BISHOP SCOTT (Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi) Affiliation No.: 330726, By-Pass, Patna 804453. Phone Number: 7061717782, 9798903550. , Web: www.bishopscottboysschool.com Email: info@bishopscottboysschool.com

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

TOPIC:

NCERT MATERIAL

http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm https://byjus.com/ncert-books-for TEACHING MATERIAL

Weather The weather of a place can be defined as the measure of its daily atmospheric conditions such as humidity, temperature, lightning events, rainfall Storms, snow and so on.

Different elements of weather are:

Rainfall

Temperature

Humidity

Snowfall

Storms

BISHOP SCOTT BOYS’ SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi) Affiliation No.: 330726, School Campus: Chainpur, Jaganpura,

Phone Number: 7061717782, 9798903550. , info@bishopscottboysschool.com

STUDY COURSE MATERIALSCIENCE

SESSION-2020-21 CLASS-VII

TOPIC: NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

DAY-1

http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm

for-class-7-science/

of a place can be defined as the measure of its daily atmospheric conditions such as humidity, temperature, lightning events, rainfall Storms, snow and so on.

Page 1 of 14

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

of a place can be defined as the measure of its daily atmospheric conditions such as humidity, temperature,

Page 2 of 14

Winds etc.

Temperature:Temperature depends upon the duration of sunshine. During the summer season, the duration of the sunshine is longer. Due to this, the temperature is high in summer. The day temperature is minimum in the morning and maximum at noon.

Humidity:Humidity is the amount of moisture present in air. Humidity is generally measured in percentage. Humidity is

generally at the highest level; during the rainy season.

Rainfall: Amount of rainfall is measured in terms of mm. For this, an apparatus; called rain gauge is used.

Wind-speed: Speed of wind also affects the condition of weather.

Aweather reportgenerally contains the information about the weather of the day.

The weather report is generally published in newspapers, radio and television.

The weather forecast is important for people because many of our day-to-day activities are based on weather conditions. For

Example, we can check the possibility of rainfall on a particular day and carry an umbrella with us accordingly.

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The weather of a place is never constant. It can alter every day or even every hour. For instance, the weather might be sunny in the

morning in an area but really in the evening.

The weather report of a place always includes the minimum and maximum temperatures of the day which are measured using a minimum-maximum thermometer. The minimum temperature can be experienced in the morning time while the maximum temperature is experienced in the afternoon.

To measure the rainfall of a place an instrument called the Rain Gauge is used. The rain gauge collects the rainwater of origin and has a measuring scale which determines the quantity of rainfall of that place.

Humidity is measured by an instrument called hygrometer.The greater the humidity the more are the chances of rainfall.

Scientists who study the weather are called meteorologists.

LINK-1 https://youtu.be/-Bg2XIYP_Hk https://youtu.be/EHNsvoqiOVk PPT- LINK https://www.slideshare.net/jamnabai/weather-and-climate-ppt-for-students ACTIVITY - 1 From the weather report in daily newspaper ,note the following information daily for 10 consecutive days. Maximum and minimum temperatures Maximum and minimum humidity

AASIGNMENT 1. Can a weather be accurately predicted ? Give reasons2. Do activity-1 in A-4 sheet or any paper and submit it when the school reopens(only for this activity )

TOPIC-CLIMATE

STUDY MATERIAL

Climate The average The average The average The average The average weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over

a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, 25 years, is called the climate of the place. climate of the place. climate of the place. climate of the place.

If, on most of the days, there is heavy rainfall in the same place, then we affirm that the climate of that place is wet and hot.

The western region of India, for example Rajasthan, will show that the temperature is high during most part of the year. But

during winter, which lasts only for a few months, the temperature is quite low. This region receives very little rainfall. This is

the typical desert climate. It is hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. The northeastern India rec

rain for a major part of the year. Therefore, we can say that the climate of the north

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE THE CLIMATE OF A PALCE

AASIGNMENT

Can a weather be accurately predicted ? Give reasons 4 sheet or any paper and submit it when the school reopens(only for this activity

DAY-2

The average The average The average The average The average weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25

s, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, 25 years, is called the climate of the place. climate of the place. climate of the place. climate of the place.

the days, there is heavy rainfall in the same place, then we affirm that the climate of that place is wet and hot.

he western region of India, for example Rajasthan, will show that the temperature is high during most part of the year. But

which lasts only for a few months, the temperature is quite low. This region receives very little rainfall. This is

the typical desert climate. It is hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. The northeastern India rec

a major part of the year. Therefore, we can say that the climate of the north-east is wet wet

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE THE CLIMATE OF A PALCE Page 4 of 14

4 sheet or any paper and submit it when the school reopens(only for this activity

The average The average The average The average The average weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25

s, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the time, say 25 years, is called the climate of the place. climate of the place. climate of the place. climate of the place.

the days, there is heavy rainfall in the same place, then we affirm that the climate of that place is wet and hot.

he western region of India, for example Rajasthan, will show that the temperature is high during most part of the year. But

which lasts only for a few months, the temperature is quite low. This region receives very little rainfall. This is

the typical desert climate. It is hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. hot and dry. The northeastern India receives

east is wet wet

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Distance from the equator(latitude) Height above the sea level-higher you go cooler it becomes. Distance from the sea or from high mountain ranges(generally places near the sea have a moderate climate ),mountains affect

winds and rainfall and hence affects the climate Wind- climate depends on weather winds are hot or cold;humid or dry. Amount of moisture(humidity)in the air. EFFECTS OF THE SUN ON CLIMATE The earth gets heated by the rays of the sun falling on it.Near the equator the rays fall vertically.As the latitude

increases ,the rays becomes more and more slanting. Slanting rays spread over a large land area than vertical rays.Also , they through a layer of the atmosphere which

absorbs a large part of their heat.This means that the land near the equator gets heated up more by the sun than land away from it in a given time.

Weather vs. Climate

Meteorologists record the weather every day. The records of the weather have been preserved for the past several decades. These help us to determine the weather pattern at a place. The average of the weather pattern over a time period is determined as the climate.

CLIMATE AND ADAPTATION The climate of a place can affect the living organisms of that area. The animals living in a particular region adapt themselves so that they can survive the weather conditions of that place. The features and habits of the animals start to change as per the climate of the place. Animals are adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. Animals living in very cold and hot climate must possess special features to protect themselves against the extreme cold or heat. Features and habits that help animals to adapt to their surroundings are a result of the process of evolution. VIDEO LINK https://youtu.be/A_LOsCaRzNA

ACTIVITY -2 Take an outline map of the world. Mark the polar regions in blue. Similarly, mark the tropical regions in red. ASSIGNMENT 1.Write the difference between weather and climate.

TOPIC - ADAPTATION IN COLD CLIMATE

The polar regions present an extreme climate. These regions are covered with snow and it is very cold for most part of the ye

For six months the sun does not set at the poles while for the other six months the sun does not rise.

Inwinters, the temperature can be as low as

The area of the earth that surrounds the North Pole and the South Pole is called the

The climate of the polar region is extremely cold throughout the

The sun does not rise for 6 months of the year in the polar region and then It stays up for the next 6 months.

The temperature in the polar region can be as low as

Most common animals found in these regions are polar

fishes, birds, oxen, musk, reindeers, fox, whales and seals.

They have adapted themselves so that they can survive easily in these places.

The Polar Bear

The white fur of the polar bear makes it easier for them to hide in the snow and therefore save them from predators.In the same way, it makes it easier for them to catch their prey

The polar bears have two layers of thick fur on them so that they can survive extremely cold The polar bears move slowly and rest a lot so that they do not get overheated because of their thick fur. The polar bears often swim on warm days to keep themselves cool. The paws of the polar bear are large and wide so that it can swim as well The polar bear can swim underwater as well because it can keep its nostrils closed for a long time. The strong sense of smell of polar bears makes it possible to locate its prey during such harsh weathers

. ..

2

Take an outline map of the world. Mark the polar regions in blue. Similarly, mark the tropical regions in red.

ASSIGNMENT 1.Write the difference between weather and climate.

DAY-3

ADAPTATION IN COLD CLIMATE

The polar regions present an extreme climate. These regions are covered with snow and it is very cold for most part of the ye

For six months the sun does not set at the poles while for the other six months the sun does not rise.

ure can be as low as –37°C. Animals living there have adapted to these severe conditions.

The area of the earth that surrounds the North Pole and the South Pole is called the Polar Region

The climate of the polar region is extremely cold throughout the year and receives heavy snow.

The sun does not rise for 6 months of the year in the polar region and then It stays up for the next 6 months.

The temperature in the polar region can be as low as - 37°C.

Most common animals found in these regions are polar bears and penguins. Other animals that can be found in polar areas are

fishes, birds, oxen, musk, reindeers, fox, whales and seals.

They have adapted themselves so that they can survive easily in these places.

bear makes it easier for them to hide in the snow and therefore save them from predators.In the same way, it makes it easier for them to catch their prey. The polar bears have two layers of thick fur on them so that they can survive extremely cold The polar bears move slowly and rest a lot so that they do not get overheated because of their thick fur.The polar bears often swim on warm days to keep themselves cool. The paws of the polar bear are large and wide so that it can swim as well as walk easily in the snow.The polar bear can swim underwater as well because it can keep its nostrils closed for a long time.The strong sense of smell of polar bears makes it possible to locate its prey during such harsh weathers

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Take an outline map of the world. Mark the polar regions in blue. Similarly, mark the tropical regions in red.

The polar regions present an extreme climate. These regions are covered with snow and it is very cold for most part of the year.

For six months the sun does not set at the poles while for the other six months the sun does not rise.

37°C. Animals living there have adapted to these severe conditions.

Polar Region.

year and receives heavy snow.

The sun does not rise for 6 months of the year in the polar region and then It stays up for the next 6 months.

bears and penguins. Other animals that can be found in polar areas are

bear makes it easier for them to hide in the snow and therefore save them from predators.

The polar bears have two layers of thick fur on them so that they can survive extremely cold conditions. The polar bears move slowly and rest a lot so that they do not get overheated because of their thick fur.

as walk easily in the snow. The polar bear can swim underwater as well because it can keep its nostrils closed for a long time. The strong sense of smell of polar bears makes it possible to locate its prey during such harsh weathers.

The Penguins

The penguins are also white in colour so that they can hide in the snow They have thick skin with large fat content in their body so that they can survive the cold weather easily. The Penguins generally live in a crowd or nest closely so that th The Penguins generally live in a crowd or nest closely so that they can stay warm.

.VIDEO LINK https://youtu.be/lm3oIX6jjn4

ASSIGNMENT 1. Explain, with examples, why we find animals of certain kind living in particular climatic conditions. 2. What are the adataptive features of polar bear ?

The penguins are also white in colour so that they can hide in the snow. They have thick skin with large fat content in their body so that they can survive the cold weather easily.

The Penguins generally live in a crowd or nest closely so that they can stay warm. The Penguins generally live in a crowd or nest closely so that they can stay warm.

Explain, with examples, why we find animals of certain kind living in particular climatic conditions. What are the adataptive features of polar bear ?

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They have thick skin with large fat content in their body so that they can survive the cold weather easily.

Explain, with examples, why we find animals of certain kind living in particular climatic conditions.

TOPIC-ADAPTATION IN COLD CLIMATE Migratory Birds in the Polar Region

The birds in order to protect themselves from cold weather of the winters in the polar region often migrate from these areas to warmer places.

They then return back after the winter season. For example, The Siberian crane migrates to India in Rajasthan, Haryana and some

the winter season in Siberia. These birds that migrate to different places during a change in weather are often called migratory birds. They can travel used instances of 15000 km to protect themselves from the extremely cold envir Such birds migrate to the same places every year. The migratory birds fly very high so that the heat generated by the flight wings can be disposed of in the cold

conditions. The migratory birds have a sense of direction so that they can travel to The migratory birds also use landmarks or follow the direction of the sun and stars to migrate. Some birds also use the magnetic field of the earth and find direction.

Apart from birds, fishes, insects and mammals also migrate.

SEALS Seals have thick deposition of fats NOTES Reptiles keep their body warm by absorbing solar radiation during the day.

shelter to keep warm . However this is not possible in

DAY-4

ADAPTATION IN COLD CLIMATE

Migratory Birds in the Polar Region

to protect themselves from cold weather of the winters in the polar region often migrate from these areas to warmer places. They then return back after the winter season. For example, The Siberian crane migrates to India in Rajasthan, Haryana and some

These birds that migrate to different places during a change in weather are often called migratory birds.They can travel used instances of 15000 km to protect themselves from the extremely cold envirSuch birds migrate to the same places every year. The migratory birds fly very high so that the heat generated by the flight wings can be disposed of in the cold

The migratory birds have a sense of direction so that they can travel to the same place every time.The migratory birds also use landmarks or follow the direction of the sun and stars to migrate.Some birds also use the magnetic field of the earth and find direction. Apart from birds, fishes, insects and mammals also migrate.

Seals have thick deposition of fats called blubber ,that protects them from the cold.

Reptiles keep their body warm by absorbing solar radiation during the day.shelter to keep warm . However this is not possible in polar region.

Page 8 of 14

to protect themselves from cold weather of the winters in the polar region often migrate

For example, The Siberian crane migrates to India in Rajasthan, Haryana and some North East regions during

These birds that migrate to different places during a change in weather are often called migratory birds. They can travel used instances of 15000 km to protect themselves from the extremely cold environment.

The migratory birds fly very high so that the heat generated by the flight wings can be disposed of in the cold

the same place every time. The migratory birds also use landmarks or follow the direction of the sun and stars to migrate.

that protects them from the cold.

Reptiles keep their body warm by absorbing solar radiation during the day. At night they seek

Parts of body such as ears,tails and legs lose heat first ; hence animals in cold climates have Small ears and tails and short legs. ADAPTATION TO HOT CLIMATES Animals living in hot climates such as snakes and desert fox spend Hours hiding in shady places such as burrows or behind boulders. They comes out at night to look for food.they are called nocturnal animals. They have long legs and tails and very large ears. The animals sweat , pants and lick to cool themselv Tropical Rainforests

Adaptation in tropical rainforest The tropical regions on the earth are the regions which are close to the equator and hence receive

more amount of sunlight during the year. Because of this, these areas have a hot climate. The temperature in tropical regions can be as high as 40 The length of the day and night are almost equal in these regions. However, there is a lot of rainfall and so the tropical rainforests are found in this region. The Tropical rainforests are home to a wide variety of vegetation and animals. Due to large habitation, the animals often compete for food in these regions. Many animals have adapted themselves so that they can live on the trees and find their food easily.

The skin colour of these animals is generally similar to that of the surroundings so that they can catch their prey easily and protect themselves from the predators. Also, many of these animals have a good eyesight and better sense of hearing.

.

Video link https://youtu.be/jLzprmI1l20

Parts of body such as ears,tails and legs lose heat first ; hence animals in cold climates have Small ears and tails and short legs.

ADAPTATION TO HOT CLIMATES- DESERT

Animals living in hot climates such as snakes and desert fox spend Hours hiding in shady places such as burrows or behind boulders.

They comes out at night to look for food.they are called nocturnal animals.They have long legs and tails and very large ears. The animals sweat , pants and lick to cool themselves.

Adaptation in tropical rainforest

The tropical regions on the earth are the regions which are close to the equator and hence receive more amount of sunlight during the year. Because of this, these areas have a hot climate. The temperature in tropical regions can be as high as 40o C and can drop until 15The length of the day and night are almost equal in these regions. However, there is a lot of rainfall and so the tropical rainforests are found in this region.

Tropical rainforests are home to a wide variety of vegetation and animals.Due to large habitation, the animals often compete for food in these regions.Many animals have adapted themselves so that they can live on the trees and find their food easily.

e skin colour of these animals is generally similar to that of the surroundings so that they can catch their prey easily and protect themselves from the predators. Also, many of these animals have a good eyesight and better sense of hearing.

https://youtu.be/jLzprmI1l20

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Parts of body such as ears,tails and legs lose heat first ; hence animals in cold climates have

Animals living in hot climates such as snakes and desert fox spend the daylight Hours hiding in shady places such as burrows or behind boulders.

They comes out at night to look for food.they are called nocturnal animals.

The tropical regions on the earth are the regions which are close to the equator and hence receive

C and can drop until 15 o C only.

However, there is a lot of rainfall and so the tropical rainforests are found in this region. Tropical rainforests are home to a wide variety of vegetation and animals.

Due to large habitation, the animals often compete for food in these regions. Many animals have adapted themselves so that they can live on the trees and find their food easily.

e skin colour of these animals is generally similar to that of the surroundings so that they can catch their prey easily and protect themselves from the predators. Also, many of these animals have

DAY TOPIC-ADAPTATION TO HOT CLIMATES

STUDY MATERIAL Let us read about the adaptations of these animals to a hot, humid climate. The climatic conditions in rainforests are highly suitable for supporting an enormous number and variety of animals. Since the numbers are large, there is intense competition for food an

The red-eyed frog

It has a sticky feat so that it can climb up on the trees

The monkeys

They have long tails so that they can climb the trees easily.Even their hands and feet have a structure that helps them in holding the branches of the trees easily.

DAY-5

ADAPTATION TO HOT CLIMATES- DESERT

Let us read about the adaptations of these animals to a hot, humid climate. The climatic rainforests are highly suitable for supporting an enormous number and

ince the numbers are large, there is intense competition for food an

It has a sticky feat so that it can climb up on the trees easily.

They have long tails so that they can climb the trees easily. Even their hands and feet have a structure that helps them in holding the branches of the trees easily.

Page 10 of 14

DESERT

Let us read about the adaptations of these animals to a hot, humid climate. The climatic rainforests are highly suitable for supporting an enormous number and

ince the numbers are large, there is intense competition for food and shelter.

Toucan Birds

Toucan Bird

Lions and Tigers

They have thick skin, sharp eyesight and sensitive hearing.

The Toucan birds adapt themselves so that they can find food easily.The Toucan bird has a large and long beak with which it can reach the food that is found on weaker branches as well.

They have thick skin, sharp eyesight and sensitive hearing.

The Toucan birds adapt themselves so they can find food easily.

The Toucan bird has a large and long beak with which it can reach the food that is found on weaker branches as well.

Page 11 of 14

The lion-tailed macaque (beard ape)

The beard ape lives generally on the trees in the tropical forest because it can find its food easily on them such as insects, seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers and stems.The beard ape also has a silver

Elephants

The elephant found in the tropical rainforest also have adapted themselves

according to the climate. Its huge trunk gives it a nice sense of smell and helps in picking the food easily.The elephant also eats the bark of the trees. The tusks or large teeth of elephant

allow it to clear the bark of the trees.The large ears of the elephant allow it to hear sensitive sounds that make it easier

for it to protect itself from predators.The ears also protect the elephant from the hot and humid climate of the rainforests.

tailed macaque (beard ape)

The beard ape lives generally on the trees in the tropical forest because it can find its food easily on them such as insects, seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers and stems.The beard ape also has a silver-white mane that starts from its head to its cheek.

The elephant found in the tropical rainforest also have adapted themselves

Its huge trunk gives it a nice sense of smell and helps in picking the food easily.bark of the trees. The tusks or large teeth of elephant

allow it to clear the bark of the trees. The large ears of the elephant allow it to hear sensitive sounds that make it easier

for it to protect itself from predators. elephant from the hot and humid climate of the rainforests.

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The beard ape lives generally on the trees in the tropical forest because it can find its food easily on them such as insects, seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers and stems.

from its head to its cheek.

The elephant found in the tropical rainforest also have adapted themselves

Its huge trunk gives it a nice sense of smell and helps in picking the food easily. bark of the trees. The tusks or large teeth of elephant

The large ears of the elephant allow it to hear sensitive sounds that make it easier

elephant from the hot and humid climate of the rainforests.

Page 13 of 14

.VIDEO LINK https://youtu.be/xhntaaNn0AY

. PPT LINK https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/RaviPrakash434/weather-climate-and-adaptations-of-animals-class7 ASSIGNMENT 1. .What changes from day to day–the weather or the climate? Ans: The weather of a place changes on a day to day basis. Climate, on the other hand, represents the overall average weather pattern of an area for a long time and it does not change on a daily basis. 2.Can the weather be accurately predicted? Give reasons. Ans :It is not possible to accurately predict the weather. This is because weather depends on a large number of factors and these factors are variable. The variations of these factors results in complex changes in weather patterns, which makes it difficult to accurately predict weather. 3.What are scientist who study the weather called? Ans :What are scientist who study the weather called? 4.Does it become warmer of cooler when one goes up from sea level? Ans : The higher one goes up from sea level, the cooler it becomes. 5.Name four elements of weather. Ans :The four elements of weather are temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind. 6. Give an example to show how winds affect the weather. Ans : Delhi becomes very hot during summers as the wind blows from the hot desert of Rajasthan towards Delhi. 7. In general, what kind of climate do place near the sea have? Ans : Places near the sea generally have a moderate climate; that is, neither very cold nor very hot. 8. A polar bear has to move slowly, otherwise its body will get overheated. Why? Ans ;he polar bear has to move slowly; otherwise, its body will get overheated, because they have two thick layers of fur, as well as a layer of fat, under the skin which provide excellent insulation, and more physical activity can overheat their body. 9. What factors does the climate of a place depend on? Ans : The climate of a place depends on the following factors: (a) Distance from the equator (b) Height above the sea level (c) Distance from the sea or from the mountain ranges (d) Direction of the wind (e) Amount of humidity in the air

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10.List three ways in which a polar bear is adapted to living in the Polar Regions. Ans :A polar bear gets adapted to living in the polar regions in the following three ways: (a) The body of a polar bear is covered with two thick layers of fur, as well as a layer of fat under the skin, which provides excellent insulation. (b) The white fur of a polar bear camouflages with the white snow, protects it against the predators and helps it to catch its prey. (c) A polar bear can close its nostrils and remain underwater for a long duration. 11.Name one animal that lives on trees in rainforests and rarely comes down. How does it get its food? Ans : Lion-tailed macaque, also known as beard ape, lives on trees in rainforests and rarely comes down. It mainly eats fruits and other plant parts. It also catches insects from under the bark of trees. It gets all the food it needs on trees. 12.List three ways in which the elephant is well adapted to living in a tropical rainforest. Ans :The following are the three ways in which the elephant is well adapted to living in a tropical rainforest: (a) It has a strong sense of smell because it uses its long trunk as a nose. (b) It uses its trunk to pull down fruits and leaves to eat. (c) It uses its long ears to hear even soft sounds and to cool itself in the hot and humid climate. 13.Explain the difference between weather and climate Ans :

Weather Climate Weather generally refers to day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere at a place with regard to factors such as humidity, wind, rainfall, speed and direction of wind.

Climate is the average weather pattern of a place taken over a long period of time.

14. Why is it cooler in regions further away from the equator? Ans : It is cooler in regions further away from the equator because as the distance of a place from the equator increases, the sun's rays become more and more slanting. Slanting rays spread over a larger land area than vertical rays. Also, they pass through a thicker layer of the atmosphere which absorbs a large part of their heat. In contrast, the sun's rays near the equator fall vertically and heat the earth more. 15.There is intense competition for food in the tropical rainforests because there is very little food.

True or false? Ans : False. There is a constant supply of water and availability of a wide variety of food in tropical rainforests. The intense competition is because tropical rainforests support a large number of animals.