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SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
November – January 2009
1
UNIT OUTLINEUNIT OUTLINECHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
◦General Terms◦Periodic Table
BOHR DIAGRAMSATOMS versus IONSNAMING COMPOUNDS
◦Ionic◦Molecular◦Acids
CHEMICAL REACTIONS◦Balancing Chemical Equations◦5 Reaction Types
2
IMPORTANT TO KNOW . IMPORTANT TO KNOW . . . . .
PERIODIC TABLE!!!Memorize 48 symbolsChem Facts sheet
LINK LINK 2
3
CHEMISTRY TERMSCHEMISTRY TERMSMATTER
◦Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).
◦What is not matter? Energy
MASS◦The amount of matter an object contains,
measured in grams, g.
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3 STATES OF MATTER3 STATES OF MATTERSOLID
◦Definite volume and shapeLIQUID
◦Definite volume, indefinite shape
GAS◦ Indefinite volume, indefinite
shapeChemistry Subscripts
◦ (s) - solid◦ (l) - liquid◦ (g) - gas◦ (aq) – aqueous, dissolved in
water5
3 STATES OF MATTER3 STATES OF MATTER
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WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the study of the properties
and chemical changes of matter.
So, chemistry matters
Examples of chemical reactions:◦Rusting◦Burning/Combustion◦C + O2 CO2
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TWO TYPES OF TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYPURE CHEMISTRY
◦Theoretical work that involves DESCRIBING known substances and DISCOVERING new compounds.
APPLIED CHEMISTRY◦Practical work that involves searching
for USES for known substances.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTYPHYSICAL PROPERTYA QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a
substance that can be observed WITHOUT a chemical reaction.
Examples of Physical Properties◦ State of matter◦ Hardness◦ Colour◦ Malleability◦ Ductility◦ Odor◦ Solubility◦ Brittleness◦ Conductivity◦ Melting Point and Boiling Point
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PHYSICAL CHANGEPHYSICAL CHANGEA change in state of matter.
◦Melting/fusion – SOLID to LIQUID◦Freezing – LIQUID to SOLID◦Evaporation – LIQUID to GAS◦Condensation – GAS to LIQUID◦Sublimation – SOLID to GAS◦Deposition – GAS to SOLID
Ex: H2O(s) H2O(l)
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CHEMICAL PROPERTYA BEHAVIOUR that can only be
observed during a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
eg. magnesium ribbon burning
2 Mg(s) + O2 2 MgO(s) + light
energy
CHEMICAL CHANGEA change that forms ONE OR MORE
NEW SUBSTANCES.eg. Iron Rusting
4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) Fe2O3(s)11
5 INDICATORS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE5 INDICATORS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
DIFFICULT TO REVERSE.Observe the next 4…
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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
COLOUR CHANGE
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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
BUBBLES OF GAS
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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION
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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS
HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF
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HOMEWORK!!!HOMEWORK!!!1. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL
PROPERTY or a CHEMICAL PROPERTY.1. Burns in air when heated.2. Melts at 98 degrees Celsius.3. Reacts violently with water.4. Can be cut with a knife.5. Conducts electricity.
2. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL CHANGE or a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
1. Digesting a meal.2. Butter melting in a pan.3. Burning gasoline.4. Wood rotting.
LINK17
MATTER FLOW CHART-MATTER FLOW CHART-DrawDraw
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PURE SUBSTANCEPURE SUBSTANCEMade up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or ATOM COMBINATION
Stays the same in response to a physical change
Example:◦O2
◦H2OTWO TYPES:
◦Element◦Compound
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TYPES OF PURE TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCESELEMENT
◦A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
◦It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM.Element SYMBOLS - first letter UPPERCASE and the second letter lowercase
Element names - written in lowercase letters.
◦Examples:Na – sodium Li – lithiumAr – argon W - tungsten 20
TYPES OF PURE TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCESCOMPOUND
◦A pure substance that CAN be broken down into its elements with a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
◦made from two or more elements are chemically bonded in fixed ratios.
◦Examples:NaCl – sodium chlorideC6H12O6 – glucose
CH4 – methane
H2O - water21
MIXTUREMIXTUREContains 2 or more pure
substancesHOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
AKA SOLUTION only one visible phase eg. air, apple juice, salt
water
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Contains 2 or more visible phases throughout
eg. Soil, soup, fruitcake
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DIATOMIC MOLECULESDIATOMIC MOLECULESThere are 7 elements that are
diatomic, or found in pairs, in their natural state.
These are:◦H2
◦O2
◦F2
◦Br2 ◦I2◦N2 ◦Cl2 ◦Also P4 and S8
Memory tool: P.S., HOFBrINCl 23
REACTANTS◦Starting Materials
PRODUCTS◦New substances formed
CHEMICAL REACTION◦Reactants Products◦Example:◦C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)
24
HOMEWORK . . . HOMEWORK . . . 1. Name the type of pure substance
that is found on the periodic table.
2. Give an example of each of the following:
1. Pure substance
2. Heterogeneous mixture
3. Homogeneous mixture
LINK 25