ScientifiScientificc

MethodMethod

INDEXINDEX

1. What is a science?1. What is a science?

2. Introduction2. Introduction

3. History3. History

4. Steps4. Steps

5. Main feature distinguishing5. Main feature distinguishing

6. Models of scientific method6. Models of scientific method

1. What is a science?1. What is a science?

The word science, unnamed to the latin word knowledge.The word science, unnamed to the latin word knowledge.

Science uses different methods and techniques for the acquisition Science uses different methods and techniques for the acquisition and organization of knowledge about the and organization of knowledge about the structure of a set of objective facts and structure of a set of objective facts and accessible to several observers, as well as being based on a accessible to several observers, as well as being based on a criterion of truth and a permanent correction. criterion of truth and a permanent correction.

2. Introduction2. Introduction

The scientific method involves making a series of specific The scientific method involves making a series of specific processes that uses science to acquire processes that uses science to acquire knowledge. These specific processes are a set of rules or knowledge. These specific processes are a set of rules or steps, well-defined, which allow the steps, well-defined, which allow the end of its realization are obtained reliable results.end of its realization are obtained reliable results.

Scientists use the scientific method as a planned way of Scientists use the scientific method as a planned way of working. His achievements are cumulative and working. His achievements are cumulative and led to humanity when current culture. led to humanity when current culture.

3. History3. History

Primitive man ceased to be a fruit picker and Primitive man ceased to be a fruit picker and a hunter of animals to a hunter of animals to become pastor and farmer, through observation stopped bebecome pastor and farmer, through observation stopped being ing nomads to become sedentary. Besides the observation mignomads to become sedentary. Besides the observation might be associated movements of celestial bodies over ht be associated movements of celestial bodies over time and seasons. In this way the knowledge came time and seasons. In this way the knowledge came from the observation of natural phenomena. from the observation of natural phenomena.

4. Steps4. Steps

By do a scientific experiments we should to do a scientific By do a scientific experiments we should to do a scientific method:method:

1. Observation1. Observation

Knowing subject (science) comes in contact with phenomenon, Knowing subject (science) comes in contact with phenomenon,

and he knows someand he knows some

2. Hypothesis 2. Hypothesis

Is closely linked to defining the problem, the theoretical Is closely linked to defining the problem, the theoretical frame work as well as the methodological process frame work as well as the methodological process to follow. That account is that for a to follow. That account is that for a hypothesis worthy of taking into account research, must hypothesis worthy of taking into account research, must meet certain requirements meet certain requirements

3. Experimentation3. Experimentation

Consists of checking or verification of the hypothesis. The Consists of checking or verification of the hypothesis. The experiment determines the validity of experiment determines the validity of the possible explanations we have the possible explanations we have given and decide which hypothesis is accepted or discarded. given and decide which hypothesis is accepted or discarded.

4. Theory4. Theory

It is a hypothesis which have been linked a lot of facts about the It is a hypothesis which have been linked a lot of facts about the same phenomenon that intrigues us. Some authors same phenomenon that intrigues us. Some authors consider thatthe theory is nothing more than consider thatthe theory is nothing more than a hypothesis in which they consideras a hypothesis in which they consideras many facts and the explanation which we have built is more many facts and the explanation which we have built is more likelyto be tested positive.likelyto be tested positive.

5. Main feature distinguishing  the 5. Main feature distinguishing  the scientific methodscientific method

ObjectivityObjectivity

Is to obtain knowledge that matches the reality of the object, Is to obtain knowledge that matches the reality of the object, which describe or explain what it is and not as we wish it to which describe or explain what it is and not as we wish it to be. It leave aside the subjective, how it feels or sensesbe. It leave aside the subjective, how it feels or senses

RationaleRationaleScience uses reason as a tool essential to Science uses reason as a tool essential to

achieve results.Scientists work where achieve results.Scientists work where possible with concepts, judgments and reasoning, and possible with concepts, judgments and reasoning, and not to sensations, images or impressions not to sensations, images or impressions

Systematic:Systematic:

Science is systematic, organized in Science is systematic, organized in their searches and their results. He their searches and their results. He cares cares about building systems and ideas coheabout building systems and ideas coherently organized all knowledge into rently organized all knowledge into more extensive partial. more extensive partial.

Overview:Overview:

The scientific concern is not so The scientific concern is not so much to deepen and complete the much to deepen and complete the knowledge of one individual object, but knowledge of one individual object, but to make each partial to make each partial knowledge serves as a bridge to knowledge serves as a bridge to

reach a broader understanding.reach a broader understanding.

Fallibility:Fallibility:

Science is one of the few man-Science is one of the few man-made systems which recognize the very made systems which recognize the very possibility possibility of making mistakes. In this awareness of tof making mistakes. In this awareness of their limitations, where the real capacity for heir limitations, where the real capacity for self-corrected and overcome.self-corrected and overcome.

Verifiability:Verifiability:

It is hypothesized or assumed answers It is hypothesized or assumed answers to our problems and this to our problems and this confirmed or is restructured according confirmed or is restructured according to the results presented during the to the results presented during the experiment. experiment.

Perfectionist:Perfectionist:

  means that the method is capable means that the method is capable of being changed, improved of being changed, improved or perfected.or perfected.

Norms:Norms:

Means that the method is a procedure, Means that the method is a procedure, a guide and as such provides principles a guide and as such provides principles and techniques for and techniques for research. Technique is a set research. Technique is a set of procedures that uses a science or of procedures that uses a science or

art.art.

6. Models of scientific method6. Models of scientific method

Although not all scientists emAlthough not all scientists employed or employed ployed or employed the same method is to the same method is to make scientific make scientific discoveries all have commdiscoveries all have common characteristics. on characteristics.

Among the most representatiAmong the most representative scientific methods are:ve scientific methods are:

MODELS

Experimental Theoretical

Experimental or Inductive MethodExperimental or Inductive Method

As children learn well, to make an As children learn well, to make an observation our sensors (senses) send impulses to observation our sensors (senses) send impulses to the cerebral cortex originated (thin layer covering the cerebral cortex originated (thin layer covering the brain neurons of mammals and which formed a the brain neurons of mammals and which formed a

million years), thus establishing our image the million years), thus establishing our image the world and make predictions about its functioning. world and make predictions about its functioning.

The The scientist performs experiments studied the phenomenon at scientist performs experiments studied the phenomenon at

a time varying variables involved to induce a a time varying variables involved to induce a law that relates. law that relates.

Theoretical method

In essence consists in drawing conclusions (deduction) of a principle or assumption.

Induction and deduction are used in the processes of the two methods. By thinking continuously induce and deduce.

This method was used by Einstein and Newton

LinksLinks

http://www.fullexperimentos.com/20http://www.fullexperimentos.com/2010/08/modelos-del-metodo-cientifico.10/08/modelos-del-metodo-cientifico.htmlhtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajohttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos21/metodo-cientifico/metodo-cientifis21/metodo-cientifico/metodo-cientifico.shtmlco.shtml

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