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School of EngineeringPhD Information LunchDr Peter Gammon, Director of Graduate Studies
28th November 2018 / A401, Engineering For further information, contact [email protected]
Contents• The Basics:
• What is a PhD?• Why do a PhD?• Why not to do a PhD.
• PhD Research Areas
• PhD Funding
• Meet an Engineering PhD Student.
What is a PhD?
• 3 to 3.5 years of post-graduate study following either a Bachelors or Masters level course.
• A requirement to produce a thesis offering a significant new contribution to knowledge in their subject.
• A PhD = A doctorate = Dr X [e.g. Strangelove, No or Dolittle]
• A PhD can be from any subject, but all are Doctors of Philosophy.
• Day-to-day work is research, but tasks can include teaching.
What does a PhD in Engineering entail?
• It varies… Each PhD is entirely individual. One Example (mine…):
35 – 40 hrs per week (average over three years)
10
% T
ea
ch
ing
10% Writing
(papers/reports/thesis)
5% Reading 5%
Technician 40% Simulation
30% Practical
Why do a PhD?
• #1 Because you are really interested in a subject.
• #2 Because you are really interested in a subject.
Secondary (tertiary?) considerations…
• Because you enjoy research (think 3rd year projects?)
• Because you want to make a contribution.
• To access research-based jobs of interest in Academia OR Industry.
• Because of the transferable skills you will develop
https://www.jobs.ac.uk/careers-advice/studentships/2221/why-should-you-do-a-phd
Why do a PhD?
• To get rich!! Think about type of job not salary.
• Because I want to extend my stay at University / my partner is here for another year.
• Because my supervisor tells me how wonderful the subject is.
• Because it sounds easier than getting a job.
Reasons NOT to do a PhD!
• Because I don’t know what else to do.
• 3-4 years is a big commitment. Don’t take the decision lightly.
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/
Prof Mike Chappell
Prof John Murphy
Dr Reyes Garcia
Prof Evgeny Rebrov
Dr Suhaib Fahmy
Dr Peter Gammon
Dr James Kermode
Dr Alan Bloodworth
SiC Power Semiconductor Devices
Elec/Elec Engineering, Semiconductor Materials, Device Physics
Dr Peter Gammon [email protected]
warwick.ac.uk/pmgammon
PhD Projects in Silicon Carbide at Warwick
SiC@
Warwick
2019 on…
Scaling it up…
10, 15, 25kV…100, 500, 1000 A…
Sending it to Space
High Rad, High Rel
And more and more and more…
• Novel Device Simulation• Materials Growth + Science• Reliable Device Packaging• Reliability, testing.• Power Systems
What next?
Ga2O3
DiamondAl2O3
Wireless Power Transfer
Power + GHz
Connected Systems
Communications, Computer Engineering and Embedded Systems
Dr Suhaib [email protected]
warwick.ac.uk/sfahmy
An interdisciplinary group combining:• Wireless Communication Systems• Complex and Optical Networks• Datacenter Infrastructure• Embedded SystemsSupporting emerging applications:• Connected and autonomous vehicles• Underwater autonomous systems• Next generation 5G networks• Low-latency edge computing
Dr Mark Leeson: Communication Systems
Molecular Communications
Error correcting codes, communication protocols, network modelling
Body Area Networks
Energy efficiency, edge processing, new protocols
Underwater Optical Communications
Link orientation, multiplexing schemes, error correction coding
Dr Weisi Guo: Complex Networks
3. Machine Learning for 5G Networks (H2020, InnovateUK)
Automating network services, planning rollout, capacity scaling laws.
1. Complex Networks (EPSRC)
Dynamics, Resilience, Infrastructure, Society
2. Machine Learning for Forecasting (H2020)
Consumer behaviour, social trends.
[1] “Retool AI to Forecast and Limit Wars,” Nature, vol.562, 2018
[2] “Resilience or Robustness: Identifying Topological Vulnerabilities in Rail Networks,” Royal Society Open Science, under review, 2018
[3] “Node Level Resilience Loss in Dynamic Complex Networks,” Nature Sci. Rep. under review, 2018
[4] ”Data Driven Deployment and Cooperative Self-Organization in Ultra Dense Small Cell Networks,” IEEE Access, 2018
[5] “Estimating Mobile Traffic Demand using Twitter,” IEEE Wireless Comm. Letters, vol.5, 2016
Dr Tianhua Xu: Optical Communication and Signal Processing
Optical Fibre NetworksFibre network design, single-/multi-mode/core fibre networks, fibre sensing networks
Optical Communication SystemsPhysical layer properties, Transceiver design, Information and coding theory
Signal Processing and Machine LearningTransmission impairments compensation, Nonlinear channel modelling, Physical layer security
Dr Suhaib Fahmy: Reconfigurable Connected Computing
Autonomous Adaptive SystemsCombining adaptive hardware with intelligence to support next generation autonomous systems
Accelerator DesignCustom hardware architectures for efficient high performance computation in machine learning, vision processing, etc.
Accelerator ConnectivityDatacenter integration of FPGAs including direct network attachment for low-latency computation
Talk to us!
Dr Suhaib Fahmy – [email protected] Mark Leeson – [email protected] Yunfei Chen – [email protected] Weisi Guo – [email protected] Christos Mias – [email protected] Tianhua Xu – [email protected] Subhash Lakshminarayana –[email protected] Adam Noel – [email protected]
Electronic Materials and Interfaces Group
School of Engineering
Prof. John D. [email protected]
Dr Nicholas E. [email protected]
warwick.ac.uk/jdmurphy
Electronic Materials and Interfaces Group
• Experimental research into the properties in electronic materials and their interfaces.
• Our work is fundamental (we are engineering scientists) but we often work on technologically inspired problems.
• Applications of our work include photovoltaic solar cells, materials for computer “chips”, battery electrodes, and metamaterials.
• We are multidisciplinary and work with people from different subject backgrounds including engineering, materials science, physics and chemistry.
• We work a great deal on international projects (including with industrial partners).
Atomic layer deposition of ~nm films. Our reactor
was commissioned in 2018 (c. £450k).
PL imaging of silicon solar
wafers.
Examples of recent research
Si SiOx Al2O3
TEM
Superacid-derived surface passivation
Lifetime measurements in
low humidity environment.
Internal gettering in mc-Si
1050 mins = 17.5 h
As-received Lifetime [s] ALD
EDX
• https://www.findaphd.com/search/ProjectDetails.aspx?PJID=103068
• Most suitable for those with Engineering (electrical/ mechanical) or Physics backgrounds (Chemistry possible).
Thin films for silicon-based tandem photovoltaics
Funded PhD position(s) are available including:
Sub nanometre coatings for energy storage and harvesting applications
• https://www.findaphd.com/search/ProjectDetails.aspx?PJID=103922
• Most suitable for those with Engineering (electrical/ mechanical), Chemistry or Physics backgrounds.
Please read the information on the webpages linked to above and if interested e-mail your CV including (predicted) grades/ year marks to [email protected] [email protected].
Biomedical Engineering- PhD Opportunities
Systems Modelling & ControlBiomedical & Biological EngineeringInformation Engineering
Prof Mike [email protected]
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/people/profile/?tag=mjc
• Systems Modelling & Control
• Biomedical & Biological Engineering
• Information Engineering
Systems and Information Engineering Research Groups
• Members address problems in research of human systems and healthcare combining techniques through mathematical modelling, signal processing, anatomy, physiology and pharmacology.
Biomedical & Biological Engineering
• Prof Mike Chappell – Mathematical modelling of biomedical, biological and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics systems. Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology. Parameter estimation. Motion capture- gait analysis.
• Prof Christopher James - Biomedical Signal Processing in the area of brain and behaviour –extracting information from brain signals to understand/ communicate with the brain, and using behaviour data to predict wellness and well-being.
• Dr Adam Noel - small scale biophysical signal propagation (e.g., molecule transport, neuron action potentials), information theoretic modelling of biochemical processes, design and control of systems that use biophysical signal propagation
Staff Expertise
• Dr Isaac Liu – NanoBioengineering, development of novel nanomechanical tools for structural and functional characterisation associated with various physiological and pathological phenomena, correlating changes in mechanics with fundamental biochemical mechanisms to diagnose/screen chronic diseases and develop new therapies.
• Dr Neil Evans - Mathematical modelling and control of biomedical, pharmacological and biomechanical systems. Systems Pharmacology with applications in oncology and immunology. Model validation (structural identifiability). Application of biomechanics, particularly with respect to balance and falls, prostheses and orthoses.
• Dr Joanna Collingwood -Trace Metals in Medicine, looking for earlier diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders and understanding disease mechanisms using both experimental and systems modelling approaches.
Staff Expertise
• Dr Tardi Tjahjadi – Emotion recognition via facial expressions, EEG signals or body language using either computer vision (for facial expressions and body language) or signal processing (for EEG signals), and machine learning.
• Prof Declan Bates - Systems Medicine and Synthetic Biology – the application of engineering approaches to analyse, design, optimise and control living systems. Mathematical modellingof physiological systems, control of cellular processes using feedback, development of novel therapeutic strategies for critical illness using advanced computation and simulation.
• Dr Leandro Pecchia – Healthcare technology assessment, wearable devices to monitor health and well being, 3D medical devices for low-income settings, wearable sensors in clinical research and assisted living, motor control balance and falls monitoring.
Staff Expertise
• Dr Isaac Liu – NanoBioengineering, development of novel nanomechanical tools for structural and functional characterisation associated with various physiological and pathological phenomena, correlating changes in mechanics with fundamental biochemical mechanisms to diagnose/screen chronic diseases and develop new therapies.
• Prof. Nigel Stocks - Neuromorphic signal processing, neural prosthesis – in particular cochlear implants - and advanced signal processing for hearing aids.
• Dr Igor Khovanov - Ion transport in membrane ion channels via molecular dynamic simulation. Experimental investigation of cardio-respiratory and cardio-locomotion interactions. Synchronization, modulation and adaptation of heart rate to external influence.
Staff Expertise
Breath analyser for Point-of-Care Plasmonic CMOS Ethanol sensor for Smart Phone and IoT
Microsensors & Bioelectronics LaboratoryElectronic Noses and CMOS Sensors -Prof. Julian Gardner
Membrane M1 Heater Plasmonics
Sensors and Devices
Biomedical Sensors Laboratory
H2
Gas Sensing Devices and Materials
Electronic Nose Systems
Medical/BiologicalApplications
Control Disease
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Pro
babili
ty
Diagnosing human conditions such as cancer
Sensors and Devices
– Prof James Covington
Atomic-scale modeling of Fatigue Crack Growth
Atomistic Simulation,Multiscale Modelling, Machine LearningCondensed Matter Physics
Dr James Kermode [email protected]
warwick.ac.uk/jrkermode
Atomic scale modelling of fracture
warwick.ac.uk/jrkermode J.R. Kermode et al, Nature Communications 4, 2441 (2013)A. Gleizer et al. Physical Review Letters (2014)
Alum
inium
Ductile
Fractu
re
Industrial CASE award ~£16k pa enhanced stipend + feesCo-supervised by industrial partner Tyler London at TWI
PhD Project: Atomistically informed fatigue crack growth models
warwick.ac.uk/jrkermode
Surprisingly little known about mechanisms underlying fatigue under cyclic loading despite crucial importance – will be attacked in PhD project using
Multiscale modelling for slow processes Data science / machine learning techniques Industrial experience
Proposal for CASE Award – Atomistically Informed Fatigue Crack Growth Models
James Kermode, Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling, School of Engineering, Warwick
Tyler London, Integrity Management Group, TWI Ltd
The demanding conditions experienced by welded structures create significant challenges for
design and assessment. Due to their reliance on empirical criteria, existing fracture mechanics
assessment codes and standards may lead to either over-conservative assessments or the crack
tip conditions may be underestimated depending on the nature of the case analysed. The
emphasis in this project will be on obtaining more accurate fracture mechanics analyses of fatigue
processes through the direct modelling of crack propagation at the atomic scale.
Accurate atomistic modelling of “chemomechanical” processes that involve breaking of
chemical bonds driven by long range stress requires a multiscale approach such as the ‘Learn on
the Fly’ (LOTF) scheme [1]. The applicability of this approach has recently been extended to rare
events [2] and to metallic systems [3, cf. Dr Kermode’s recent announced EPSRC grant
EP/P002188/1], bringing processes relevant to fracture and fatigue in metals in reach for the first
time (Fig. 1). In this project atomistic models of this kind will be used to inform improved continuum
descriptions based on the Paris law [4] as a function of chemical environment (e.g. H
concentration) and other micromechanical mechanisms.
Fig. 1. Atomistic modelling of crack growth processes including cleavage, dislocation emission and dislocation glide.
Regions where chemical bond-breaking takes place (coloured red) will be modelled with quantum mechanical precision.
Planned Collaborations
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels EPSRC programme grant, led by Prof. Alan Cocks (Oxford)
Tomographic imaging of in situ crack growth, Prof. Neil Bourne (Manchester/Diamond)
References
[1] J. R. Kermode, T. Albaret, D. Sherman, N. Bernstein, P. Gumbsch, M. C. Payne, G. Csányi, and A. De Vita, Nature 455, 1224 (2008).
[2] J. R. Kermode, A. Gleizer, G. Kovel, L. Pastewka, G. Csányi, D. Sherman, and A. De Vita, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 135501 (2015).
[3] F. Bianchini, J. R. Kermode, and A. De Vita, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 24, 045012 (2016). [4] T. London, S. D. Smith, and Ş. E. Eren, in ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, 2014)
Symbiotic Plasma-catalysis for Transformative N-Fixation ProcessesChemical Engineering, Process Engineering, Catalysis & Sustainability
Prof. Evgeny Rebrov Prof. Volker [email protected] [email protected]
UV
Catalytic thin film
ferromagnetic nano-domains
Micro/nano-patterned electrodes
"Conventional" plasma-catalyst approach
Plasma-catalyst symbiosis in SCOPE project
FIG. 2
SolarWindHydroBiomassGeothermal
+
Non-thermal Plasma
22 ON
223 NH
NO2
32NH
N-Fixation and Ammonia: 180 Millions t/a = 2nd largest produced chemical; complex & still room for intensification
Synergy among the Scales: Catalyst Reactor Process
catalysis -nano scale
physico-chemical modelling - micro scale
reactor optimization and simulation -
milli scale
plant level for sustainability-driven assessment and optimization by LCA -
mega scale
synergy of the PI competences over this entire dimensional-scale level
cPIUM
PI1UA
TUEPI2
UWPI3
SCOPEERC
Synergy
cPI - UM
PI 1 - UA
PI 3 - UW
PI 2 - TUE
PhD Projects in SCOPE at Warwick (and Adelaide)
Sustainable Process: the ‘Big Pic’
Process modelling; life-cycle assessment; social LCA, labour & health
economics; windows of opportunity
What happens inside
Hydrodynamics, reactor innovation, development & design, kinetics
Reactor and process chemistry
Process & reactor exploration and optimisation, parameter space exploration
Understand the molecular scale
Process analytics, reaction mechanism, energy efficiency determination and evaluation
The whole is more than its parts
Systems engineering: scale-up; cost/cash-flow analysis; microgrid
simulation, advanced process control
Catalysis for symbiosis
Catalyst (electrode) design & testing, 3D printing, heat transfer, electric field
characterisation
Sensing the species
Spectroscopy; spatial temporal con-centration profiles; signal-processing
software; multiple detectors
SCOPE@Warwick
Structural Engineering
Earthquake engineering, Structural Concrete, Fibre Polymers (FRPs)
Dr Reyes Garcia [email protected]
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/people/profile/?tag=rg
Risk – structural engineering perspective
Hazard
(probability of harm)
Exposure(value)
Vulnerability
(to harm)
Risk
Risk (£oss)=
Hazard × Vulnerability × Exposure
• Earthquakes affect more developing countries (as % of GDP)
• Most fatalities in these countries
• Earthquake Risk Management (ERM) relies on risk calculations
Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) + resins
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
-0.15 -0.12 -0.09 -0.06 -0.03 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15
Sh
ea
r st
ress
υjh
Joint shear strain (rad)
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
-0.15 -0.12 -0.09 -0.06 -0.03 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15
Sh
ea
r st
ress
υjh
(MP
a)
Joint shear strain (rad)
JC2Failure of potentiometers
JC2RF
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
-0.15 -0.12 -0.09 -0.06 -0.03 0 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15
Sh
ea
r st
ress
υjh
Joint shear strain (rad)
JC2RF
Failure of potentiometers
0
JC2
Structural strengthening
FRP strengthening of components
FRP strengthening
Bare frame
30
30
200
2003030
Discretisation
of elements(in mm)
800
1700
800
800
1600
9005
@5
2 =
260
260
Intermediate nodes
used to apply load
4000
3300
3300
FRP-strenghtened frame
Additional nodes
at columns ends
Steel fibre
CFRP
fibre
Concrete
fibres
Section A-A
A A
4000
FE modelling of FRP strengthened buildings
-250
-150
-50
50
150
250
0 10 20 30 40
Dis
pl.
(m
m)
Time (s)
ExperimentAnalysis
PGA=0.4gθexp= 3.9%θanal= 3.9%
Structures strengthened with metal straps (steel belts)
Mix development & optimisation of rubberised concrete
Flexible FRP rubberised concretes (strains 8%)
Dynamic testing of super-flexible base isolators
𝑓𝑐𝑐 = 𝑓𝑐𝑟 1.06𝛽𝜔𝑤𝑖 + 1.25
𝜀𝑐𝑐 = 𝜀𝑐𝑟 4.8𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑓𝑐𝑟
− 1.25
1.2
+ 1.2540%F 80%C 60%F&C
Development of new concretes – recycled tyre materials
Fibre Reinforced Concrete - FRC
Structural testing of components
Steel – Stability and design of steel structures
FE analysis and design guidelines
Dr Merih [email protected]
Tunnelling Engineering
Civil EngineeringComposite structuresSoil Interaction
Dr Alan BloodworthA.Bloodworth@warwick
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/people/profile/?tag=agb
The Applications Process
• To be accepted for a PhD you must have:
• At least a 2.1 undergraduate degree in a relevant subject
• Bachelors Award minimum,
• MSc/MEng recommended but not essential
• English to IELTS level 6.5 (UK nationals, and those who have studied here are exempt).
• Often you need to provide a Research Proposal
• Apply for your PhD here: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/postgraduate
• You need to have discussed this with a member of staff first!
The PhD Funding Process
• Once accepted to a course you will be able to start your PhD subject to you paying:
• Home/EU Students - £4,260 per year
• International Students - £21,770 per year
• Many students self-finance their way through a PhD.
• However, many avenues for funding exist, covering fees and a stipend (typically £15,000/yr tax free)
Home (UK) and EU Students
Information for anyone who qualifies for the home/EU fees rates
School of Engineering UK/EU PhD Scholarship Scheme
• Full funding for fees and stipend, for 3.5 years.
• Must apply with a Engineering academic.
• Requires a CV and a 3 page Research Proposal, and an application form.
• Applicants must first make PhD application, then apply.
• Start date – October 2019
• http://warwick.ac.uk/soepss
• Deadline 1st February 2019.
2019 is the first time our SoE scholarship is being run. There is a high chance of success!!
EU Students
Information for anyone who qualifies for the EU fees rates
EU Chancellor’s Scholarship
• Full funding for fees and stipend, for 3.5 years.
• Must apply with an academic.
• Requires a Research Proposal, and an application form.
• Applicants must first make PhD application, then apply.
• Start date – October 2019
• Deadline 6th March 2019.
• https://warwick.ac.uk/services/academicoffice/gsp/scholarships_and_funding/eu_chancellors
10 available for whole University – fairly competitive.
International Students
Information for anyone who qualifies for the international fees rates
Chancellor’s International Scholarship
• Full funding for fees and stipend, for 3.5 years.
• Must apply with an academic.
• Requires a Research Proposal, and an application form.
• Applicants must first make PhD application, then apply
• Start date – October 2019
• Deadline 18th January 2019.
• https://warwick.ac.uk/services/academicoffice/gsp/scholarships_and_funding/chancellors_int
25 available for whole University – extremely competitive.
Chinese Students
Chinese Scholarship Scheme – Details To Be Announced
• Exact details still to be released – signing ceremony soon
• Must apply with an academic.
• First stage to apply for CSC, then to Warwick.
• Applicants are obliged to return to China for a period after graduation.
• Start date – October 2019
• Deadline TBA – likely April. 25 expected for whole University – very good chance of success.
All Students
Individual Scholarships attached to Research Projects
• Academics hold a number of research awards, many with PhD Studentships.
• Full funding for fees and/or stipend, for 3 to 3.5 years, depending on the scholarship.
• A list of all those we know about are here:
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/postgraduate/funding
• Talk to the academic(s) in the field you are interested in, they will be able to tell you of any scholarships they have in their area.
All Students
Other Sources of Funding
• Warwick Postgraduate Sanctuary Scholarships
https://warwick.ac.uk/services/academicoffice/gsp/scholarships_and_funding/sanctuary/
• National Government Scholarships
• Other Universities / Departments
• https://www.findaphd.com/
• https://www.jobs.ac.uk/
What Next?
• Student – Academic Match making! Find an academic in an area you are interested in.
• Speak to / email me if you want a pointer to a particular subject area ([email protected])
• Choose a Scholarship competition (or two)
• Work on an application – compile an impressive CV and Research Proposal (if necessary)
• Ask for help! (email above)
• Submit your PhD application well in time (you can add documents later)
What does an Engineering PhD Student look like?
Guy Baker, PhD student in SiC Power Devices
Life as a Ph.D. Researcher
Guy Baker, Ph.D. Researcher
28th November 2018 / A401, Engineering For further information, contact [email protected]
What does a Ph.D. student do????
• Full-time Research (Part-time)• Learning, reading, writing, teaching, thinking and questioning
• Theoretical, computational, experimental
• You work with your supervisor not FOR you supervisor
• NO lectures, NO assignments: PAPERS PAPERS PAPERS and eventually a thesis
• It takes time for your ideas to evolve.
However, don’t let it take too long..
You only have 3/4 years!
How does your week look?
• There is no such thing as an “average PhD week” and how you arrange your week will depend on a number of factors:
-Subject area (very different work patterns will emerge if you have to be in a lab for example).
-Your learning style.
-Your personal preferences
Number of Hours• If you ask current PhD students, you will get a range of estimates from 35 to 75 hours.
• A PhD is indeed hard work and there will be different demands on your time, especially if you undertake teaching or other university-related activities.
• As with all things, there is a balance to be struck. A physical presence does not necessarily mean productivity.
Work Patterns
How does your week look?
Responsibilities
• There are no fixed times or minimum number of hours that the students should be in.
So, is it always a question of trust?
• The nature of the PhD is changing and PhD students are, more and more, asked to undertake a variety of duties. As with all jobs, a balance must be achieved!!!
• At the start of your PhD, you will be in more often to benefit for supervisory support and to demonstrate that you have good time management and to show that you are dedicated.
What else do we do?
Postgraduate (PG) Courses
Courses in everything and anything. Including languages and teaching qualifications
PG Researcher Events and Facilities
Wolfson Research Exchange (Lib.), Research Refresh, PG Tips, PG Pub Quiz, PG Open Jam and Acoustic Night, Wellbeing Hour etc.
Conferences, Journals and Travel
Opportunity to present your research globally
Collaboration with other Ph.D. students and other Universities
Not only departmentally but again globally
Sports Clubs and Societies
The same as undergraduate. A large PG cohort at Warwick