprocedure and the wearing of p r o p e r l y f i t t e d OSHA approved dust masks by workers if suchconditions persist.S p e c i f i c sa f eguard s (such as re spiratory protec t ion, etc.) against unnecessary inhalation ofairborne r a d i o p a r t i c u l a t e s shal l be undertaken if l ap e l s a m p l i n g , as determined by the S a f e t yRepresentative, indicate s such a need exists. Such fur ther s t ep s shall take into considerationrespiratory protec t ion fa c t or s and respiratory program d e t a i l s as s p e c i f i e d in the NRCRegulatory Guide RG 8.15 e n t i t l e d " A c c e p t a b l e Programs for Respiratory Protection", andmay incorporate cartridge-type respirators.

3696136 02 -05-09 Denver Radium Management P l a n O U 7 October IS. 1993. Last Revision 30 May 9. 20K


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9, 20026.3.1 Particulate Exposure in Street Cut or Demolition OperationsAll previous s tudie s done by EPA and Colorado Department of Publ i c H e a l t h andEnvironment contractors to evaluate radioactive contamination associated with a f f e c t e dstreets and intersect ions, without exception, show this contamination to be beneath theexi s t ing a sphal t paving now on the surface.5 6 7 A preoperation survey was per formed toevaluate the d e p t h to top of radioactive material exceeding background. Depths to the top ofcontamination range from less than 1 inch to over 6 inches below the asphal t surface. There sul t s of this preoperational survey are contained in A p p e n d i x D.To suppl ement worker s a f e t y and protec t ion during street cut or d emol i t i on operations, theC i t y and County of Denver will monitor workers and the work area by c o l l e c t i n g airbornep a r t i c u l a t e samples i n c l u d i n g breathing zone lape l sample s and high volume area samples.At the end of each s h i f t , the sample s wi l l be labe l ed and stored. A f t e r storing at least 24hours, the sample s will be analyzed for gross a lpha counts. Measured air concentrations thatexceed gross activity l i m i t s e s tab l i shed by the Colorado Department of Pub l i c H e a l t h andEnvironment wil l indicate the need for addi t i onal analyses and respiratory protec t ion forworkers. If Either the i d e n t i t y or the concentration of any radionuc l ide in the sample is notknown, the gross activity l imi t is 2x10"14 u C i / m l . S p e c i f i c rad ionuc l id e concentrations will bedetermined to obtain the on-site derived air concentration (DAC) for the part i cu lar activity.The actual radionuc l ide par t i cu la t e exposures for workers on site during the operation willbecome part of the permanent record. The f i l t e r s wi l l be stored for future analyses.6.4 I n g e s t i o n Expo sure Contro lWorkers shall be prohibi t ed from eating or drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, or smokingwithin control l ed areas. U p o n l eaving a control l ed area for purposes of eating, drinking,chewing gum or tobacco, or smoking, the worker shall thoroughly wash his hands prior tohandl ing substances for consumptive use.C o n t r o l l e d areas wil l be d e f i n e d by an exclusion zone e s tabl i shed around the work area. Theexclusion zone will be d e f i n e d by the use of barricades, f l a g g i n g , or f enc ing, adequate toprevent inadvertent entry by unauthorized persons.

5 T a s k Memorandum, J E G , J u n e 1985.6 ARIX Report, July 1982.7 C H 2 M H I L L ( R E M / F I T ) Report, A p r i l 1986.

3796136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1943. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. :002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9, 2002

6.5 Worker Exposure RecordsThe Ci ty S a f e t y Representative, in cooperation with the Ass i s tan t S a f e t y Representative,shall maintain current and compl e t e records of each individual workers presence on a f f e c t e dstreets work assignments, in c lud ing , but not l imi t ed to, the f o l l o w i n g :

• Name of employee• Soc ia l Securi ty Number• Date of birth• Work l o c a t i o n / d e s c r i p t i o n of work• Date(s) at site• T i m e on duty at s i t e / o f f duty at site• Work assignment of individual• Personal protec t ive equipment u t i l i z e d• Estimated true gamma exposure, expressed in m i l l i R e m s per monitoring period• Actual rad ionuc l id e par t i cu la t e exposure.

Worker exposure records wi l l be included in quarterly reports submitted to the ProgramAdmini s t ra tor where they wil l become part of the permanent record. The worker exposurerecords must be maintained i n d e f i n i t e l y as required by the Colorado Department of Publ i cH e a l t h and E n v i r o n m e n t ' s Rules and Regulations Pertaining to Radiation Control .Further, in accordance with Federa l and S t a t e of Colorado Rules and Regulations, no C i t y orContractor employee under the age of 18 shall be employed in, nor al lowed to enter, acontrol led area.

38% I 3 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


L E G E N DD E N V E R R A D I U M S I T E , S T R E E T SI N D I C A T E S O N E - W A Y T R A F F I C

[=•] L O C A T I O N O F P R E - O P E R A T I O N A L S U R V E Y

I N D I C A T E S H I G H E S TRa 226 CORE SAMPLEL O C A T I O N S 1.0S C A L E I N M I L E S

C I T Y A N D C O U N T YO F D E N V E R


D E N V E R R A D I U M S I T ES T R E E T S

P R O J E C T 9 6 1 3 6

V I C I N I T Y M A P

AUG. 1 996 | FIGURE 6-1

Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9, 2002

S e c t i o n 7 - Radium C o n t a m i n a t e dM a t e r i a l D i s p o s i t i o n7.1 Genera lIt is imperative that all aspect s of contaminated material d i s p o s i t i o n be carried out inaccordance with the ROD " M o d i f i e d N o - A c t i o n Alternat iv e" (U.S. E P A , 1986) as m o d i f i e dby the ESD ( U . S . , EPA, 1992). All procedures must also maintain conformance witha p p r o p r i a t e parts of the Rules and Regula t i on s Perta ining to Radia t ion Control for the S t a t eof Colorado and a p p r o p r i a t e sections of 49 CFR 173 regulatory s tatutes governingtransportat ion of radioact ive contaminated materials.Material d i s p o s i t i o n is based on the premise e s tabl i shed in the ROD and m o d i f i e d by theESD. The M o d i f i e d N o - A c t i o n A l t e r n a t i v e of the ROD c a l l e d for"... leaving thecontaminated material in place," and "... removing any contaminated material excavatedduring routine maintenance, repair or construction act ivi t i e s in the a f f e c t e d streets to af a c i l i t y approved for storage or d i s p o s a l of contaminated materials." The ESD m o d i f i e s theROD wherein "... the s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e and change to the original remedy relates to on-site retention and reburial of radium-contaminated material excavated during allmaintenance, repair or other construction activities." The ESD further e x p l a i n s that"... ins i tuations where the retention and reburial of contaminated materials is not f e a s i b l e , thematerials will be d i spo s ed of at a licensed o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t y consistent with the ROD."T h i s Plan interpret s the ROD and the ESD to mean that contaminated material, if and only if,disturbed through routine maintenance, repair or construction act ivi t i e s , shall be removed( f r o m the s i t e) for temporary storage at an approved temporary storage f a c i l i t y or d i spo sa l atan approved N O R M / T E N O R M waste d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t y only in s i tuations where retention andon-site reburial are not a l lowed under this Management Plan. In situations where retentionand on-site reburial are a l lowed under the Plan, the operator s t i l l has the op t i on ofpermanent ly d i s p o s i n g of contaminated materials at a l icensed o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t yconsistent with the ROD.7.1.1 Contaminated MaterialThe a f f e c t e d streets are deemed "contaminated" if the a f f e c t e d streets contain material s thatexceed the remedial action standard for radium in contaminated land as promulgated in 40CFR 192.12. 5 p C i / g of radium-226 above background"! Therein it is d e f i n e d that remedialactions shall be conducted so as to provide reasonable assurance that as a result of residualradioact ive materials f r om any de s ignated proce s s ing site:

3996136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OUT October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9, 2002In general, the contaminated areas within Operable Unit 7 normal ly wi l l be encountered as:1) pavement layers which contain radium contaminated aggregates, or 2) radiumcontaminated s o i l s found in irregular conf igurat ions and at varying dep th s beneath thepavement. The f o l l o w i n g material c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s have been es tabl i shed in conformance withthe 40 CFR 192.12 d e f i n i t i o n s . In e s t ab l i s h ing the f o l l o w i n g c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , normalbackground at the a f f e c t e d streets is considered to be 2 p C i / g , or the equivalent of 20 uR/hras measured at the material surface. Material hand l ing procedures shall be based on thematerial c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .Background Material: Materials that contain 7 p C i / g or less radium-226.[For purpose s of this Plan, these materials are to be considered as not contaminated and arenot subjec t to special h a n d l i n g procedures.]Contaminated M a t e r i a l ; Mater ia l s that contain greater than 7 p C i / g radium-226.

7.2 M a t e r i a l D i s p o s i t i o n G u i d e l i n e sD i s p o s i t i o n of contaminated Radium Stree t S i t e s materials requires retention and reburial, iff e a s i b l e , or d i spo sa l at a licensed o f f - s i t e f a c i l i t y . Di spo s i t i on of contaminated materials off-site requires transport in accordance with 49 CFR 173 and d i spo sa l at a licensed NORM orT E N O R M waste f a c i l i t y . It wi l l be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f the City' s on-site Work Supervisor,or the non-City on-site Operator, to ensure that no contaminated materials are transported inany manner not meeting the requirements s t i p u l a t e d in 49 CFR 173. S m a l l quantities ofcontaminated materials may be stored at a licensed temporary site prior to f ina l d i s po s i t i on .S p e c i f i c procedures for h a n d l i n g contaminated materials are out l ined in A p p e n d i c e s C-l ,through C-3.The transport of "radioactive material" as d e f i n e d in 49 CFR 173.403(y) includes "anymaterial having a s p e c i f i c ac t iv i ty greater than 0.002 microCuries (2000 pCi)." U n i f o r mHazardous Waste Mani f e s t s , as appropriate , shall be maintained by the Ci ty in the permanentf i l e of the Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r with copies inc luded in the permit f i l e to be maintained bythe appropr ia t e Division Designated Person.7.2.1 Retention and ReburialExcavated radium-contaminated materials shall be retained and reburied on-site, if f e a s i b l e ,provided the area excavated is le s s that 20 percent of the total area of the roadway in one c i tyblock. Areas exceeding the 20 percent l imi t require a special variance from the ColoradoDepartment of Publ i c H e a l t h and Environment. Contaminated material handl ing proceduresare described in conjunct ion with S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedures in A p p e n d i c e s C-l throughC-3

40W136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU1 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002



At no time shall contaminated material be reburied in an excavation that contains any freewater. Any free water shall be pumped from the excavation and handled as described inS e c t i o n 7.2.2 under Water in Excavations. After the free water is removed, the excavationshal l be b a c k f i l l e d with uncontaminated materials to a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 inches above thenormal ground water level indicated by wet materials observed on the sides of theexcavation.Best e f f o r t s must be employed to ensure that excavated contaminated material is replaced ina dry excavation and adequate ly marked to provide a warning for fu ture excavations in thearea. The location of the reburied materials wi l l be documented in de ta i l and retained as partof the permanent record.In all cases, care must be taken to ensure that materials as materials are accumulated duringthe execution of a work activity, remain inside the control led area and/or are adequate lysecured from p u b l i c access p end ing reburial or removal from the site. If accumulatedmaterials are not removed or reburied by the end of the work day, the contaminated materialsmust be contained ins ide the c on t ro l l ed area and adequate ly pro t e c t ed from d i sper s i on bywind or moisture until such time that the materials are removed or reburied.7.2.2 Water in ExcavationsRadioactive materials present in the Denver Radium S t r e e t s have been exposed to moisturein the environment for many decades. Any so lub l e radium salt s have most l i k e l y beenleached from the so i l s over the years. T h e r e f o r e , water in the so i l s should not containappr e c iab l e amounts of radium in solution. However, suspended s o l i d s in the water wi l l beconsidered p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated and handled accordingly. When free water isencountered in an excavation, as a result of natural groundwater, a break in a water or sewerl ine, or for any other reason, contaminated mater ia l s shall not be reburied in that excavationuntil the free water is removed. Water pumped from the excavation wil l be contained,monitored and treated if necessary to prevent releasing contaminated water to the sanitarysewer or storm water system. Water wi l l not be released to a sanitary sewer or storm watersystem if the water contains radionuclide concentrations exceeding the l imi t ing values set bythe Colorado Department of Pub l i c H e a l t h and Environment. T h i s l i m i t i n g value is 6 x 10"7

microcurie per m i l l i l i t e r ( u C i / m l ) when either the i d e n t i t y or the concentration of the mixtureis not known. Treatment to remove contaminated sediment in the water may inc ludesedimentat ion, decanting, and f i l t r a t i o n . If the water f l o w rate or water volume is too great tocontain on-site, every e f f o r t shal l be made to contain the water as l ong as p o s s i b l e to a l lowse t t lement of suspended s o l i d s . S h o u l d the water p l a n be s u f f i c i e n t to overtop the container,then the suspended s o l i d s remaining in the water will most l i k e l y be h igh ly d i l u t e d . Thesediment shal l be surveyed and handled in accordance with the provisions of the Plan.

4196136 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Management PlanOL'7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMay 9, 20027.2.3 Water Generated by Coring or Sawing Asphalt PavementS m a l l volumes of water generated during coring or sawing the contaminated pavement wi l lbe monitored. Laboratory analyses of water generated during previous coring operations inthe contaminated streets indicated that di s so lved radium concentrations are below the l imi t sset by the Colorado Department of P u b l i c H e a l t h and Environment for annual averageconcentrations of radioactive materials in l iquid e f f l u e n t s released to unrestricted areas. Anysediment accumulations d epo s i t ed by the generated water shall be surveyed and handled inaccordance with the provisions of the Plan.7.2.4 Interim StorageS m a l l volumes of material that require removal and o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l shall be drummed andtransported in accordance with all a p p l i c a b l e packaging, storage, and transportat ionrequirements to an approved* temporary storage f a c i l i t y for u l t imate shipment to an approvedN O R M / T E N O R M waste d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t y . The quanti ty required to q u a l i f y as a small volumeshall be determined on a case-by-case basis by the C i t y with consideration of the cost ofh a n d l i n g and d i spo sa l and space a v a i l a b i l i t y at the temporary storage f a c i l i t y .7.2.5 Contaminated Material DispositionLarge volumes of material, as determined by the C i t y based on the cost of handl ing andd i s p o s a l , shall be bulk loaded or drummed and transported in accordance with all a p p l i c a b l epackaging, storage, and transportat ion requirements to an approved N O R M / T E N O R M wastedi spo sa l f a c i l i t y .

A p p r o v e d s h a l l be construed to mean either "licensed", or as authorized ( d e s i g n a t e d ) by the Colorado Department of Pub l i cH e a l t h and Environment, Divi s ion of Radiat ion C o n t r o l .

4296136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. 1993. Las Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMay 9, 2002

S e c t i o n 8 - P l a n Revisions8.1 Genera lDuring i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of the Management Plan it may become necessary to revise the Planto address changes in personnel, procedures or other pertinent in format ion. All revisions tothe Plan wi l l be indexed according to the revision number, the revision approval date , and therevision(s) p er f ormed . The Revision I n d e x w i l l be located at the front of the ManagementPlan.8.2 ProceduresEach recommended Plan Revision shall be submitted in l e t t er f orm to the ProgramA d m i n i s t r a t o r and to the C i t y S a f e t y Representative for their review. The Plan Revisionl e t t e r shall f o l l o w the format of the Management Plan and shall contain the entire section orsections to be revised in a f orm that a l l o w s the e x i s t i n g s e c t i on(s) to be removed from thePlan and the revised s e c t i o n ( s ) inserted. If the recommended Plan Revision is approved bythe Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r and the C i t y S a f e t y Representative, the recommended PlanRevision le t t er will be submitted to the Radiat ion Control and the Hazardous Mater ia l s andWaste Management Divis ions of the Colorado Department of Publ i c H e a l t h andEnvironment (Colorado Department of P u b l i c H e a l t h and Environment) and to the U.S. EPARegion VIII (EPA). The Program Admini s trator will a l l ow 30 days for comments from theEPA and Colorado Department of Pub l i c H e a l t h and Environment. A f t e r the 30 daycomment per iod , the Program Manager may make a d j u s t m e n t s in the recommended PlanRevision to incorporate EPA and Colorado Department of Public H e a l t h and Environmentcomments. Upon f i n a l approva l , the Plan Revision wi l l replace the a p p r o p r i a t e sections inthe Management Plan and the Revision I n d e x located at the f ront of the Plan w i l l be upda t edto show the revision. Each page of the Plan Revision shall have the revision number and therevision date in the lower right hand corner of the page.In the event that it becomes necessary to m o d i f y the p l a n under an emergency condit ion orduring a si tuation where the 30 day comment period is not f e a s i b l e , the ProgramAdmini s t ra t or shall coordinate with the C i t y S a f e t y Representative, and representatives fromthe Colorado Department of P u b l i c H e a l t h and Environment and EPA to meet on-site todetermine a p p r o p r i a t e actions. If the a p p r o p r i a t e actions are out s ide the scope of, or inc o n f l i c t with the Plan, such actions taken shall be documented as an A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Changeand signed by each person involved in de t ermining the a p p r o p r i a t e actions. If a permanentrevision to the Plan is required, the P l a n Revision process described above shall be in i t ia t ed

439 6 l 3 6 0 : - 0 5 - 0 ° D e n v e r Radium Manat j ement Plan OU7 October IS. I 9 9 3 . Ua Revision 3.0 Ma> 9. :<X>2


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMay 9.2002as soon as prac t i cab ly p o s s i b l e f o l l o w i n g the impl ementa t i on of A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Change tothe plan.8.3 A p p r o v a l sEach Plan Revision shall be approved by the C i t y and County of Denver Manager of P u b l i cWorks , the Colorado Department of P u b l i c H e a l t h and Environment and the U.S. EPARegion VIII. Each Plan Revision l e t t e r wil l inc lude a signature page that shows the revisionnumber, the approval date and required approval signatures.

4496136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Monagcmail P l a n O U 7 October 15. IW. Usl Revision 3.0 May 1. 2003


P L A N R E V I S I O N I N D E XT h i s Management Plan contains the f o l l o w i n g major revisions:

RevisionN o .1

2

3

Date ofRevision Revisions Per f ormedI n c l u d e r e su l t s f r o m a p r e o p e r a t i o n a l survey on al l o f Operab l eU n i t V I I .M o d i f i e d methods used to monitor worker exposures.• Increa s ed min imum q u a l i f i c a t i o n s f o r S a f e t y Repre s en ta t iv ea n d A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Repre s en ta t iv e .U p d a t e d e s t imated exposure rates based on data f r o mp r e o p e r a t i o n a l survey.• A d d r e s s e d water generated d u r i n g coring and sawingact iv i t i e s .I n c l u d e r e su l t s of survey of 23rd S t r e e t p e r f o r m e d by the Ci ty .• E x p a n d the area of O p e r a b l e Unit 7 on 23rd S t r e e t .• General e d i t i n g to c lar i ty the text.• U p d a t e Pro j e c t Personnel• A d d e d A p p e n d i x C-3, S p e c i a l Procedure 4, D e m o l i t i o nOperat ions• Dele t e R o t o m i l l i n g S e c t i o n

Approved by:

M A N A G E M E N T P L A N R E V I S I O NF O R T H E D E N V E R R A D I U M S I T E S T R E E T S

( D E N V E R R A D I U M S I T E OPERABLE U N I T 7 )

Prepared by: GEI Consul tant s , Inc.Revision No. 3.0Date: May 9, 2002

Director Environmental ServicesCity and County of Denver

Date

A p p e n d i x A

Radium Stree t C o n t a m i n a t i o n ZonesARIX F i g u r e s 1-1 through 1-6

Poor Q u a l i t y S o u r c eDocumentT h e f o l l o w i n g d o c u m e n ti m a g e s have beenscanned f r o m th e besta v a i l a b l e source copy.

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Record of DecisionDenver Radium S i t e S t r e e t sOperable U n i t 7

Record o f D e c i s i o nR e m e d i a l A l t e r n a t i v e S e l e c t i o n

S i t e N a m e : . Denver R a d i u m S i t e S t r e e t sO p e r a b l e U n i t 7

S i t e L o c a t i o n : D e n v e r , C o l o r a d o

D o c u m e n t s R e v i e w e dI have r ev i ewed t h e f o l l o w i n g d o c u m e n t s d e s c r i b i n g t h e a n a l y s i s o ft h e r e m e d i a l a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r t h e D e n v e r R a d i u m S i t e S t r e e t s O p e r a b l e U n i t- D e n v e r R a d i u m S t r e e t s F e a s i b i l i t y S t u d y , p r e p a r e d f o r t h e E P AR e g i o n V I I I b y C H 2 M H i l l , J u l y 2 6 , 1985. '

- C i t y a n d C o u n t y o f D e n v e r r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s / c o m m e n t s o n F S .- C o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t " o f H e a l t h r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s / c o m m e n t s o n F S .- D O E r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s / c o m m e n t s o n F S p r e p a r e d b y B e n d i x F i e l dE n g i n e e r i n g C o r p , A u g u s t 2 9 , 1985.- E n d a n g e r m e n t A s s e s s m e n t ( A p p e n d i x A o f F S ) .- E ? A _ R e g i o n V I I I S t a f f r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s / c o m m e n t s o n F S .- G e n e r a l p u b l i c r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s / c o m m e n t s o n F S .- D e n v e r R a d i u m S i t e s D i s p o s a l M e t h o d S t u d V , p r e p a r e d f o r t h eC o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h b y Dame* & M o o r e , M a r c h , 1983.- E n g i n e e r i n g A s s e s s m e n t a n d R e m e d i a l A c t i o n P l a n f o r R a d i u mP r o c e s s i n g R e s i d u e s a t N i n e S t r e e t s a n d O n e A l l e y i n t h eC i t y a n d C o u n t y o f D e n v e r , C o l o r a d o , u n p u b l i s h e d R e p o r tp r e p a r e d f o r t h e C o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h b y A r i x , I n c . ,1 9 8 2 . '- L e t t e r f r o m C o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h d a t e d F e b r u a r y 1 8 , 1986c o n t a i n i n g c o m m e n t s o n t h e d r a f t S t r e e t s R O D .- M e m o r a n d u m d a t e d M a r c h 3 , 1986 f r o m P h i l i p N y b e r g t o J o h n B r i n kp e r t a i n i n g t o R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n S t a n d a r d s .- N a t i o n a l O i l a n d H a z a r d o u s W a s t e P o l l u t i o n C o n t i n g e n c y P l a n ,40 CFR P a r t 300.

_4- R e s p o n s i v e n e s s S u m m a r y , p r e p a r e d f o r E P A R e g i o n V I I I b y C H 2 M H i l l ,J a n u a r y 1 3 , 1 9 8 6 , ( a t t a c h e d ) .

- S t a n d a r d s f o r R e m e d i a l A c t i o n s a t I n a c t i v e U r a n i u m P r o c e s s i n gS i t e s , 4 0 C F R P a r t 192.- S u m m a r y - o f R e m e d i a l A l t e r n a t i v e S e l e c t i o n , E P A R e g i o n V I I I ,J a n u a r y 9 , 1986 , ( a t t a c h e d ) . .

D e s c r i p t i o n o f S e l e c t e d RemedyT h e E P A s e l e c t e d remedy c o m b i n e s f e a t u r e s o f e x c a v a t i o n a n d d i s p o s a lw i t h t h e M o d i f i e d N o A c t i o n A l t e r n a t i v e . T h i s remedy e n t a i l s :- l e a v i n g t h e c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l i n p l a c e ,- i m p r o v i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r o l s s o t h a t a l l r o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n c e ,r e p a i r , o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s b ygovernmen t a g e n c i e s , u t i l i t y c o m p a n i e s , c o n t r a c t i n g c o m p a n i e s ,a n d p r i v a t e i n d i v i d u a l s w i l l b e m o n i t o r e d , a n d- r e m o v i n g a n y c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l e x c a v a t e d d u r i n g r o u t i n e m a i n -t e n a n c e , r e p a i r , o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e ds t r e e t s t o a f a c i l i t y a p p r o v e d f o r s t o r a g e o r d i s p o s a l o f con-t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l .T h e E P A m a y s h a r e i n t h e c a p i t a l c o s t s o f d e s i g n i n g i m p r o v e d i n s t i -t u t i o n a l c o n t r o l s t o b e i m p l e m e n t e d b y t h e C i t y a n d C o u n t y o f D e n v e r .C o n s i s t e n t w i t h C E R C L A S e c t i o n 1 0 ^ ( c ) ( 3 ) , t h e S t a t e o f C o l o r a d o o r t h e C i t ya n d C o u n t y o f D e n v e r w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a s s u r i n g t h e p a y m e n t o f a i lf i r t u . r e c o s t s _ o f m a i n t a i n i n g a n d o p e r a t i n g t h e i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r o l s , i n -c l u d i n g p r o p e r d i s p o s a l o f a n y c o n t a m i n a t ' e o " m a t e r i a l e x c a v a t e d d u r i n g " r o u t i n em a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r , o r c o n s t r u c t i o n ~ a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s .

D e c l a r a t i o n sC o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e C o m o r a h e n s i v e E n v i r o n m e n t a l R e s p o n s e , C o m p e n s a t i o nt i o n , a n d L i a b i l i t y A c t o f 1980 ( C E R C L A ) , a n d t h e N a t i o n a l C o n t i n g e n c y P l a n( 4 0 C F R P a r t 3 0 0 ) , I have d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e s e l e c t e d r e m e d y d e s c r i b e e i nt h e p r e c e d i n g s e c t i o n a t t h e D e n v e r R a d i u m S i t e S t r e e t s O p e r a b l e U n i t i s ac o s t - e f f e c t i v e r e m e d y t h a t e f f e c t i v e l y m i t i g a t e s a n d m i n i m i z e s t h r e a t s t oa n d p r o v i d e s a d e q u a t e p r o t e c t i o n o f p u b l i c h e a l t h , w e l f a r e , a n d t h e e n v i r o n -ment . T h e . a c t i o n wil.l r e q u i r e f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e a c t i v i t i e sb y t h e S t a t e o f C o l o r a d o o r t h e C i t y , a n d C o u n t y " o f D e n v e r t o e n s u r e t h ec o n t i n u e d e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e r emedy. T h e s e _ a c t i v i t i e s w i l l b e c o n s i d e r e dpa_rt o f t h e a o o r o v e d a c t i o n a n d w i l l b e f u n d e d b y "the " S t a t e o f C o l o r a d o o rs u o d i v i s i o n t h e r e o f . T h e s e l e c t e d remedy i s t h e a l t e r n a t i v e w h i c h t h e S t a t eo f C o l o r a d o r e c o m m e n d e d i n i t s A u g u s t 1 2 , 1985 c o m m e n t s o n t h e F e a s i b i l i t yS t u d y . T h e S t a t e h a s r e v i e w e d a n d c o m m e n t e d o n t h e R e c o r d o f D e c i s i o n .

I have a l s o d e t e r m i n e d that th e a c t i o n b e i n g taken- i s a p p r o p r i a t e ,when b a l a n c e d a g a i n s t t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f T r u s t F u n d m o n i e s f o r u s e a to ther s i t e s . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e l i m i t e d o f f - s - i t e t r a n s p o r t a n d secured i s p o s i t i o n o f t h e c on tamina t ed m a t e r i a l recommended i n t h e i n s t i t u t i o n a lc o n t r o l s i s more c o s t - e f f e c t i v e than any o ther r e m e d i a l ac t ion and i sne c e s s ary t o p r o t e c t p u b l i c h e a l t h , w e l f a r e , o r t h e env ironment f r o m t h em i s u s e o f c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l excavated f r o m t h e Denver R a d i u m S i t eS t r e e t s O p e r a b l e U n i t i n t h e course o f a n y r o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r ,o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s .

3W e l l e s D a t eR e g i o n a l A d m i n i s t r a t o rR e g i o n V I I IU . S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y

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E x p l a n a t i o n o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e sDenver Radium S i t e S t r e e t sO p e r a b l e U n i t 7

COLORADO D E P A R T M E N T O F H E A L T HHazardous M a t e r i a l s and Was t e Management Divis ion

I N T E R O F F I C E C O M M U N I C A T I O NT O : T o m Looby

Dave S h e l t o n . ./;._ ••"F R O M : J o h n List '

.-vD A T E : S e p t e m b e r 22, 1992S U B J E C T : Record o f Deci s ion f o r Denver Radium S i t e O p e r a b l e Uni t V I I

T h e Record o f Dec i s i on ( R O D ) f o r Denver Radium S i t e O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I - S t r e e t s(OU VII) was s igned on March 24, 1986. S i n c e t h a t t ime several p o i n t s in the o r i g i n a lROD have been i d e n t i f i e d as n e e d i n g to be c h a n g e d . E?A has p r e p a r e d an E x p l a n a t i o no f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s ( E S D ) ( a t t a c h e d ) .

Tne reason f or t h i s E x p l a n a t i o n o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e t o t h e ROD i s t o a d d r e s sp r e v i o u s l y uncharac t er i z ed areas a n d manda t ory o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l u p o n e x cava t i on .

1. P r e v i o u s l y U n c h a r a c t e r i z e d AreasT w o a d d i t i o n a l c i t y b l o c k s a d j a c e n t t o t h e o r i g i n a l O U V I I have been f o u n d t o c o n t a i nr a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s o f s i m i l a r a c t i v i t y l e v e l s t o t h o s e f o u n d i n t h e resi o f O U V I I . T h etwo b l o c k s are the 900 b l o c k o f L a f a y e t t e S t r e e t and the 900 b l o c k o f M a r i o n S t r e e t , th etwo b l o c k s have been a d d e d to OU VTI in t h i s ESD.

2 . M a n d a t o r y P e r m a n e n t D i s p o s a l U p o n E x c a v a t i o nPermanent d i s p o s a l o f m a t e r i a l g e n e r a t e d f r o m each e x c a v a t i o n a t th e t ime o f g e n e r a t i o nhas been a s i g n i f i c a n t p r o b l e m in i m p l e m e n t i n g th e ROD. The p r i m a r y reasons f or t h i sare as f o l l o w s :

A. I n c r e a s e d risk and cumbersome d o c u m e n t a t i o n required f or h a n d l i n g ,s t o r i n g , t r a n s p o r t i n g a n d d i s p o s i n g o f numerous s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s o fc o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l s g e n e r a t e d by a v a r i e t y o f p u b l i c and p r i v a t eonr.mizations ou t weisih th e a s soc ia t ed b e n e f i t s r e a l i z e d uc OU VII.

B. Cost associated with i m m e d i a t e permanent d i s p o s a l of numerous smal lquant i t i e s o f c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l s excavated f r o m OU VII p l a c e s asubs tantial burden u p o n the C i t y o f Denver, u t i l i t y companie s , and p r i v a t econtrac tors involved in o p e r a ; ing, m a i n t a i n i n g , and u p g r a d i n g the ci tys t r e e t s and u t i l i t i e s w i t h i n OU VII. T n i s burden i s not j u s t i f i e d by theminimal reduc t ion of risk r ea l i z ed as a result of th i s p a t c h w o r k removal ofcontaminated m a t e r i a l s f r o m OU VII.

Tne ESD p r o v i d e s f o r reburial o f s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s o f t h e c o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t andpermanent d o c u m e n t a t i o n of the reburial l o c a t i o n . Eventual excavat ion and permanento f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l of al l o f the radium c o n t a m i n a t e d wastes in accordance wi th the ROD isa n t i c i p a t e d over the years as m a j o r u p g r a d i n g of the u t i l i t i e s , r e s truc tur ing of the s t r e e t s , .or change of use require excavation of areas e x c e e d i n g reburial l i m i t s p e c i f i e d in theE S D .T h i s E S D r e f l e c t s i n p u t f r o m t h e H a z a r d o u s M a t e r i a l s a n d W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t D i v i s i o n( H M W M D ) ; R a d i a t i o n C o n t r o l D i v i s i o n ( R C D ) ; A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l ' s O f f i c e - N a t u r a lResources Divi s ion ( A G O - N R ) ; t h e C i t y o f Denver; p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y ; a n d t h e U . S .Environmental P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( E P A ) .T h e a t t a c h e d d r a f t h a s been reviewed a n d a p p r o v e d b y H M W M D , R C D , a n d A G O - N Rs t a f f . Tne ESD ha s been f i n a l i z e d and i s c u r r e n t l y b e i n g r o u t e d f o r aooroval s i g n a t u r e s* <v fc * Wat EPA.W e a n t i c i p a t e t h e f i n a l c o p y t o b e p r e s e n t e d t o C D K f o r a p p r o v a l w i t h i n t h e week. W erecommend t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h i s E S D b y s i g n i n g i t u p o n i t s arrival . Y o u r p r i o r revieww o u l d be a p p r e c i a t e d so tha t any q u e s t i o n s or c o m m e n t s you may have can be a d d r e s s e ep r i o r t o r e c e iv ing t h e f i n a l i z e d c o p y f r o m E P A .P l e a s e f e e l f r e e to contac t me at 3 3 1 - 4 S 5 3 ./ c f

U N I T E D S T A T E S E N V I R O N M E N T A L P R O T E C T I O N A G E N C YW A S H I N G T O N , D.C. 20450

OP3 O L I O W A S T E A N D C M C P I C 5 N C Y « S 2 P C N 6 C

SEP 24 1992

M E M O R A N D U MS O B J 2 C T : B S D C o n s u l t a t i o n -S i t e OU VII '

T r a n s m i t t e d v i a F a x

Denver Radium S u p e r f u r . d

N a n c y T . BriscoaOW?i Reg iona l C o o r d i n a t o rT i s t RenderRemedia l P r o j e c t M a n a g e rT O :

The p u r p o s e o f this memorandum i s t o c c n f i r s H e a d q u a r t e r ' a s u p p o r to f t i s S e p r s n b a r , 1 9 S 2 E x p l a n a t i o n o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s ( 2 . S D )f o r Denver Radium S i t a , O p e r a b l e unit V I Z . C o n s u l t a t i c n r egard ing.this ZSD was conducted between Tii Render (Denver Radius ?J=K) ,:•N c i l i n a s a n j a l i a ( O W P S S e c t i o n C h i a f ) a n d N"ancy Briscoe (cw?sS a g i c n a l C o o r d i n a t o r ) o n S e p t e m b e r 2 3 , 1 9 S 2 .Becausa the ESD p r o p o s e s a r a l a t i v e l y minor f u n d a m e n t a l change inthe reîady ( e n - s i t e r e t en t i on and rei=urial of rad ium-ccn taminatadm a t e r i a l s excavated during routine or emergency maintenance orr e p a i r ) ; and because tha i r . c d i f i e d remedy v i s cons i s t ent with theras iady chcaen for th e n a j o r i - t y o f radium-ccntaninated m a t e r i a l s cn-s i t a / ' t h e O f f i c e o f W a s t e Prcgrans E n f o r c e m e n t s u p p o r t s t h e Z S D .A c c o r d i n g l y / ZPA Region . VIIT l ia s mat and c o m p l i e d wits a l lc o n s u l t a t i o n requirements o f t h e T w e n t y T h i r d R e m e d y D e l e g a t i o nR e p o r t . ' • ' I • . . . - . - . - .

cc: Lori BoughtcnN e i l i m a S e n j a l i a

Pfasi y\ fiec/-c.'ed Paper

U N I T E D S T A T E S E N V I R O N M E N T A L P R O T E C T I O N A G E N C Y* * ^ ~ * R E G I O N V I I Ij" i - j O J / X ^ 9 9 9 1 8 t h S T R E E T - S U I T E 5 0 0

D E N V E R , C O L O R A D O S 0 2 0 2 - 2 4 S S .•

O C T 4 I 9 J 2

R - 3 f : 8 H W M - S R

T O : J a c k W . M c G r a wA c t i n g R e g i o n a l A d m i n i s t r a t o rF R O M : Robert L . D u p r e y ,H a z a r d o u s W a s t e M a nS U B J E C T : E x p l a n a t i o n o f - S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s t o t h e R O D f o rDenver Radium S u p e r f u n d S i t e , O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I -S t r e e t s

A t t a c h e d i s t h e f i n a l E x p l a n a t i o n ' o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s( E S D ) t o t h e 1 9 S S Record o f D e c i s i o n ( R O D ) a n d the. remedy whichw i l l b e i m p l e m e n t e d a t O p e r a b l e unit VII o f the Denver RadiumS u p e r f u n d S i t e .T h e R O D s igned i n March 1 9 8 6 , c a l l e d f o r radium- c o n t a m i n a t e da s p h a l t i n t h e s t r e e t s t o b e l e f t i n p l a c e w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o fm a t e r i a l excavated curing rou t ine m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r or o t h e rc o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s . S u c h m a t e r i a l was to be removed to ano f f - s i t e r e p o s i t o r y a p p r o v e d f o r s t o r a g e o r d i s p o s a l o f radium-c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l .

. T h e change t o t h e o r ig ina l remedy w i l l a l l o w f o r o n - s i t er e t e n t i o n and rsburial o f radium - c o n t a m i n a t e d mat er ia l e x cava t edd u r i n g a l l m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r o r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s .The ex cavated m a t e r i a l w i l l s i m p l y b e p l a c e d back in th e s t r e e tand covered w i t h new a s p h a l t .T h e S t a t e o f C o l o r a d o s u p p o r t s i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e remedya s p r o p o s e d i n t h i s E S D . I n - a d d i t i o n , E P A H e a d q u a r t e r s h a sreviewed t h i s ESD and ha s p r o v i d e d w r i t t e n concurrence t o UheR e g i o n ( a t t a c h e d ) . I recommend a p p r o v a l o f th e change s t o th eremedy a s p r o p o s e d in t h i s E S D .

A t t a c h m e n t

E X P L A N A T I O N O F S I G N I F I C A N T D I F F E R E N C E SR E C O R D O F D E C I S I O N ( R O D ) - O P E R A B L E U N I T V I I

D E N V E R R A D I U M S U P E R F U N D S I T ED E C L A R A T I O NC o n s i d e r i n g t h e n ew i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t ha s been d e v e l o p e d and th ec h a n g e s t h a t have been made to the s e l e c t e d r emedy chosen in theM a r c h 2 4 , 1986 R O D , E P A h a s d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e remedy remainsp r o t e c t i v e o f human h e a l t h and the environment , c o m p l i e s w i t hF e d e r a l a n d S t a t e r equ ir ement s t h a t a r e . a p p l i c a b l e o r r e l evan ta n d a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h i s r emedial a c t i o n , e x c e p t t h o s e f o r wh i ch awaiver i s i n v c k e d , a n d i s c o s t - e f f e c t i v e . I n a d d i t i o n , t h erevi s ed r emedy u t i l i z e s permanent s o l u t i o n s a n d a l t e r n a t i v et r e a t m e n t t e c h n o l o g i e s t o t h e maximum e x t e n t p r a c t i c a b l e f o r t h i sC-i fa • ' . " .

fa/fill* 10, W. M c G r a w D a t e / •'A c u i / n g R e g i o n a l A d m i n i s t r a t o r

E X P L A N A T I O N O F S I G N I F I C A N T D I F F E R E N C E SD E N V E R R A D I U M S U P E R F U N D S I T E

O P E R A B L E U N I T V I I - S T R E E T SS e o t e m b e r 1 5 ' , 1 9 9 2

O V E R V I E WT h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s do cument i s t o e x p l a i n t h e s i g n i f i c a n td i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e r emedy s e l e c t e d i n t h e Record o f D e c i s i o( R O D ) , s i g n e d b y c h e U . S . E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( E ? A )o n M a r c h 2 4 , 1 S 3 S , a n d t h e r emedy wh i ch w i l l b e i m p l e m e n t e d a tO p e r a b l e U n i t V I I o f t h e Denver Radium S u p e r f u n c S i t e . O p e r a b l eU n i t V I I - S t r e e t s , i s l o c a t e d i n Denver , C o l o r a d o a n d c o n s i s t so f e i g h t s t r e e t s e g m e n t s and c e r t a i n i n t e r s e c t i o n s in th eC h e s s m a n -Park area and one s egment in the u p p e r d o w n t o w n area .( s e e F i g u r e l ) . T h e exact l o c a t i o n o f t h e s e s t r e e t s e g m e n t s a r eas f o l l o w s :

•- 9 t h Avenue f r o m Ogcen S t r e e t t o Chee sman P a r k ;- l l t h Avenue f r o m J o s e p h i n e S t r e e t t o C h e e s m a n P a r k ;- 23rd S t r e e t f r o m C a l i f o r n i a S t r e e t t o L a w r e n c e S t r e e t ;- Corona S t r e e t f r o m 7 t h Avenue t o 10th A v e n u e ;- Downing S t r e e t f r o m 7 t h Avenue t o 10 th A v e n u e ;- H u m b o l d t S t r e e t f r o m 7 t h Avenue t o 9 t h A v e n u e ;- L a f a y e t t e S t r e e t f r o m 1 s t Avenue t o 1 0 t h A v e n u e ;- M a r i o n S t r e e t f r o m 6 th Avenue t o 10 th A v e n u e ; and- Y o r k S t r e e t f r o m 6 t h Avenue t o 1 3 t h Avenue .T h e s e nine c o n t a m i n a t e d s t r e e t s e g m e n t s e x t e n d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 . 5m i l e s t h r o u g h l a r g e l y r e s i d e n t i a l areas and are owned by the C i t yand C o u n t y o f Denver. A p p r o x i m a t e l y 800 h o u s e h o l d s ar e s i t u a t e da d j a c e n t t o t h e s e c o n t a m i n a t e d s t r e e t s . O t h e r than min imale x cava t i on c o n t r o l s i m p o s e d b y Denver P u b l i c H e a l t h E n g i n e e r i n ga n d Denver P u b l i c - W o r k s D e p a r t m e n t s , u s e o f t h e s e s t r e e t s ' h a s n o tbeen r e s t r i c t e d .

E X P L A N A T I O N O F S I G N I F I C A N TD I F F E R E N C E S ( E S D )

T h i s E S D d e s c r i b e s a s i g n i f i c a n t c h a n g e t o t h e r e m e d ythat w i l l b e i m p l e m e n t e d a t O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I o f th e-Denver R a d i u m S i t e .T h e R O D s i g n e d i n M a r c h 1 9 8 6 , c a l l e d f o r r a d i u m -c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l i n t h e s t r e e t s t o b e l e f c i np l a c e w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f m a t e r i a l e x c a v a t e d d u r i n gr o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r o r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o na c t i v i t i e s . S u c h m a t e r i a l w a s t o b e removed t o a n o f f -s i t e r e p o s i t o r y a p p r o v e d f o r s c o r a g e o r d i s p o s a l o fr a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l .T h e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e a n d change t o t h eo r i g i n a l r e m e d y r e l a t e s t o o n - s i t e r e t e n t i o n a n drebur ia l - o f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l e x c a v a t e dd u r i n g a l l m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r o r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o na c t i v i t i e s .

D u e t o t h e l o w l e v e l s o f r a d i o a c t i v e c o n t a m i n a t i o n a t O p e r a b l eU n i t V I I , n o r e m e d i a l a c t i v i t i e s a r e p l a n n e d f o r t h i s s p e c i f i co p e r a b l e u n i t . S h o u l d m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r o r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o na c t i v i t i e s - b e r e q u i r e d , e x cava t ed r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l sw i l l b e r e ta ined a n d reburied o n - s i t e , i f f e a s i b l e , p r o v i d e d t h a tthe area to be e x cava t ed i s not g r e a t e r than 20% of the t o t a larea of the roadway in one c i t y b l o ck: . The 20% f i g u r e i s basedon the a s s u m p t i o n t h a t al l m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r or o t h e rc o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s c a n b e s u c c e s s f u l l y p e r f o r m e d w i t h o u te x cava t i on o f more than 20% o f t h e t o t a l area o f t h e s t r e e t .S p e c i a l variance to the 20% l i m i t may be g r a n t e d by the C o l o r a d oD e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h s h ou ld an unusual c i r cums tance require sucha variance. T h e l o c a t i o n o f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t r ebur i edo n - s i t e w i l l b e p e r m a n e n t l y d o c u m e n t e d by th e i m p l e m e n t i n gagency . Reburied m a t e r i a l s w i l l be covered w i t h a new, hards u r f a c e , such as a s p h a l t or c o n c r e t e , having a minimum d e p t h of 6inche s t o insure no d i r e c t e x p o s u r e . If r e t e n t i o n and reburialare not f e a s i b l e , the m a t e r i a l s w i l l be d i s p o s e d of at al i c e n s e d , o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t y , c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e R O D ,T h i s E S D p r o v i d e s a b r i e ' f ba ckground o n t h e S i t e , d e s c r i b e s t h eor ig inal remedy s e l e c t e d in the ROD, and e x p l a i n s the ways inwhich t h e m o d i f i e d remedy d i f f e r s f r o m t h e o r i g i n a l r e m e d y . I ta l s o d i s c u s s e s ' t h e m o d i f i e d r e m e d y ' s c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l l e g a lr e q u i r e m e n t s , and p r o v i d e s i n s t r u c t i o n s on how to o b t a i n morei n f o r m a t i o n o n t h i s S i t e .

T h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Record which c o n t a i n s t h i s E S D , a s w e l l - a sc o m p l e t e d o c u m e n t a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o t h e r e m e d i a t i o n o f t h e S i t e ,i s a v a i l a b l e f o r p u b l i c review a t t h e l o c a t i o n i n d i c a t e d b e l o w ' .

A D M I N I S T R A T I V E RECORD L O C A T I O NE P A S u p e r f u n d Record C e n t e r9 9 9 1 3 t h S t r e e t , S u i t e 5 0 0D e n v e r , C o l o r a d o 80202H o u r s : M - F 8:00 A M - 4 : 3 0 P MP h o n e ( 3 0 3 ) 2 9 3 - 1 8 0 7T o l l - f r e e N u m b e r 1 - 8 0 0 - 7 5 9 - 4 3 7 2 , e x t 1 3 0 7 .T h i s E S D i s p r e p a r e d i n f u l f i l l m e n t o f E P A ' s p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i c nr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s u n d e r S e c t i o n 1 1 7 ( c ) o f t h e C o m p r e h e n s i v eE n v i r o n m e n t a l R e s p o n s e , C o m p e n s a c i o n , a n d L i a b i l i t y A c t o f 1 9 8 0 ,4 2 U . S . C . S e c t i o n 9 6 0 1 , e t .sec. ( C E R C L A ) ( m o r e c o m m o n l y r e f e r r e dto as S u p e r f u n d ) , a s amended by che S u p e r f u n d A m e n d m e n t s andR e a u t h o r i z a t i o n A c t o f 1 9 8 S , a n d S e c t i o n 3 0 0 . 4 3 5 ( c ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) o f t h eN a t i o n a l . C o n t i n g e n c y P l a n , 4 0 C . r . R . Part 3 0 0 ( N C ? ) .S I T E H I S T O R Y A N D B A C K G R O U N DI n 1 9 7 9 , E P A d i s c o v e r e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f several l o n g - f o r g o t t e n ,radium p r o c e s s i n g l o c a t i o n s which were a c t i v e in -Denver f r o m 1914t h r o u g h 1 9 2 5 . H i s t o r i c a l l y , p r o d u c t i o n o f r e f i n e d radiump r o d u c e d l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s ' o f r a d i o a c t i v e w a s t e m a t e r i a l s . T h e s ew a s t e m a t e r i a l s were d i s c a r d e d o r l e f t o n - s i t e when, t h ep r o c e s s i n g f a c i l i t i e s were c l o s e d . S u b s e q u e n t l y , much o f ' t h i sw a s t e m a t e r i a l wa s used a s f i l l , cover and f o u n d a t i o n mater ia land s o m e t i m e s as an a g g r e g a t e in cement and a s p h a l t m i x t u r e s . Asa r e s u l t , c o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t pavement was p l a c e d in c e r ta inc i t y s t r e e t s in Denver.T h e Denver Radium. S i t e w a s p l a c e d o n t h e I n t e r i m P r i o r i t i e s ' . L i s tin O c t o b e r 1981 and on th e N a t i o n a l P r i o r i t i e s L i s t (N?L) inS e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 3 . T h e C o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h begane n g i n e e r i n g a s s e s smen t s t u d i e s and a t o t a l o f nine c o n t a m i n a t e ds t r e e t s e g m e n t s were i d e n t i f i e d . T h e Denver P u b l i c H e a l t hE n g i n e e r i n g D e p a r t m e n t began m o n i t o r i n g gamma r a d i a t i o n l e v e l sd u r i n g any e x cava t i on carried out in t h e s e s t r e e t s . S t a t es t u d i e s were d i s c o n t i n u e d when RCRA grant f u n d s ran ou t . EPAresumed R I / F S - a c t i v i t i e s i n 1 9 8 3 . I n J u l y 1 9 8 5 , E P A c o m p l e t e d as t u d y f u r t h e r d e f i n i n g c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n C i t y s t r e e t s . A D r a f tF e a s i b i l i t y S t u d y w a s r e l e a s e d o n J u l y 2 6 , 1 9 8 5 . N o F i n a lF e a s i b i l i t y S t u d y , wa s i s s u e d . A Record o f D e c i s i o n was i s sued byE P A o n M a r c h 2 4 , 1 9 8 5 .

S I T E D E S C R I P T I O NS t r e e t s e g m e n t s in O p e r a b l e U n i t VII c o n t a i n a 4 t o 6 inch layero f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t . T h i s c o n t a m i n a t e d l a y e r i su n d e r l a i n by c o m p a c t e d gravel road base m a t e r i a l and is u s u a l l yo v e r l a i n by 4 to 12 inches of u n c o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t pavemen t . "E s t i m a t e s i n d i c a t e that O p e r a b l e U n i c V I I - S t r e e t s c o n t a i na p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 8 , 5 0 0 c u / y d s o f r a d i a n - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a lc o v e r i n g some 8 - 3 2 , 0 0 0 square f e e t . R a d i u m c o n t a m i n a t i o n dee s n o te x t e n d beyond t h e paved r i g h t - o f - w a y o f t h e s t r e e t s a n d doe s n o ta p p e a r t o have m i g r a t e d i n t o t h e s o i l s b e l o w t h e c o n t a m i n a t e da s p h a l t .C U R R E N T S I T E S T A T U ST h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t f o r O U V I I , f o u n d i n t h e J u l y 2 6 , 1 9 8 5 ,F e a s i b i l i t y S t u d y , s t a t e d t h a t c o n t a m i n a t i o n i n O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I- S t r e e t s p o s e s a minimal t h r e a t t o p u b l i c h e a l t h . T h i s i s d u et o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l i s bound i n . t h e a s p h a l tand is not f r e e to move in any d i r e c t i o n . As l o n g as thec o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l remains in i c s p r e s e n t l o c a t i o n , -hep o t e n t i a l r o u t e s o f human e x p o s u r e t o t h e r a d i o a c t i v i t y ar el i m i t e d because t h e c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l i s w e l l - c o n t a i n e d .N o n e o f th e c o n t a m i n a t e d s t r e e t s are near s u r f a c e or ground w a t e rresources and there i s l i t t l e p o t e n t i a l f o r e ro s i on or l e a c h i n gof the c o n t a m i n a t e d mat er ia l due to the pavement -cap..I n g e n e r a l , t h e most s i g n i f i c a n t r o u t e s o f e xpo sur e t o r a d i a t i o n -f r o m radium c o n t a m i n a t i o n at the Denver Radium S i t e " are, ind e s c e n d i n g order o f i m p o r t a n c e : ( 1 ) i n h a l a t i o n o f radon g a s a n di t s d e c a y p r o d u c t s ; ( 2 J d i r e c t gamma r a d i a t i o n ' e x p o s u r e f r o m t h ed e c a y o f radium a n d i t s p r o g e n y ; a n d ( 3 ) i n g e s t i o n o r i n h a l a t i o no f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l . I n g e n e r a l , -the g r e a t e r t h ee x p o s u r e rate and the l o n g e r the e x p o s u r e to r a d i a t i o n , theg r e a t e r t h e a s s o c i a t e d h e a l t h r i sk s .T h e r i s k . a s s e s s m e n t f o r O U V I I d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e mosts i g n i f i c a n t r i sk t o p u b l i c h e a l t h a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h ec o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t was" that p o s e d by gamma r a d i a t i o n e m a n a t i n gf r o m t h e s t r e e t s . H o w e v e r , t h e ri sk a s s e s s m e n t c o n c l u d e d t h a tt h i s r e p r e s e n t e d a n e g l i g i b l e h e a l t h t h r e a t s ince an i n d i v i d u a lwou ld have to s tand at the l o c a t i o n of the h i g h e s t gammar a d i a t i o n ( i n t h e m i d d l e o f Y o r k S t r e e t ) f o r f i v e hours a d a y .every day of the year in order to exceed the recommended e x p o s u r eg u i d e l i n e of 100 mi i i r ems per year above background sot by theI n t e r n a t i o n a l C o u n c i l o n R a d i o l o g i c P r o t e c t i o n .I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r i sk a s s e s s m e n t s t a t e d t h a t t h e o t h e r r o u t e s o fe x p o s u r e were i n s i g n i f i c a n t f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g reasons: ( 1 ) a l lradon gas g e n e r a t e d by the d e cay o f radium w i l l i m m e d i a t e l y bed i l u t e d by a t m o s p h e r i c air to the d e g r e e t h a t i t w i l l p o s e noh e a l t h h a z a r d ; a n d ( 2 ) t h e radium i s encased i n a s p h a l t , s o i t i s

not in a f o r m thac e a s i l y l a n d s i t s e l f t o i n g e s t i o n ori n h a l a t i o n . .R a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l in the s t r e e t s p r e s e n t s o n l y aminimal hazard i n i t s p r e s e n t s t a t e . H o w e v e r , u n c o n t r o l l e dex cavat i on i n t h e s t r e e t s would p r e s e n t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o fr e l e a s e o f radon o r r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s p o t e n t i a l l y i n c r e a s i n gt h e r i sk s f r o m a l l t h r e e e x p o s u r e p a t h w a y s . B o t h t h e o r i g i n a lremedy d e s c r i b e d in the ROD and the m o d i f i e d r e m e d y d e s c r i b e d int h i s E S D p r o v i d e mea sur e s t o ensure t h a t m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r o ro t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s w i c h i n O U V I I w i l l n o t r e s u l t i nt h e u n c o n t r o l l e d r e l e a s e o f radon o r r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s .S U M M A R Y O F T H E M A R C H 2 4 , 1 9 5 6 . R E C O R D O F D E C I S I O NThe o b j e c t i v e o f th e r emedy s e l e c t e d in the ROD i s t o r educehuman e x p o s u r e t o radium c o n t a m i n a t i o n bound in the a s p h a l t o fc e r t a i n s t r e e t s o f O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I . T h e m a j o r c o m p o n e n t s o ft h e remedy s e l e c t e d in th e March 24 , 1 9 8 6 . R O D are:* L e a v i n g the c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l in p l a c e ;* I m p r o v i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l c c n c r c l s s o t h a t a l l m a i n t e n a n c e ,r e p a i r o r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e ds t r e e t s b y government, a g e n c i e s , u t i l i t y ' c o m p a n i e s , c o n t r a c t i n gcompanie s and pr ivac e i n d i v i d u a l s , w i l l be m o n i - t c r e d ; and* T a k i n g any c o n t a m i n a t e d mater ia l excavated d u r i n g m a i n t e n a n c e ,r e p a i r or o th e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s in th e a f f e c c e ds t r e e t s t o a f a c i l i t y a p p r o v e d f o r s t o r a g e o rd i s p o s a l o f c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l .A c c o r d i n g t o t h e ROD, th e s t a n d a r d s f o u n d in 40 C . F . R . Part 192serve as the c l e a n u p g o a l s which remedial a c t i o n s taken at theDenver Radium S i t e must a t t a i n . T h e R O D s t a t e s t h a t t h e r e l evant:and a p p r o p r i a t e requirement i s f o u n d a t 40 C . F . R . S e c t i o n1 9 2 . 1 2 ( a ) , which s p e c i f i e s t h e maximum a l l o w a b l e radiumc o n c e n t r a t i o n . i n s o i l - . " I n order t o c o m p l y w i t h 4 0 C . F . R . S e c t i o n1 9 2 . 1 2 ( a ) , remedial a c t i o n s must be c onduc t ed when thec o n c e n t r a t i o n of radium in land averaged over any area of 100square m e t e r s e x c e ed s the background l eve l by more than (1) 5p i c o c u r i e s of radium per gram soil averaged over the f i r s t 15c e n t i m e t e r s o f soil b e l o w t h e s u r f a c e , a n d ( 2 ) 1 5 p i c o c u r i e s o fradium per gram of soi l averaged over 15 c e n t i m e t e r t h i c k l a y e r sof soi l more than 15 - c e n t i m e t e r s b e l o w the s u r f a c e . Thec o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f radium p r e s e n t i n O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I - S t r e e t sexceed t h e s e l e v e l s .I n a d d i t i o n , t h e R O D s t a t e s tha t o n l y t o t a l e x c a v a t i o n w o u l ds a t i s f y t h e s t a n d a r d o u t l i n e d i n 4 0 C . F . R . S e c t i o n 1 9 2 . l 2 ( a ) , .a n d t h a t t h e T o t a l E x c a v a t i o n A l t e r n a t i v e w a s e l i m i n a t e d d u r i n gt h e i n i t i a l s c r e e n i n g o f remedial a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r O p e r a b l e U n i t

V I I - S t r e e t s because t h e cost o f i m p l e m e n t i n g t ha t a l t e r n a t i v ef a r e x c e ed ed t h e cost o f o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e s , w i t h o u t p r o v i d i n cs u b s t a n t i a l l y g r e a t e r p u b l i c h e a l t h o r env ironmenta l p r o t e c t i o n .A c c o r d i n g t o 4 0 C . F . R . S e c t i o n 1 9 2 . 2 1 ( c ) , t h e u s e o f s u p p l e m e n t a ls t a n d a r d s i s a p p r o p r i a t e when t h e e s t i m a t e d cose o f r e m e d i a la c t i o n t o s a t i s f y 4 0 C . F . R . S e c t i o n 1 9 2 . 1 2 ( a ) a t a S i t e i su n r e a s o n a b l y h i g h r e l a t i v e t o t h e l o n g - t e r m b e n e f i t s , a n d t h er e s i d u a l r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s do not p o s e a c l e a r p r e s e n t orf u t u r e h a z a r d . I n e v a l u a t i n g t h i s h a z a r d , t h e l i k e l i h o o d t h a tb u i l d i n g s w i l l b e e r e c t e d o r t h a t p e o p l e w i l l s p e n d l o n g p e r i o d s ,o f t i m e a t such a S i t e s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d . S e c t i c r . - 1 9 2 . 2 1 ( c )f u r t h e r s t a t e s t h a t " r e m e d i a l a c t i o n w i l l g e n e r a l l y r.ot b enec e s sary where r e s i d u a l r a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s have ceen p l a c e ds e m i - p e r m a n e n t l y i n a l o c a t i o n where s i t e - s p e c i f i c f a c t o r s l i m i tt h e i r hazard a n d f r o m w h i c h t h e y a r e c o s t l y o r d i f f i c u l t t oremove, or where o n l y minor q u a n t i t i e s o f r e s i d u a l r a d i o a c t i v em a t e r i a l s a r e i n v o l v e d . " E x a m p l e s g iv en i n c l u d e r e s i d u a lr a d i o a c t i v e m a t e r i a l s p r e s e n t under hard s u r f a c e p u b l i c r oad s a n daround p u b l i c sewer l i n e s .F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e R O D s t a t e s t ha t i f a s u p p l e m e n t a l s t a n d a r d i sa p p l i e d , t h e i m p l e m e n t i n g agency must s e l e c t a n d p e r f o r m r e m e d i a la c t i o n s t h a t come as c l o s e to the o t h e r w i s e p e r t i n e n t s t a n d a r d - asi s r e a s o n a b l e under t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s . T h e r e m e d i a l a l t e r n a t i v es e l e c t e d i n t h e R O D , t h e M o d i f i e d N o A c t i o n . A l t e r n a t i v e , i n c l u d e sl e a v i n g c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l s in p l a c e and e s t a b - l i s h i n gi n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r o l s t o m o n i t o r a i l r o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i ro r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s . T h i sremedy c o m p l i e s w i t h the s u p p l e m e n t a l s t a n d a r d s and comes asc l o s e t o t h e s t a n d a r d s o u t l i n e d i n 4 0 C . F . R . F a r t 1 9 2 . 1 2 ( a ) a s i sr e a s o n a b l e under t h e c i r cums tanc e s . F i n a l l y , t h e R O D s t a t e s t h a tth e O p e r a t i o n and M a i n t e n a n c e (0 « M) a c t i v i t i e s required t oensure t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e remedy i n c l u d e o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a lo f c o n t a m i n a t e d mat er ia l removed f r o m t h e s t r e e t s d u r i n gm a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r ' o r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s .

D E S C R I P T I O N O F S I G N I F I C A N T D I F F E R E N C E ST h e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s b e tween t h e remedy d e s c r i b e d i n t h eROD and t h i s ESD are:

I n t h e R O D , a p o r t i o n o f t h e remedy d e a l t w i t h o f f - s i t eremoval and d i s p o s a l of any r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e dm a t e r i a l s excavated d u r i n g m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r or o t h e rc o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e - a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s o fO p e r a b l e U n i t V I I o f t h e Denver Radium S i t e . T h i sdocument m o d i f i e s t h e o r i g i n a l R O D t o a l l o w f o r t h er e t e n t i o n a n d o n - s i t e reburiai o f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e dm a t e r i a l s ' t ha t a r e e x cava t ed d u r i n g m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i ro r o th e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s w i t h i n - O p e r a b l e U n i tV I I s t r e e t s , i f such r e t e n t i o n a n d reburial i sf e a s i b l e , p r o v i d e d t h a t the area to be e x c a v a t e d is not '

g r e a t e r than 20% of the t o t a l area of the roadway inone c i t y b l o c k . S p e c i a l variance to the 20% l i m i t mavbe g r a n t e d by the C o l o r a d o - D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h should"' a n unusual c i r cums tance require such a variance. T h el o c a t i o n of rad ium-contaminat ed a s p h a l t reburied on--s i t e w i l l b e p e r m a n e n t l y do cumen t ed by the i m p l e m e n t i n ga g e n c y . Rebur i ed m a t e r i a l s w i l l be covered w i t h a new,hard s u r f a c e having a minimum d e p t h o f 6 inches . I ns i t u a t i o n s where th e r e t e n t i o n and r ebur ia l o fc o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l s i s n o t f e a s i b l e , t h e m a t e r i a l sw i l l c e d i s p o s e d o f a t a l i c e n s e d o f f - s i t e d i s p o s a lf a c i l i t y c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e . R O D . E x a m p l e s o fs i t u a t i o n s where it may not be f e a s i b l e to reburyc o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l i n c l u d e : ( 1 ) a w a t e r main breakw h i c h r e s u l t s in f l o o d i n g t h a t may p r e c l u d e th e .r e t e n t i o n a n d o n - s i t e reburial o f c o n t a m i n a t e d a s p h a l t ;a n d ( 2 ) a n a c t i v i t y such a s c o n s t r u c t i o n o f h a n d i c a p p e ds i d e w a l k ramps which could take up c o n t a m i n a t e dm a t e r i a l f r o m th e a s p h a l t s u r f a c e and no t p r o v i d e ap l a c e f o r r eburiai . A l l o t h e r a s p e c t s o f t h e 1986s e l e c t e d remedy remain the same.T h e m o d i f i e d remedy d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s E S D m e e t s t h e above-r e f e r e n c e d s u p p l e m e n t a l s t a n d a r d s and comes as c l o s e to s t a n d a r d so u t l i n e d i n 4 0 C . F . R . S e c - i o n I S 2 , 1 2 ( a ) ' a s i s r e a s o n a b l e under,th e c i r c u m s t a n c e s .J U S T I F I C A T I O N F O R C K A N G 5The remedy s e l e c t e d in the ROD i n c l u d e d l e a v i n g c o n t a m i n a t e dm a t e r i a l in p l a c e and e s t a b l i s h i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l c o n t r o l s t om o n i t o r a l l rou t ine main t enanc e , r e p a i r or c o n s t r u c t i o na c t i v i t i e s in the- a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s . 0 & M a c t i v i t i e s required toensure t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e s e l e c t e d remedy i n c l u d e d o f f - s i t ed i s p o s a l o f c o n t a m i n a t e d mat er ia l removed f r o m t h e s t r e e t s curingt h e s e a c t i v i t i e s . T h e s o l e change engender ed b y t h e m o d i f i e dremedy is t h a t a r e l a t i v e l y minor amount of c on taminat ed mat er ia lremoved f r o m the s t r e e t s dur ing rou t ine or emergency maint enance ,r e p a i r or o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t y , would be r e ta ined andrebur i ed , i f f e a s i b l e . T h e l o c a t i o n o f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e da s p h a l t reburied o n - s i t e w i l l b e p e r m a n e n t l y do cument ed by thei m p l e m e n t i n g agency. The m o d i f i e d remedy reduce s th e need t ot r a n s p o r t c on taminat ed material and the risk a s s o c ia t ed w i t h sucr.t r a n s p o r t . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e m o d i f i e d remedy mee t s t h es u p p l e m e n t a l s t a n d a r d s o u t l i n e d in 40 C . F . R . S e c t i o n s 192.21 and1 9 2 . 2 2 , comes a s c l o s e t o the s t a n d a r d s o u t l i n e d in 40 C . F . R .S e c t i o n 1 9 2 . 1 2 (a) a s i s a c c e p t a b l e under th e c i r c u m s t a n c e s and i scost e f f e c t i v e .

S U M M A R Y O F S I G N I F I C A N T D I F F E R E N C E SThe m a j o r d i f f e r a n c e s be tween the o r i g i n a l ROD remedy and them o d i f i e d remedy i n t h i s B S D - a r e summarized a s f o l l o w s :O R I G I N A L R E M E D Y* O f f - s i t e d i s p o s a l o f - r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l s excavatedd u r i n g r o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n c e , r e p a i r or c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s int h e a f f e c t e d s t r e e t s o f O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I .M O D I F I E D R E M E D Y* O n - s i t e r e c e n t i o n and reburial o f r a d i u m - c o n t a m i n a t e dm a t e r i a l s e x c a v a t e d d u r i n g r o u t i n e o r e m e r g e n c y m a i n t e n a n c e ,r e p a i r o r o t h e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a f f e c t e d s t r e e t so f " O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I , i f f e a s i b l e , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e area t o ' b ee x c a v a t e d i s no t g r e a t e r than 20%- o f- th e t o t a l area o f th eroadway in one c i t y b l o c k . S p e c i a l variance to the 20% l i m i t may-be g r a n t e d by th e C o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h s h o u l d an unusualc i r c u m s t a n c e require such a variance. C o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l st h a t are reburied w i l l be covered w i t h a new, hard s u r f a c e havinga minimum d e p t h o f 6 inches t o ensure no d i r e c t : e x p o s u r e . Ifr e t e n t i o n and reburial o f c o n t a m i n a t e d m a t e r i a l s i s no t f e a s i b l e ,t h e m a t e r i a l s w i l l b e d i s p o s e d ' o f a t a l i c e n s e d , o f f - s i t e -d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t y , c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e R O D .S U P P O R T A G E N C Y C O M M E N T ST h e C o l o r a d o D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h h a s reviewed t h i s E S D a n ds u p p o r t s ' i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e m o d i f i e d remedy a s d e f i n e d herein.S T A T U T O R Y D E T E R M I N A T I O N SI t i s a f f i r m e d b y b o t h E P A a n d t h e S t a t e o f C o l o r a d o • tha t t h i sm o d i f i e d remedy con t inue s t o s a t i s f y a l l s c a t u t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s .F u r t h e r , bo th E P A a n d t h e S t a t e o f C o l o r a d o b e l i eve that t h em o d i f i e d remedy i s p r o t e c t i v e o f b o t h human h e a l t h and theenvironment and c o m p l i e s w i t h F e d e r a l and S t a t e requirements t h a tare a p p l i c a b l e or relevant and a p p r o p r i a t e to t h i s remediala c t i o n , and i s cost e f f e c t i v e .

G L O S S A R YA D M I N I S T R A T I V E RECORD: T h e body o f d o c u m e n t s upon which E P Abases a c l e a n u p d e c i s i o n about a S u p e r f u n d s i t e . By l a w , thea d m i n i s t r a t i v e record f i l e , which i s t h e f i l e c o n t a i n i n g t h ed o c u m e n t s used in s e l e c t i n g the remedy for a s i t e , must be madea v a i l a b l e t o t h e p u b l i c a t a r e p o s i t o r y l o c a t e d near ' t h eS u p e r f u n d s i t e .A P P L I C A B L E O R R E L E V A N T A N D A P P R O P R I A T E R E Q U I R E M E N T S ( A R A R s ) :

8

R e f e r s t o t h e F e d e r a l a n d S t a t e r equ i r emen t s t h a t a s e l e c t e dremedy is required to a t t a i n . ARARs i n c l u d e r equirement s such asa l l o w a b l e a i r emi s s ions l i m i t s and a l l o w a b l e l e v e l s o fc on taminant s in s i t e media ( s u c h as s o i l s and w a t e r ) .C O M P R E H E N S I V E E N V I R O N M E N T A L R E S P O N S E , C O M P E N S A T I O N , A N D L I A B I L I T YACT OF 1980 (CERCLA OR SUPERFUND): A law p a s s e d in 1980 tha te s t a b l i s h e s a program to c l e a n up a b a n d o n e d h a z a r d o u s w a s t es i t e s .E X P L A N A T I O N O F S I G N I F I C A N T D I F F E R E N C E S ( E S D ) : R e f e r s t o arequ ir ement o f S e c t i o n 1 1 7 ( c ) o f C E R C L A , a s a m e n d e d , a n d S e c t i o n3 0 0 ~ . 4 3 5 ( c ) ( 2 ) ( i ) o f t h e N C P , t h a t t h e l e a d a g e n c y , f o l l o w i n g t h ea d o p t i o n o f t h e R O D , document a n d e x p l a i n a n y s i g n i f i c a n t c h a n g e sto th e ROD. The ESD and s u p p o r t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n must b e macea v a i l a b l e t o t h e p u b l i c ' i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e record a n di n f o r m a t i o n r e p o s i t o r y f o r t h e s i t e . I n a d d i t i o n , a p u b l i cn o t i c e summarizing the ESD must be p u b l i s h e d in a m a j o r l o c a ln e w s p a p e r o f general c i r c u l a t i o n .F E A S I B I L I T Y S T U D Y ( F S ) : A s t u d y required under S u p e r f u n d i nwhich a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r c l e a n i n g u p s i t e c o n t a m i n a t i o n a r ei d e n t i f i e d , screened and compared .I N S T I T U T I O N A L C O N T R O L S : T h i s term m a y r e f e r t o l e g a l , ncn- -eng ine er ing m e t h o d s used t o prevent o r r e s t r i c t u s ' e o f , o r acce s st o , c o n t a m i n a t e d s o i l s and ground wat er . In g e n e r a l ,i n s t i t u t i o n a l - c o n t r o l s m a y take t h e f o r m o f r u l e s , r e g u l a t i o n s ,l a w s , or covenants such as county or c i t y o r d i n a n c e s , b u i l d i n gp e r m i t s , or o th er a p p r o p r i a t e m e a s u r e s , , as nec e s sary.N A T I O N A L C O N T I N G E N C Y P L A N ( N C ? ) : A body o f F e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n sgoverning t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f C E R C L A .N A T I O N A L P R I O R I T I E S L I S T ( N P L ) : E P A ' s l i s t o f t o p - p r i o r i t yhazardou s was t e s i t e s -that ar e e l i g i b l e f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n andc l e a n u p under t h e F e d e r a l S u p e r f u n d .program.RECORD O F D E C I S I O N ( R O D ) : A p u b l i c document tha t s e t s f o r t h a n de x p l a i n s the c l e a n u p a l t e r n a t i v e ( s ) to be used at a S u p e r f u n ds i t e . The ROD is g e n e r a l l y based on i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m theremedial i n v e s t i g a t i o n a n d f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d i e s , p u b l i c " c omment s ,and community concerns.R E M E D I A L A C T I O N : T h e ac tual c o n s t r u c t i o n o r i m p l e m e n t a t i o n . p h a s eo f S u p e r f u n d work d u r i n g which th e s e l e c t e d remedy i s pu t in t op l a c e .R E M E D I A L I N V E S T I G A T I O N ( R I ) : A s t u d y required under S u p e r f u n dt h a t i s c o n d u c t e d in order to i d e n t i f y the t y p e s , amounts andl o c a t i o n s o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n a t a s i t e .

S U P E R F U N D A M E N D M E N T S A N D R E A U T H O R I Z A T I O N A C T O F 1986: A l a wp a s s e d in 1986 that r eau thor i z e s th e S u p e r f u n d law.

10

STATE OF COLORADOC O L O R A D O D E P A R T M E N T O F H E A L T HDedicated to pro t e c t ing and improving the health andenvironment of the people of Colorado•I IUi ( hvi iv ( rrvk ! Jr. S. I j b n r j l i w y IJui ld inpU-rn.-r. C n l , i / j i l « H ( l 2 2 ? - t S . 1 0 4 3 1 0 1 . I l t h AvenueC l H . n i - . ' l O l i l i ' i j ; ( | ( i ( ) I J i - n v v r . ( " u l n r j r i . . M M . ' ? | ) - . 1 7 1 ( i

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V 9 V I S i h S t r e e t S u i t e 5 0 0Denver, CO 80202-2405r e : E x p l a n a t i o n o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s

Denver R a d i u m S i t e - O p e r a b l e U n i t V I I ( S t r e e t s )Dear IT n i s l e t t e r c o n f i r m s t h e C o l o r a d o Depar tmen t o f H e a l t h ' s ( C D H ) s u p p o r t o f t h e U . S .Environmenta l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c / s issuance o f a n E x p l a n a t i o n o f S i g n i f i c a n t D i f f e r e n c e s( E S D ) t o t h e Denver Radium S u p e r f u n d S i t e , O p e r a b l e Unit V I I ( O c t o b e r 9 , 1 9 9 2 ) a l l o w i n gfor the reburial ( in t e r im s t o r a g e ) be low the s tree t s u r f a c e o f small amounts o f radiumcontaminated a s p h a l t excavated f r o m this O p e r a b l e Unit during- normal maintenanceopera t i on s .CDH a n t i c i p a t e s r e b u r i a l w i l l be u t i l i z e d when f e a s i b l e u n t i l such t ime as more e x t e n s i v ei n f r a s t r u c t u r e r e cons truc t ion a c t i v i t i e s ( e x c e e d i n g 20% of one c i ty b l o c k ) require thed i s p o s a l , a t a l i c ens ed f a c i l i t y , o f a l l remaining radium c o n t a m i n a t e d ' ma t e r ia l s f r o m ther e con s t ruc t i on area a c c o r d i n g to the requirement s of the Record of Dec i s i on of 1986.CDH agrees t h i s ESD a l l o w s for more e f f e c t i v e management o f necessary maintenance andemergency re sponse a c t i v i t i e s which u p o n i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e C i t y o f DenverManagement P l a n f o r Operab l e U n i t V I I ( S t r e e t s ) w i l l c o m p l y w i th a l l a p p l i c a b l e o rrelevant and a p p r o p r i a t e requirements in a p r o t e c t i v e , p ermanent and cost e f f e c t i v e mannerin accordance with the 1986 ROD.

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A p p e n d i x C-1

S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedure 2Procedures for Operat ions R e l a t i n g to Pavement R e p a i r , R e p l a c e m e n t , andM o d i f i c a t i o n in the Denver Radium S t r e e t s

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 1,2002

A p p e n d i x C-1 S e c t i o n 1 - I n t r o d u c t i o nT h i s A p p e n d i x (C-1) presents procedures for the h a n d l i n g o f material s contaminated withradium-226 exceeding EPA standards, that are removed (either planned or inadver t en t ly)during operations that disturb the pavement, road base, road subbase, or basement so i l s in thedesignated Denver Radium Stree t s . Procedures in this section are for operations that result inthe removal of pavement and up to six-inches of basement soils , these operations include, butare not l imi t ed to the f o l l o w i n g .

Pavement RepairsI n s t a l l a t i o n o f T r a f f i c C o n t r o l / S i g n a l DevicesI n s t a l l a t i o n of Bus S t o p PadsCurb and Gutt er Removal/ReplacementI n s t a l l a t i o n o f H a n d i c a p Access RampsI n s t a l l a t i o n of Driveway EntrancesPavement B o r i n g / T e s t i n g Programs

Operations which remove pavement and greater than six-inches of basement soil s areconsidered trenching operations and procedures for these operations are covered in A p p e n d i xC-2. .N o t e : S o i l boring programs penetrat ing greater than six-inches of basement soil are inc ludedunder this sectionPrior to the ini t ia t ion of operations, p ermi t t ing procedures must be adhered to as s p e c i f i e d inS e c t i o n s 4.0 and 5.0 of the Plan.

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Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMarch 1, 2002

A p p e n d i x C-1 S e c t i o n 2 - H e a l t h andS a f e t y a n d M o n i t o r i n gProceduresAt least 48-hours prior to the in i t ia t i on of operations the Operator w i l l contact the A s s i s t a n tS a f e t y Representat ive and arrange for his presence at the work s i te as required in S e c t i o n s 4and 5 of the Management Plan. The operator will describe the propo s ed operations in de tai land provide a S i t e - s p e c i f i c H e a l t h and S a f e t y P l a n which the C i t y w i l l review and approve inthat 48-hour period. The Operator shal l be r e spon s i b l e for having the S i t e - s p e c i f i c H e a l t h andS a f e t y Plan on loca t ion, reviewing its contents with all on-site personnel, and insuringadherence to the p lan by all personnel, hi the event that the Operator can demonstrate to theC i t y the e f f e c t i v e imp l emen ta t i on of a s i t e - s p e c i f i c heal th and s a f e t y p l a n and monitoringprogram that c ompl i e s with all the provis ions of thi s section, the operator has the o p t i o n ofusing their own procedures2.1 Worker H e a l t h and S a f e t yWorker and p u b l i c hea l th and s a f e t y requirements w i l l be s p e c i f i e d in the S i t e - s p e c i f i cH e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan which wi l l be prepared by the Operator for each indiv idual site andreviewed by the City. It is intended that these s i t e - s p e c i f i c heal th and s a f e t y p lan s shouldgeneral ly be adap t ed f rom a model p l a n prepared for the Denver Radium Stre e t S i t e s andshould there fore require minimal m o d i f i c a t i o n . The f o l l o w i n g paragraphs de ta i l a spec t s o fthe H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan for operations covered in this section.2.1.1 Employee Training RequirementsC e r t i f i c a t i o n of OSHA 24-hour ini t ia l training and required annual re fre sher training forhazardous waste site workers as s p e c i f i e d in 29 CFR 1910.120 must be provided to theS a f e t y Representative for each employee working in the a f f e c t e d streets. Employee s whocannot provide adequate c e r t i f i c a t i o n w i l l not be a l l owed access to the contro l l ed area.A brief s a f e t y meet ing wi l l be conducted prior to the in i t i a t i on of operat ions at each job site.All workers wi l l be required to sign the site h ea l th and s a f e t y p lan a t t e s t ing to hisunderstanding of the p lan and recognition of the po t en t ia l hazards associated with the site.

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Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 1,2002 •

2.1.2 Personal MonitoringThe A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representat ive wi l l conduct personal monitoring o f a l l individual siteworkers. During the i n i t i a l s i te access, monitoring for surface contamination and radiationl eve l s shall be per formed in s u f f i c i e n t de tai l to characterize the exposure and implement sitecontrols. T y p e s of personal monitoring can include: 1) Radiation dose rate by individualthermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD), p o r t a b l e dose rate meter, or area dosimetry 2)Radioactive surface contamination by a count rate meter 3) Airborne radio p a r t i c u l a t e s bypersonal l a p e l or area samplers.The C i t y S a f e t y Representative shal l select the monitoring requirements and methods foreach site. Personal monitoring shall be mandatory at all times during work on a f f e c t e dstreets. The C i t y S a f e t y Representative shall maintain current and c o m p l e t e records ofindiv idual workers' presence and gamma exposures on a f f e c t e d streets.True whole body gamma exposures to monitored workers may be assessed through the use ofa T L D s , portable dose rate meters, and area dosimetry. T L D s record the amount of gammaradiation exposure on a crys ta l l ine ch ip within the TLD badge unit (the size of a matchbook).The TLD is attached to a given worker between the neck and waist at the locat ion where thehighest dose is received. Personnel s tanding on the street are advised to locate the TLD atthe waist. Personnel working in a trench are advised to locate the TLD higher on the torso inorder to locate it at the locat ion of highest exposure (i.e., close to the a s p h a l t ) . When gammaexposures are below l ev e l s measurable by the TLD, por tab l e dose rate meters, and areadosimetry wi l l be used.If determined to be warranted by the Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representative, airborne radioactivep a r t i c u l a t e inhala t ion wi l l be assessed through the use of l a p e l sampl ing. Lapel s ampl ingu t i l i z e s a breathing zone 25-mm open- fac e f i l t e r cassette containing a type AE glas s f i b e rf i l t e r connected to a waist-mounted por tab l e pump. Work protec t ion is based on 24-hourdecayed gross a lpha count re su l t s , conservatively assuming 100 percent of the count to bedue to thorium-230.Based on the results of recorded personal monitoring, the C i t y wi l l assess the adequacy ofrequired monitoring for worker protection and amend the Management Plan accordingly.The C i t y S a f e t y Representat ive and A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative shall be r e spons ib l e formonitoring radiation dose rates prior to entry and during act ivi t i e s on a f f e c t e d streets.Personnel gamma exposures wi l l be monitored using a combination of area dosimetry anddose rate meters. The C i t y Safety Representative shal l be re spons ib l e for determiningexposure monitoring requirements and for record keeping of exposure-related data.

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Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 1,2002

2.1.3 Site/Area MonitoringThe Ass i s t an t S a f e t y Representative shal l be r e s pon s i b l e for monitoring condit ions at theworksite and immediate surrounding area. Moni t or ing ac t iv i t i e s shal l consist of thef o l l o w i n g .

1. E s t a b l i s h background l e v e l s of gamma radia t ion for the s i te area using a directreading s c int i l lometer . Cont inuous ly monitor the site area to determine the need forpersonal protect ive equipment.

2. Monitor the level of gamma radiat ion emitted from removed material s and make adetermination of whether the material s are contaminated or non-contaminated basedon the criteria presented in S e c t i o n 3.0 of this a p p e n d i x .

The A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative shall document the resul t s o f the s i t e /area monitoringresul t s and make them part of the permanent record of a c t iv i t i e s at the site.2.1.4 Exclusion ZoneA clear ly d e f i n e d exclusion zone wil l be e s tab l i shed around the contro l l ed (work) area toprevent the general p u b l i c from contacting p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated materials and to:

1. D e f i n e an area of special procedures and heightened awareness for workers.2. To serve as a boundary, ou t s ide which the release of contaminated material s is

considered uncontrolled by d e f i n i t i o n and is not permi t t ed .It shal l be the j o i n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the Operator and the A s s i s t a n t Safety Representative toensure unauthorized entry into the exc lus ion zone does not occur. The exclusion zone maybe d e f i n e d by the use of barricades, f l a g g i n g , or f enc ing, but must be adequate to preventinadvertent entry by unauthorized persons. In all cases where work areas are ad ja c en t tores idential areas, discret ion shal l be u t i l i z ed to ensure the p u b l i c is not unduly alarmed; whilethe exclusion zone concept must be s t r i c t l y adhered to, it shall be accompli shed in asinconspicuous manner as p o s s i b l e ( S e e 2.2.2 of this a p p e n d i x ) .2.1.5 Personal Protective EquipmentIt shall be mandatory for all on-site personnel to wear personal pro t e c t ive equipment (PPE)as directed by the S i t e H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan, the S a f e t y Representative, or the A s s i s t a n tS a f e t y Representative. The A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representat ive shal l have the authority to halt

C-1-496136 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. :<X>2



work e f f o r t s until adequate PPE is on-site, or at his di scret ion, may determine that add i t i ona lPPE is required based on the results of site monitoring act ivi t ie s . The PPE required ingeneral inc lude s steel toe sho e s /boo t s , hard hats, orange vests, and work c lo the s in goodcondition (no holes). A d d i t i o n a l PPE may be required in the exc lus ion zone i n c l u d i n g cotton(throw away) gloves , TYVEKS (for workers involved in t ima t e ly with contaminatedmaterial), and on certain occasions, air p u r i f y i n g respirators. Review of avai lab l e data inconjunct ion with the monitoring results from sites with s imilar contaminants suggest s thatexposure to radioactive contaminants exceeding permi s s i b l e exposure l i m i t s is u n l i k e l y tooccur and use of a d d i t i o n a l PPE in the exclusion zone is not an t i c ipa t ed to be a requirement.The results of personal monitoring of workers within contro l l ed areas on the a f f e c t e d streetsshal l be continuously reviewed by the Program Admini s t ra t or and C i t y S a f e t y Representativeto determine whether the s tated PPE p o l i c y is adequate for the pro t e c t i on of worker heal thand sa f e ty .

2.2 O p e r a t i o n a l C o n s i d e r a t i o n s2.2.1 Reduction of Contaminant SpreadContaminants may spread from the active work area to surrounding areas through a variety ofmechanisms which inc lude (but are not l imi t ed to):. generation of dust containingrad ionuc l id e s , movement of par t i cu la t e matter in water, and phys i ca l removal from the siteon w o r k e r ' s c l o t h i n g or other direct mechanisms. Every e f f o r t must be made to prevent thespread of contaminated or p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated materials from the control led area.Whenever dust is generated within a contro l l ed area, or when s i g n i f i c a n t concentrations ofairborne par t i cu la t e rad i onuc l id e s are measured on a given Denver Radium Stree t workp r o j e c t , measures shall be employed to reduce such concentrations up to, and inc luding, atthe discretion of the Ci ty , c ompl e t e cessation of all work ac t iv i t i e s associated with p a r t i c u l a t egeneration. For control of par t i cu la t e s , water sprays or mist s shall rout ine ly be a p p l i e d toequipment or areas releasing p o t e n t i a l l y radioactive dusts. The water sprays or mists shall bea p p l i e d so that no concentrated r u n o f f , s tanding p o o l s or free water are produced. If anywater does accumulate it s h a l l be contained, monitored and treated as required in S e c t i o n7.2.2 under Water in Excavations. In severe cases, i n c l u d i n g windstorms or other adverseweather condit ions, advance p l a n n i n g to control release of radioactive dus t s shal l beperformed by Department of P u b l i c Works with an awareness of the unique hazardsinvolved. Measures such as covering of recently exposed, contaminated areas may benecessary to reduce the p o t e n t i a l for radioactive dust release and dispersal since these worksites are located within a den s e ly p o p u l a t e d area.

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Water shall not be introduced to (other than for dust control) or removed from the work areato the extent practical to reduce the po t en t ia l for contaminant spread through that medium. Ifp r e c i p i t a t i o n is p o s s i b l e , consideration should be given to f i r s t l y , po s tponement of thescheduled work act iv i ty, and s e condly to covering exposed work areas or s t o c k p i l e scontaining contaminated or p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated materials.In order to prevent uncontrol l ed releases of contaminants f rom the site, contaminated orp o t e n t i a l l y contaminated materials shall not be removed from the control led area, except asrequired for o f f - s i t e storage and as s p e c i f i e d under S e c t i o n 3.0 of this a p p e n d i x ( M a t e r i a l sH a n d l i n g Procedures).Each worker, prior to leaving the contro l l ed area, shal l be surveyed ( f r i s k e d ) with ana p p r o p r i a t e radiat ion monitoring instrument to ensure that no contaminated material hasadhered to their c l o t h i n g , hair, or skin. As an added precaution workers should launder workc lo the s s eparate ly f rom other items.2.2.2 Public ContactDuring operations in h i g h l y vi s ib le loca t ions , such as the a f f e c t e d C i t y streets, it is inevi tab l ethat contact with the general p u b l i c wil l occur. It is most important that the neighborhood isnot alarmed unnecessarily by act ivi t i e s in the a f f e c t e d streets. T h e r e f o r e , employee s orworkers receiving direct inquiries and questions from the general pub l i c should be courteousin referring all questions to the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative. The Ass i s tan t S a f e t yRepresentative wi l l respond to questions p o l i t e l y and emphasize that monitoring andengineering controls are in p la c e to ensure that health risks to workers and the general p u b l i cassociated with low level radioactive materials exposed during work in the a f f e c t streets areinconsequential. If the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative i s unable to answer s p e c i f i c questionsor relieve the concerns of the inquiring party, the A s s i s t a n t Safety Representative wil l re ferthe person d i r e c t ly to the Program Adminis trator.

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Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverM a r c h 1,2002

A p p e n d i x C-1 S e c t i o n 3 - M a t e r i a l s____ H a n d l i n g ProceduresAny material in c lud ing pavement, road base, road subgrade, or basement soi l s (eitherplanned or inadver t en t ly) removed from a Denver Radium Stree t during operations sha l l bemonitored by the S a f e t y Representative with a direct reading s c i n t i l l o m e t e r to determine thelevel of gamma radiation at the material surface. Based on the level of gamma radiat iondetected above local background l eve l s a de terminat ion shal l be made so that materials canbe c l a s s i f i e d according to e s tab l i shed criteria. Direct gamma measurements at the materialsurface wi l l be taken. The concentration of radium-226 wi l l be estimated based on thesurface measurements and according to the deve loped experimental correlation fac tor . Oncethe level of radium-226 has been determined the materials shall be segregated, if p o s s i b l e ,and c l a s s i f i e d in the f o l l o w i n g manner:

• Background; Mater ia l s containing 7 p C i / g or less radium-226.• Contamina t ed: Mater ia l s containing greater than 7 p C i / g radium-226.

Contaminated materials (those exceeding 7 p C i / g as des ignated by the S a f e t y Representat ive)shall be separated if p o s s i b l e and t emporari ly s t o c k p i l e d in clearly marked areas within thecontro l l ed area. Acces s to these s t o c k p i l e s sha l l be restricted through the use of barricadesand/or f l a g g i n g to reduce the po t en t ia l for p u b l i c contact. Access to these material s will becontinuously monitored by the Operator to prevent p u b l i c exposure or contact.When contaminated material s are not replaced in excavations or removed from the site by theend of a workday the materials wi l l be covered with a weighted tarp and surrounded by atemporary p l a s t i c fence. If the tarp and f ence procedures prove inadequate for maintainingcontaminated materials on site the C i t y may require that contaminated materials becontinuously monitored overnight or until they are transported by a licensed transporter to anapproved temporary storage s i te or a permanent d i spo sa l f a c i l i t y .Contaminated material s sha l l be retained and returned to the excavation if po s s i b l e . Thelocat ion of radium-contaminated materials reburied on-site wi l l be documented by theAss i s tant Safety Representative on site monitoring records and will become a permanent partof the f i l e . Reburied materials shall be covered with a new, hard surface, such as a spha l t orconcrete, having a minimum d e p t h of 6 inches to ensure no direct exposure.

C-1-7% 136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU' October 15. 1993. Lasl Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002



If retention and reburial of contaminated materials is not f e a s i b l e , the materials shall bet emporar i ly stored in the contro l l ed area on p l a s t i c sheet ing in a c l ear ly marked area orimmedia t e ly packaged or prepared for bulk shipment for transporta t ion in accordance with 49CFR 173. Documentation of al l contaminated materials prepared for d i spo sa l inc ludingvolume and d i s p o s a l de s t inat ion, must be comple t ed by the Ass i s t an t S a f e t y Representativeand will become a permanent part of the job f i l e . Containerized or bulk materials shall betransported from the control l ed area d i r e c t l y to a approved temporary storage f a c i l i t y ord i r e c t l y to an approved NORM waste f a c i l i t y by a p r o p e r l y l icensed and permit ted hauler inaccordance with all a p p l i c a b l e requirements set f o r t h in 49 C F R .

C-1-8 ,9 6 I 3 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Usi Revision 3.0 May 9. :002


A p p e n d i x C-2

S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s Procedure 2Procedures for Operat ions R e l a t i n g to T r e n c h i n g and Util i ty Cut s in the DenverRadium S t r e e t s

A p p e n d i x C-2 S e c t i o n 1 - I n t r o d u c t i o nT h i s A p p e n d i x ( C - 2 ) presents procedures for the h a n d l i n g o f mater ia l s contaminated withradium-226 elements exceeding EPA standards and that are removed (ei ther planned orinadver t en t ly) during trenching operations in the des ignated Denver Radium Stre e t s .Trench ing operat ions are d e f i n e d for the purpose s of thi s document as those operat ions inwhich greater than six-inches of soil below the lowest pavement layer are removed. The s eoperations i n c l u d e , but are not l i m i t e d to the f o l l o w i n g .

U t i l i t y Cuts (private sector)Natural Gas (Xce l EnergyElectrical Xcel EnergyT e l e p h o n e (Qwest, A T & T , U . S . S p r i n t , M C I )Cabl ev i s i on ( M i l e H i g h )U t i l i t y Cu t s (contractor*)Water T a p s : New service, repair, and m o d i f i c a t i o nSewer T a p s : New service, repair, and m o d i f i c a t i o nU t i l i t y Cut s ( m u n i c i p a l )Water S u p p l ySani tary SewerS t o r m SewerManhole Alignment

* "Contractor" shal l be construed to inc lude any contractor (p lumb ing , mechanical,etc.) licensed to p e r f o r m work on or under C i t y and County of Denver Stre e t s . Thecondi t i ons and requirements of thi s Plan shal l also be b i n d i n g on any unlicensedcontractor or other enti ty p e r f o rming work on or under C i t y and County of DenverS t r e e t s , no tw i th s tand ing such contractor or enti ty may be in v io la t ion of A r t i c l e VIII ofChapter 49 of the C i t y and County of Denver Muni c ipa l Code.

C-2-196136 02-05-OT Denver Radium Management P l a n OU7 October 15. IW3. Usi Revision 3.0 May9. 2002


A p p e n d i x C-2 S e c t i o n 2 - H e a l t h andS a f e t y a n d M o n i t o r i n gProceduresAt least 48-hours prior to the i n i t i a t i o n of operat ions the Operator w i l l contact the Ass i s t an tS a f e t y Representative and arrange for his presence at the work site as required in Sect ions 4and 5 of the Management Plan. The operator wi l l describe the proposed operat ions in d e ta i land provide a S i t e - s p e c i f i c H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan which the C i t y wi l l review and approve inthat 48-hour period. The Operator sha l l be r e spons i b l e for having the S i t e - s p e c i f i c H e a l t h andS a f e t y Plan on locat ion, reviewing its contents with all on-site personnel, and insuringadherence to the p l a n by all personnel. In the event that the Operator can demonstrate to theC i t y the e f f e c t i v e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of a s i t e - s p e c i f i c hea l th and s a f e t y p l a n and monitoringprogram that c omp l i e s with all the provis ions of this section, the operator has the op t i on ofusing their own procedures.

2.1 Worker H e a l t h and S a f e t yWorker and p u b l i c heal th and s a f e t y requirements wi l l be s p e c i f i e d in the S i t e - s p e c i f i cH e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan which w i l l be prepared by the Operator for each individual site andreviewed by the City. It is intended that these s i t e - s p e c i f i c hea l th and s a f e t y p lan s shouldgeneral ly be adapted f rom a model p l a n prepared for the Denver Radium Stree t S i t e s andshould there fore require minimal m o d i f i c a t i o n . The f o l l o w i n g paragraphs de tai l aspect s o fthe H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan for operations covered in thi s section.2.1.1 Employee Training RequirementsC e r t i f i c a t i o n of OSHA 24-hour ini t ial training and required annual refresher training forhazardous waste site workers as s p e c i f i e d in 29 CFR 1910.120 must be provided to theS a f e t y Representative for each employee working in the a f f e c t e d streets. Employee s whocannot prov ide adequate c e r t i f i c a t i o n w i l l not be a l l owed access to the con tro l l ed area.A brief s a f e t y meeting wi l l be conducted prior to the in i t i a t i on of operations at each job site.All workers w i l l be required to sign the site h ea l th and s a f e t y p l a n a t t e s t i n g to hisunders tanding of the p l a n and recognit ion of the p o t e n t i a l hazards associated with the site.

C-2-296136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Laa Revision 3.0 May 9. :002


2.1.2 Personal MonitoringPersonal monitoring of all ind iv idua l s i t e workers w i l l be conducted by the Ass i s tan t S a f e t yRepresentative. During the in i t ia l site access, monitoring for surface contamination andradiation l ev e l s shal l be per formed in s u f f i c i e n t d e ta i l to characterize the exposure andimplement site controls. T y p e s o f personal monitoring can include: I) Radiat ion dose rate byindividual thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), p o r t a b l e dose rate meter, or area dosimetry2) Radioactive surface contamination by a count rate meter 3) Airborne rad i opar t i cu la t e s bypersonal l a p e l or area samplers.The C i t y S a f e t y Representat ive shal l select the moni tor ing requirements and methods foreach site. Personal monitoring shal l be mandatory at all times during work on a f f e c t e dstreets. The C i t y S a f e t y Representative shall maintain current and c o m p l e t e records ofind iv idual workers' presence and gamma exposures on a f f e c t e d streets.True whole body gamma exposures to monitored workers may be assessed through the use ofa T L D s , p o r t a b l e dose rate meters, and area dosimetry. TLDs record the amount of gammarad ia t i on exposure on a c r y s t a l l i n e ch ip within the TLD badge unit (the size of a matchbook).The TLD is attached to a given worker between the neck and waist at the locat ion where thehighest dose is received. Personnel s t a n d i n g on the street are advised to locate the TLD atthe waist. Personnel working in a trench are advised to locate the TLD higher on the torso inorder to locate it at the l o ca t ion of highest exposure (i.e., close to the a s p h a l t ) . When gammaexposures are below l e v e l s measurable by the TLD, p o r t a b l e dose rate meters, and areadosimetry will be used.If determined to be warranted by the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative, airborne radioactivep a r t i c u l a t e inha la t i on w i l l be assessed through the use of l a p e l s ampl ing . Lapel s a m p l i n gu t i l i z e s a breathing zone 25-mm o p e n - f a c e f i l t e r cassette containing a type AE glass f i b e rf i l t e r connected to a waist-mounted p o r t a b l e pump. Work pro t e c t i on is based on 24-hourdecayed gross a l p h a count resul t s , conservatively assuming 100 percent of the count to bedue to thorium-230.Based on the re sul t s of recorded personal monitoring, the Ci ty wi l l assess the adequacy ofrequired monitoring for worker pro t e c t i on and amend the Management Plan accordingly. .The C i t y S a f e t y Repre sentat ive and A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representat ive sha l l b e r e spons i b l e f ormonitoring rad ia t i on dose rates prior to entry and during act ivi t i e s on a f f e c t e d streets.Personnel gamma exposures w i l l be monitored using a combination of area dosimetry anddose rate meters. The Ci ty Safety Representative shal l be r e spons ib l e for de t erminingexposure monitoring requirements and for record keep ing of exposure-related data.

C-2-3% 136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October IS. I 9 9 3 . Lul Revision 3.0 May 1. 2002


2.1.3 Site/Area MonitoringThe Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representat ive shall be r e spons ib l e for monitoring condi t i ons at theworksite and immediate surrounding area. Moni t or ing a c t i v i t i e s sha l l consist of thef o l l o w i n g :

1. E s t a b l i s h background l eve l s of gamma radiat ion for the s i te area using a directreading s c in t i l l ome t er . C o n t i n u o u s l y monitor the site area and determine the need forpersonal pro t e c t ive equipment.

2. Moni tor the level of gamma rad ia t i on emit t ed f r om removed material s and make adetermination of whether the materials are contaminated or non-contaminated basedton the criteria presented in S e c t i o n 3.0 of th i s a p p e n d i x .

The A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative shall document the re sul t s o f the s i t e /area monitoringresul t s and make them part of the permanent record of ac t iv i t i e s at the site.2.1.4 Exclusion ZoneA c l ear ly d e f i n e d exclusion zone wi l l be e s tab l i shed around the c on tro l l ed (work) area toprevent the general p u b l i c f rom contact ing p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated material s and to:

1. D e f i n e an area of special procedures and heightened awareness for workers.2. To serve as a boundary, out s ide which the release of contaminated materials is

considered uncontrol l ed by d e f i n i t i o n and is not permit t ed .It shall be the j o i n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of the Operator and the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representat ive toensure unauthorized entry into the exclusion zone does not occur. The exclusion zone maybe d e f i n e d by the use of barricades, f l a g g i n g , or f e n c i n g , but must be adequate to preventinadvertent entry by unauthorized persons. In all cases where work areas are adjacent tore s ident ia l areas, di scre t ion shall be u t i l i z e d to ensure the p u b l i c is not unduly alarmed; whi lethe exclusion zone concept must be s t r i c t ly adhered to, it shall be accompl i shed in asinconspicuous manner as p o s s i b l e (See 2.2.2 of this a p p e n d i x ) .2.1.5 Personal Protective EquipmentIt shall be mandatory for all on-site personnel to wear personal pro t e c t ive equipment (PPE)as directed by the S i t e H e a l t h and S a f e t y P l a n , the S a f e t y Representative, or the A s s i s t a n tS a f e t y Representative. The A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representat ive shall have the authority to haltwork e f f o r t s until adequate PPE is on-site, or at his discretion, may determine that add i t i ona l

C-2-496136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. IW. Last Revision 3.0 May 1. 2002


PPE is required based on the re sul t s of site monitoring ac t iv i t i e s . The PPE required ingeneral includes steel toe shoe s /boo t s , hard hats, orange vests, and work c lo the s in goodcondi t ion (no hole s). A d d i t i o n a l PPE may be required in the exc lus ion zone i n c l u d i n g cotton(throw away) gloves , tyveks ( f o r workers involved i n t i m a t e l y with contaminated mater ial),and on certain occasions, air p u r i f y i n g respirators. Review of ava i lab l e data in conjunc t i onwith the monitoring re su l t s from sites with s imilar contaminants sugges t s that exposure toradioactive contaminants exceeding permi s s i b l e exposure l i m i t s is u n l i k e l y to occur and useof a d d i t i o n a l PPE in the exclusion zone is not an t i c ipa t ed to be a requirement.The re sul t s of personal monitoring of workers within c on tro l l ed areas on the a f f e c t e d streetsshal l be continuously reviewed by the Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r and C i t y S a f e t y Repre sentat iveto determine whether the s tated PPE p o l i c y is adequate for the pro t e c t i on of worker h ea l thand safe ty.2.2 O p e r a t i o n a l C o n s i d e r a t i o n s2.2.1 Reduction of Contaminant SpreadContaminants may spread f r om the active work area to surrounding areas through a variety ofmechanisms which inc lude (but are not l i m i t e d to): generation of dust containingradionucl ide s , movement of par t i cu la t e matter in water, and physical removal from the siteon w o r k e r ' s c l o t h i n g or other direct mechanisms. Every e f f o r t must be made to prevent thespread of contaminated or p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated material s f r om the c on tro l l ed area.Whenever dust is generated within a contro l l ed area, or when s ign i f i can t concentrations ofairborne p a r t i c u l a t e rad ionuc l id e s are measured on a given Denver Radium Stree t workproje c t , measures shal l be employed to reduce such concentrations up to, and i n c l u d i n g , atthe di scre t ion of the C i t y , c ompl e t e cessation of all work ac t iv i t i e s associated with p a r t i c u l a t egeneration. For control of p a r t i c u l a t e s , water sprays or mist s shal l rout ine ly be a p p l i e d toequipment or areas releasing p o t e n t i a l l y radioactive dusts. The water sprays or mists shall bea p p l i e d so that no concentrated r u n o f f , s tanding p o o l s or f r e e water are produced. If anywater does accumulate it shal l be contained, monitored and treated as required in S e c t i o n7.2.2 under Water in Excavations. In severe cases, i n c l u d i n g windstorms or other adverseweather condit ions, advance p lann ing to control release of radioactive dusts shall beperformed by Department of P u b l i c Works with an awareness of the unique hazardsinvolved. Measures such as covering of recent ly expo s ed , contaminated areas may benecessary to reduce the po t en t ia l for radioactive dust release and d i sper sa l since these worksites are located within a d en s e ly p o p u l a t e d area.Water shall not be introduced to (other than for dust c on tro l) or removed from the excavationto the extent prac t i ca l to reduce the p o t e n t i a l for contaminant migration through thi s media.

C-2-596136 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 O c t o b e r . l S . I 9 9 3 . Last Revi skmJ.O May 9. :002


If p r e c i p i t a t i o n is p o s s i b l e the excavation should be covered and the area around theexcavation m o d i f i e d to prevent surface run-off from entering the excavation.

iIn cases where water i n f l o w into the a f f e c t e d streets and subsurface is occurring (e.g. watermain and sewer breaks) the Operator wi l l take the necessary s t ep s to s t op water i n f l o w as af i r s t priority. To the extent p o s s i b l e , water from these sources should be contained in thework area. Radium-226 that has survived in the ground since 1930 is most l i k e l y i n s o l u b l eand not l i k e l y to be waterborne. However, it is p o s s i b l e for radioactive contaminatedmaterial s to be spread in the r e su l t ing muddy residues and sediments. Precautions top r e c l u d e the spread of rad ia t i on contaminated mud on shoes, c l o t h i n g , excavation equipment,etc., wi l l be in s t i t u t ed on a case by case basis by the Ass i s tant S a f e t y Representative.In order to prevent uncontrolled releases of contaminants from the site, contaminated orp o t e n t i a l l y contaminated material s shal l not be removed from the c o n t r o l l e d area, except asrequired for o f f - s i t e storage and as s p e c i f i e d under S e c t i o n 3.0 of this a p p e n d i x ( M a t e r i a l sH a n d l i n g Procedures).Each worker, prior to leaving the c on tro l l ed area, shal l be surveyed ( f r i s k e d ) with ana p p r o p r i a t e radiat ion monitoring instrument to ensure that no contaminated material hasadhered to their c l o th ing , hair, or skin. As an added precaution workers should launder workc lo the s s epara t e ly from other items.2.2.2 Public ContactDuring operations in h i g h l y vi s ib le locat ions , such as the a f f e c t e d Ci ty streets, it is inevi tablethat contact with the general p u b l i c wi l l occur. It is most important that the neighborhood isnot alarmed unnecessarily by ac t iv i t i e s in the a f f e c t e d streets. T h e r e f o r e , employees orworkers receiving direct inquiries and questions from the general pub l i c should be courteousin re ferring al l quest ions to the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative. The A s s i s t a n t S a f e t yRepresentat ive w i l l respond to questions p o l i t e l y and emphasize that moni tor ing andengineering controls are in p la c e to ensure that heal th risks to workers and the general pub l i cassociated with low level radioactive materials exposed during work in the a f f e c t streets areinconsequential. If the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representative i s unable to answer s p e c i f i c questionsor relieve the concerns of the inquiring party, the Ass i s t an t Safety Representative wi l l re f erthe person d i r e c t l y to the Program Admini s t ra t or .

C-2-696136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


A p p e n d i x C-2 S e c t i o n 3 - M a t e r i a l s____ H a n d l i n g ProceduresAny material i n c l u d i n g pavement, road base, road subgrade, or basement so i l s (eitherplanned or i n a d v e r t e n t l y ) removed from a Denver Radium Stree t during operations shall bemonitored by the S a f e t y Representat ive with a direct reading s c i n t i l l o m e t e r to determine thelevel of gamma radiation at the material surface. Based on the level of gamma radiationdetected above local background l ev e l s a determination shal l be made so that material s canbe c l a s s i f i e d according to e s tab l i sh ed criteria. Direct gamma measurements at the materialsurface wi l l be taken. The concentration of radium-226 wi l l be e s t imated based on thesurface measurements and according to the d eve l oped experimental correlation factor. Oncethe level of radium-226 has been determined the mater ia l s shall be s egregated, if p o s s i b l e ,and c l a s s i f i e d in the f o l l o w i n g manner:

• Background: M a t e r i a l s containing 7 p C i / g or les s radium-226.• C o n t a m i n a t e d : M a t e r i a l s containing greater than 7 p C i / g radium-226.

Contaminated materials (those exceeding 7 p C i / g as de s ignated by the S a f e t y Repre sentat ive)shall be separated if p o s s i b l e and t emporari ly s t o c k p i l e d in clearly marked areas within thecontro l l ed area. Access to these s t o c k p i l e s shall be restricted through the use of barricadesand/or f l a g g i n g to reduce the po t en t ia l for p u b l i c contact. Access to these materials will becont inuous ly monitored by the Operator to prevent p u b l i c exposure or contact.When contaminated materials are not replaced in excavations or removed from the si te by theend of a workday the mater ial s w i l l be covered with a weighted tarp and surrounded by atemporary p l a s t i c fence. If the tarp and fence procedures prove inadequate for maintainingcontaminated materials on site the C i t y may require that contaminated materials becont inuous ly monitored overnight or until they are transported by a licensed transporter to anapproved temporary storage si te or a permanent d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t y .Contaminated material s sha l l be retained and returned to the excavation if po s s i b l e . Thelocat ion of radium-contaminated material s reburied on-site will be documented by theAss i s t an t S a f e t y Representat ive on site monitoring records and wi l l become a permanent partof the f i l e . Reburied material s shal l be covered with a new, hard surface, such as a spha l t ofconcrete, having a minimum d e p t h of 6 inches to ensure no direct exposure.

C-2-796136 0:-05-09 Denver Radium Manasrmml Plan OU7 October 15. I W». Lan Revision 3.0 May 9. 200:


If retention and reburial of contaminated materials is not f e a s i b l e , the materials shall bet emporari ly stored in the contro l l ed area on p l a s t i c sheet ing in a c l ear ly marked area orimmed ia t e ly packaged or prepared for bulk shipment for transportat ion in accordance with 49CFR 173. Documentation of al l contaminated materials prepared for d i s p o s a l in c lud ingvolume and d i spo sa l d e s t ina t i on , must be c ompl e t ed by the A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Representat iveand wi l l become a permanent part of the job f i l e . Containerized or bulk materials shall betransported f rom the contro l l ed area d i r e c t l y to a approved temporary storage f a c i l i t y ord i r e c t l y to an approved NORM waste f a c i l i t y by a p r o p e r l y l icensed and permitted hauler inaccordance with all a p p l i c a b l e requirements set f o r t h in 49 CFR.

C-2-896136 02-05-W Denver Radium Managemcnl Plan OUT Oclober 15. 1993. Laa Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


A p p e n d i x C-3

S p e c i a l C o n d i t i o n s ProcedureFor Operations R e l a t i n g to D e m o l i t i o n and Reconstruct ion in the DenverRadium Stree t s

Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 2002

A p p e n d i x C-3 S e c t i o n 1 - I n t r o d u c t i o nT h i s appendix (C-3) presents procedures for handl ing materials contaminated with radium-226 that exceed EPA standards for soil c leanup, which are removed from the a f f e c t e d streetsduring roadway reconstruction. For the purpo s e of this document, roadway reconstruction isd e f i n e d as cut t ing of entire a spha l t mat into b locks using wet saws and removing the a sphal tmat and p o t e n t i a l l y contaminated subgrade, curbs, in l e t s and other mater ial s in contact withthe contaminated materials. Sub grade is d e f i n e d as u p p e r two (2) inches of material belowthe a sphal t mat, and any radium -contaminated material f rom previous r o a d / u t i l i t y repairs asmaterial buried under streets a f t e r u t i l i t y l ine repair or upgrade.

C-3-1% 136 02-05-09 DCTVCT Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May9. :003



A p p e n d i x C-3 S e c t i o n 2 - H e a l t h andS a f e t y a n d M o n i t o r i n gProceduresAt least 14 days prior to the i n i t i a t i o n of operations the Contractor sha l l a) contact C i t yRadium S t r e e t s Replacement Proj e c t ' Pro j e c t Manager ( A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Repre s enta t ive) tos chedule a s i te meeting and b) submit to the C i t y a S i t e - S p e c i f i c H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan thatcovers the work to be p er f ormed . At the site meeting the Contractor shall describe to theC i t y the proposed work and procedures that w i l l be used in the work.The S i t e - S p e c i f i c H e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan ( P l a n ) prepared and submit ted by the Contractorw i l l be reviewed by the C i t y within 14 days. If the Plan does not meet the requirements ofthis Management Plan, the C i t y will request that the Contractor revise and resubmit the Plan.The Plan shal l address pro t e c t i on of the environment, persons, and proper ty for contaminantsthat maybe encountered on the p r o j e c t and the s a f e removal of radium contaminatedmaterials.The contractor shall be r e spons ib l e for having the Plan on loca t ion, reviewing its contentswith all site personnel, and insuring adherence to the Plan by all personnel.The contractor shall c omply with all a p p l i c a b l e environmental, s a f e t y , and h ea l threquirements. The contractor shal l p er f orm work s a f e l y , in a manner that ensures adequatepro t e c t i on for employee s , the p u b l i c , and the environment, and shall be accountable for thesame performance of work.The contractor shall exercise a degree of care commensurate with the work and theassociated hazards. The contractor shal l ensure that management of environment; s a f e t y andheal th f u n c t i o n s and ac t iv i t i e s become an integral but v i s i b l e part of the work p lanning andexecution processes.The contractor s h a l l , in the per formance of work, ensure :

• Clear and unambiguous l ines of authority and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for ensuringEnvironmental Protec t ion, H e a l t h and S a f e t y are e s t ab l i s h ed and maintained at allorganizational l eve l s .

C-3-296136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1995. Las! Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverM a r c h 2002

• Personnel possess the experience, knowledge, s k i l l s , and a b i l i t i e s that arenecessary to p er f orm their r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s ;

• The work is managed and per f ormed in accordance with "The Management Planfor Denver Radium S i t e s Streets".

2.1 W o r k e r H e a l t h and S a f e t yWorker and p u b l i c h ea l th and s a f e t y requirements wi l l be s p e c i f i e d in the S i t e - s p e c i f i cH e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan, which w i l l be prepared by the contractor for each individual site andreviewed by the City. The f o l l o w i n g paragraphs d e ta i l aspect s of the H e a l t h and S a f e t y Planfor operations covered in this section.2.1.1 Employee Training RequirementsC e r t i f i c a t i o n of OSHA 24-hour i n i t i a l training and required annual refresher training forhazardous waste site workers as s p e c i f i e d in 29 CFR 1910.120 must be provided to theCCOD S a f e t y Representative for each employee working in the a f f e c t e d streets. Employee swho cannot prov ide adequate c e r t i f i c a t i o n w i l l not be a l lowed access to the exc lus ion zone.A brief s a f e t y meeting will be conducted prior to the in i t ia t i on of operations at each job site.All workers w i l l be required to sign the site h ea l th and s a f e t y p l a n a t t e s t ing to hisunders tanding of the p lan and recognition of the p o t e n t i a l hazards associated with the site.2.1.2 Personal MonitoringThe C o n t r a c t o r s ' H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r shal l conduct personal monitoring o f a l lindiv idual site workers. During the ini t ial site access, monitoring for surface contaminationand radiat ion l eve l s shall be per formed in s u f f i c i e n t d e ta i l to characterize the exposure andimplement site controls. T y p e s of personal monitoring can include: 1) Radiation dose rate byindiv idual thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD), p o r t a b l e dose rate meter, or area dos imetry2) Radioact ive surface contaminat ion by a count rate meter 3) Airborne radio p a r t i c u l a t e s bypersonal l a p e l (BZ meter) or area samplers.The C o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r shal l select the monitoring requirements andmethods for each site. Personal monitoring sha l l be mandatory at all times during work ona f f e c t e d streets. The C o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r shall maintain current andc o m p l e t e records of indiv idual workers' presence and gamma exposures on a f f e c t e d streets.

C-3-396136 OM)5-09 Denver Radium Manayerncm Plan OU7 October 15. 1943. Las! Revision 3.0 May?. :00:


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMarch 2002

True whole body gamma exposures to monitored workers may be assessed through the use ofT L D s , p or tab l e dose rate meters, and area dosimetry. T L D s record the amount of gammaradiat ion exposure on a c r y s t a l l i n e ch ip within the TLD badge unit. The TLD is attached to agiven worker between the neck and waist at the locat ion where the highest dose is received.Personnel s tanding on the street are advised to locate the TLD at the waist. Personnelworking in a trench are advised to locate the TLD higher on the torso in order to locate it atthe lo ca t ion of highest exposure (i.e., close to the a s p h a l t ) . When gamma exposures arebelow l e v e l s measurable by the TLD, p o r t a b l e dose rate meters, and area dos imetry wi l l beused.If determined to be warranted by the C i t y Radium S t r e e t s Replacement Project' Pro j e c tManager ( A s s i s t a n t S a f e t y Repre s enta t ive), airborne radioact ive p a r t i c u l a t e inhalat ion wil l beassessed through the use of l a p e l s ampl ing . Lape l s a m p l i n g u t i l i z e s a breathing zone 25-mmopen-face f i l t e r cassette containing a type AE glass f i b e r f i l t e r connected to a waist-mountedpor tab l e pump. Work pro t e c t i on is based on 24-hour decayed gross a l p h a count re sul t s ,conservatively assuming 100 percent of the count to be due to thorium-230.The C o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r shall b e r e spon s i b l e f or monitoring radiation doserates prior to entry and during act ivi t i e s on a f f e c t e d streets. Personnel gamma exposures wi l lbe monitored using a combination of area dosimetry and dose rate meters. Exposure recordswi l l be used by the c o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r to determine the un l ik e ly need forpersonnel exposure time restrictions. The C o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r shal l b ere spons ib l e for determining exposure-monitoring requirements and for record keeping ofexposure-related data.2.2 S i t e / A r e a M o n i t o r i n gThe contractor shall be re sponsible for monitoring cond i t i on s at the worksite and immediatesurrounding area. Moni tor ing ac t iv i t i e s shall consist of the f o l l o w i n g :

1. E s t a b l i s h i n g background monitoring conditions.2. Moni tor ing in the marked and surveyed lateral l i m i t s of excavation prior to any

removal action ac t iv i t i e s;3. C o n t i n u o u s l y monitoring the site area and immediate surrounding area to minimize

cross-contamination.

C-3-496IJ6 02-05-OT Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. IW. Us! Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver R a d i u m S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMarch 2002

4. Moni tor ing the level of gamma radiat ion emitted from removed materials andmaintaining adequate inventory ( i n c l u d i n g a c t iv i ty measurements) of material s loadedin containers.

The C o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h and S a f e t y O f f i c e r shal l document th e re sul t s o f t h e s i t e /areamonitoring re su l t s and make them part of the permanent record of a c t iv i t i e s at the site. C i t yand County of Denver shall use r e su l t s f rom site monitoring a f t e r removal of contaminatedmaterials in support of d e - l i s t i n g the s i t e f rom the N a t i o n a l Priori ty Lis t of Compres s iveEnvironmental Response, Compensation, and L i a b i l i t y Act C E R C L A sites.

2.3 E x c l u s i o n ZoneLateral l i m i t s of excavation sha l l be marked and surveyed prior to any removal actionact iv i t i e s . Underground u t i l i t i e s shal l be located and marked by the contractor prior to anyremoval action act ivi t i e s . Loca t i on of buried contaminated materials associated with previousrepairs wi l l be located and marked by the C i t y and County of Denver, EnvironmentalServices. N o t i f i c a t i o n of in t ended street closure shal l be pos ted 10 days in advance of work.Traffic control signage placement and measures sha l l be implemented in accordance toColorado Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n (CDOT) and C i t y and County of DenverEngineering S t a n d a r d s prior to any removal action.All excavations, removal operat ions , and s t o c k p i l i n g sha l l be maintained as an exclus ionzone secured with temporary construction f e n c i n g or other means from p u b l i c access duringactive work and periods of inact ivi ty. Entry into an exclusion zone w i l l be restricted top r o p e r l y trained personnel. Contaminated surface s and material s shall not be left unprotectedduring periods of inactivity.

2.4 Personal Prot e c t ive E q u i p m e n tIt shal l be mandatory for all on-site personnel having the p o t e n t i a l for direct contact withcontaminated material s to wear personal pro t e c t iv e equipment (PPE) as directed by the S i t e -S p e c i f i c H e a l t h a n d S a f e t y Plan. T h e C o n t r a c t o r ' s H e a l t h a n d S a f e t y O f f i c e r , t h e S a f e t yRepresentat ive , or the C i t y Radium S t r e e t s Replacement Project' Pro j e c t Manager ( A s s i s t a n tS a f e t y Repre s enta t ive) s h a l l have the authority to halt work e f f o r t s unti l adequate PPE isbeing used on-site, or may determine that a d d i t i o n a l PPE is required based on the re sul t s ofsite monitoring ac t iv i t i e s . The PPE required in general includes work c lo the s in goodcondit ion (no hole s), steel toe shoe s /boo t s , cotton (throw away) gloves, and TYVEK forworkers involved i n t i m a t e l y with contaminated material.

C-3-596136 OMM-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OL'7 October 15. 1993. Usl Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 2002

The results of personal monitoring of workers within con tro l l ed areas on the a f f e c t e d streetsshall be cont inuous ly reviewed by the Program A d m i n i s t r a t o r and C i t y S a f e t y Repre s entat iveto determine whether the stated PPE p o l i c y is adequate for the pro t e c t i on of worker heal thand sa f e ty .

C-3-696136 02-05-09 Demo Radium Management Plan OU7 Oclober 15. 1993. Lasi Revision 3.0 May9. 2002


Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nC i t y and C o u n t y of DenverMarch 2002

A p p e n d i x C-3 S e c t i o n 3 - M a t e r i a l s________Handl ing Procedure s3.1 S e g m e n t a l Excavat ion and Sub G r a d e RemovalThe entire a spha l t mat is expec t ed to be cut into b locks using a wet saw. The blocks areexpec ted be s l i g h t l y less than 4 by 4 f e e t so that they can be stacked into standard 120-cubic-f o o t containers that are 4 f e e t by 8 f e e t by 4 f e e t high. It is l i k e l y that some of the a sphal t atthe bottom of the mat section w i l l crumble into sand and gravel size pieces and contaminatethe upper part (0 to 2 inches) of the soil below the a sphal t during the removal process. Thea spha l t mat and the upper two (2") inches of material, that is categorized as subgrade is alsoexpec t ed be removed and handled as a contaminated material. Water should be used to keepthe soil below the a s p h a l t and the f i n e r pieces of a s p h a l t wet to reduce the po t en t ia l forrelease of airborne contaminated par t i cu la t e s .3.2 R a d i u m - C o n t a m i n a t e d Buried A s p h a l tPrevious excavations through streets that contain radium-contaminated a spha l t have beenmade at several l o ca t ions for routine u t i l i t y repair and upgrades. The radium-contaminatedasphalt that was removed from the streets has been buried at d e p t h s between 1 and 11 f e e tbelow the top of the pavement. Locations and d e p t h s of the buried contaminated material scan be obtained from the Ass i s t an t S a f e t y Representative.Non-contaminated material can be removed to about 12 inches above the top of the buriedmaterial with a backhoe.. The f i n a l 12 inches of material above the contaminated a spha l tshould be removed by a laborer using a shovel to avoid cross contamination and added to thes t o ckp i l e . It is expected that most of the contaminated a spha l t pieces could be removed usingthe backhoe. A laborer using a shovel may be required to remove the remaining smallerpieces. The contaminated material would be l oaded into containers, the excavation wi l l beb a c k f i l l e d with a p p r o p r i a t e l y sized clean f i l l that meets CCOD criteria for b a c k f i l l understreets.

C-3-796136 (G-05-09 Denver Radium M a n a j j e m e n i Plan OU7 October IS. 1993. Last Revision 30 May 9. :002

GEI Consu l t an t s , Inc.

Denver R a d i u m S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 2002

A p p e n d i x C-3 S e c t i o n 4 -C o n t a i n e r i z a t i o nAll empty containers should be v i s u a l l y inspected to ensure that containers do not containwater and do not have damage such as holes.The Contractor shall ensure that each container is equipped with aux i l iary l i f t i n g devices toa l l ow h a n d l i n g with f o r k l i f t or crane.The Contractor shall fill containers with a spha l t mat such that the interior volume is ase f f i c i e n t l y and compac t ly loaded as prac t i ca l , up to the maximum a l l o w a b l e gross weightl imi t of the container. When a p p l i c a b l e , the contractor shal l use contaminated subgrade orcontaminated materials material from previous r o a d / u t i l i t y repairs to f i l l void space.After packaging, each container shal l be closed and adequately sealed to prevent entry ofsnow or rain or the removal of contaminated material. The contents of each container shall berecorded such as average act ivi ty per container and net weight, and the external surface ofeach container surveyed for removable rad io l og i ca l contamination using the proceduredescribed in Part 4.1 below or other a p p r o p r i a t e procedure.

4.1 W i p e Survey for Removable C o n t a m i n a t i o n on S h i p p i n gC o n t a i n e r s4.1.1 GeneralT h i s procedure describes methods and techniques to be used in the per formance of surveysfor removable radioactive contamination on s h i p p i n g containers. T h i s work should also beper formed in accordance with CFR 173.443(a).The f o l l o w i n g are a p p l i c a b l e to this procedure:

• Contaminat ion: The presence of radioact ive material in any p l a c e where itspresence is undesirable.

• Removable Contaminat ion: That port ion of the contamination present on asurface that can be transferred to another lo ca t ion or material by rubbing withmoderate pressure.

C-3-8W 1 3 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. I 9 9 3 . Usl Revision 3.0 .Vb> 9. 200:


Denver Radium S i t e M a n a g e m e n t P l a nCity and County of DenverMarch 2002

• F i x e d Contamination: Radioac t iv i ty , which cannot be removed without e f f e c t i n gthe removal of some por t i on of the surface, which is contaminated

• T o t a l Contamination: Represents all radioac t iv i t i e s present on a surface, bothremovable and f i x e d .

• Minimum Detec table A c t i v i t y (MDA): The minimum level of radiat ion orradioact ivi ty that can be measured by a s p e c i f i c instrument or technique. TheMDA is u sua l ly e s tab l i shed on the basis of 95 percent conf idence .

Personnel should be f a m i l i a r with expec t ed radiat ion exposure rates in the areas to besurveyed and sha l l wear protec t ive gloves when taking wipe samples . Personnel obtainingthe sample s shall use appropr ia t e monitoring as d e f i n e d in the C o n t r a c t o r ' s S i t e - S p e c i f i cH e a l t h and S a f e t y Plan.4.1.2 Procedure4.1.2.1 SamplingFor each container to be surveyed use the W i p e Survey form, f i l l i n g in the requiredi n f o r m a t i o n on them. Perform at least two wipe te s t s per container by rubbing with moderatepressure over an area of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 300 cm2 or 46.5 square inches.Place each wipe in a protec t ive ho lder to prevent it from contaminating other sample s , orf rom being contaminated by other samples.4.1.2.2 C o u n t i n g Wipe S a m p l e sPlace an unused wipe (a b lank) on a clean p lanche t t e , insert it into the second slot from thetop of the sample holder, and count it for 5 minutes (tb). Cal cu la t e the background count rate(Rb) as f o l l o w s :

Rb= (Total background counts) / 5 minutesRecord the background counts per minute (cpm) on the survey form. .The background countrate (Rb) must be no more than 100 cpm. Count background each time a group of wipes areto be counted, or once every four (4) hours. Remove the blank from the s a m p l e counter.Place a wipe sample on a clean p lanche t t e . Count the sample for 5 minutes (t s). Record totalcounts on the survey form. C a l c u l a t e the sample count rate (R s) as f o l l o w s :

C-3-996136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OUT October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. 2002



R s = (Total S a m p l e Counts) / 5 minutesRecord sampl e count rate (R s) on the survey form.If R s is less than Rb or is zero, record "NDA" (no d e t e c t a b l e a c t iv i ty) in the d p m / c m 2 columnon the survey form.C a l c u l a t e the removable act ivi ty as f o l l o w s :

Removable A c t i v i t y d p m / c m2 = (R s-Rt>) / (E) (300cm2)

Where:E = Detector e f f i c i e n c y (must be > 20 percent)300 cm = Area over which wipe sample was takenR s = S a m p l e count rate

Rb = Background count rateRecord d p m / c m 2 on the survey form.If the removable activity is greater than 2.2 d p m / c m 2 , decontaminate the container andresurvey. If the corrected count rate (Rs - Rb) is less than 10 cpm, record "NDA" (nod e t e c t a b l e ac t iv i ty) in the d p m / c m 2 column on the survey form.4 .2 M i n i m u m D e t e c t a b l e A c t i v i t y (MDA)MDA is ca l cu la t ed as f o l l o w s :

M D A d p m / C m 2 = K, 2 + 2 K, *{ [ R b * t s ( ( l + ( t A ) ) ] " 2 } / ( t , ) * ( E ) * ( A )Where:

Rb = background count rate in cpmt s = sample count time in minutestb = background count time in minutesE = detec tor e f f i c i e n c y in counts per d i s in t egrat ionA = area wiped

S e t t i n g each of the variables in the equation equal to the maximum (or minimum)ant i c ipat ed values, the MDA can be ca l cu la t ed for the worst-case s i tuation.MDA 95%= 0.36 d p m / c m 2

C-3-10%136 02-05-W Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision 3 0 May o. 200:


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 2002

Where:Rb = 100 cpmts = 5 minutestb = 5 minutesE = 0.20 counts per d i s in t egrat ionA =300 cm2

K , = 1.6462MDA9 5 o / 1 ( = 0.36 d p m / c m 2

The calculated MDA is a p p r o x i m a t e l y 16 percent of the l imi t (2.2 d p m / c m 2 ) .If Rb is no greater than 100 cpm, tb = 5 minutes, ts = 5 minutes, and E is no les s than 20percent, then the minimum d e t e c t a b l e a c t i v i t y (MDA) wi l l be less than 2.2 d p m / c m 2 at the 95percent c o n f i d e n c e l evel . If one or more of these parameters is out s ide the required range,contact the Radiation S a f e t y O f f i c e r .

C-3-11W136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. IW3. Last Revision 3.0 May 9. ICX


Denver Radium S i t e Management P l a nCity and County of DenverMarch 2002

A p p e n d i x C-3 S e c t i o n 5 -E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n t r o l s

At least 14 days prior to the in i t ia t ion of operat ions the Contractor shal l submit to the C i t y anEnvironmental Control Plan that covers the work to be p er f ormed . The EnvironmentalControl Plan ( P l a n ) prepared and submitted by the Contractor will be reviewed by the Citywithin 14 days. The C i t y w i l l review, and comment on the Plan but at a minimum the p l a nshal l address operational controls to minimize the impact on the environment from dus t ,storm water, etc.Environmental C o n t r o l s to be provided by the Contractor are described in the f o l l o w i n gsections:

5.1 Dust Contro lDescription of the methods and materials to be used to suppress and minimize the creationand di spers ion of dust during operations.5.2 S t o r m W a t e r Contro lDescription of the methods, material s , and features to be used to capture and controlstormwater. Stormwater shall be managed to prevent sediment, debris, or other undesiredmaterials from entering the stormwater sewer system.

5.3 Air M o n i t o r i n g and S a m p l i n gAir emissions from operations, i n c l u d i n g saw cut t ing, excavation and filling containers maycontain radioact ive and inorganic par t i cu la t e s , as well as radon. The contractor shall de s ignand control operations to minimize the release of all contaminants to air. At a minimum, airmonitoring for par t i cu la t e s matter and PM-10 shall be p er formed by the Contractor. Thedecis ion whether a d d i t i o n a l s a m p l i n g and/or monitoring is required d e p e n d s on thee f f e c t i v e n e s s of dust control.5.3.1 Total Suspended Particulates Air MonitoringThree to f i v e l o ca t i on s wi l l be des ignated around the perimeter of the si te for continuous totalair par t i cu la t e monitoring. Two locations will be selected for a background reference, located

C-3-129 6 I 3 6 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. 1993. Last Revision 3.0 May ». :6o: .


Denver Radium S i t e Managemen t P l a nC i t y and County of DenverMarch 2002

at least one mile in a p r e d o m i n a n t l y upwind locat ion from the site. The s e backgroundmonitors are in a d d i t i o n to the other monitoring locat ions to accumulate comparativebackground data. All l o ca t i on s wi l l u t i l i z e high-volume samplers. Air samplers wi l l operatecontinuously. F i l t e r s w i l l be c o l l e c t e d weekly and analyzed for gross a l p h a ac t iv i ty f o l l o w i n ga 36-hour period to a l l o w for the radioactive decay of radon progeny. I n d i v i d u a l f i l t e r s wil lbe analyzed weekly for gross a l p h a act ivi ty, evaluated , and compared with the radium-226l i m i t s f or e f f l u e n t di scharge per a p p l i c a b l e regulations. In a d d i t i o n , f i l t e r samples w i l l b ecompo s i t ed month ly for i s o t o p i c analysi s to i d e n t i f y contaminant specie s l i s t e d in T a b l e 6.1of the Management Plan.The re sul t s wil l be used to evaluate radio log i ca l dose impac t s to members of the generalp u b l i c and to demonstrate that the dose impact to the p u b l i c is wi thin the U . S . E P A l imi t of 10mi l l i r em per year per 10 CFR 20 S u b p a r t D-Radiat ion Dose L i m i t s for I n d i v i d u a l Membersof the Pub l i c .I s o t o p i c analysi s concentrations w i l l be used to also evaluate that perimeter airconcentrations are within regulatory l imi t s . Week ly , m o n t h l y - v a l i d a t e d analytical data shallbe maintained at the c o n t r a c t o r ' s f i e l d o f f i c e and shal l be r ead i ly a v a i l a b l e to the community.PM-10 Real-Time Air Moni t o r ingOne location wi l l be de s ignated around the perimeter of the site for continuousmeasurement. The l o ca t i on wi l l be located in critical areas of operation (e.g., areasant i c ipa t ed to generate dust such as during saw-cutting and container l o a d i n g ac t iv i t i e s).H i g h volume samplers wi l l be used to measure the amount of P M - 1 0 released into theenvironment during saw cut t ing, and trans f er of waste to containers. The averageconcentration of P M - 1 0 s h a l l be per formed every three (3) hours and the averageconcentration shall not exceed 50ug/m 3 .All work shall c o m p l y with the requirements set f o r t h in the Clean Air Act ( 4 2 U S C 7401)and the Denver Revised Municipal Code.5 0 u g / m 3 average concentration three-hour is d e f i n e d as action level for "Operations Rela t ingto Demol i t i on and Reconstruction in the Denver Radium Streets". Work shall s t op if P M - 1 0concentration average three-hour exceeds the action l eve l .5.4 D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n P l a nM e t h o d s and equipment for decontaminat ion.

C-3-1396136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Managemem Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Las Revision -.0 May 1. 2002



5.5 Wastewater ControlM e t h o d s to be used to minimize, or recycle the wastewater produced during decontaminationof equipment.

C-3-149 6 I 3 6 0:-OS-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October IS. I 9 9 3 . Last Revision 3.0 May9. 2002



A p p e n d i x C-3 S e c t i o n 6 - C o n f i r m a t i o n" C l e a n ' ' a n d ReleaseU p o n c o m p l e t i o n of the des igned removal action, pre- f ina l rad io l og i ca l surveys shal l beconducted by the Contractor to detect any remaining elevated radio logical activities. Thecontractor shall confirm that Ra-226 removal criterion of 5 p C i / g above background, the U . S .EPA S t a n d a r d s for S o i l C l e a n u p 40 CFR 192.12, as d e f i n e d in this Management P l a n hasbeen attained by p e r f o r m i n g a walkover survey with gamma radiat ion detector.U p o n s a t i s f a c t i o n with re sul t s f rom walkover survey, the contractor shal l p e r f o r m f i n a lrad io log i ca l surveys to demonstrate that residual rad ioac t iv i ty in each survey unit s a t i s f i e s thepredetermined criteria for release for unrestricted use u t i l i z i n g M u l t i Agency Radiat ionSurvey and S i t e Inve s t iga t i on Manual, MARSSIM.Survey units wi l l be d e f i n e d as f o l l o w s :

• Clas s 1 units r e f er to a sphal t pavement areas where Ra-226 concentrations exceedderived concentration gu id e l in e l ev e l s (DCGL) or s i t e - s p e c i f i c c leanup criteria of7 p C i / g .

• C l a s s 2 units are assigned to areas of the site where there may have been impact s ,but there is no evidence that 7 p C i / g were exceeded. Cla s s 2 units may refer tosoil sub grade;

• C l a s s 3 units are assigned areas where there is no evidence of s i g n i f i c a n tcontamination, but some data c o l l e c t i o n is s t i l l deemed necessary. C l a s s 3 re f er tostone curb, gutter.

C-3-1596136 02-05-09 Denver Radium Management Plan OU7 October 15. 1993. Last Revision .-.0 May 9. 200:


A p p e n d i x D

G E I P r e o p e r a t i o n a l SurveyMarch 1996

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N O T E S1. BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BY PACINGF R O M T H E E X I S T I N G C U R B S .

2 . D E P T H T O C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S M E A S U R E D F R O M T H E T O P O F T H E CORE S A M P L EU S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E .L E G E N D

C2O1R .ÂPPROXIMATE CORE LOCATION(4.5/7.5) E S T I M A T E D D E P T H T O Ra-226 C O N T A M I N A T I O N ( I N C H E S )T O T A L A S P H A L T T H I C K N E S S ( I N C H E S )( N A / 7 . 5 ) C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S N O T E N C O U N T E R E D W I T H I N D E P T H O F CORE

A R E A O F C O N T A M I N A T E D M A T E R I A L B A S E D O N A R I X S U R V E Y

S C A L E I N F E E TC I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

Consul tant s , Inc.


PROJECT NO. 95082

SITE MAP NO.1C H E E S E M A N E A S TSHEET 1 OF 7

UAR. 1996 I FIGURE 2A

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1. BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BY PACINGF R O M T H E E X I S T I N G CURBS.2. DEPTH TO CONTAMINATION WAS MEASURED FROM THE TOP OF THE CORE SAMPLEU S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E .

A P P R O X I M A T E CORE L O C A T I O N(4.5/7.5) E S T I M A T E D D E P T H T O Ra-226 C O N T A M I N A T I O N ( I N C H E S )T O T A L A S P H A L T T H I C K N E S S ( I N C H E S )( N A / 7 . 5 ) C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S N O T E N C O U N T E R E D W I T H I N D E P T H O F CORE


100 200 400 600S C A L E ' I N F E E T

C I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

H! GET Consul tants . Inc.

D E N V E R R A D I U M S I T E

PROJECT NO. 95082

SITE MAP NO2C H E E S E M A N E A S TS H E E T 2 OF 7

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N O T E S1. BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BYP A C I N G F R O M T H E E X I S T I N G C U R B S ,

2. DEPTH TO CONTAMINATION WAS MEASURED FROM THE TOP OF THE CORES A M P L E U S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E .L E G E N DC201R A P P R O X I M A T E CORE L O C A T I O N(4.5/7.5) E S T I M A T E D D E P T H T O Ra-226 C O N T A M I N A T I O N ( I N C H E S )T O T A L A S P H A L T T H I C K N E S S ( I N C H E S )( N A / 7 . 5 ) C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S N O T E N C O U N T E R E D W I T H I N D E P T H O F CORE


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100 200 400 600S C A L E I N F E E T

c m r A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

GEI Consul tants , Inc.


PROJECT NO. 95082

SITE MAP NO.3C H E E S E M A N E A S TS H E E T 3 OF 7

UAR. 1996 [FIGURE 20

N O T E S1. BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BY PACINGF R O M T H E E X I S T I N G CURBS.2. DEPTH TO CONTAMINATION WAS MEASURED FROM THE TOP OF THE CORE SAMPLEU S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E .

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100 200 400 600S C A L E I N F E E T




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C726C0 / 5 )C722C( 1 J 5 / 5 . 5 )C72H( 2 / 6 )C T t t R[1.75/5.5)

H U M B O L D T STREElC001C(t.5/6)

I I IC603R.(2/6.5) C604C(2.5/6.5)

C301.(3/8)

F R A N K L J N S T R E E T

«s

I55

N O T E St . BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BY PACINGF R O M T H E E X I S T I N G C U R B S .

2. DEPTH TO CONTAMINATION WAS MEASURED FROM THE TOP OF THE CORE SAMPLEU S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E . .L E G E N DC201R A P P R O X I M A T E CORE L O C A T I O N(4.5/7.5) E S T I M A T E D D E P T H T O Ra-226 C O N T A M I N A T I O N ( I N C H E S )T O T A L A S P H A L T T H I C K N E S S ( I N C H E S )( N A / 7 . 5 ) C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S N O T E N C O U N T E R E D W I T H I N D E P T H O F CORE


100 200 400 600S C A L E I N F E E T


Ja^: GET Consultants. Inc.


PROJECT NO. 95082

SITE MAP NO.5C H E E S E M A N W E S TSHEET 5 OF 7

UAR. 1996 [ F I G U R E 2E

j i9C

G201R APPROXIMATE CORE LOCATION(4.5/7.5) E S T I M A T E D D E P T H T O Ra-226 C O N T A M I N A T I O N ( I N C H E S )T O T A L A S P H A L T T H I C K N E S S ( I N C H E S )( N A / 7 . 5 ) C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S N O T E N C O U N T E R E D W I T H I N D E P T H O F CORE

AREA O F C O N T A M I N A T E D M A T E R I A L B A S E D O N A R I X S U R V E YOB

rn OGOEN STREET

RW-SSI- *«»iwn i

(V7.5)«t, (3.6/7.8)CORONA STREET

C203L1

(6/102)*^-C308C(2-5/7)1 M l IB-109(2/6.5)B-107(4.5/7.5)

D O W N I N G S T R E E TI S M s f s s f c t M i S' M lB-rio'(2.5/7.5)

B-108(2.5/5+)LJB-106(3.5/7)

C601R(1/6.5)ceoec0 / 5 ) (3/6.5)I I ! i: SS^HiSir fg*• f s M J s i s S t M A R I O N S T R E E T

C802CO A 5 )ceosc0/4.5) C804R0 / 5 ) C603L(0/5)

J

N O T E ST. BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BYP A C I N G F R O M T H E E X I S T I N G C U R B S .2 . D E P T H T O C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S M E A S U R E D F R O M T H E T O P O F T H E CORES A M P L E U S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E .3 . D O W N I N G S T R E E T CORE L O C A T I O N S A N D M E A S U R E M E N T S A R E F R O M T H E P R E O P E R A T i O N A LS U R V E Y O F D O W N I N G S T R E E T REPORT, G S C O N S U L T A N T S I N C . , 1994.

100 200 400S C A L E ^ I N F E E T

C I T Y A N D C O U N T YO F D E N V E R

G E I C o n s u l t a n t s ,


600

PROJECT NO. 95082

S I T E M A P N O . 6C H E E S E M A H W E S TSHEET 6 OF 7

MAR. 1996 [ F I G U R E 2F

ets

N O T E S1. BORINGS WERE LOCATED APPROXIMATELY USING A 100 FOOT TAPE OR BYP A C I N G F R O M T H E E X I S T I N G CURBS.

2. DEPTH TO CONTAMINATION WAS MEASURED FROM THE TOP OF THE CORES A M P L E U S I N G A N E N G I N E E R S S C A L E .L E G E N D

C2O1R APPROXIMATE CORE LOCATION»

(4.5/7.5) E S T I M A T E D D E P T H T O Ro-226 C O N T A M I N A T I O N ( I N C H E S )T O T A L A S P H A L T T H I C K N E S S ( I N C H E S )( N A / 7 . 5 ) C O N T A M I N A T I O N W A S N O T E N C O U N T E R E D W I T H I N D E P T H O F CORE

AREA OF CONTAMINATED MATERIAL BASED ON ARIX SURVEY

100 200 400a™ __S C A L E I N F E E TC I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

GEI Consultants. Inc.


PROJECT NO. 95082

SITE MAP N0.7D O W N T O W N S I T E

SHEET 7 OF 7UAR. 1995 [ F I G U R E 2G

Ra-226 ( p a / j )100 10 t

(C20Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ra-226 ( p a / g )

100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)0 5 Ra-226 ( p d / a j100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

(SEE NOTE 2) (SEE NOTE 1) (SEE NOTE 2)

Ra-228 (pCI/g)100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)

0 ' 5Ra-226 ( p a / g )

100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)0 S

Ra-228 ( p C / g )100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

iIe1I

i= iGENDBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C T

P O S S I B L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T SS H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c i / g

N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEE TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .3 . CORE STUCK IN BARREL NO SOLID CORE RECOVERY. CONSISTENCY OF HOT MIX.




PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NC O R O N A S T R E E TSHEET 1 OF 2NOV. 1995 FIGURE 3A

.C206L,Ro-226 ( p C l / g )

100 10 1

(C207R)Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ro-226 ( p d / g )

100 10 1Gamma (KCPM)

0 5 Ra-228100 10 Comma (KCPM)0 5

(SEE NOTE 1) (SEE NOTE 2)

II•m.«

(C209L)Ra-226 ( p O / 9 )

100 10 1Comma (KCPM)

0 5

(C210R)Ro—226 ( p d / g )


0 5Ro-226 ( p a / g )

100 1C 1Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

(SEE NOTE 3)

5

I

IHT

L E G E N DBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN CORE

t^£££l A P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C Tfc*---csn B E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T S

^W2i'

#£P O S S I B L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T SS H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c i / g

N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEE TABLE 1, AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .3. CORE C209L BROKEN TO RUBBLE BELOW 4.8".




PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NCORONA S I K b E TSHEET 2 OF 2NOV. 1995 I F I G U R E 38

Ro-226 (pCJ/g)100 10 1

C8031.;Gamma (KCPM)

0 SRa-226

100 10 , r Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ra-226100 10 Gamma (KCPM)

0 S


If t••**

Ro-226 (pCT/g)100 10 1

C604«:Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ra-226 ( p O / g )

100 10 1

(C<505C)Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ro-226

100 10

(csoec)Gamma (KCPM)

=»

S

a:

L E G E N DB O T T O M O F A S P H A L TBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C TA S P H A L T U F T S

P O S S I B L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T SS H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A W 7 P c i / g

N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS. TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E BASED O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .C I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

GEI Consul tants , Inc.


PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NM A R I O N STREETSHEET 1 OF 2NOV. 1995 j FIGURE 4A

( C S O T L )Ra-226

100 10

.C608RJGamma (KCPM)

0 SRa-226

100 10 Comma (KCPU)0 5 Ra-226 ( p d / g )100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)

0 5


Ia

•*.

S5

(ceiou)Ra-226 (pCS/g)

100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ra-226 (pCi/g)100 10 1

(cem)Gamma ( K C P M )

0 5 Ra-225 (pCI/g)100 10 1

(C812C)Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

L E G E N DBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C T^-ncsn BETWEEN A S P H A L T L J F T S


N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS. SEE TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .C I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

GEI Coaaultants, Inc.


PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NM A R I O N STREETSHEET 2 OF 2NOV. 1995 [ F I G U R E 4B

!•>.»».••%«k.

I

I

( C T O I C )Ro-226

100 10T

(C702L)Gamma (KCPU)

0 SRo-226 ( p d / g )

100 10 1Gamma (KCPU)

0 5 Ra-226100 10

Gamma (KCPU)0 5

(SEE NOTE 1) (SEE NOTE 2) (SEE NOTE 3) (SEE NOTE 3)

Ro-226 (pCI/g) *100 10 1

Gamma (KCPU)0 5

Ra-226 ( p C i / g )100 10 1

(C706C)Gamma (KCPU)

0 5Ra-226

100 10Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

(SEE NOTE 4) (SEE MOTE 3)

L E G E N D

N O T E S j1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEE TABLE 1, AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .3. ASPHALT RUBBLE AND AGGREGATE BELOW "BREAK IN CORE".4. BELOW LIFT AT 3-INCHES. PARTLY BROKEN CORE. POORLY BONDED.

BOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C T

A S P H A L T L I F T S



5 GEI C o a s T i l t a n t s . Inc.


PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E - S E C T I O NL A F A Y E T T E S T R E E TSHEET 1 OF 4NOV. 1995 FIGURE 5A

I

Ro-226 ( p a / a )100 10 1

V W O 7 R )Comma (KCPM)

0 5Ro-226 ( p C / g )

100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Gemma (KCPM)0 5


Ro-228 (pO/o)100 10 1 Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ra-226 (pCJ/g)

100 10 1

( C T T I L )Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ra-226 ( p a / g )

100 10 1

(C712R)Gamma (KCPU)

0 5

NOTE 3)

1S3

L E G E N DBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E . C O N T A C T

A S P H A L T L I F T S



2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E BASED O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .

3. ASPHALT RUBBLE AND AGGREGATE BELOW "BREAK IN CORE*.C I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

aili GEI Consul tant s , Inc.


PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NL A F A Y E T T E S T R E E TSHEET 2 OF 4NOV. 1995 RGURE SB

100 10 Gamma (KCPU)0 5

Ro-226100 10 Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Re-226 ( p C / a J

(SEE NOTE 1) (SEE NOTE 2) (SEE NOTE 3)

Ro-226 ( p d / a )100 10 t Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

C716CRo-226 (pCJ/g)

100 10 1 Gamma (KCPU)0 5

Ro-226 (pCT/9)100 10 1

Gamma (KCPU)0 5

(SEE NOTE 3)

i L E G E N DBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK M COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C TA S P H A L T L I F T S

P O S S I B L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T S 'S H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c i / g

N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS. SEE TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX 8.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .3. ASPHALT RUBBLE AND AGGREGATE BELOW "BREAK IN CORE".




PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NL A F A Y E T T E STREETSHEET 3 OF 4NOV. 1995 FIGURE 5C

g*•I*JK.o

I

(SEE NOTE 1) (SEE NOTE 2)C72HT

Ro-226 ( p a / g }100 10 r Gamma (KCPM)

0Ro-22fl

100 10

C723LGamma (KCPM)

0 5Ra-226

100 10Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

Ra-226100 10

(SEE NOTE 3)(C725C)

(SEE NOTE 3)

Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ra-228 ( p a / g )100 10 1

Gamma (KCPM)0 5

o N O T E S1 Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEETABLE 1. AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A PRORLE B A S E D O N . G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L SU S I N G A S P E C I A L L Y F A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .3. ASPHALT RUBBLE AND AGGREGATE BELOW "BREAK IN CORE".

BOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C TA S P H A L T L I F T S

P O S S 8 L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T SS H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c i / g

C I T Y A N D C O U N T Y .OF DENVER '



PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NL A F A Y E T T E S T R E E TSHEET 4 OF 4NOV. 1995 j FIGURE SO

CS01CRo-225 (pCI/g)

100 10 Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ra-226 ( p C / g )100 10 1

( C 5 0 2 L )Gamma (KCPM)

0 5 Gamma (KCPU)


Ik9

TC504CJRa-226 (pCt/9)


0 5Ra-226 ( p d / g )

100 10 1

( C 5 0 6 J 5 )Gamma (KCPM)

0 5Ra-226 ( p d / g )


0 5

(SEE NOTE 3)

L E G E N DBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T S

P O S S I B L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T U F T SS H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c i / g


2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .3. CORE BROKEN BELOW 4 . 5 - 1 N C H E S . LOOSE AGGREGATE. POORLY BONDED.




PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NH U M B O L D T S T R E E TS H E E T 1 OF 1NOV. 1895 [ F I G U R E


I

Ra-226 (pCt/g)100 10 1

( C 8 0 4 I J )Gamma (KCPM)

0 5 100 10 , T Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ra—226100 10

(C806L)Gamma (KCPM)

0 5



N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEE TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX 3.

Z G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .


Conaultants, Lac.


P R O J E C T - 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NYORK S T R E E TSHEET 1 OF 3NOV. 1995 FIGURE 7A

( p a / g )10 ' t Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ro-226 (pCS/g)100 10 1 Gamma 0<CPU>

0 5Ro-226 ( p a / a )


0 5


I

Ra-226 (pa/q>100 10 1

Gamma (KCPM)0 5

Ro-226 ( p a / g )100 10 7 Gamma (KCPM)

0 5

(C812e)Ra-226 (pO/a)


0 5

«SQ*8

II•s:<;


% & & P O S S I B L E C O N T A C T•<..+•& A S P H A L T L I F T SI N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c i / g


Z G A M M A P R O F I L E BASED O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R . 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .


S T R E E T SPROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NYORK STREETSHEET 2 OF 3NOV. 1995 | RGURE 7B

Ro-226 (pCJ/g)too _10( C S 1 3 L )


.1

4:Ci



N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS. SEE' TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D LEAD S H I E L D .




P R O J E C T 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O NYORK STREETSHEET 3 OF 3NOV. 1995 F I G U R E

f c

\ \ \ \ \ \ ^ \ \ \ \ \ \ v\ \ \ \ \ '-CHEESMAN P A R K \ \

C H E E S E M A N W E S T

v BOTANICAL \. \ GARDENS\ \ \ \ \ ' \A \ \ \ \\ \ \.\ \ \

Q \ \ \ \ \ \ \^.\\\\\\\

\ \ \ k \ \

D O W N T O W N S I T E

APPROXIMATE CORE LOCATION •O M O N I T O R I N G U T I L I T Y E X C A V A T I O N S*• EPA BORINGSA. ARIX BORINGSH I ABOVE B A C K G R O U N D B U T L E S S T H A N 2 0 uR/hr3 8 3 ABOVE BACKGROUNDHI BETWEEN 20 AND 40 ^R/hr ABOVE BACKGROUNDHi GREATER THAN 40 fj,R/br ABOVE BACKGROUND

300 600 1200 1800S C A L E I N F E E T

E L I Z A B E T H S T R E E T

C H E E S E M A N E A S T C I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

GEI Consultants.


PROJECT NO. 91063

K E Y M A P

FEBRUARY 1994 [FIGURE 8

Fttfi ft \PROJFrK\DM-IMD\93lWr\FtB-MDttD HOT * t-1 H/8//S5

F1^^

BOTTOM OF ASPHALT feS?iS:d

BR

EAK

IN CORE .

£££££1 APPROXIMATE CONTACT

I*»--?SS1 BETWEEN ASPHALT UFTS

B

f m. *2$ POSSIBLE CONTACT

•** BETWEEN

ASPHALT UFTS1f

SHADING INDICATES INTERVALS WITH AVERAGE1

RA-225 CONCENTRATIONS GREATER THAN 7Pci/g1

CITY AND COUNTYOF DENVER

HI GEI Consultants, Inc.

PROJECT 95082

«totoen

3

m

0

t /> X)« »- g sd|1

PROFILE SECTION

9th AVENUE

SHEET 2 OF 2

|U ..-.--.

. ... ——— —————————

_..,....... ._.._.... — ........... ......._^_

——————— „ —————————————— ...

. .

(u(SEE NOTE 4)

(SEE NOTE 5)

NOTES1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEE TABLE 1, AND APPENDIX 8.

2. GAMMA PROFILE BASED ON GAMMA COUNT RATES FOR 1-INCH INTERVALS USING A SPECIALLY

FABRICATED SLOTTED LEAD SHIELD.

3. BOTTOM OF CORE AT 5-INCHES. SAND AND GRAVEL BELOW.

4. BOTTOM OF CORE AT 3-INCHES. SAND AND GRAVEL BELOW.

LEGEND

5- BOTTOM OF CORE AT FINCHES. DARK GRAY SOIL BELOW.

D E P T H ( I N C H E S )> ent •: t ii !! Ii : t\ :

I I | : j j fj H ? H ' u E ' i \

j '. ii i i....... .1.....L.L, ..i i :• i • i :pM-.MnjVW T1 'iV-iVi •* i ••!.'» .t i $ l t i pI f S S j S S Mi i :.....i.....i.....i.....t..... ..i ! i •i i 1 !|

i 1 1 ii i ! !! i •: ii l l !i 1 i: : 1 :! i : !"1 !: i tM Mj | |i i 1 111M i l| _ ! _ . | _ . B S Bi 1 !..... .....L....J..,. .... ..• i F^ „• '• \ :1 < FM i i' < \ -i i r....,.....t. ...................I i i ii i ii i i! i ti i 1Ii ! !; i i; : : i: i i ii i i :i ! 1i ! i!: :

:

IiI :• i :•: : i! i......____,.........,..; i 9

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Ro—228 ( p C I / g )100 10 1

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0 3 Ra-226 ( p C / g )100 10 Gamma (KCPU)

0 5


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iBOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C TA S P H A L T L I F T S


N O T E S1. Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS. TABLE 1. AND APPENDIX B.

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 - I N C H I N T E R V A L S U S I N G A S P E C I A L L YF A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .C I T Y A N D C O U N T YOF DENVER

GEI Consultants , lac.


PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O Nnth A V E N U ES H E E T 1 OF 2NOV. 1995 \ FIGURE 9A

Si&L E G E N D

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Comma (KCPU)0 5

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Ra-226 (pCJ/g)100 10 1

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Gamma (KCPM)0 S

Ra-226 ( p a / g )100 10 1

Gamma (KCPM)0 S

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Gamma (KCPM)0 5

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10

N O T E S1 Ra-226 CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON LABORATORY RESULTS, SEETABLE 1. AND APPENDIX a j

2 . G A M M A P R O F I L E B A S E D O N G A M M A C O U N T R A T E S F O R 1 H N C H I N T E R V A L SU S I N G A S P E C I A L L Y F A B R I C A T E D S L O T T E D L E A D S H I E L D .i3 . P O R T L A N D C E M E N T C O N C R E T E B E T W E E N 3 . 5 - I N C H E S A N D 9 . 5 - I N C H E S .4. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE BELOW 3 . 5 - I N C H E S , BUT IT WAS NOT

R E T R I E V E D .

BOTTOM OF ASPHALTBREAK IN COREA P P R O X I M A T E C O N T A C TA S P H A L T L I F T S

P O S S I B L E C O N T A C TB E T W E E N A S P H A L T L I F T SS H A D I N G I N D I C A T E S I N T E R V A L S W I T H A V E R A G ERA-226 C O N C E N T R A T I O N S G R E A T E R T H A N 7 P c $ / g


GEI Conatiltanta. Lac.


PROJECT 95082

P R O F I L E S E C T I O N23rd AVENUESHEET t OF 1NOV. 1995 FIGURE 10

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