Science Competencies & Skills http://subjectareatestprep.pds-hrd.wikispaces.net/file/view/ElemSciPP SEE QUIA for additional support & tutorials http://www.chem4kids.com http://www.edheads.org http://www.sciencebuddies.org Good Source; Sciencesaurus

18 Knowledge of the nature of matter 2%

1. Identify the physical(sensory) and chemical (atomic Makeup) properties of matter (e.g., mass, volume, density, and chemical change). SmellyHarryTeachesOthersScienceCounts (size, hardness, texture, odor. shape, color) 2. Identify the characteristics of elements, compounds, and mixtures and distinguish among the states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases). Molecular spacing and movement friction; a solution(homogeneous) can be a mixture, but a mixture (heterogeneous) cannot be a solution,

3. Identify the basic components of the atom (i.e., electrons, neutrons, protons).

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=105573 K 1st 2nd 3rd 4t

h 5th

absorb change color container evaporate five senses (M) float flows gas(M)**

change of state** color (M) float * gas * (M)** height * length * liquid * (M)** magnify (M)

change of state * ** chemical change differences dissolve(M) gas * (M)** irreversible change liquid *

atom**(M) change of state chemical change**(M) condensation(M) conservation of matter(M) cooling (M) evaporation**(M) fog gas**(M)

atoms (M**) attributes boiling point(M) Celsius characteristics chemical changes(M)** combustibility compounds** condensation(M) conductivity(M) conductors(M)

height length liquid (M)** mass(M) matter material object pattern physical property science (M) shape (M) sink solid** sort surface texture water (M) weight width

mass**(M) * matter * ** particles * phase changes phases of matter physical property * **(M) rough shape (M) sink * size (M) smooth solid * (M)** states of matter texture (M) weight * width *

(M)** mass * (M) material matter* ** mixture (M)** molecules particles phase changes physical change phases of matter physical property *(M) reversible change separate similarities size * solid* (M)** solution states of matter (M) steam water vapor

heating**(M) kilogram liquid**(M) mass**(M) matter mixture**(M) molecules particles phase changes(M) phases of matter physical change** physical property solid**(M) solution** states of matter**(M) steam temperature(M)

conservation of matter*(M) density(M)** ductile electron elements** evaporation(M)** freezing(M) heat(M)** insulators luster malleable mass(M)** melting point(M) metals mixtures*(M)** molecules(M) neutron nonmetals nucleus particles periodic table phase changes(M) physical changes** physical property proton reactivity solubility solute solutions** solvent

states of matter**(M) sublimation temperature* (M) thermal energy volume

19 Knowledge of forces, motion, and energy 4%

1. Apply knowledge of temperature and heat. The presence of Thermal energy 2. Identify the types and characteristics of contact forces (e.g., mechanical) and at-a-distance forces (e.g., magnetic, gravitational, and electrostatic). 3. Apply knowledge of simple machines to solve problems involving work. Six classes; lever, pulley, wheel & axel, wedge, inclined plane, gears

4. Identify the properties and characteristics of sounds as they apply to everyday situations. 5. Apply knowledge of light and optics to practical applications (i.e., reflection, refraction, and diffusion).

6. Identify the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and the relative wavelengths and energy associated with each region. Wavestown worksheet

7. Identify characteristics and examples of static electricity. 8. Apply knowledge of currents, circuits, conductors, and insulators to everyday situations. 9. Identify types of magnets, their characteristics, and their applications to everyday situations. 10. Identify types of energy (e.g., chemical, electrical, nuclear, mechanical, magnetic, radiant, and solar).

Wavestown Answer Key Radio Waves Ray’s TV - TV reception uses radio waves Satellite Dish at Ray’s TV - receives movies via radio waves from a satellite Taxi - Car radio receives radio wave signals Taxi - Driver receives instructions on a CB radio which uses radio waves Radio Tower - broadcast’s radio signals Large Satellite dish in field - receives radio waves from distant stars Microwaves Microwave in Waves Grill - uses microwaves to cook food Disk-like antennas on tower - send microwave communications Infrared Heat lamps above food in Waves Grill - use infrared waves to keep food hot Ray’s TV - Remote controls use infrared waves to communicate with the TV

Trees, bushes, grass, and farm - vegetation reflects short infrared waves Observatory - astronomers study thermal infrared (long infrared waves) from stars Visible Light Rainbow - water droplets cause white light to break apart into the colors of the rainbow Photographer’s studio - portrait photographers use film sensitive to visible light Observatory - astronomers look at visible light from planets and stars Ultraviolet Tanning Salon - use ultraviolet waves to tan our skin sunglasses store - sunglasses protect our eyes from the ultraviolet waves Suntan lotion - protects our skin from ultraviolet waves Observatory - astronomers see some ultraviolet radiation from planets and stars X-rays Dr.Bob’s Health Clinic - uses x-rays to study our bones High energy x-rays are also used to treat cancer Gamma Rays Dr.Bob’s Health Clinic - gamma radiation is used to kill sick cells through nuclear medicine Gamma radiation is given off by nuclear explosions that occur within stars, like our sun. Note: Stars give off gamma rays and x-rays. These EM waves cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere, therefore they cannot be seen by telescopes on http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=26285&title=The_Electromagnetic_Spectrum http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=89787

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

attract force gravity (M)** machine(M) magnet (M) material motion(M) movement pull (M) push (M) repel roll slide tool transportation

aquarium energy(M)** energy flow energy system energy transfer freezing (M) heat (M)** heat gain heat loss interaction light (M)** melt model energy system reflect** refract** solar energy sun system terrarium transparent force friction(M)* * gravity motion (M) pull * (M) push * (M) sound (M) sound wave speed

Aquarium * boil calories condense condensation** cool digestion energy (M) energy system evaporate** freeze heat (M) heat gain heat loss melt model energy system nutrients terrarium *

Celsius conduction(M) conductor convection(M) energy**(M) Fahrenheit(M) growth(M) heat transfer**(M heat**(M) insulator(M) organism** particles radiation(M) temperature(M volume water vapor weight thermal energy balanced force(M) force** friction**(M gravity**(M) motion(M) speed(M) newton position(M) pull(M) push(M) unbalanced force(M) vibrations

acceleration *(M) balanced force* (M) circuit* conductor*(M) effort force* electric current *(M) electricity* (M) electromagnet* force* ** frame of reference* friction* ** gravity* ** inclined plane* ** insulator* lever* ** magnet* (M) magnetic field* magnetic pole* motion *(M) newton * parallel

battery terminal biomass chemical bonds chemical energy(M) compression concave conduction*(M) conductor(M) convection*(M) convex dry cell electric charge electric circuit* electric current(M) electric force electricity(M) electromagnet electron energy** filament fossil fuels frequency geothermal energy hydroelectric energy

surface vibration (M) wave

waves weight(M) work

circuit* position *(M) pulley *(M) relative motion(M) resistor* screw* series circuit* simple machine* speed *(M) static electricity* unbalanced force* (M) wedge* weight* wheel and axle* ** work*

insulator kinetic energy** law of conservation of energy lens light energy magnetism**(M) mechanical energy molecules*(M) negative chargenonrenewable resource** nuclear energy opaque parallel circuit pitch positive charge potential energy**(M) radiation(M) reflection* ** refraction* ** renewable resource*

** resistor series circuit short circuit solar energy sound energy static electricity thermal energy tidal energy transformation of energy transparent ultraviolet light vibrations volume* wave length(M) waves* wind energy

20 Knowledge of processes that shape the Earth 1. Identify characteristics of geologic formations, the mechanisms by which they were formed, and their relationship to the movement of tectonic plates. Volcanoes & Earthquakes: very different, yet both result from movements of Earth’s crust. Lithosphere: composed of several major plates (about 12 ocean and continental plates) and many minor plates. The plates move over time, interact with each other. They form ocean basins, mountain ranges, islands, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Three Types of boundaries exist in the plates: : 1st Divergent Boundaries - The plates separate because of magma pushing the plates apart. This makes mountains and volcanoes rise. 2nd Convergent Boundaries - Plates collide with one another crushing crust and forming, mountains, or one plate goes over top of the other. This is called subduction. 3rd Transform Boundaries - Transform Boundaries are when two plates slide past each other. Earthquakes are very common near Transform Boundaries.

Weathering & erosion 2. Identify how fossils are formed and how fossils are used in interpreting the past and extrapolating to the future. 3. Interpret geologic maps, including topographic and weather maps that contain symbols, scales, legends, directions, latitudes, and longitudes.

4. Identify the major groups of rocks, examples of each, and the processes of their formation.

5. Identify atmospheric conditions (e.g., air masses, wind patterns, cloud types, and storms) and properties of air.

6. Identify the movement of water in the water cycle, including types of precipitation and causes of condensation.

7. Identify ways in which land and water interact (e.g., soil absorption, runoff, leaching, percolation, sinkholes, aquifers, and reservoirs). http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=7708

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th change cloud(M) day earth fall/autumn freeze hail melt night precipitation (M)

ancient archaeologist biosphere boulder (M) drought Earth's surface extinct flood fossils** grain of sand

air mass(M) air pressure atmosphere**(M) climate(M) clouds(M) cold front condensation(M) cool(ing)**(M) dew estuary evaporation**

active volcano atmosphere(M)** boundary cave compression continental crust continental drift* convection

air pressure anthracite atmosphere condensation* ** continental drift* continental shelf core* crust*

rain rain gauge seasons sky (M) sleet snow spring storm summer sunlight water weather (M) weather patterns wind gauge wind winter

litter mineral natural resource paleontologist pollution** prehistoric animals (M) reconstruct recover * recycle * reduce * resource** reuse * rock properties sand (M) soil (M)

forecast fresh water(M) gas**(M) glacier(M) weather(M) groundwater(M) hail heat(ing)**(M) hurricane lightning liquid**(M) meteorologist ozone precipitation(M) rain gauge salt water(M) satellite sleet thermal energy thunderhead thunderstorm tornado troposphere warm front water cycle**(M) water vapor weather conditions (M) weather vane

*(M) core* (M) crater crust deposition* ** dome drought(M) earthquake (M)** epicenter erosion* (M)** fault* fault line flood* focus front* glacier (M) greenhouse effect* hardness humidity* hurricane igneous rock (M)** inner core lava lithosphere luster magma* magma chamber mantle * metamorphic rock** mineral (M) oceanic crust outer core

delta deposition* ** earthquake erosion* ** evaporation* ** fault* fossil* ** fossil fuels glaciers* global warming greenhouse effect* humidity ice wedging landforms lignite magma* mantle* mass movement microclimate natural gas natural resource nitrogen cycle nonrenewable resource pangea peat plate* precipitation* recycling renewable

plate * plate tectonics pressure (M) ridge rift rock cycle(M) sediment* sedimentary rock** seismograph shock waves soil composition (M) stalactite* stalagmite* storm surge streak subduction zone* tide(M) Topography** transverse tsunami vent vibration volcano** water cycle** wave weathering(M)**

resource reusable resource sediment stalactite* stalagmite* subduction zone volcano weathering(M)

21 Knowledge of Earth and space

1. Identify the components of Earth’s solar system and compare their

individual characteristics. 2. Demonstrate knowledge of space exploration (e.g., history, purposes, and benefits).

1957 First Artificial satellite launched-USSR

1958 *First USA Artificial satellite launched in January from Cape Canaveral *NASA was born in October

1961 *First human, Yuri Gagarin, in space and returns safely *First American, Alan Shepard, enters space *U.S. President John F. Kennedy announces the goal of sending astronauts to the moon before the end of the decade

1962 Launch of Friendship 7,makes astronaut John Glenn the first American to go into orbit

1967 *Launch of Apollo 11 *Astronauts Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Neil Armstrong become the first men to walk on the moon

1973 United States launches the Sky Lab, the first experimental space station

1975 Launch of Viking 1, the first orbiter and lander sent to Mars.

1977 Launch of Voyager I and II, still sent data over 30 years later was only to be a 5 year mission

1981 First space shuttle

1983 First woman in space Sally Ride

1986 First major catastrophe for NASA, when Challenger explodes after take off

1989 Space shuttle Atlantis launches Galileo to study Jupiter and its moons

1996 Launch of Mars pathfinder

2001 First landing on an Asteroid and samples are collected

2003 Space shuttle Columbia disaster on re-entry

2004 Spirit and Opportunity arrive on Mars for exploration

3. Identify the phases of the moon and the moon’s effect on Earth. See tides

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=657&title=What_Causes_Seasons_on_Earth

4. Identify Earth’s orbital pattern and its effect on the seasons. rotAte=dAy (on Earth’s axis) rEvolve=year (around the Sun) K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

astronomy(M) astronomer axis constellation** crater crescent day (M) galaxy** hour month (M) moon (M) night (M) orbit phases of the moon** planet**(M) revolution rotation season seasonal change (M) solar energy solar system(M) star (M) sun * sunrise sunset tilt of the axis** universe**(M) visible

astronomy* (M) asteroid* (M) axis* (M)** comet(M) constellation(M)** crater crescent equator** galaxy(M)** gas giants gibbous gravitational force (M) inner planets meteor (M) meteoroid Milky Way(M)** moon phases*(M) orbit*(M) outer planets planet** prominence* revolution rotation* (M) satellite seasons* solar system(M)** star(M)** sunspots telescope(M)

absolute magnitude apparent magnitude asteroid*(M) astronomy* axis* convection zone corna eclipse ellipse elliptical galaxy* (M)** light year lithosphere magnitude main sequence mesosphere moon phases*(M nebula orbit*(M) ozone photosphere prominence* protostar radiation zone revolution* rotation*

wane wax year(M)

tilt of the axis(M)** universe(M)** wane* wax*

satellite(M) solar flare solar wind space probe sunspot* stratosphere telescope troposphere universe wane* wax*

22 Knowledge of the processes of life

1. Compare and contrast living and nonliving things. 2. Distinguish among microorganisms (i.e., viruses, bacteria, and protozoans). 3. Differentiate structures and functions of plant and animal cells.

4. Identify the major steps of the plant physiological processes of photosynthesis, transpiration, reproduction, and respiration.

5. Identify the structures and functions of organs and systems of animals, including humans.

6. Identify the major steps of the animal physiological processes (e.g., respiration, reproduction, digestion, and circulation).

Arteries: vessels that carry blood & oxygen (scientifically written: 02) away-à from the heart. The Aorta: the largest artery in the body and located in the left ventricle of the heart. Job: to take oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. Veins: vessels that carry blood and O2 ß--away from your heart. Circulatory System: its function is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to all cells and removal of waste and carbon dioxide (C0₂) Capillaries: The tiniest vessel in our body yet they do much work in lungs, tissues, kidneys, and the intestines to name a few including connecting arteries and veins. http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=62625

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th adult amphibian beak bird butterfly caterpillar change chrysalis claw egg(M) feather fish flower fruit fur growth (M) insect jaw larva leaf/leaves life cycle** living mammal metamorphosis moth nonliving plant pupa reptile root(s) scale(s) seed seedling

adapt adaptation adult amphibian * animal * characteristics( M) bird * eggs (M) embryo environment * fish * flower * function gills insect leaf/leaves * life cycle * mammal * metamorphosis * plant * (M) reptile * reproduce root * seed * seedling * seed coat shrub * sprout * stem * structure sunlight *

air(M) bulb carbon dioxide(M) chlorophyll cone germinate light energy light(M) oxygen (M) photosynthesis**(M) plant (M) root(M) stem seed seed coat seedling soil(M) water(M)

amphibian* artery arthropod brain capillary cardiac muscle cell*(M) circulatory system (M) classification digestive system (M) esophagus fungi heart inherited traits* invertebrate kingdom large intestine learned behavior* lungs mammal mollusk moneran muscular system (M) nerve* nervous system (M) neuron nonvascular

asexual reproduction(M) cell(M) cell division(M) cell membrane cellular respiration cell wall chlorophyll chloroplast chromosome cytoplasm dicots diffusion pollen recessive trait seedling sexual reproduction(M) spore stamen stigma stomata system taproot tissue(M) tropism vascular xylemdomina

skin sprout stem tree wildlife

wildlife * plant offspring (M) organ* ** organism*(M)** parent protist** reptile respiratory system (M) skeletal system (M) small intestine smooth muscle spinal cord stomach striated muscle system** tissue (M)** vascular plant vein vertebrate (M)

nt trait embryo epidermis fibrous root gene germinate gravitropism inherited trait life cycle(M) meiosis(M) mitosis(M ) monocots nonvascular nucleus organ* orgenelle osmosis phloem photosynthesis* phototropism pistil

23 Knowledge of how living things interact with the environment

1. Identify parts and sequences of biogeochemical cycles of common elements in the environment (e.g., carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen).

Oxygen cycle

2. Identify causes and effects of pollution.

3. Identify the living and nonliving factors that influence population density (e.g., food, space, predators, and climate).

4. Analyze various conservation methods and their effectiveness in relation to renewable and nonrenewable natural resources.

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th air (M) basic needs care clothing environment(M) food (M) habitat(M) lake land living

air * basic needs body covering breathing characteristics desert environment * forest freshwater function habitat *

adapt * adaptations** Arctic Biosphere * conservation** depend dependent desert * ecosystem * environment*

canopy carnivore coastal forest community** coniferous forest consumer** deciduous forest decomposer**(M)

adaptation* ** environment* ** habitat*(M)** camouflage carbon dioxide(M) climate* community*

balance *(M) beaker* centimeter* classify* communicate* compare* constant* control* data does

nonliving ocean oxygen pollution pond protect recover recycle(M) reduce reuse river rock sand (M) shelter (M) soil (M) space stream sunlight waste water

interact life cycle * rainforest requirements for life(M) saltwater space structure sunlight *

* * (M) everglades food chain**(M) food web**(M) fresh water *(M) habitat (M)** lake * mangrove ocean organism** pollution pond rain forest river * salt water * structural * characteristics survival woodland forest

desert ecosystem**(M) energy pyramid** energy transfer**(M) environment** food chain**(M) food web**(M) forest forest floor fresh water(M) habitat**(M) herbivore inherit(M) interact lake ocean(M) organism**(M) offspring(M) omnivore polarpond population**(M) predator**(M) prey**(M) producer** river salt water(M)

** compete consumer** decomposer(M)** diversity ecosystem** endangered species germinate hibernation instinct metamorphosis migration mimicry niche nutrient oxygen photosynthesis** population (M)** primary consumer producer** protist** resources secondary consumer shelter spore succession symmetry transpiration

not support* data supports* dependent variable* experiment* ** gather data* graduated cylinder*(M) gram* hand lens* hypothesize* identify* independent variable* infer* investigation* ** kilogram* liter* make conclusions* measure* meter* meterstick* metric system* microscope*

savannah scavenger stream system**(M) trait(M) tropical rain forest understory

variation milliliter* model* observe*(M) predict*(M) record data*repetition* scientific method* ** temperature* (M) thermometer*(M) trial* using models* variable*

24 Knowledge of the nature and history of science

1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic science processes (e.g., observing, classifying, communicating, qualifying, inferring, and predicting). Align with reading strategies 2. Apply knowledge of the integrated science processes of manipulating variables, defining operationally, forming hypotheses, measuring (metric) and graphing, and interpreting data. Math strategies 3. Apply knowledge of inquiry approaches to learning science concepts. Ask a question, make observations, answer the question, communicate data as information 4. Identify the appropriate laboratory equipment for specific activities. 5. Identify state safety procedures for teaching science, including the care of living organisms and the accepted procedures for the safe preparation, use, storage, and disposal of chemicals and other materials.

K 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th balance (M) centimeter classify communicate compare data data supports data doesn’t support describe experiment** gather data gram hand lens hypothesize infer make conclusions measure

balance (M) centimeter classify * communicate* compare * data supports data doesn’t support describe * experiment * ** gather data * gram hand lens * hypothesize * infer * kilogram liter

balance (M) centimeter classify * communicate* compare * data supports data doesn’t support experiment * ** gather data * gram * hand lens * hypothesize * infer * kilogram * liter *

balance* (M) beaker* centimeter* classify* communicate* compare* constant* control* data does not support* data supports* dependent variable* experiment* **

balance* (M) beaker* centimeter* classify* communicate* data compare* constant* control* control variable* data does notsupport*data supports* dependent

balance *(M) beaker* centimeter* classify* communicate* compare* constant* control* data does not support* data supports* dependent variable* experiment* **

metric system observe (M) predict(M) record data ruler(M) scientific method** temperature (M) test thermometer(M) unit

make conclusions * measure * meter * meterstick metric system microscope (M) milliliter millimeter observe * (M) predict * record data * ruler scientific method* ** temperature * (M) thermometer * (M)

make conclusions * measure * meter * metric system * meterstick * microscope * milliliter * using models observe(M)* predict(M) * record data * scientific method* ** temperature *(M) thermometer *(M) variable

gather data* graduated cylinder*(M) gram* hand lens* hypothesize* identify* independent variable* infer* investigation* ** kilogram liter* make/draw conclusions* measure meter* meterstick* metric system* microscope* milliliter* model* observe(M) predict(M) record data repetition scientific method**

variable* experiment* ** gather data* graduated cylinder* (M) gram* hand lens* hypothesize* (M) identify* independent variable** infer* investigation* ** kilogram* liter* make conclusions* measure* meter* meterstick* metric system* microscope* milliliter* model* observe *(M) predict *(M)

gather data* graduated cylinder*(M) gram* hand lens* hypothesize* identify* independent variable* infer* investigation* ** kilogram* liter* make conclusions* measure* meter* meterstick* metric system* microscope* milliliter* model* observe*(M) predict*(M) record data* repetition*

temperature* (M) thermometer* (M) trial* using models* variable*re*

record data* repetition* scientific method* ** temperature *(M) thermometer*(M) trial* using models* variable*

scientific method* ** temperature* (M) thermometer*(M) trial* using models* variable*

25 Knowledge of the relationship of science and technology

1. Identify the interrelationship of science and technology. 2. Identify the tools and techniques of science and technology used for data collection and problem solving. Technology Grades K-2 backspace key (M) computer (M) computer program (M) CD-ROM (M) e-mail (M) enter key (M) escape key (M) Internet (M) keyboard (M) keyboarding (M) login (M) menu (M) monitor (M) mouse (M) online (M) power-up (M) power supply (M) printer (M) reboot (M) return key (M) space bar (M) virus (M) word processor (M) World Wide Web (M) (M) included on Marzano’s word list Third Grade Fourth Grade Fifth Grade cursor (M) desktop (M)

copy (M) digital camera

copyright law (M) copyright violation (M)

menu (M) edit (M) email (M) * email address Icon (M) Internet (M) * internet address online (M) * word processor (M)

download (M) hard drive (M) home page (M) memory (M) paste scanner (M) virus (M) *

database (M) Local Area Network (LAN) modem (M) network (M) search engine spreadsheet (M) troubleshooting (M)

• (M) included on Marzano’s word list • * included in previous grade levels

26 Knowledge of technology processes and applications

1. Identify the purposes and functions of common computer software (e.g., word processor, spreadsheet, database, multimedia, communication, and publishing). 2. Identify ways technology can be used by students to represent understanding of science concepts. 3. Identify telecommunications terminology, processes, and procedures. 4. Demonstrate knowledge of legal and ethical practices as they relate to information and technological systems (e.g., copyright, privacy, and plagiarism).